Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province]

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Sex Information - Sex

Age groups Information - Age

Residence on or off reserve Information - Residence on or off reserve

The table shows aboriginal identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by sex, age groups and residence on or off reserve.
Characteristic	Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Quebec [Province] Map : Quebec [Province] Related data - Quebec
	Total - Sex, Total - Age groups, Total - Residence on or off reserve
	Total - Population in private households by Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 1}	Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 2}	Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 3}	First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 4}	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 5}	Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 6}	Non-Aboriginal identity
Average age and median age
Total - Average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	7,965,450	182,890	175,960	92,650	69,360	13,945	2,760	4,170	7,782,560
Average age	41.1	36.4	36.2	34.8	39.8	26.7	42.0	41.5	41.2
Median age	41.7	35.6	35.4	33.1	41.2	22.7	44.6	42.2	41.8
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 7}	6,634,280	142,875	137,155	70,455	57,570	9,135	2,285	3,430	6,491,410
Married or living common law	3,798,575	72,385	69,410	34,765	30,595	4,055	1,125	1,850	3,726,195
Married	2,299,280	38,455	36,875	18,770	16,300	1,805	590	995	2,260,820
Living common law	1,499,295	33,925	32,535	15,995	14,290	2,245	535	855	1,465,370
Not married and not living common law	2,835,705	70,485	67,740	35,690	26,975	5,080	1,160	1,580	2,765,215
Never married	1,963,595	52,720	50,900	27,255	19,185	4,465	795	1,020	1,910,880
Separated	98,960	2,445	2,360	1,285	960	110	45	40	96,515
Divorced	466,205	9,855	9,350	4,375	4,775	205	230	275	456,350
Widowed	306,945	5,470	5,130	2,775	2,055	300	90	245	301,475
Family characteristics
Total - Family characteristics for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 8}	7,965,450	182,890	175,955	92,655	69,360	13,945	2,760	4,170	7,782,565
Married spouses and common-law partners	3,756,345	71,765	68,810	34,370	30,435	4,005	1,115	1,835	3,684,585
Married spouses	2,257,050	37,840	36,275	18,380	16,140	1,755	585	980	2,219,210
Common-law partners	1,499,295	33,925	32,540	15,995	14,295	2,250	535	855	1,465,370
Lone parents (in lone-parent census families)	379,210	12,805	12,475	7,055	4,115	1,305	160	165	366,405
Children in census families (as in sons, daughters or grandchildren)	2,251,755	63,380	61,460	34,615	19,995	6,850	730	1,195	2,188,370
Living with two biological or adoptive parents^{Census data footnote 9}	1,457,270	34,270	33,185	18,335	11,215	3,635	370	710	1,423,005
In an intact family^{Census data footnote 10}	1,392,770	31,155	30,155	16,455	10,345	3,355	345	660	1,361,615
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 11}	64,500	3,115	3,035	1,880	870	280	35	45	61,385
Living with one biological or adoptive parent and one step-parent	221,440	6,700	6,460	3,705	2,265	485	80	160	214,735
In a simple stepfamily^{Census data footnote 12}	124,170	3,285	3,145	1,600	1,335	210	60	80	120,885
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 13}	97,270	3,415	3,310	2,105	930	275	20	85	93,850
Living with one parent in a lone-parent census family^{Census data footnote 14}	563,550	21,390	20,810	11,900	6,355	2,555	270	305	542,160
With a male lone parent	133,225	5,305	5,075	2,810	1,665	605	135	95	127,920
With a female lone parent	430,325	16,085	15,740	9,090	4,695	1,950	135	205	414,240
Living with grandparents without parents present	9,490	1,015	1,005	675	155	175	0	10	8,470
With two grandparents without parents present	4,360	575	570	360	100	105	0	0	3,785
With one grandparent without parents present	5,125	440	430	310	50	65	10	0	4,685
Persons not in census families	1,578,140	34,935	33,210	16,610	14,815	1,785	755	980	1,543,200
Living with other relatives	136,710	4,780	4,620	2,675	1,255	690	80	85	131,925
Foster children	10,800	1,235	1,185	790	120	270	10	45	9,570
Living with non-relatives only or alone	1,430,630	28,920	27,410	13,145	13,435	825	660	855	1,401,705
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 15}	7,965,450	182,890	175,960	92,655	69,360	13,945	2,760	4,170	7,782,565
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 16}	77,490	77,490	73,120	63,715	9,280	125	865	3,510	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,887,960	105,400	102,835	28,940	60,080	13,820	1,895	660	7,782,565
Aboriginal ancestry
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 17}	7,965,455	182,890	175,955	92,650	69,360	13,940	2,760	4,170	7,782,565
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 18}	118,780	87,545	86,120	54,825	21,295	10,000	1,060	360	31,240
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 19}	115,480	84,645	83,520	53,950	19,845	9,725	770	350	30,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 20}	87,700	61,435	60,640	53,180	7,365	95	500	300	26,260
Métis single ancestry	17,585	13,365	13,060	670	12,390	0	260	50	4,215
Inuit single ancestry	10,200	9,840	9,820	100	100	9,625	10	10	360
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 21}	3,300	2,900	2,605	875	1,450	280	290	10	400
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,220	1,865	1,685	285	1,405	0	170	0	355
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	1,000	970	880	585	25	265	95	0	25
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	50	20	10	10	10	25	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	15	0	10	0	0	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 22}	240,645	67,430	65,475	27,590	34,455	3,435	1,290	665	173,215
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 23}	235,365	63,990	62,335	26,960	32,235	3,135	1,010	650	171,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	193,625	42,675	41,360	26,115	15,150	90	725	585	150,950
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	37,080	17,885	17,575	720	16,860	0	250	60	19,195
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,665	3,430	3,395	125	225	3,045	30	0	1,230
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 24}	5,280	3,435	3,145	625	2,220	300	285	10	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,045	2,510	2,300	265	2,035	0	200	10	1,535
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	790	720	350	100	275	70	0	195
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	120	105	10	80	30	10	0	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	15	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 25}	7,606,025	27,915	24,360	10,245	13,610	510	405	3,150	7,578,110
Aboriginal ancestry responses
Total - Aboriginal ancestry responses for the population in private household - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	7,965,450	182,890	175,960	92,655	69,360	13,945	2,760	4,170	7,782,565
Total Aboriginal ancestry^{Census data footnote 27}	359,425	154,975	151,600	82,410	55,750	13,435	2,355	1,020	204,455
First Nations ancestry	289,610	110,280	107,615	80,785	26,100	725	1,760	900	179,335
Abenaki	8,180	2,910	2,865	1,695	1,160	10	20	20	5,270
Algonquin	21,730	13,225	12,875	8,165	4,705	10	220	135	8,505
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 28}	800	585	565	235	325	10	25	0	215
Apache	165	55	55	15	40	0	0	0	110
Assiniboine	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	10
Atikamekw	7,935	7,060	7,050	6,705	340	10	0	0	875
Beaver (Dunne-za)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 29}	715	165	155	85	75	0	0	10	550
Blood (Kainai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier (Dakelh)	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	10
Cayuga	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	465	100	95	70	25	0	0	0	365
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	20	20	15	20	0	0	0	0	0
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	15	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	10
Cowichan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree	27,245	21,465	21,330	19,730	1,265	340	105	20	5,780
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Delaware (Lenape)	20	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Dene Tha (Slavey)	40	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	30
Dene, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 30}	35	25	25	30	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	40	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	11,230	5,360	5,190	3,500	1,680	10	120	50	5,870
Innu/Montagnais	23,455	17,050	16,760	14,160	2,525	75	215	70	6,405
Iroquois, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 31}	8,290	1,655	1,575	830	740	10	60	15	6,640
Kaska	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lakota	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	1,810	795	780	565	205	0	10	0	1,015
Mi'kmaq	25,235	12,225	11,705	5,605	6,085	15	370	155	13,005
Mohawk	5,920	3,380	3,275	2,740	480	50	75	30	2,535
Musqueam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	990	985	980	860	35	80	0	0	10
Navajo	45	30	30	10	10	10	0	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuxalk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odawa	30	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	25
Ojibway	1,325	900	880	690	170	25	15	0	430
Oji-Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan (Syilx)	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	15	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	10
Potawatomi	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15
Sahtu (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 32}	60	20	25	15	0	0	0	0	40
Saulteaux	40	45	40	45	0	0	0	0	0
Sechelt (Shishalh)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	30	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sioux, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 33}	565	160	160	120	40	0	0	0	405
Squamish	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	10
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sto:lo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney (Nakoda)	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	20	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 34}	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wet'suwet'en	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations ancestry, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 35}	154,995	30,505	29,325	19,930	9,280	120	725	450	124,490
Métis ancestry	61,265	35,830	34,780	1,960	32,785	40	925	120	25,435
Inuit ancestry	17,175	15,240	14,975	1,175	555	13,245	250	10	1,940
Non-Aboriginal ancestry	7,846,670	95,345	89,835	37,830	48,065	3,940	1,695	3,815	7,751,330
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 36}	7,965,455	182,885	175,960	92,655	69,360	13,945	2,760	4,170	7,782,560
English only	368,765	30,275	29,820	20,195	2,105	7,515	205	250	338,485
French only	3,960,415	85,840	82,045	41,685	39,320	1,040	1,575	2,225	3,874,570
English and French	3,561,930	63,000	60,340	28,985	27,930	3,425	980	1,680	3,498,930
Neither English nor French	74,345	3,770	3,755	1,785	10	1,965	0	10	70,575
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 37}	7,965,450	182,890	175,960	92,655	69,365	13,945	2,760	4,170	7,782,560
English	960,105	41,170	40,185	26,465	5,680	8,045	400	585	918,935
French	6,657,465	130,710	124,820	59,980	63,285	1,550	2,340	3,555	6,526,755
English and French	275,630	7,265	7,225	4,455	385	2,395	20	20	268,360
Neither English nor French	72,250	3,740	3,730	1,765	10	1,955	0	10	68,510
Official language minority
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 38}	1,097,925	44,805	43,800	28,690	5,875	9,240	410	595	1,053,120
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 39}	13.8	24.5	24.9	31.0	8.5	66.3	14.9	14.3	13.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 40}	7,965,455	182,885	175,960	92,655	69,360	13,945	2,760	4,170	7,782,565
Official languages	6,902,560	137,505	130,660	59,465	69,220	1,970	2,710	4,135	6,765,055
English	707,805	22,130	21,095	13,620	6,550	925	410	630	685,670
French	6,278,785	117,630	111,665	46,810	63,770	1,090	2,365	3,595	6,161,150
Non-official languages	1,169,555	46,965	46,835	34,425	295	12,115	70	60	1,122,590
Aboriginal languages	46,725	46,620	46,520	34,265	155	12,100	70	25	105
Algonquian languages	34,120	34,060	33,985	33,830	105	50	55	25	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	32,035	31,990	31,920	31,765	105	55	45	25	50
Atikamekw	6,290	6,285	6,270	6,230	40	0	10	0	10
Montagnais (Innu)	8,980	8,970	8,965	8,920	30	10	0	10	10
Moose Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	605	600	605	595	10	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	195	195	180	175	0	0	10	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15,940	15,910	15,875	15,820	15	45	20	15	35
Eastern Algonquian languages	560	560	560	560	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	560	560	560	560	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,510	1,505	1,490	1,490	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	1,480	1,480	1,470	1,465	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	25	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	12,155	12,120	12,105	35	25	12,050	15	0	35
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	12,075	12,040	12,025	20	25	11,985	15	0	35
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	85	85	80	10	0	65	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	400	400	395	385	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	385	390	390	380	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	35	30	15	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,122,830	345	315	160	140	15	0	30	1,122,485
Language spoken at home
Total - Language spoken at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 41}	7,965,455	182,885	175,960	92,655	69,360	13,940	2,760	4,170	7,782,565
Official languages	7,643,815	161,590	154,685	80,070	69,315	5,305	2,750	4,155	7,482,225
English	1,524,660	49,010	47,375	30,250	12,815	4,315	650	985	1,475,645
French	6,920,355	130,765	124,595	57,845	65,290	1,460	2,420	3,755	6,789,585
Non-official languages	1,170,765	49,390	49,160	36,025	980	12,160	115	110	1,121,380
Aboriginal languages	48,250	47,980	47,850	35,455	275	12,120	95	35	270
Algonquian languages	35,460	35,310	35,200	34,920	205	80	70	30	150
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	33,100	32,965	32,880	32,625	180	75	60	25	135
Atikamekw	6,335	6,305	6,290	6,240	50	0	10	0	30
Montagnais (Innu)	9,280	9,240	9,210	9,130	65	10	20	10	45
Moose Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	700	690	690	680	15	0	0	0	10
Northern East Cree	200	200	190	185	0	0	15	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	25	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	16,640	16,580	16,555	16,450	40	70	15	10	60
Eastern Algonquian languages	715	710	705	705	0	0	0	10	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	715	710	705	705	0	0	0	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,645	1,640	1,625	1,600	25	0	15	0	10
Algonquin	1,590	1,585	1,575	1,560	15	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	55	50	50	40	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	12,260	12,150	12,125	45	30	12,045	20	0	110
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	12,190	12,080	12,065	35	30	12,000	15	0	110
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	65	60	60	10	0	45	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	485	485	485	465	15	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	470	465	460	450	15	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	15	20	20	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	50	50	30	15	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,122,550	1,440	1,335	575	705	55	20	75	1,121,110
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 42}	7,965,455	182,890	175,960	92,655	69,360	13,940	2,760	4,170	7,782,565
Official languages	7,891,105	179,120	172,205	90,870	69,355	11,980	2,760	4,160	7,711,985
English	3,930,690	93,280	90,160	49,185	30,030	10,945	1,185	1,935	3,837,415
French	7,522,345	148,845	142,385	70,670	67,250	4,470	2,555	3,910	7,373,500
Non-official languages	1,610,975	55,290	54,790	39,335	3,075	12,380	245	260	1,555,685
Aboriginal languages	50,895	50,310	50,150	37,425	430	12,290	115	50	580
Algonquian languages	37,515	37,210	37,085	36,655	315	110	85	40	305
Blackfoot	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	34,420	34,165	34,060	33,715	240	115	75	35	250
Atikamekw	6,635	6,595	6,585	6,490	80	10	10	0	45
Montagnais (Innu)	9,850	9,775	9,735	9,640	85	10	25	15	75
Moose Cree	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	770	765	770	750	20	0	0	0	10
Northern East Cree	260	250	240	235	0	0	15	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	35	30	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	17,170	17,050	17,015	16,865	50	95	15	20	120
Eastern Algonquian languages	880	875	870	865	0	0	0	0	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	880	870	865	865	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,340	2,305	2,290	2,205	85	0	15	0	35
Algonquin	2,245	2,215	2,200	2,135	65	0	15	0	25
Ojibway	100	95	90	75	15	0	0	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages	20	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	12,595	12,360	12,325	75	35	12,220	30	10	235
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	12,490	12,265	12,235	50	35	12,160	30	0	225
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	115	100	95	25	0	60	0	10	15
Iroquoian languages	735	730	725	690	35	0	0	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	690	685	680	655	25	0	0	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	45	50	45	30	15	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	30	30	0	30	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	95	85	70	55	15	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,560,375	5,150	4,795	1,995	2,665	140	140	210	1,555,225
Mobility status
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago for the population aged 1 year and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 43}	7,880,315	180,320	173,470	91,250	68,600	13,620	2,720	4,125	7,700,000
Non-movers	6,965,520	156,735	150,795	79,560	59,445	11,790	2,370	3,575	6,808,785
Movers	914,795	23,580	22,675	11,690	9,150	1,835	355	555	891,210
Non-migrants	547,410	14,460	13,865	6,795	5,585	1,480	220	370	532,955
Migrants	367,385	9,125	8,815	4,895	3,565	355	130	185	358,260
Internal migrants	305,465	8,960	8,650	4,790	3,510	350	125	180	296,510
Intraprovincial migrants	284,280	8,090	7,800	4,285	3,210	310	120	165	276,190
Interprovincial migrants	21,190	870	850	505	305	40	0	15	20,320
External migrants	61,920	170	165	105	55	10	0	0	61,750
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago for the population aged 5 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	7,520,960	169,435	162,890	85,470	65,230	12,195	2,620	3,925	7,351,525
Non-movers	4,825,870	108,120	104,000	56,090	40,845	7,070	1,625	2,495	4,717,750
Movers	2,695,090	61,315	58,890	29,380	24,385	5,120	1,000	1,430	2,633,775
Non-migrants	1,507,665	36,575	35,165	17,180	13,690	4,295	530	880	1,471,090
Migrants	1,187,425	24,735	23,720	12,195	10,695	830	460	555	1,162,685
Internal migrants	949,170	24,170	23,165	11,855	10,505	805	465	545	925,000
Intraprovincial migrants	893,800	21,855	20,945	10,630	9,640	670	420	495	871,950
Interprovincial migrants	55,365	2,315	2,220	1,225	860	130	50	50	53,050
External migrants	238,250	570	560	340	190	25	0	10	237,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	6,634,280	142,870	137,155	70,450	57,570	9,130	2,285	3,430	6,491,410
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,509,365	57,170	55,425	31,840	17,275	6,310	735	1,010	1,452,200
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,065	48,520	47,025	26,860	14,565	5,595	640	855	1,274,550
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate or diploma^{Census data footnote 46}	186,300	8,650	8,400	4,980	2,710	715	90	155	177,650
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,124,915	85,705	81,730	38,610	40,295	2,820	1,555	2,425	5,039,210
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,426,980	26,490	25,230	12,485	11,175	1,560	520	740	1,400,490
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 47}	3,697,930	59,210	56,495	26,120	29,115	1,260	1,035	1,685	3,638,720
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	6,634,280	142,870	137,155	70,450	57,570	9,135	2,285	3,430	6,491,410
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,065	48,515	47,025	26,865	14,565	5,600	640	850	1,274,555
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 49}	1,426,980	26,490	25,230	12,490	11,180	1,560	520	740	1,400,490
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,120,730	29,935	28,700	13,440	14,090	1,170	520	710	1,090,795
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 50}	806,585	20,945	20,110	9,610	9,830	670	370	465	785,640
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 51}	314,150	8,990	8,595	3,830	4,265	495	155	240	305,155
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,165,510	21,140	20,250	10,130	9,625	490	360	530	1,144,375
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	236,255	4,045	3,835	1,980	1,735	125	75	135	232,210
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,361,730	12,745	12,115	5,550	6,380	185	165	460	1,348,990
Bachelor's degree	872,060	9,110	8,670	4,040	4,480	145	125	315	862,955
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Census data footnote 52}	489,670	3,635	3,445	1,510	1,895	35	45	150	486,035
Major field of study
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	6,634,280	142,870	137,155	70,450	57,565	9,135	2,285	3,430	6,491,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 54}	2,750,045	75,010	72,255	39,350	25,745	7,160	1,160	1,590	2,675,040
Education	273,315	4,210	3,970	2,050	1,720	200	65	175	269,105
13. Education	273,320	4,215	3,970	2,055	1,720	200	70	170	269,105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	156,720	2,165	2,050	900	1,105	50	55	60	154,555
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25,380	385	380	170	200	10	0	0	24,995
50. Visual and performing arts	131,340	1,780	1,675	730	905	35	45	60	129,560
Humanities	215,730	2,925	2,810	1,455	1,280	75	30	80	212,810
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	32,180	370	360	215	115	30	10	10	31,810
23. English language and literature/letters	12,900	150	145	80	55	0	0	0	12,745
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	103,115	1,575	1,520	815	675	25	15	30	101,550
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 55}	880	25	25	15	15	0	0	0	860
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10,400	125	120	40	75	0	0	0	10,275
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,125	155	145	85	60	0	0	10	9,975
54. History	17,055	205	195	85	110	0	0	15	16,850
55. French language and literature/letters	29,070	315	300	125	170	0	10	10	28,755
Social and behavioural sciences and law	380,995	5,775	5,545	2,925	2,365	260	65	170	375,220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	160	160	110	40	10	0	0	4,160
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	48,530	530	515	255	255	10	0	10	48,005
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	77,470	2,125	2,065	1,265	635	165	35	30	75,340
22. Legal professions and studies	67,185	670	650	240	415	0	0	15	66,515
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 56}	9,910	160	150	75	70	0	10	0	9,750
42. Psychology	57,330	810	745	310	425	15	15	50	56,520
45. Social sciences	116,255	1,325	1,255	680	520	55	10	65	114,935
Business, management and public administration	879,190	13,170	12,570	6,275	6,035	260	235	365	866,020
30.16 Accounting and computer science	820	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	810
44. Public administration and social service professions	47,710	1,200	1,150	640	465	45	15	35	46,510
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	830,660	11,965	11,410	5,630	5,565	210	220	335	818,700
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140,995	1,355	1,320	510	785	25	10	30	139,640
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	49,700	430	405	150	250	10	10	15	49,275
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	23,215	255	245	115	135	10	0	0	22,960
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 57}	21,895	260	260	100	160	0	0	0	21,635
40. Physical sciences	39,060	330	325	105	220	0	0	10	38,730
41. Science technologies/technicians	7,120	75	80	40	25	10	0	0	7,040
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	152,105	1,735	1,655	765	865	25	45	35	150,370
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125,480	1,495	1,420	650	750	25	40	35	123,990
25. Library science	11,110	145	145	60	85	0	0	0	10,960
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,415	85	75	45	30	0	10	0	13,325
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 58}	2,100	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	2,090
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	828,400	16,885	16,170	7,275	8,405	495	290	420	811,520
04. Architecture and related services	29,015	230	220	90	125	0	0	15	28,785
14. Engineering	150,450	905	875	375	495	0	15	20	149,545
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150,640	2,950	2,875	1,350	1,430	90	35	50	147,685
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	55	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	60
46. Construction trades	185,385	5,470	5,265	2,625	2,375	260	85	120	179,910
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	184,275	4,285	4,070	1,695	2,280	95	75	135	179,990
48. Precision production	128,580	3,040	2,875	1,135	1,690	45	85	80	125,540
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85,480	2,490	2,390	1,075	1,280	35	35	65	82,995
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	51,770	735	695	320	375	0	0	35	51,030
03. Natural resources and conservation	33,715	1,755	1,695	760	900	35	25	35	31,965
Health and related fields	480,230	8,035	7,625	3,430	4,005	190	160	250	472,190
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,960	490	475	270	185	20	15	0	27,470
51. Health professions and related programs	441,105	7,520	7,130	3,155	3,800	175	145	245	433,585
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,165	25	20	0	15	0	0	10	11,140
Personal, protective and transportation services	290,010	9,060	8,750	4,415	3,970	365	120	190	280,940
12. Personal and culinary services	164,595	3,855	3,690	1,885	1,715	90	60	100	160,740
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	295	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	285
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,340	85	85	45	20	15	0	0	1,260
43. Security and protective services	54,620	1,945	1,890	980	850	65	20	40	52,670
49. Transportation and materials moving	69,160	3,170	3,080	1,505	1,380	195	40	45	65,995
Other	1,055	45	45	30	15	0	0	0	1,010
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,055	45	45	35	15	10	0	0	1,010
Labour force status
Total - Labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% Sample data^{Census data footnote 59}	6,634,280	142,870	137,150	70,455	57,570	9,135	2,285	3,430	6,491,410
In the labour force	4,255,500	85,620	82,510	40,660	35,815	6,035	1,125	1,980	4,169,880
Employed	3,949,325	74,120	71,330	34,835	31,510	4,985	970	1,825	3,875,210
Unemployed	306,170	11,495	11,175	5,820	4,305	1,055	160	160	294,675
Not in the labour force	2,378,780	57,250	54,645	29,790	21,755	3,095	1,160	1,450	2,321,530
Participation rate	64.1	59.9	60.2	57.7	62.2	66.1	49.2	57.7	64.2
Employment rate	59.5	51.9	52.0	49.4	54.7	54.6	42.5	53.2	59.7
Unemployment rate	7.2	13.4	13.5	14.3	12.0	17.5	14.2	8.1	7.1
Class of worker
Total - Class of worker for the labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 60}	4,255,495	85,620	82,510	40,655	35,815	6,035	1,125	1,985	4,169,885
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 61}	101,490	3,425	3,300	1,825	1,140	330	55	65	98,065
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 62}	4,154,010	82,190	79,205	38,835	34,675	5,705	1,070	1,915	4,071,820
Employee	3,664,925	74,300	71,755	35,585	30,590	5,575	900	1,655	3,590,615
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 63}	489,090	7,890	7,450	3,245	4,080	130	170	265	481,195
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 64}	6,634,280	142,870	137,155	70,450	57,570	9,130	2,285	3,430	6,491,410
Did not work^{Census data footnote 65}	2,228,315	53,055	50,615	27,580	20,215	2,830	1,090	1,355	2,175,260
Worked	4,405,965	89,810	86,540	42,875	37,360	6,305	1,195	2,080	4,316,155
Worked full time^{Census data footnote 66}	3,407,210	70,110	67,615	34,205	28,800	4,615	900	1,595	3,337,100
1 to 13 weeks	152,290	5,100	4,965	2,810	1,695	455	80	50	147,195
14 to 26 weeks	229,710	8,870	8,650	4,440	3,525	685	85	125	220,840
27 to 39 weeks	215,070	5,670	5,485	2,615	2,505	360	75	110	209,405
40 to 48 weeks	726,130	11,960	11,415	5,330	5,645	435	175	375	714,165
49 to 52 weeks	2,084,015	38,525	37,105	19,010	15,420	2,680	485	930	2,045,495
Worked part time^{Census data footnote 67}	998,750	19,700	18,925	8,670	8,560	1,690	300	480	979,055
1 to 13 weeks	181,575	4,650	4,520	2,235	1,765	515	25	100	176,930
14 to 26 weeks	183,015	4,290	4,115	1,975	1,720	420	85	95	178,720
27 to 39 weeks	120,995	2,405	2,275	1,005	1,125	150	60	70	118,590
40 to 48 weeks	195,550	2,890	2,790	1,250	1,435	105	30	70	192,665
49 to 52 weeks	317,615	5,470	5,220	2,210	2,515	495	95	145	312,150
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	39.4	39.4	39.1	39.9	37.4	39.5	42.0	42.6
Occupation
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - for the labour force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	4,255,500	85,615	82,510	40,655	35,815	6,035	1,125	1,980	4,169,880
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 69}	101,485	3,425	3,300	1,825	1,145	335	55	70	98,065
All occupations^{Census data footnote 70}	4,154,010	82,190	79,210	38,830	34,670	5,700	1,065	1,915	4,071,820
0 Management occupations	418,455	6,760	6,455	3,110	2,950	400	120	185	411,695
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	677,390	11,935	11,500	5,995	4,830	675	135	305	665,450
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	286,275	3,165	3,020	1,415	1,535	70	65	80	283,110
3 Health occupations	295,765	4,855	4,640	2,055	2,395	185	75	140	290,910
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	502,945	11,110	10,765	5,810	3,880	1,075	110	235	491,840
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	135,735	2,545	2,445	1,220	885	345	55	45	133,195
6 Sales and service occupations	988,610	20,550	19,830	9,680	8,490	1,660	230	490	968,055
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	574,670	15,000	14,510	6,600	6,835	1,070	185	310	559,675
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	67,295	2,710	2,640	1,410	1,115	115	30	40	64,585
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	206,880	3,575	3,415	1,545	1,760	110	65	95	203,305
Industry
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the labour Force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 71}	4,255,500	85,615	82,510	40,660	35,815	6,035	1,125	1,980	4,169,880
Industry - NAICS 2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 72}	101,490	3,425	3,300	1,825	1,145	335	60	65	98,065
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 73}	4,154,010	82,190	79,210	38,835	34,675	5,705	1,070	1,915	4,071,820
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	84,060	2,630	2,545	1,320	1,175	55	45	40	81,430
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20,920	1,205	1,185	540	460	175	15	10	19,715
22 Utilities	28,410	885	840	370	395	80	10	25	27,525
23 Construction	254,055	6,660	6,390	3,245	3,015	125	85	185	247,400
31-33 Manufacturing	458,315	6,145	5,910	2,545	3,290	80	80	155	452,170
41 Wholesale trade	157,360	1,805	1,740	790	895	55	25	40	155,555
44-45 Retail trade	508,170	8,895	8,540	3,820	4,160	565	100	250	499,275
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	187,555	3,800	3,700	1,715	1,660	325	35	70	183,750
51 Information and cultural industries	100,775	1,350	1,310	670	575	65	20	20	99,425
52 Finance and insurance	165,135	1,505	1,440	655	760	30	15	45	163,635
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	61,380	1,090	1,040	385	495	160	20	30	60,290
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	288,715	2,860	2,675	1,195	1,430	50	60	125	285,855
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,305	45	40	30	10	10	0	0	3,265
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	176,185	3,560	3,450	1,825	1,535	85	45	65	172,625
61 Educational services	306,580	5,870	5,645	2,990	1,935	715	90	145	300,710
62 Health care and social assistance	532,680	12,340	11,900	6,055	4,470	1,375	145	290	520,340
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	84,125	1,905	1,855	975	770	110	20	30	82,225
72 Accommodation and food services	278,495	5,600	5,325	2,650	2,465	215	90	175	272,900
81 Other services (except public administration)	193,700	3,805	3,660	1,790	1,660	215	65	85	189,890
91 Public administration	264,080	10,240	10,010	5,275	3,515	1,220	105	115	253,850
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 74}	3,949,330	74,120	71,335	34,840	31,510	4,985	965	1,820	3,875,205
Worked at home	266,285	4,105	3,905	1,700	2,110	95	75	120	262,185
Worked outside Canada	10,600	235	230	165	65	10	0	0	10,370
No fixed workplace address	351,590	8,110	7,750	3,780	3,670	305	120	240	343,480
Worked at usual place	3,320,850	61,675	59,445	29,200	25,670	4,580	775	1,460	3,259,170
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,320,845	61,675	59,445	29,200	25,670	4,580	775	1,460	3,259,170
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,732,155	36,460	35,285	17,640	13,815	3,835	415	760	1,695,700
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485,445	9,740	9,375	4,655	4,155	560	120	250	475,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,037,120	12,555	12,000	5,725	6,120	160	180	375	1,024,570
Commute to a different province or territory	66,125	2,925	2,790	1,180	1,580	30	60	75	63,195
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 75}	3,672,440	69,785	67,190	32,975	29,335	4,880	895	1,700	3,602,650
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,739,405	49,830	47,850	23,165	23,190	1,500	720	1,255	2,689,570
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	133,765	4,280	4,155	2,325	1,170	660	25	100	129,480
Public transit	503,285	5,220	4,935	2,240	2,470	225	75	210	498,065
Walked	205,350	7,690	7,535	4,100	1,610	1,820	50	100	197,665
Bicycle	54,625	715	690	360	325	10	10	15	53,905
Other method	36,015	2,050	2,025	790	565	670	10	15	33,965
Language used at work
Total - Language used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 76}	4,529,770	93,050	89,660	44,555	38,520	6,585	1,230	2,160	4,436,715
Official languages	4,515,160	90,030	86,640	42,940	38,515	5,180	1,230	2,160	4,425,125
English	1,924,635	43,540	42,180	22,115	15,290	4,770	470	885	1,881,090
French	4,273,935	73,595	70,480	32,685	36,610	1,190	1,115	1,995	4,200,345
Non-official languages	130,695	19,245	19,190	13,310	325	5,560	50	10	111,445
Aboriginal languages	19,540	18,885	18,845	13,185	105	5,555	35	10	650
Algonquian languages	13,500	13,195	13,170	13,050	95	30	20	10	300
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	12,935	12,690	12,655	12,545	85	30	20	10	245
Atikamekw	1,680	1,630	1,625	1,605	20	0	0	0	45
Montagnais (Innu)	3,080	2,995	3,000	2,955	35	0	0	0	85
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	300	290	290	280	0	10	0	0	10
Northern East Cree	125	110	105	105	0	0	10	0	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,760	7,665	7,650	7,605	25	20	0	10	95
Eastern Algonquian languages	185	180	185	180	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	185	185	185	180	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	385	335	330	325	10	0	0	0	55
Algonquin	380	330	325	320	10	0	0	0	50
Ojibway	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5,905	5,580	5,565	30	10	5,530	15	0	330
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5,870	5,565	5,555	30	10	5,520	15	0	300
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	40	15	15	0	0	10	0	0	30
Iroquoian languages	130	115	115	105	0	0	0	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	120	105	105	100	10	0	0	0	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	111,160	365	350	125	220	0	15	0	110,795
Income statistics in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 77}	6,634,280	142,870	137,155	70,450	57,570	9,135	2,285	3,435	6,491,410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,417,010	136,465	130,995	66,510	55,685	8,795	2,190	3,280	6,280,545
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,995	26,943	26,924	25,624	29,044	25,554	22,129	29,408	33,123
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,546	34,775	34,733	33,071	36,739	34,600	31,567	38,603	42,715
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,418,440	136,485	131,015	66,520	55,695	8,795	2,190	3,275	6,281,955
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,549	25,386	25,378	24,550	26,574	24,260	21,376	26,814	29,632
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,887	30,220	30,221	29,643	31,008	29,603	27,245	32,171	34,988
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,685,905	112,020	107,645	53,170	45,975	8,495	1,605	2,775	5,573,880
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,085	24,496	24,448	23,405	27,101	16,127	22,854	26,685	30,197
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,505	32,950	32,883	31,593	35,307	27,830	31,465	36,425	40,657
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,972,645	113,395	108,860	56,350	45,185	7,330	1,875	2,660	4,859,255
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,320	8,004	7,935	7,677	8,405	6,280	9,715	9,008	7,301
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,590	9,299	9,281	9,227	9,350	9,266	10,038	9,528	8,573
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,627,775	96,950	93,425	46,590	39,440	7,395	1,300	2,225	4,530,825
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,286	24,889	24,864	23,980	27,219	18,437	22,131	26,972	31,424
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,382	32,864	32,868	31,727	34,889	29,277	29,890	34,451	40,543
Employment income statistics
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 78}	6,634,280	142,870	137,155	70,450	57,570	9,130	2,290	3,430	6,491,410
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	2,036,965	37,295	35,930	18,275	15,030	2,615	465	905	1,999,665
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 80}	47,111	43,935	44,005	43,023	45,174	45,302	42,041	41,185	47,179
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 81}	56,564	49,740	49,795	48,458	51,182	51,157	48,487	48,235	56,692
Composition of total income in 2015
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 82}	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 83}	84.4	77.8	77.8	76.4	79.3	77.7	72.7	80.0	84.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 84}	68.4	67.1	67.5	67.2	67.3	71.1	56.1	60.6	68.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 85}	15.6	22.2	22.2	23.6	20.7	22.3	27.2	20.0	15.5
Total income groups in 2015
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 86}	6,634,280	142,870	137,150	70,455	57,570	9,130	2,285	3,430	6,491,410
Without total income	217,270	6,405	6,160	3,940	1,885	335	95	155	210,865
With total income	6,417,010	136,465	130,995	66,510	55,685	8,795	2,195	3,275	6,280,545
Percentage with total income	96.7	95.5	95.5	94.4	96.7	96.3	96.1	95.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	787,550	24,100	23,425	13,535	7,940	1,950	325	355	763,450
$10,000 to $19,999	1,189,555	29,020	27,625	13,625	12,300	1,700	645	750	1,160,540
$20,000 to $29,999	976,655	20,470	19,580	10,035	8,310	1,235	320	565	956,185
$30,000 to $39,999	851,280	17,230	16,465	8,355	7,150	960	300	470	834,050
$40,000 to $49,999	747,815	14,175	13,615	6,700	6,080	835	230	330	733,645
$50,000 to $59,999	543,060	9,980	9,600	4,640	4,350	610	120	260	533,085
$60,000 to $69,999	374,685	6,990	6,735	3,375	2,940	420	70	180	367,695
$70,000 to $79,999	286,470	4,870	4,670	2,190	2,170	310	65	135	281,595
$80,000 to $89,999	189,465	3,150	3,070	1,360	1,465	240	30	55	186,310
$90,000 to $99,999	122,190	2,050	1,960	880	895	185	40	50	120,140
$100,000 and over	348,270	4,430	4,245	1,820	2,080	345	45	135	343,840
$100,000 to $149,999	236,085	3,490	3,350	1,450	1,610	285	35	100	232,600
$150,000 and over	112,190	945	900	370	465	65	15	35	111,240
After-tax income groups in 2015
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	6,634,280	142,870	137,155	70,450	57,565	9,130	2,285	3,430	6,491,410
Without after-tax income	215,840	6,385	6,140	3,930	1,875	335	95	155	209,450
With after-tax income	6,418,440	136,485	131,015	66,525	55,695	8,795	2,195	3,275	6,281,955
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	95.5	95.5	94.4	96.8	96.3	96.1	95.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	820,190	24,500	23,775	13,680	8,145	1,955	340	385	795,690
$10,000 to $19,999	1,248,665	30,175	28,740	14,090	12,890	1,760	650	785	1,218,495
$20,000 to $29,999	1,191,250	23,775	22,700	11,265	10,070	1,360	390	685	1,167,475
$30,000 to $39,999	1,095,650	20,680	19,785	9,560	9,010	1,215	365	530	1,074,970
$40,000 to $49,999	796,150	14,700	14,120	6,795	6,330	1,000	200	380	781,440
$50,000 to $59,999	499,275	9,575	9,240	4,655	4,025	565	120	215	489,700
$60,000 to $69,999	308,105	5,560	5,390	2,695	2,250	440	50	125	302,550
$70,000 to $79,999	167,435	3,250	3,165	1,600	1,350	210	40	45	164,180
$80,000 and over	291,720	4,270	4,100	2,190	1,625	290	35	135	287,455
$80,000 to $89,999	95,615	1,670	1,615	855	620	145	15	40	93,945
$90,000 to $99,999	55,880	960	915	500	360	55	10	45	54,920
$100,000 and over	140,225	1,635	1,570	840	645	90	10	45	138,595
Employment income groups in 2015
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 88}	6,634,280	142,870	137,155	70,455	57,570	9,130	2,285	3,430	6,491,410
Without employment income	2,006,505	45,920	43,725	23,860	18,130	1,740	990	1,205	1,960,585
With employment income	4,627,780	96,950	93,425	46,590	39,440	7,395	1,300	2,225	4,530,825
Percentage with employment income	69.8	67.9	68.1	66.1	68.5	81.0	56.9	64.9	69.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	606,970	16,610	15,985	8,505	5,610	1,870	300	325	590,355
$5,000 to $9,999	366,690	9,410	9,150	4,675	3,590	885	85	175	357,280
$10,000 to $19,999	681,975	15,970	15,350	7,555	6,655	1,140	220	410	666,000
$20,000 to $29,999	584,515	12,360	11,910	6,020	5,115	780	155	295	572,155
$30,000 to $39,999	566,165	11,305	10,855	5,420	4,800	640	185	270	554,855
$40,000 to $49,999	476,250	8,900	8,555	4,415	3,595	550	110	235	467,355
$50,000 to $59,999	360,640	6,770	6,555	3,075	3,050	440	70	145	353,865
$60,000 to $69,999	266,985	4,765	4,580	2,220	2,050	315	55	130	262,220
$70,000 to $79,999	224,465	3,505	3,385	1,620	1,575	195	40	80	220,960
$80,000 and over	493,140	7,355	7,105	3,090	3,410	605	85	165	485,785
$80,000 to $89,999	139,690	2,500	2,430	1,050	1,185	190	25	50	137,185
$90,000 to $99,999	93,305	1,535	1,480	650	680	155	20	35	91,765
$100,000 and over	260,150	3,315	3,195	1,395	1,545	260	40	85	256,835
Income statistics in 2015 for economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 89}	2,262,045	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,390	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,863	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,125	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,060	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	929,645	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,130	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,304	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,257	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,167	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	912,555	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,146	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,835	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,755	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	363,605	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,691	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,753	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,827	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,052	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for persons
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 90}	1,430,625	28,920	27,410	13,150	13,440	825	660	850	1,401,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 91}	29,187	23,350	23,365	22,367	24,264	23,745	19,141	27,573	29,313
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 92}	37,684	31,327	31,340	29,981	32,554	33,222	25,665	35,308	37,816
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 93}	26,692	22,257	22,279	21,455	22,981	22,804	19,103	25,579	26,781
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 94}	31,513	27,148	27,142	26,352	27,838	28,401	22,925	30,602	31,603
Economic family income decile group
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	7,965,450	182,885	175,955	92,655	69,365	13,940	2,760	4,170	7,782,560
In the bottom half of the distribution	4,578,510	118,975	114,450	60,535	45,075	8,835	1,965	2,560	4,459,530
In the bottom decile	743,975	29,045	27,960	16,880	9,720	1,365	570	510	714,930
In the second decile	898,890	24,080	22,965	12,225	9,055	1,680	520	595	874,815
In the third decile	1,001,135	23,635	22,800	11,425	9,200	2,180	345	490	977,505
In the fourth decile	995,560	22,175	21,360	10,535	9,015	1,815	305	510	973,385
In the fifth decile	938,945	20,040	19,360	9,480	8,090	1,795	220	460	918,900
In the top half of the distribution	3,386,945	63,910	61,505	32,115	24,285	5,105	795	1,610	3,323,030
In the sixth decile	884,355	17,975	17,235	8,805	6,840	1,590	325	415	866,380
In the seventh decile	805,210	15,665	15,150	7,580	6,175	1,390	135	385	789,550
In the eighth decile	698,655	13,555	13,080	6,870	5,105	1,105	140	345	685,095
In the ninth decile	558,290	10,655	10,310	5,770	3,855	685	115	230	547,635
In the top decile	440,435	6,060	5,735	3,090	2,310	330	80	240	434,375
Low-income status in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 96}	7,921,495	141,155	134,385	51,490	69,030	13,865	2,710	4,060	7,780,340
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,160,225	30,155	28,540	12,325	14,130	2,085	835	785	1,130,070
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	21.4	21.2	23.9	20.5	15.0	30.8	19.3	14.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	728,140	17,010	16,060	7,640	7,635	780	490	460	711,130
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	12.1	12.0	14.8	11.1	5.6	18.1	11.3	9.1

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 2

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 3

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 4

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 5

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 6

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit), but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 7

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 8

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family; Stepfamily status of couple family with children; and Relationship structure of stepfamily.

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Footnote 9

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 10

In an intact family, all children are the biological or adopted children of both persons in the couple. This category also includes children living in census families for whom it cannot be determined whether it is an intact family or a stepfamily.

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Footnote 11

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 12

In a simple stepfamily, none of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 13

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 14

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 15

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 17

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 19

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 26

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry in the census. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

In the Census of Population, some respondents may choose to provide very specific Aboriginal ancestries, while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different Aboriginal ancestries. For example, one respondent may report 'First Nations' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Ojibway' or 'Anishinaabe' ancestry; one respondent may report 'North American Indian' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Coast Salish' or 'Cowichan.' As a result, Aboriginal ancestry data are fluid, and counts for specific origins may seem different than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ancestries together.

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Footnote 28

Includes general responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Anishinaabe') as well as more specific responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Nipissing').

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Footnote 29

Includes general responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Blackfoot') as well as more specific responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Siksika,' 'Piikani').

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Footnote 30

Includes general responses indicating Dene ancestry (e.g., 'Dene').

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Footnote 31

Includes general responses indicating Iroquois ancestry (e.g., 'Iroquois,' 'Haudenosaunee') as well as more specific responses indicating Iroquois origins (e.g., 'Seneca,' 'Onondaga,' 'Tuscarora').

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Footnote 32

Includes general responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Salish') as well as more specific responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Coast Salish,' 'Interior Salish,' 'K'omoks,' 'Saanich').

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Footnote 33

Includes general responses indicating Sioux ancestry (e.g., 'Sioux').

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Footnote 34

Includes general responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Tutchone') as well as more specific responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Northern Tutchone,' 'Southern Tutchone').

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Footnote 35

Includes general responses indicating First Nations ancestry (e.g., 'First Nations,' 'North American Indian') as well as more specific responses indicating First Nations ancestry that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Passamaquoddy,' 'Crow,' 'Cheyenne,' 'Athabascan').

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Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 37

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

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Footnote 38

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 39

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Footnote 40

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 41

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 42

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 43

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 44

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 45

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 46

Here, 'postsecondary certificate or diploma' includes the categories 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' and 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma.'

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Footnote 47

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 48

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 49

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 51

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 52

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 54

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 55

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 56

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 57

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 58

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 59

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called 'labour force activity.'

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Footnote 60

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 61

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 62

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 63

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 64

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 65

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015, persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 66

Full time is 30 hours or more per week.

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Footnote 67

Part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 69

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 70

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed, and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 71

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 72

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 73

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 74

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 75

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 76

The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 77

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 78

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 79

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 81

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 82

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 83

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 84

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 85

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 91

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 92

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 93

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 94

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 95

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 96

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Quebec [Province] (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Date modified:: 2019-06-19

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Quebec [Province]

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province]