Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (688), Mother tongue (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age groups and sex for the population in Cowichan Valley C, RDA
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 17.1 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (688)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total population in private households by mother tongue^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	4,795	4,370	120	0
0 to 4 years	160	155	0	0
5 to 9 years	205	190	0	0
10 to 14 years	205	200	0	0
15 to 19 years	245	230	0	0
20 to 24 years	160	165	0	0
25 to 29 years	135	130	0	0
30 to 34 years	155	130	0	0
35 to 39 years	185	175	0	0
40 to 44 years	240	225	0	0
45 to 49 years	360	340	0	0
50 to 54 years	395	375	0	0
55 to 59 years	440	390	0	0
60 to 64 years	485	420	35	0
65 to 69 years	425	385	0	0
70 to 74 years	340	275	0	0
75 to 79 years	320	280	0	0
80 to 84 years	215	195	0	0
85 years and over	130	105	0	0
Median age^Footnote 3	54.7	53.7	60.4	0.0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 4	4,230	3,815	105	0
Married or living with a common-law partner	3,055	2,690	105	0
Married (and not separated)	2,655	2,330	75	0
Living common law	395	360	0	0
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	1,175	1,130	0	0
Single (never legally married)	605	580	0	0
Separated	80	75	0	0
Divorced	225	220	0	0
Widowed	270	245	0	0
Total population in private households by first official language spoken	4,795	4,370	120	0
English	4,695	4,375	25	0
French	95	0	90	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 5	4,800	4,370	115	0
English only	4,460	4,155	30	0
French only	0	0	0	0
English and French	335	215	90	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	4,795	4,370	120	0
Single responses	4,790	4,370	115	0
English	4,720	4,365	95	0
French	30	0	25	0
Non-official languages	40	0	0	0
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 7	40	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Creoles	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0
German	35	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0
Other languages^Footnote 8	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	4,800	4,370	120	0
None	4,515	4,320	70	0
English	65	0	20	0
French	55	25	30	0
Non-official language	160	20	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	155	20	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 9	440	140	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 10	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 11	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	440	140	0	0
Italian	40	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0
Spanish	90	60	0	0
Dutch	55	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0
German	170	35	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0
Danish	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0
Gaelic languages	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0
Polish	25	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0
Berber languages (Kabyle)	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0
Fukien	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0
Bisayan languages	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
African languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Creoles	0	0	0	0
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 12	0	0	0	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 13	4,775	4,350	120	0
Non-movers	4,200	3,810	100	0
Movers	575	545	0	0
Non-migrants	140	135	0	0
Migrants	435	410	0	0
Internal migrants	400	375	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	290	275	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	115	105	0	0
External migrants	30	25	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 14	4,635	4,215	115	0
Non-movers	3,125	2,820	70	0
Movers	1,510	1,395	45	0
Non-migrants	460	450	0	0
Migrants	1,050	945	45	0
Internal migrants	1,015	920	45	0
Intraprovincial migrants	715	675	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	295	245	30	0
External migrants	40	25	0	0
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 15	4,795	4,370	120	0
Canadian citizens	4,665	4,305	110	0
Canadian citizens only	4,565	4,240	115	0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	100	70	0	0
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 16	130	60	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 17	4,795	4,370	120	0
Non-immigrants^Footnote 18	3,895	3,775	105	0
Born in province of residence	2,275	2,270	0	0
Born outside province of residence	1,620	1,505	100	0
Immigrants^Footnote 19	885	590	15	0
Americas	115	110	0	0
United States	80	85	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Chile	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0
Europe	675	410	15	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 20	375	375	0	0
Italy	40	0	0	0
Germany	95	0	0	0
Poland	25	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	45	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0
Serbia	0	0	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	0	0	0
Africa	25	25	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0
Asia	45	15	0	0
India	10	0	0	0
China^Footnote 21	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 22	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 23	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 24	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 25	25	25	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 26	30	25	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 27	15	0	0	0
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 28	60	25	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0
United States	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 29	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0
Europe	30	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	25	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 30	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 31	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 32	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 33	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 34	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 35	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 36	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 37	0	0	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 38	4,795	4,375	115	0
Non-immigrants^Footnote 39	3,900	3,775	100	0
Immigrants^Footnote 40	885	590	20	0
Before 1971	545	360	0	0
1971 to 1980	140	115	0	0
1981 to 1990	70	45	0	0
1991 to 2000	35	15	0	0
2001 to 2011^Footnote 41	95	50	0	0
2001 to 2005	30	20	0	0
2006 to 2011^Footnote 42	60	25	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 43	15	0	0	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 44	4,795	4,370	120	0
First generation^Footnote 45	935	625	25	0
Second generation^Footnote 46	1,075	1,030	20	0
Third generation or more^Footnote 47	2,790	2,715	70	0
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	4,800	4,375	120	0
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 48	260	265	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 49	90	95	0	0
Métis single identity	160	160	0	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 50	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 51	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,535	4,110	115	0
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 52	4,795	4,375	120	0
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 53	80	85	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,715	4,290	120	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 54	4,230	3,820	105	0
In the labour force	2,335	2,165	60	0
Employed	2,160	2,000	60	0
Unemployed	175	165	0	0
Not in the labour force	1,895	1,655	40	0
Participation rate	55.2	56.7	57.1	0.0
Employment rate	51.1	52.4	57.1	0.0
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.6	0.0	0.0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	2,335	2,160	65	0
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 55	40	35	0	0
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 56	2,290	2,130	55	0
Employee	1,740	1,630	40	0
Self-employed	545	495	0	0
Self-employed (incorporated)	230	205	0	0
Without paid help	20	15	0	0
With paid help	205	190	0	0
Self-employed (unincorporated)	310	285	0	0
Without paid help	245	220	0	0
With paid help	65	65	0	0
Unpaid family worker	0	0	0	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	2,335	2,165	60	0
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 57	40	35	0	0
All occupations^Footnote 58	2,290	2,130	60	0
0 Management occupations	345	305	0	0
00 Senior management occupations	40	40	0	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	70	60	0	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	140	115	0	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	100	85	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	355	325	0	0
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	65	60	0	0
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	175	155	0	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	40	35	0	0
14 Office support occupations	70	70	0	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	0	0	0	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	125	110	0	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	60	55	0	0
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	70	55	0	0
3 Health occupations	205	190	0	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	65	65	0	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	30	30	0	0
32 Technical occupations in health	70	55	0	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	45	45	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	280	270	0	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	80	80	0	0
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	75	75	0	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	65	65	0	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	40	35	0	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	20	20	0	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	80	75	0	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	25	25	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	60	50	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	430	405	0	0
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	55	45	0	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	50	50	0	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	95	80	0	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	70	75	0	0
66 Sales support occupations	55	50	0	0
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	105	100	0	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	405	380	0	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	250	230	0	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	50	55	0	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	0	0	0	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	70	65	0	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	20	15	0	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	45	45	0	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	20	20	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	0	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	20	25	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	20	0	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	0	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	0	0	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	0	0	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	0
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 59	2,330	2,160	60	0
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 60	45	35	0	0
All industries^Footnote 61	2,290	2,125	60	0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	135	125	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	30	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	305	295	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	115	115	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	65	50	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	310	275	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	50	50	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	75	65	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	30	30	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	135	120	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	90	80	0	0
61 Educational services	160	160	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	285	265	0	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	65	70	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	170	170	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	55	50	0	0
91 Public administration	195	175	0	0
Total employed population 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 62	2,160	1,995	60	0
Usual place of work	1,485	1,375	35	0
Work in CSD of residence	210	195	0	0
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	640	590	0	0
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	575	530	0	0
Work in a different province	60	55	0	0
Worked at home	410	375	0	0
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	260	245	0	0
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 63	1,740	1,615	45	0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,460	1,355	45	0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	135	120	0	0
Public transit	45	40	0	0
Walked	40	40	0	0
Bicycle	20	15	0	0
Other methods	45	40	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 64	2,475	2,295	65	0
English	2,470	2,295	60	0
French	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 65	2,475	2,295	60	0
None	2,400	2,270	35	0
English	0	0	0	0
French	30	10	0	0
Non-official language	40	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	40	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 66	4,230	3,820	105	0
No certificate, diploma or degree	540	515	0	0
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 67	1,090	985	30	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 68	2,610	2,315	75	0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 69	505	430	0	0
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 70	230	185	0	0
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 71	275	240	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,010	915	25	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 72	250	195	0	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	845	785	15	0
Bachelor's degree	515	485	0	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	65	55	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	30	0	0
Master's degree	190	170	0	0
Earned doctorate^Footnote 73	40	35	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 74	2,605	2,315	75	0
Education	230	225	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	90	85	0	0
Humanities	95	100	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	205	180	0	0
Business, management and public administration	440	395	0	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	90	80	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60	40	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	655	600	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	80	0	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 75	535	455	30	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	85	75	0	0
Other fields of study^Footnote 76	0	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 77	2,605	2,315	75	0
Inside Canada	2,250	2,090	70	0
Newfoundland and Labrador	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Island	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotia	30	30	0	0
New Brunswick	0	0	0	0
Quebec	60	55	0	0
Ontario	285	250	15	0
Manitoba	90	80	0	0
Saskatchewan	90	70	0	0
Alberta	280	270	0	0
British Columbia	1,390	1,320	30	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0
Outside Canada	355	230	0	0
Total population in private households by visible minority	4,800	4,370	120	0
Total visible minority population^Footnote 78	115	80	0	0
South Asian^Footnote 79	25	25	0	0
Chinese	20	15	0	0
Black	10	10	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 80	0	0	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 81	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	15	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 83	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 84	4,680	4,290	115	0
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 85	4,795	4,370	120	0
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 86	1,750	1,475	35	0
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 87	3,045	2,890	85	0
Canadian - Total responses	1,010	980	25	0
Canadian - Single responses	235	230	0	0
Canadian - Multiple responses	775	755	0	0
English - Total responses	2,300	2,290	0	0
English - Single responses	610	610	0	0
English - Multiple responses	1,690	1,675	0	0
French - Total responses	560	460	85	0
French - Single responses	30	10	20	0
French - Multiple responses	525	445	70	0
Scottish - Total responses	1,480	1,470	0	0
Scottish - Single responses	205	205	0	0
Scottish - Multiple responses	1,275	1,265	0	0
Irish - Total responses	1,000	955	40	0
Irish - Single responses	75	75	0	0
Irish - Multiple responses	925	885	45	0
German - Total responses	705	575	0	0
German - Single responses	145	55	0	0
German - Multiple responses	560	520	0	0
Italian - Total responses	150	120	0	0
Italian - Single responses	20	0	0	0
Italian - Multiple responses	135	110	0	0
Chinese - Total responses	15	10	0	0
Chinese - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Chinese - Multiple responses	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	150	145	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	145	145	0	0
Ukrainian - Total responses	155	150	0	0
Ukrainian - Single responses	30	35	0	0
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	125	120	0	0
East Indian - Total responses	25	25	0	0
East Indian - Single responses	0	0	0	0
East Indian - Multiple responses	15	20	0	0
Dutch - Total responses	280	215	0	0
Dutch - Single responses	65	15	0	0
Dutch - Multiple responses	215	200	0	0
Polish - Total responses	180	140	0	0
Polish - Single responses	25	0	0	0
Polish - Multiple responses	150	135	0	0
Filipino - Total responses	0	0	0	0
Filipino - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Filipino - Multiple responses	0	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 88	165	165	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 89	55	55	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 90	110	110	0	0
Russian - Total responses	100	100	0	0
Russian - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Russian - Multiple responses	100	95	0	0
Welsh - Total responses	240	240	0	0
Welsh - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	230	230	0	0
Norwegian - Total responses	95	95	0	0
Norwegian - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Norwegian - Multiple responses	95	90	0	0
Métis - Total responses	95	90	0	0
Métis - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Métis - Multiple responses	95	90	0	0
Portuguese - Total responses	55	55	0	0
Portuguese - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Portuguese - Multiple responses	35	35	0	0
American - Total responses	145	145	0	0
American - Single responses	0	0	0	0
American - Multiple responses	130	125	0	0
Spanish - Total responses	20	15	0	0
Spanish - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Spanish - Multiple responses	25	15	0	0
Swedish - Total responses	165	160	0	0
Swedish - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Swedish - Multiple responses	150	145	0	0
Hungarian - Total responses	35	30	0	0
Hungarian - Single responses	0	0	0	0
Hungarian - Multiple responses	30	25	0	0
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 91	4,230	3,815	105	0
Without income	150	125	0	0
With income	4,080	3,690	95	0
Under $5,000^Footnote 92	390	340	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$5,000 to $9,999	225	210	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$10,000 to $14,999	255	230	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$15,000 to $19,999	340	300	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$20,000 to $29,999	680	620	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$30,000 to $39,999	505	470	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$40,000 to $49,999	430	390	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$50,000 to $59,999	340	315	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$60,000 to $79,999	485	425	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$80,000 to $99,999	220	200	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 and over	210	190	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 to $124,999	110	85	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$125,000 and over	105	105	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
Median income $^Footnote 93	33,355	33,396	25,137	0
Average income $^Footnote 94	41,189	41,256	42,116	0
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 95	4,230	3,820	105	0
Without after-tax income	150	125	0	0
With after-tax income	4,080	3,690	90	0
Under $5,000^Footnote 96	415	360	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$5,000 to $9,999	230	215	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$10,000 to $14,999	270	250	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$15,000 to $19,999	355	315	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$20,000 to $29,999	760	700	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$30,000 to $39,999	540	495	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$40,000 to $49,999	530	480	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$50,000 to $59,999	350	335	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$60,000 to $79,999	400	340	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$80,000 to $99,999	110	95	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
$100,000 and over	115	105	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x	suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act x
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 97	30,373	30,366	25,009	0
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 98	35,688	35,711	36,358	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 99	4,230	3,820	105	0
With employment income	2,770	2,570	75	0
Median employment income $^Footnote 100	24,856	24,046	23,426	0
Average employment income $^Footnote 101	33,686	33,553	32,877	0
With wages and salaries	2,305	2,170	50	0
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 102	27,249	27,152	72,231	0
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 103	36,433	35,648	42,698	0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	2,330	2,160	65	0
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 104	1,070	945	60	0
All others^Footnote 105	1,260	1,220	0	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

'Total' category includes all groups mentioned as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 3

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 5

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 6

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 8

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 9

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 10

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 11

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 12

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 13

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 14

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 15

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 16

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 17

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 18

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 19

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 20

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 21

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 22

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 23

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 24

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 25

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 26

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 27

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 28

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 29

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 30

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 31

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 32

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 33

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 34

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 35

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 36

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 37

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 38

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 41

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 42

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 43

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 44

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 45

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 46

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 47

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 50

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 51

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 52

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 53

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 54

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 55

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 56

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 59

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 62

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 63

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 64

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 65

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 66

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 67

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 68

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 69

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 70

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 71

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 72

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 73

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 74

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 75

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 76

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 77

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 78

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 79

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 80

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 81

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 82

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 83

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 84

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 85

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 86

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 87

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 88

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 89

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 91

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 92

Including loss.

Footnote 93

For population with income.

Footnote 94

For population with income.

Footnote 95

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 96

Including loss.

Footnote 97

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 98

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 99

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 100

For population with employment income.

Footnote 101

For population with employment income.

Footnote 102

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 103

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 104

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 105

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011048.