Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

• Income statistics in 2010 (3B): Total - Population with income and without income in 2010

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Montréal^{Footnote 2}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 3} = 19.7 %

Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 4	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 7	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^Footnote 8	3,120,060	2,871,460	248,600	2,989,775	130,280	3,090,155	29,900
Male	1,512,355	1,340,070	172,285	1,417,725	94,625	1,488,985	23,370
Female	1,607,700	1,531,390	76,315	1,572,050	35,655	1,601,170	6,535
Total - Age groups^Footnote 9	3,120,055	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,775	130,285	3,090,155	29,900
15 to 24 years	491,685	491,035	650	491,425	260	491,640	45
25 to 54 years	1,661,995	1,486,920	175,075	1,574,375	87,620	1,643,960	18,040
25 to 34 years	532,190	511,760	20,430	524,325	7,865	531,170	1,015
35 to 44 years	537,450	471,445	66,000	505,775	31,675	531,345	6,100
45 to 54 years	592,360	503,720	88,640	544,270	48,085	581,440	10,920
55 to 64 years	461,430	412,040	49,390	432,985	28,445	454,015	7,415
65 years and over	504,950	481,470	23,485	490,995	13,955	500,545	4,405
65 to 74 years	292,715	277,070	15,650	283,320	9,400	289,725	2,990
75 years and over	212,230	204,405	7,830	207,680	4,555	210,820	1,415
Population in private households by marital status^Footnote 10	3,120,060	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,775	130,280	3,090,155	29,900
Married or living with a common-law partner	1,717,905	1,524,950	192,955	1,613,180	104,730	1,692,875	25,035
Married (and not separated)	1,164,550	1,033,210	131,340	1,089,935	74,615	1,145,485	19,060
Living common law	553,355	491,740	61,615	523,245	30,115	547,380	5,975
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	1,402,150	1,346,510	55,640	1,376,595	25,555	1,397,285	4,860
Single (never legally married)	978,025	949,580	28,440	966,085	11,935	976,055	1,965
Separated	53,955	50,085	3,875	51,920	2,035	53,540	420
Divorced	224,285	206,570	17,715	215,490	8,795	222,470	1,810
Widowed	145,885	140,280	5,605	143,095	2,785	145,215	675
Total - Household living arrangements^Footnote 11	3,120,055	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,770	130,285	3,090,155	29,900
Total persons in households with at least one census family	2,439,290	2,228,040	211,250	2,326,345	112,945	2,412,850	26,440
Married spouses, common-law partners	1,692,890	1,501,280	191,610	1,588,890	103,995	1,668,045	24,840
Lone parents	188,430	173,310	15,115	181,365	7,060	187,105	1,325
Children in families with two parents present	333,875	332,075	1,805	333,205	670	333,795	75
Children in families with one parent present	163,010	161,530	1,480	162,350	665	162,920	95
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^Footnote 12	40,150	39,425	725	39,825	325	40,070	80
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	20,935	20,420	510	20,705	225	20,905	25
Total persons in non-census family households	680,770	643,425	37,350	663,430	17,340	677,310	3,460
Living with relatives^Footnote 13	35,850	35,040	810	35,505	340	35,805	45
Living with non-relatives only	121,470	118,980	2,485	120,385	1,085	121,330	135
Living alone	523,450	489,400	34,050	507,535	15,915	520,175	3,280
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^Footnote 14	3,120,060	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,770	130,280	3,090,155	29,900
Economic family persons	2,454,200	2,242,655	211,545	2,341,145	113,055	2,427,740	26,460
Couple family	2,052,005	1,858,305	193,695	1,947,260	104,740	2,027,080	24,930
Couple only	734,310	671,160	63,150	700,075	34,230	725,765	8,550
Couple with children	1,290,425	1,161,105	129,325	1,220,515	69,910	1,274,160	16,270
Couple with other relatives only	27,270	26,045	1,225	26,665	605	27,155	115
Lone-parent family	340,025	323,670	16,360	332,420	7,600	338,585	1,435
Female-parent family	268,300	258,810	9,495	264,140	4,160	267,585	715
Female-parent family with no other relatives	255,155	246,030	9,125	251,205	3,955	254,480	675
Male-parent family	71,725	64,860	6,865	68,280	3,440	71,000	720
Male-parent family with no other relatives	67,960	61,235	6,720	64,585	3,375	67,280	680
Other economic family^Footnote 15	62,175	60,685	1,490	61,465	710	62,080	95
Persons not in an economic family	665,855	628,805	37,050	648,630	17,225	662,415	3,440
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	3,120,060	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,775	130,285	3,090,155	29,895
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 16	21,620	20,610	1,015	21,240	380	21,575	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 17	12,250	11,695	550	12,045	205	12,225	20
Métis single identity	7,215	6,865	345	7,080	130	7,190	20
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	655	620	35	640	0	650	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 18	305	300	0	295	0	305	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 19	1,210	1,135	75	1,175	30	1,205	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,098,435	2,850,850	247,585	2,968,530	129,900	3,068,585	29,855
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 20	3,120,055	2,871,455	248,600	2,989,775	130,280	3,090,155	29,900
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 21	5,595	5,295	300	5,475	115	5,575	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,114,465	2,866,170	248,295	2,984,300	130,165	3,084,580	29,885
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 22	3,120,060	2,871,460	248,600	2,989,775	130,280	3,090,155	29,895
Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 23	76,440	71,865	4,570	74,355	2,085	76,055	380
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^Footnote 24	68,600	64,520	4,075	66,740	1,855	68,250	345
Métis ancestry	7,520	7,055	460	7,315	205	7,485	30
Inuit ancestry	1,140	1,075	60	1,105	40	1,135	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^Footnote 25	3,043,615	2,799,590	244,025	2,915,420	128,195	3,014,100	29,520
Total - Generation status^Footnote 26	3,120,055	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,775	130,285	3,090,155	29,900
First generation^Footnote 27	847,450	798,075	49,370	820,875	26,580	841,145	6,305
Second generation^Footnote 28	358,360	328,430	29,925	341,020	17,335	353,895	4,470
Third generation or more^Footnote 29	1,914,250	1,744,950	169,300	1,827,875	86,370	1,895,120	19,125
Total - Population by visible minority^Footnote 30	3,120,055	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,775	130,280	3,090,155	29,900
Total visible minority population^Footnote 31	582,860	560,625	22,235	571,640	11,215	580,635	2,225
South Asian^Footnote 32	60,275	57,735	2,535	58,845	1,430	59,870	400
Chinese	59,800	56,730	3,075	58,255	1,545	59,430	370
Black	160,695	156,450	4,245	158,815	1,880	160,455	245
Filipino	24,525	23,920	605	24,305	215	24,505	0
Latin American	79,300	77,430	1,870	78,530	770	79,200	100
Arab	109,755	105,040	4,715	107,245	2,515	109,230	525
Southeast Asian^Footnote 33	48,035	44,640	3,395	46,180	1,860	47,630	405
West Asian^Footnote 34	17,645	16,905	740	17,230	410	17,560	85
Korean	4,610	4,370	235	4,460	150	4,575	35
Japanese	2,410	2,200	210	2,285	125	2,380	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 35	5,655	5,465	195	5,590	70	5,655	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 36	10,155	9,735	420	9,915	235	10,150	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 37	2,537,200	2,310,830	226,360	2,418,135	119,065	2,509,525	27,675
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 38	3,120,055	2,871,460	248,600	2,989,775	130,280	3,090,155	29,900
Non-immigrants^Footnote 39	2,278,115	2,078,350	199,765	2,174,050	104,065	2,254,410	23,705
Immigrants^Footnote 40	789,445	742,475	46,965	764,250	25,195	783,565	5,880
Before 1981	234,120	213,280	20,845	221,615	12,505	230,750	3,370
1981 to 1990	117,075	109,165	7,910	112,810	4,265	116,160	910
1991 to 2000	169,040	159,760	9,285	164,535	4,510	168,275	765
2001 to 2009	227,905	219,615	8,295	224,330	3,575	227,125	780
2001 to 2005	115,545	110,305	5,235	113,315	2,230	115,045	495
2006 to 2009	112,365	109,305	3,060	111,015	1,345	112,080	285
Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 41	3,120,055	2,871,460	248,600	2,989,775	130,285	3,090,160	29,900
English	349,800	315,330	34,470	328,735	21,070	343,755	6,045
French	1,967,760	1,797,045	170,715	1,881,410	86,355	1,949,215	18,545
Non-official language	742,265	701,850	40,420	720,910	21,350	737,295	4,980
Aboriginal	330	315	15	315	15	325	0
Non-Aboriginal	741,935	701,530	40,400	720,595	21,335	736,960	4,970
English and French	9,680	9,090	590	9,315	365	9,565	115
English and non-official language	18,205	17,075	1,130	17,590	610	18,075	130
French and non-official language	30,555	29,335	1,220	30,050	505	30,465	95
English, French and non-official language	1,790	1,735	50	1,770	15	1,785	0
Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 42	3,120,060	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,775	130,285	3,090,160	29,900
English	627,475	571,525	55,950	594,330	33,145	618,485	8,990
French	2,272,125	2,088,525	183,595	2,179,595	92,530	2,252,205	19,915
English and French	181,525	172,745	8,780	177,075	4,455	180,555	975
Neither English nor French	38,935	38,665	270	38,775	155	38,915	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 43	3,120,060	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,775	130,285	3,090,160	29,900
No certificate, diploma or degree	607,545	601,100	6,450	604,645	2,900	606,830	715
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 44	685,800	663,140	22,655	675,265	10,530	683,795	2,000
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 45	1,826,715	1,607,220	219,495	1,709,865	116,850	1,799,530	27,185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,092,365	1,022,260	70,100	1,063,125	29,240	1,087,820	4,550
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 46	406,620	391,015	15,605	401,070	5,550	405,915	710
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	512,805	476,580	36,220	497,910	14,895	510,625	2,175
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 47	172,940	154,665	18,270	164,150	8,790	171,275	1,665
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	734,350	584,960	149,390	646,740	87,615	711,715	22,635
Bachelor's degree	455,465	378,370	77,095	412,990	42,475	446,015	9,455
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 48	278,885	206,590	72,300	233,755	45,135	265,700	13,180
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 49	3,120,055	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,775	130,280	3,090,155	29,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 50	1,293,345	1,264,235	29,100	1,279,910	13,430	1,290,625	2,715
Education	115,695	108,120	7,570	113,135	2,560	115,335	355
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	97,125	92,405	4,720	94,850	2,275	96,715	410
Humanities	118,560	110,030	8,535	114,425	4,140	117,765	800
Social and behavioural sciences and law	201,740	178,320	23,420	188,345	13,395	197,985	3,755
Business, management and public administration	436,625	369,430	67,195	397,220	39,405	426,600	10,030
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75,860	65,145	10,715	69,910	5,955	75,015	850
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	88,970	74,345	14,620	82,130	6,835	88,265	705
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	357,260	308,120	49,135	333,535	23,725	353,305	3,950
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	19,935	18,315	1,625	19,215	725	19,825	115
Health and related fields^Footnote 51	209,635	185,525	24,115	194,560	15,070	203,650	5,985
Personal, protective and transportation services	105,055	97,225	7,835	102,290	2,765	104,815	240
Other fields of study^Footnote 52	255	245	0	250	0	255	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 53	3,120,055	2,871,460	248,595	2,989,775	130,280	3,090,160	29,900
Industry - Not applicable^Footnote 54	963,885	950,150	13,730	957,250	6,635	962,160	1,725
All industries^Footnote 55	2,156,170	1,921,310	234,865	2,032,525	123,645	2,128,000	28,170
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10,215	9,765	445	10,040	170	10,185	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,640	1,710	925	2,035	600	2,450	185
22 Utilities	17,425	9,800	7,625	13,715	3,710	17,190	235
23 Construction	106,960	97,555	9,405	102,590	4,365	106,075	885
31-33 Manufacturing	226,780	196,405	30,370	211,175	15,600	223,860	2,915
41 Wholesale trade	111,900	94,270	17,630	101,405	10,495	109,225	2,675
44-45 Retail trade	267,315	256,160	11,155	261,435	5,875	266,055	1,255
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	103,500	93,270	10,230	98,795	4,710	102,690	810
51 Information and cultural industries	73,925	61,765	12,160	68,020	5,910	72,810	1,115
52 Finance and insurance	99,250	79,455	19,790	87,315	11,935	95,825	3,430
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	39,750	34,500	5,255	36,600	3,150	38,785	960
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	190,775	151,595	39,185	168,130	22,645	185,430	5,345
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,405	1,735	670	1,945	460	2,200	205
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	95,590	91,680	3,910	93,335	2,255	95,005	590
61 Educational services	167,775	152,000	15,770	160,380	7,390	166,955	815
62 Health care and social assistance	247,380	226,620	20,760	235,480	11,900	242,330	5,050
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	50,740	48,255	2,480	49,560	1,180	50,525	215
72 Accommodation and food services	135,975	134,215	1,760	134,970	1,005	135,780	195
81 Other services (except public administration)	94,550	89,550	5,005	92,235	2,315	94,105	450
91 Public administration	111,325	90,995	20,325	103,350	7,975	110,510	815
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 56	3,120,060	2,871,460	248,600	2,989,775	130,280	3,090,160	29,900
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 57	963,885	950,150	13,735	957,250	6,635	962,160	1,725
All occupations^Footnote 58	2,156,175	1,921,310	234,865	2,032,525	123,645	2,128,000	28,175
0 Management occupations	225,230	150,320	74,910	177,935	47,295	213,230	12,000
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	391,460	358,365	33,090	375,535	15,920	387,760	3,695
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	168,695	128,515	40,185	150,655	18,045	166,735	1,965
3 Health occupations	135,230	117,225	18,010	123,475	11,755	129,965	5,265
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	253,710	224,040	29,670	239,180	14,535	250,785	2,925
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	90,645	85,240	5,400	88,310	2,330	90,235	405
6 Sales and service occupations	538,770	522,590	16,185	530,465	8,310	537,315	1,460
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	245,060	231,555	13,505	240,985	4,080	244,715	350
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,325	14,055	270	14,185	140	14,305	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	93,050	89,415	3,635	91,805	1,245	92,960	90

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 4

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

Footnote 5

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

Footnote 6

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

Footnote 7

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

Footnote 8

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

Footnote 9

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 10

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 11

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 13

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 14

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Footnote 15

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

Footnote 16

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 17

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 18

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 19

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 20

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 21

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 22

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Footnote 24

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Footnote 26

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 27

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 28

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 29

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 30

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Footnote 31

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 32

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 33

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 34

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 35

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 38

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

Footnote 41

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 42

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Footnote 43

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 44

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 45

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 46

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 47

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 48

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 49

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 50

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 51

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 52

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 53

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 54

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 55

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 56

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011036.