Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (688), Mother tongue (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age groups and sex for the population in Richmond, CY
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 20.5 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (688)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total population in private households by mother tongue^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	189,305	74,500	1,265	55
0 to 4 years	8,315	4,795	15	0
5 to 9 years	8,875	5,230	25	0
10 to 14 years	10,070	5,585	35	0
15 to 19 years	12,525	6,155	15	0
20 to 24 years	13,855	5,415	65	0
25 to 29 years	12,735	4,780	50	0
30 to 34 years	11,055	4,155	120	0
35 to 39 years	11,695	3,750	75	0
40 to 44 years	14,465	4,265	185	0
45 to 49 years	16,560	4,950	125	0
50 to 54 years	16,500	5,485	105	0
55 to 59 years	14,870	5,260	135	0
60 to 64 years	12,680	4,995	155	0
65 to 69 years	7,750	3,180	50	0
70 to 74 years	6,355	2,420	45	0
75 to 79 years	5,075	1,760	15	0
80 to 84 years	3,530	1,320	30	0
85 years and over	2,400	995	10	0
Median age^Footnote 3	42.0	36.6	46.0	22.8
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	162,040	58,900	1,185	35
Married or living with a common-law partner	96,755	30,105	785	0
Married (and not separated)	90,875	26,565	575	0
Living common law	5,880	3,535	210	0
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	65,290	28,795	400	30
Single (never legally married)	46,375	20,590	230	25
Separated	3,015	1,395	0	0
Divorced	8,880	4,225	95	0
Widowed	7,025	2,590	70	0
Total population in private households by first official language spoken	189,305	74,500	1,265	50
English	167,715	74,490	110	30
French	1,250	0	1,155	0
English and French	1,385	0	0	15
Neither English nor French	18,955	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 5	189,305	74,500	1,265	50
English only	159,840	68,565	110	0
French only	80	0	35	0
English and French	10,145	5,750	1,115	50
Neither English nor French	19,240	175	0	0
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	189,305	74,500	1,260	50
Single responses	176,320	70,355	1,235	50
English	93,405	67,330	860	25
French	450	60	355	0
Non-official languages	82,460	2,965	15	0
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 7	78,235	2,815	15	0
Arabic	545	75	0	0
Bengali	105	0	0	0
Cantonese	27,495	930	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	17,230	400	0	0
Creoles	30	0	0	0
Dutch	75	0	0	0
German	155	0	0	0
Greek	170	0	0	0
Gujarati	285	35	0	0
Hindi	535	130	0	0
Hungarian	80	0	0	0
Italian	20	0	0	0
Korean	805	20	0	0
Mandarin	18,415	505	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	3,285	145	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	745	0	0	0
Polish	145	0	0	0
Portuguese	105	0	0	0
Romanian	155	0	0	0
Russian	1,650	15	0	0
Serbian	280	0	0	0
Spanish	1,190	65	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,735	355	0	0
Tamil	110	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	0	0	0
Urdu	370	50	0	0
Vietnamese	455	30	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 8	4,230	145	0	0
Multiple responses	12,985	4,145	30	0
English and French	30	0	0	0
English and non-official language	12,895	4,130	0	0
French and non-official language	60	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	189,305	74,500	1,265	55
None	134,855	66,555	645	20
English	28,085	1,655	200	0
French	1,075	535	345	0
Non-official language	24,375	5,600	40	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	24,370	5,595	40	0
English and French	45	0	0	0
English and non-official language	635	50	0	0
French and non-official language	220	105	25	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 9	129,095	17,235	335	25
Aboriginal languages	115	70	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 10	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 11	110	60	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,985	17,170	335	25
Italian	700	210	50	0
Portuguese	435	125	0	0
Romanian	415	0	0	0
Spanish	3,680	1,200	80	0
Dutch	505	65	0	0
Flemish	15	0	0	0
German	2,435	530	30	0
Yiddish	95	55	0	0
Danish	75	20	0	0
Norwegian	60	30	0	0
Swedish	115	25	0	0
Afrikaans	190	170	0	0
Gaelic languages	55	55	0	0
Bosnian	100	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0
Croatian	320	25	0	0
Czech	140	15	0	0
Macedonian	45	0	0	0
Polish	470	85	0	0
Russian	2,665	120	0	0
Serbian	445	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	0	0	0
Slovak	120	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	675	60	0	0
Latvian	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0
Greek	550	190	0	0
Armenian	150	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0
Estonian	15	0	0	0
Finnish	115	0	0	0
Hungarian	240	20	0	0
Turkish	410	70	0	0
Berber languages (Kabyle)	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Somali	60	0	0	0
Amharic	90	0	0	0
Arabic	1,275	325	55	0
Hebrew	785	240	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	15	0	0
Bengali	140	15	0	0
Gujarati	1,365	375	0	0
Hindi	3,295	865	0	0
Konkani	45	30	0	0
Marathi	130	40	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	7,020	1,255	0	0
Sindhi	285	80	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	250	70	0	0
Urdu	1,395	435	0	0
Nepali	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	15	0	0
Pashto	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,205	110	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	0	0	0
Kannada	55	0	0	0
Malayalam	245	110	0	0
Tamil	380	100	0	0
Telugu	40	0	0	0
Japanese	3,125	740	25	0
Korean	1,300	135	0	0
Cantonese	38,260	3,915	60	0
Fukien	840	160	0	0
Hakka	135	0	0	0
Mandarin	33,130	1,785	35	0
Taiwanese	1,505	30	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,160	1,935	0	0
Lao	25	0	0	0
Thai	215	25	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	880	105	0	0
Bisayan languages	520	90	0	0
Ilocano	270	30	0	0
Malay	625	150	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,520	2,955	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	0	0	0	0
Swahili	230	135	0	0
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	20	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	0	0	0
African languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Creoles	120	35	25	0
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 12	1,370	315	0	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 13	187,830	73,600	1,265	40
Non-movers	161,430	65,440	1,155	45
Movers	26,405	8,165	110	0
Non-migrants	16,020	5,075	40	0
Migrants	10,385	3,085	65	0
Internal migrants	5,280	2,230	65	0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,300	1,815	40	0
Interprovincial migrants	985	420	0	0
External migrants	5,100	855	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 14	180,990	69,710	1,250	35
Non-movers	102,795	45,350	680	25
Movers	78,195	24,355	570	0
Non-migrants	41,755	14,920	310	0
Migrants	36,440	9,430	260	0
Internal migrants	16,970	6,630	230	0
Intraprovincial migrants	13,900	5,385	90	0
Interprovincial migrants	3,070	1,245	140	0
External migrants	19,465	2,800	30	0
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 15	189,305	74,500	1,265	55
Canadian citizens	158,770	70,270	1,195	40
Canadian citizens only	148,040	67,950	1,125	35
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	10,730	2,320	75	0
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 16	30,535	4,230	65	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 17	189,305	74,500	1,265	55
Non-immigrants^Footnote 18	72,475	57,030	900	30
Born in province of residence	54,785	41,865	140	20
Born outside province of residence	17,690	15,165	760	0
Immigrants^Footnote 19	112,875	16,660	355	10
Americas	4,125	1,865	0	0
United States	1,510	1,145	0	0
Jamaica	170	160	0	0
Guyana	60	60	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Mexico	450	15	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	265	265	0	0
Colombia	115	0	0	0
El Salvador	215	0	0	0
Peru	360	30	0	0
Chile	170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	800	175	0	0
Europe	10,355	3,855	175	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 20	3,570	3,335	0	0
Italy	240	0	0	0
Germany	860	85	0	0
Poland	345	0	0	0
Portugal	150	0	0	0
Netherlands	470	40	0	0
France	150	0	120	0
Romania	325	0	0	0
Russian Federation	850	25	0	0
Greece	260	0	0	0
Ukraine	1,035	45	0	0
Croatia	265	0	0	0
Hungary	140	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	110	0	0	0
Serbia	365	0	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	145	140	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,090	90	40	0
Africa	2,165	1,010	80	0
Morocco	90	0	20	0
Algeria	40	0	40	0
Egypt	95	25	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	445	400	0	0
Nigeria	50	30	0	0
Ethiopia	60	0	0	0
Kenya	410	220	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	975	335	25	0
Asia	95,000	9,425	85	0
India	5,260	830	0	0
China^Footnote 21	35,965	1,110	0	0
Philippines	12,060	3,535	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	23,135	1,995	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 22	1,000	100	0	0
Pakistan	850	250	0	0
Sri Lanka	420	160	0	0
Iran^Footnote 23	690	30	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 24	995	80	0	0
Lebanon	110	0	0	0
Taiwan	8,305	250	0	0
Iraq	300	50	0	0
Bangladesh	95	0	0	0
Afghanistan	210	15	0	0
Japan	1,125	60	0	0
Turkey	200	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	4,280	940	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 25	1,230	500	0	0
Fiji	990	285	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 26	235	215	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 27	3,950	805	0	0
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 28	18,685	2,340	20	0
Americas	605	270	0	0
United States	310	240	0	0
Mexico	90	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0
Brazil	35	0	0	0
Colombia	35	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Peru	30	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 29	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	110	30	0	0
Europe	735	140	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0
Romania	35	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 30	30	0	0	0
Russian Federation	180	15	0	0
Ukraine	85	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 31	140	130	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	240	0	0	0
Africa	115	20	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Morocco	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	0	0	0
Asia	17,170	1,875	0	0
Philippines	3,320	1,080	0	0
China^Footnote 32	10,470	285	0	0
India	570	110	0	0
Pakistan	150	75	0	0
Iran^Footnote 33	185	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 34	215	35	0	0
Sri Lanka	60	0	0	0
Iraq	70	0	0	0
Bangladesh	30	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 35	50	0	0	0
Taiwan	645	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Japan	155	0	0	0
Turkey	45	0	0	0
Israel	85	0	0	0
Nepal	50	0	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	430	65	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	60	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 36	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	560	160	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 37	60	35	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 38	189,305	74,500	1,260	50
Non-immigrants^Footnote 39	72,475	57,035	900	35
Immigrants^Footnote 40	112,875	16,660	350	10
Before 1971	8,330	2,915	50	0
1971 to 1980	10,890	2,615	55	0
1981 to 1990	15,365	2,220	70	0
1991 to 2000	41,955	4,485	125	0
2001 to 2011^Footnote 41	36,335	4,420	50	0
2001 to 2005	17,650	2,085	30	0
2006 to 2011^Footnote 42	18,685	2,340	25	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 43	3,955	805	0	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 44	189,305	74,500	1,265	55
First generation^Footnote 45	117,435	17,850	375	30
Second generation^Footnote 46	40,900	26,895	170	0
Third generation or more^Footnote 47	30,965	29,755	715	10
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	189,305	74,500	1,260	55
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 48	1,935	1,825	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 49	1,280	1,195	0	0
Métis single identity	580	560	25	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	25	25	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 50	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 51	55	45	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	187,375	72,675	1,240	55
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 52	189,305	74,500	1,265	55
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 53	910	835	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	188,395	73,660	1,265	55
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 54	162,040	58,895	1,190	35
In the labour force	99,910	39,160	855	30
Employed	92,850	36,530	755	30
Unemployed	7,060	2,630	100	0
Not in the labour force	62,130	19,735	330	0
Participation rate	61.7	66.5	71.8	85.7
Employment rate	57.3	62.0	63.4	85.7
Unemployment rate	7.1	6.7	11.7	0.0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	99,910	39,160	855	30
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 55	2,755	880	60	0
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 56	97,160	38,275	800	30
Employee	84,750	34,275	660	30
Self-employed	12,410	4,005	140	0
Self-employed (incorporated)	4,625	1,455	55	0
Without paid help	2,030	590	25	0
With paid help	2,590	865	30	0
Self-employed (unincorporated)	7,430	2,470	85	0
Without paid help	4,900	1,745	50	0
With paid help	2,530	725	0	0
Unpaid family worker	360	85	0	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	99,910	39,160	855	30
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 57	2,755	880	60	0
All occupations^Footnote 58	97,160	38,280	800	30
0 Management occupations	12,095	4,925	95	0
00 Senior management occupations	1,030	530	0	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,760	2,010	25	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	4,375	1,565	45	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,925	815	20	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	19,400	7,730	145	0
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	4,725	1,580	40	0
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	5,640	2,590	45	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,340	505	0	0
14 Office support occupations	5,735	2,240	35	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,955	815	10	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,980	2,745	75	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	4,910	1,530	55	0
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	3,070	1,215	25	0
3 Health occupations	5,070	2,025	20	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,445	645	0	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,245	565	0	0
32 Technical occupations in health	1,425	495	0	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	960	325	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,995	4,555	105	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,845	1,665	55	0
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,270	1,230	0	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,950	710	35	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	430	350	0	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,500	595	0	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,020	1,250	30	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,085	385	10	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,935	860	15	0
6 Sales and service occupations	27,845	9,745	200	0
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,600	885	0	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	3,570	990	25	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	6,540	2,585	35	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	7,370	2,645	100	0
66 Sales support occupations	2,860	975	0	0
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	4,910	1,655	15	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,920	4,170	110	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,675	1,390	25	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,715	735	0	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,560	710	0	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,365	1,050	35	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	605	280	0	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	960	445	0	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	240	145	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	190	85	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	530	215	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,875	695	0	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	405	150	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	920	200	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	530	135	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,015	210	0	0
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 59	99,910	39,160	855	30
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 60	2,755	880	55	0
All industries^Footnote 61	97,160	38,280	800	30
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	680	285	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	290	95	0	0
22 Utilities	455	250	0	0
23 Construction	4,085	1,825	70	0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,340	1,940	30	0
41 Wholesale trade	5,830	1,970	85	0
44-45 Retail trade	12,315	4,700	50	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,820	3,010	80	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,110	1,305	25	0
52 Finance and insurance	6,875	2,650	25	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,935	950	15	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,230	3,415	75	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	55	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,630	1,750	60	0
61 Educational services	5,905	2,980	115	0
62 Health care and social assistance	7,890	3,310	55	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,980	820	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	8,950	2,775	25	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,420	1,705	0	0
91 Public administration	4,245	2,490	35	0
Total employed population 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 62	92,850	36,535	750	30
Usual place of work	74,275	30,415	575	25
Work in CSD of residence	40,705	15,710	290	0
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	32,890	14,375	270	20
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	330	160	0	0
Work in a different province	345	165	0	0
Worked at home	7,365	2,285	80	0
Worked outside Canada	1,595	255	0	0
No fixed workplace address	9,615	3,580	70	0
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 63	83,895	33,995	650	30
Car, truck or van - as a driver	58,520	24,195	500	20
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,270	1,780	30	0
Public transit	15,125	5,755	75	0
Walked	2,930	1,215	20	0
Bicycle	1,055	550	0	0
Other methods	990	500	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 64	106,350	41,975	860	30
English	89,520	41,210	755	25
French	175	85	50	0
Non-official language	12,060	255	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	12,060	255	0	0
English and French	190	65	45	0
English and non-official language	4,385	350	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 65	106,345	41,975	860	30
None	89,525	40,430	660	30
English	4,300	195	30	0
French	655	335	130	0
Non-official language	11,475	985	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	11,480	985	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	190	0	0	0
French and non-official language	200	20	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 66	162,045	58,900	1,190	35
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,995	7,660	60	0
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 67	45,185	17,870	275	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 68	93,865	33,365	860	30
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 69	9,650	4,540	170	0
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 70	5,525	2,610	95	0
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 71	4,120	1,930	75	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	23,315	10,355	195	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 72	12,610	3,595	145	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	48,285	14,875	345	0
Bachelor's degree	33,190	9,915	215	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,460	1,575	35	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,140	400	0	0
Master's degree	8,205	2,535	40	0
Earned doctorate^Footnote 73	1,300	455	30	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 74	93,860	33,365	855	30
Education	5,660	2,825	30	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,950	1,490	45	0
Humanities	6,050	2,205	50	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,800	4,010	75	0
Business, management and public administration	25,255	8,310	180	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,610	1,450	45	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,155	1,320	95	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	16,695	5,480	165	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,270	355	0	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 75	10,885	4,335	120	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,525	1,580	60	0
Other fields of study^Footnote 76	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 77	93,860	33,365	855	30
Inside Canada	53,310	27,265	655	15
Newfoundland and Labrador	25	20	0	0
Prince Edward Island	15	0	0	0
Nova Scotia	330	200	0	0
New Brunswick	150	95	0	0
Quebec	935	400	210	0
Ontario	3,620	2,075	100	0
Manitoba	1,050	615	0	0
Saskatchewan	640	345	0	0
Alberta	1,980	1,180	25	0
British Columbia	44,540	22,300	290	15
Yukon	25	25	0	0
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0
Outside Canada	40,550	6,095	200	0
Total population in private households by visible minority	189,305	74,500	1,265	55
Total visible minority population^Footnote 78	133,320	28,890	255	30
South Asian^Footnote 79	14,515	5,150	25	15
Chinese	89,040	11,525	145	10
Black	1,245	890	0	0
Filipino	12,670	4,990	0	0
Latin American	1,680	205	0	0
Arab	950	305	50	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 80	2,155	810	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 81	1,260	165	0	0
Korean	1,370	265	0	0
Japanese	3,765	1,990	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	370	235	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 83	4,305	2,350	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 84	55,980	45,610	1,010	25
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 85	189,305	74,500	1,265	55
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 86	142,445	37,695	755	40
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 87	46,860	36,810	515	0
Canadian - Total responses	15,065	13,235	390	0
Canadian - Single responses	4,890	4,475	145	0
Canadian - Multiple responses	10,170	8,760	245	0
English - Total responses	20,790	20,130	95	0
English - Single responses	4,350	4,280	25	0
English - Multiple responses	16,435	15,850	70	0
French - Total responses	5,685	4,750	710	0
French - Single responses	565	230	305	0
French - Multiple responses	5,115	4,515	400	0
Scottish - Total responses	14,995	14,845	65	0
Scottish - Single responses	1,905	1,900	0	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	13,090	12,945	65	0
Irish - Total responses	11,395	11,170	100	0
Irish - Single responses	1,100	1,105	0	0
Irish - Multiple responses	10,295	10,065	100	0
German - Total responses	9,200	7,315	25	0
German - Single responses	1,975	895	0	0
German - Multiple responses	7,225	6,420	25	0
Italian - Total responses	2,415	1,770	60	0
Italian - Single responses	700	345	0	0
Italian - Multiple responses	1,720	1,425	50	0
Chinese - Total responses	91,885	13,790	145	15
Chinese - Single responses	84,020	9,790	105	15
Chinese - Multiple responses	7,865	4,000	40	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	2,005	1,875	40	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	490	415	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	1,510	1,455	40	0
Ukrainian - Total responses	4,505	3,190	0	0
Ukrainian - Single responses	1,080	590	0	0
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	3,425	2,600	0	0
East Indian - Total responses	12,850	4,730	15	15
East Indian - Single responses	10,485	3,420	0	10
East Indian - Multiple responses	2,365	1,315	0	0
Dutch - Total responses	3,395	2,690	0	0
Dutch - Single responses	705	325	0	0
Dutch - Multiple responses	2,690	2,365	0	0
Polish - Total responses	3,205	2,425	15	0
Polish - Single responses	555	235	0	0
Polish - Multiple responses	2,655	2,185	20	0
Filipino - Total responses	14,320	6,025	0	0
Filipino - Single responses	9,505	3,300	0	0
Filipino - Multiple responses	4,815	2,725	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 88	2,205	2,160	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 89	540	535	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	1,670	1,630	0	0
Russian - Total responses	4,135	2,160	15	0
Russian - Single responses	995	190	0	0
Russian - Multiple responses	3,140	1,970	15	0
Welsh - Total responses	2,035	2,020	0	0
Welsh - Single responses	150	140	0	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	1,880	1,880	0	0
Norwegian - Total responses	1,660	1,615	0	0
Norwegian - Single responses	185	160	0	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	1,480	1,450	0	0
Métis - Total responses	645	620	20	0
Métis - Single responses	90	85	0	0
Métis - Multiple responses	555	535	20	0
Portuguese - Total responses	1,390	985	0	0
Portuguese - Single responses	340	155	0	0
Portuguese - Multiple responses	1,050	830	0	0
American - Total responses	1,515	1,440	0	0
American - Single responses	80	80	0	0
American - Multiple responses	1,430	1,355	0	0
Spanish - Total responses	3,795	1,755	0	0
Spanish - Single responses	370	90	0	0
Spanish - Multiple responses	3,425	1,665	0	0
Swedish - Total responses	1,605	1,525	0	0
Swedish - Single responses	100	65	0	0
Swedish - Multiple responses	1,505	1,465	0	0
Hungarian - Total responses	870	600	0	0
Hungarian - Single responses	205	65	0	0
Hungarian - Multiple responses	670	535	0	0
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 91	162,040	58,900	1,185	30
Without income	10,995	3,830	0	0
With income	151,045	55,065	1,175	30
Under $5,000^Footnote 92	26,080	7,045	130	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$5,000 to $9,999	11,690	3,185	75	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$10,000 to $14,999	16,080	4,470	80	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$15,000 to $19,999	13,980	4,375	45	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$20,000 to $29,999	18,665	6,215	125	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$30,000 to $39,999	16,025	6,070	140	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$40,000 to $49,999	13,450	5,905	140	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$50,000 to $59,999	9,725	4,690	135	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$60,000 to $79,999	12,580	6,215	130	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$80,000 to $99,999	5,920	3,150	30	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 and over	6,855	3,740	145	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 to $124,999	3,405	1,765	70	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$125,000 and over	3,455	1,975	75	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
Median income $^Footnote 93	23,694	33,525	39,594	64,519
Average income $^Footnote 94	35,005	44,900	46,849	39,827
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 95	162,040	58,900	1,185	30
Without after-tax income	11,060	3,885	0	0
With after-tax income	150,985	55,010	1,170	35
Under $5,000^Footnote 96	26,375	7,115	125	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$5,000 to $9,999	11,775	3,240	75	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$10,000 to $14,999	16,420	4,615	90	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$15,000 to $19,999	14,605	4,550	40	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$20,000 to $29,999	21,555	7,475	185	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$30,000 to $39,999	18,365	7,395	190	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$40,000 to $49,999	14,845	6,880	130	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$50,000 to $59,999	9,650	4,680	130	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$60,000 to $79,999	10,265	5,175	70	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$80,000 to $99,999	3,765	1,995	75	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 and over	3,360	1,895	70	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 97	22,599	30,724	34,488	52,231
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 98	30,323	38,090	39,679	33,772
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 99	162,045	58,900	1,190	35
With employment income	105,335	42,260	905	30
Median employment income $^Footnote 100	28,929	34,490	42,654	43,288
Average employment income $^Footnote 101	38,444	44,663	50,516	35,114
With wages and salaries	96,800	39,345	810	30
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 102	30,388	35,865	42,660	43,288
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 103	39,377	45,206	50,603	35,114
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	99,915	39,160	855	30
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 104	49,130	20,940	400	0
All others^Footnote 105	50,780	18,220	455	15

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

'Total' category includes all groups mentioned as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 6

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 8

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 9

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 10

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 11

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 13

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 14

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 15

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 16

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 17

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 18

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 19

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 20

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 21

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 22

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 23

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 24

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 25

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 26

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 27

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 28

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 29

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 30

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 31

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 32

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 33

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 34

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 35

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 36

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 37

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 38

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 41

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 42

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 43

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 44

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 45

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 46

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 47

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 50

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 54

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 55

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 56

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 59

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 63

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 64

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 65

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 66

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 67

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 68

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 69

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 70

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 71

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 72

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 73

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 74

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 75

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 76

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 77

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 78

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 79

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 80

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 81

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 82

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 83

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 84

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 85

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 86

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 87

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 88

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 89

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 91

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 92

Including loss.

Footnote 93

For population with income.

Footnote 94

For population with income.

Footnote 95

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 96

Including loss.

Footnote 97

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 98

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 99

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 100

For population with employment income.

Footnote 101

For population with employment income.

Footnote 102

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 103

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 104

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 105

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011048.