Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8C): Total - Age groups
• Sex (3): Total - Sex
• Work activity in 2010 (3): Total - Work activity in 2010
• Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6): Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree

This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Montréal^{Footnote 2}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 3} = 19.7 %

Selected sociocultural characteristics (60)	Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
	Total - Income statistics in 2010^Footnote 4	Without income	With income	Median income^Footnote 5	Average income^Footnote 6	Without after-tax income	With after-tax income	Median after-tax income^Footnote 7	Average after-tax income^Footnote 8	Total - Employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 9	With employment income	Median employment income^Footnote 10	Average employment income^Footnote 11	With wages and salaries	Median wages and salaries^Footnote 12	Average wages and salaries^Footnote 13
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	3,120,055	157,930	2,962,125	28,306	38,281	157,865	2,962,190	25,806	31,454	3,120,060	2,108,075	30,292	39,620	1,970,885	31,271	39,357
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 14	21,620	1,150	20,470	24,546	31,395	1,160	20,465	22,814	26,799	21,625	14,405	27,025	33,068	13,650	27,866	33,188
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 15	12,245	625	11,620	24,343	31,343	635	11,615	22,847	26,938	12,245	8,010	28,431	33,440	7,560	29,117	33,613
Métis single identity	7,215	385	6,825	25,108	31,088	390	6,820	22,930	26,427	7,210	4,985	26,266	32,710	4,730	26,749	32,663
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	655	80	570	20,272	28,074	85	575	19,711	23,404	655	430	19,888	28,200	415	19,935	28,267
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 16	305	25	280	25,635	29,057	25	280	25,621	25,153	305	195	27,350	31,716	190	27,308	32,077
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 17	1,210	30	1,175	28,450	35,856	25	1,180	25,866	29,607	1,205	795	27,161	34,523	760	29,096	35,182
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,098,435	156,780	2,941,650	28,335	38,328	156,710	2,941,720	25,828	31,487	3,098,435	2,093,675	30,319	39,665	1,957,230	31,295	39,400
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 18	3,120,055	157,930	2,962,130	28,306	38,281	157,870	2,962,190	25,806	31,454	3,120,055	2,108,075	30,292	39,620	1,970,880	31,271	39,357
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 19	5,590	230	5,365	24,173	31,896	230	5,365	22,294	27,175	5,590	3,600	28,500	34,198	3,400	29,302	34,049
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,114,465	157,705	2,956,760	28,315	38,292	157,640	2,956,825	25,813	31,462	3,114,465	2,104,470	30,298	39,629	1,967,485	31,276	39,366
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 20	3,120,055	157,930	2,962,130	28,306	38,281	157,865	2,962,185	25,806	31,454	3,120,055	2,108,080	30,292	39,620	1,970,880	31,271	39,357
Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 21	76,440	3,690	72,745	27,621	34,634	3,715	72,725	25,297	29,059	76,440	55,430	29,004	35,521	52,200	29,856	35,583
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^Footnote 22	68,600	3,225	65,370	27,680	34,610	3,250	65,350	25,307	29,047	68,595	49,675	29,105	35,561	46,805	29,955	35,596
Métis ancestry	7,515	390	7,125	27,869	34,875	395	7,125	25,627	29,241	7,515	5,480	28,028	35,189	5,150	29,314	35,519
Inuit ancestry	1,140	130	1,010	21,883	29,445	130	1,010	21,070	25,057	1,140	800	22,216	29,949	770	22,240	29,739
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^Footnote 23	3,043,615	154,240	2,889,375	28,324	38,372	154,150	2,889,465	25,820	31,515	3,043,615	2,052,650	30,346	39,730	1,918,680	31,322	39,459
Total - Generation status^Footnote 24	3,120,060	157,930	2,962,130	28,306	38,281	157,870	2,962,190	25,806	31,454	3,120,060	2,108,075	30,292	39,620	1,970,880	31,271	39,357
First generation^Footnote 25	847,450	45,025	802,430	21,984	32,230	44,695	802,750	21,079	27,267	847,450	511,555	25,036	35,059	469,685	26,153	35,042
Second generation^Footnote 26	358,360	32,410	325,950	27,312	39,061	32,440	325,920	24,909	31,675	358,360	251,940	28,201	39,090	237,035	28,869	38,413
Third generation or more^Footnote 27	1,914,245	80,500	1,833,750	31,784	40,789	80,735	1,833,515	28,296	33,248	1,914,245	1,344,580	33,001	41,454	1,264,165	33,893	41,137
Total - Population by visible minority^Footnote 28	3,120,060	157,930	2,962,130	28,306	38,281	157,865	2,962,190	25,806	31,454	3,120,055	2,108,075	30,292	39,620	1,970,880	31,271	39,357
Total visible minority population^Footnote 29	582,860	49,200	533,660	19,419	27,304	48,960	533,900	18,823	23,722	582,860	365,765	21,739	29,726	342,340	22,426	29,606
South Asian^Footnote 30	60,270	5,280	54,995	18,160	27,651	5,225	55,050	17,740	23,874	60,275	35,670	20,008	29,702	33,490	20,286	29,154
Chinese	59,800	4,885	54,915	17,572	27,941	4,850	54,950	17,124	23,862	59,800	36,130	21,006	31,891	33,055	21,935	32,340
Black	160,695	13,260	147,435	20,923	26,890	13,250	147,450	20,229	23,748	160,700	105,315	22,158	27,871	100,390	22,871	28,041
Filipino	24,525	1,930	22,590	21,720	26,284	1,925	22,600	20,611	23,284	24,525	17,785	20,899	25,775	17,205	20,947	25,828
Latin American	79,305	6,820	72,485	19,211	24,873	6,740	72,560	18,678	21,981	79,300	51,145	21,820	26,919	48,685	22,150	27,027
Arab	109,755	9,920	99,835	18,260	27,506	9,900	99,850	17,950	23,753	109,755	64,795	22,169	31,721	59,005	23,770	31,944
Southeast Asian^Footnote 31	48,035	3,295	44,735	20,955	31,692	3,280	44,755	20,006	26,763	48,035	30,685	24,714	35,528	28,420	24,981	33,772
West Asian^Footnote 32	17,640	1,720	15,920	14,896	24,317	1,710	15,930	14,765	21,024	17,645	9,825	18,010	29,011	8,805	18,351	28,309
Korean	4,610	440	4,170	16,673	28,708	435	4,175	16,466	23,985	4,610	2,505	23,220	35,067	2,180	23,232	32,097
Japanese	2,410	165	2,245	19,966	36,569	160	2,250	19,491	29,035	2,410	1,540	23,673	37,731	1,405	24,443	38,547
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 33	5,655	535	5,125	21,285	27,097	535	5,125	19,930	23,563	5,660	3,735	23,376	29,817	3,480	25,000	30,471
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 34	10,155	945	9,210	20,661	28,564	945	9,210	19,971	24,568	10,155	6,640	22,878	30,574	6,220	23,221	30,651
Not a visible minority^Footnote 35	2,537,200	108,730	2,428,465	30,743	40,693	108,910	2,428,290	27,626	33,154	2,537,195	1,742,310	32,515	41,697	1,628,540	33,502	41,407
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 36	3,120,055	157,930	2,962,125	28,306	38,281	157,865	2,962,190	25,806	31,454	3,120,055	2,108,080	30,292	39,620	1,970,885	31,271	39,357
Non-immigrants^Footnote 37	2,278,115	113,415	2,164,705	31,157	40,527	113,675	2,164,440	27,866	33,008	2,278,115	1,600,470	32,253	41,086	1,504,885	33,080	40,706
Immigrants^Footnote 38	789,440	40,870	748,575	22,670	32,874	40,705	748,740	21,674	27,825	789,440	478,560	25,512	35,361	438,025	26,888	35,392
Before 1981	234,120	3,040	231,080	25,521	40,138	3,085	231,030	23,850	32,859	234,120	108,335	32,176	46,487	96,025	34,056	46,040
1981 to 1990	117,075	1,950	115,120	25,350	35,438	1,955	115,115	23,801	30,156	117,075	80,690	29,875	38,140	73,290	30,822	38,477
1991 to 2000	169,040	7,350	161,690	22,482	30,851	7,295	161,750	21,512	26,500	169,045	117,080	25,174	33,551	107,090	26,746	34,109
2001 to 2009	227,905	14,770	213,135	20,573	27,279	14,645	213,260	19,916	23,826	227,905	156,020	21,833	29,056	145,915	22,615	29,335
2001 to 2005	115,545	6,870	108,675	24,145	30,612	6,850	108,690	23,140	26,441	115,540	83,100	25,439	31,988	76,880	26,802	32,533
2006 to 2009	112,365	7,900	104,460	17,860	23,812	7,795	104,570	17,475	21,109	112,365	72,920	18,932	25,715	69,040	19,385	25,775
Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 39	3,120,060	157,930	2,962,125	28,306	38,281	157,870	2,962,190	25,806	31,454	3,120,055	2,108,075	30,292	39,620	1,970,880	31,271	39,357
English	349,800	20,535	329,265	27,443	41,717	20,545	329,255	25,041	33,529	349,805	234,655	28,412	42,020	217,135	29,405	41,268
French	1,967,760	87,195	1,880,565	31,652	40,401	87,400	1,880,355	28,226	32,988	1,967,760	1,382,080	32,889	41,130	1,299,450	33,774	40,819
Non-official language	742,265	45,015	697,250	21,605	31,554	44,750	697,520	20,759	26,778	742,270	451,935	25,008	34,415	417,230	26,049	34,451
Aboriginal	330	20	310	18,976	29,558	25	310	18,964	24,623	330	170	20,350	36,957	160	21,762	33,703
Non-Aboriginal	741,935	44,995	696,945	21,607	31,555	44,725	697,210	20,761	26,779	741,940	451,765	25,008	34,414	417,070	26,050	34,452
English and French	9,680	885	8,800	22,697	33,660	885	8,795	21,881	27,660	9,685	5,980	25,410	35,385	5,645	26,304	34,491
English and non-official language	18,200	1,325	16,880	23,098	33,021	1,320	16,880	22,030	27,708	18,200	12,625	23,618	34,103	12,030	24,054	34,174
French and non-official language	30,555	2,755	27,805	20,774	28,228	2,750	27,805	20,111	24,480	30,560	19,715	22,165	30,013	18,375	23,125	30,342
English, French and non-official language	1,785	220	1,570	20,020	25,218	220	1,570	18,968	21,860	1,790	1,075	20,339	26,427	1,020	22,091	27,067
Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 40	3,120,055	157,930	2,962,125	28,306	38,281	157,865	2,962,190	25,806	31,454	3,120,055	2,108,075	30,292	39,620	1,970,880	31,271	39,357
English	627,475	35,295	592,180	25,592	39,132	35,150	592,325	23,751	31,812	627,475	412,605	27,913	40,691	381,195	29,024	40,319
French	2,272,125	106,635	2,165,490	30,063	38,968	106,765	2,165,365	27,112	31,993	2,272,125	1,568,345	31,666	40,025	1,472,020	32,555	39,774
English and French	181,525	13,895	167,630	22,186	31,001	13,865	167,660	21,145	26,564	181,525	118,555	23,910	31,934	109,850	24,965	31,759
Neither English nor French	38,935	2,110	36,825	14,643	17,306	2,095	36,835	14,624	16,328	38,930	8,570	15,318	20,242	7,820	16,253	20,735

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 4

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Footnote 5

For population with income.

Footnote 6

For population with income.

Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 8

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 9

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

Footnote 11

For population with employment income.

Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 13

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 14

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 15

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 16

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 17

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 18

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 19

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 20

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Footnote 22

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 23

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Footnote 24

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 25

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 26

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 27

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 28

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Footnote 29

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 30

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 31

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 32

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 33

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 36

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

Footnote 37

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 38

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

Footnote 39

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 40

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.