Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Sex Information - Sex

Age groups Information - Age

The table shows aboriginal identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by sex and age groups.
Characteristic	Ottawa, CV Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Ottawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Ottawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Related data - Ottawa, CV
	Total - Sex, Total - Age groups
	Total - Population in private households by Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 1}	Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 2}	Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 3}	First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 4}	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 5}	Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 6}	Non-Aboriginal identity
Average age and median age
Total - Average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	916,855	22,955	21,815	11,190	9,475	1,150	545	595	893,900
Average age	39.5	34.4	34.4	34.1	35.6	26.7	30.6	39.0	39.7
Median age	39.5	32.6	32.7	32.6	33.9	23.8	26.9	38.9	39.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 7}	761,420	18,485	17,610	9,065	7,765	780	375	495	742,940
Married or living common law	433,950	8,600	8,220	4,330	3,565	320	115	265	425,350
Married	362,880	5,795	5,485	2,775	2,620	90	75	235	357,080
Living common law	71,070	2,805	2,730	1,555	945	230	40	35	68,265
Not married and not living common law	327,470	9,880	9,390	4,735	4,195	460	260	230	317,590
Never married	231,375	7,395	7,040	3,620	3,065	355	165	190	223,975
Separated	20,680	605	590	305	255	30	0	10	20,075
Divorced	44,685	1,450	1,350	620	680	55	70	30	43,235
Widowed	30,730	430	410	190	195	20	10	10	30,300
Family characteristics
Total - Family characteristics for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 8}	916,860	22,960	21,815	11,190	9,475	1,150	550	595	893,900
Married spouses and common-law partners	427,325	8,510	8,135	4,290	3,525	315	110	265	418,815
Married spouses	356,250	5,700	5,405	2,740	2,580	85	70	230	350,545
Common-law partners	71,070	2,805	2,730	1,555	945	230	45	35	68,265
Lone parents (in lone-parent census families)	41,155	1,470	1,435	760	605	75	20	10	39,680
Children in census families (as in sons, daughters or grandchildren)	279,745	7,765	7,335	3,620	3,200	515	235	195	271,985
Living with two biological or adoptive parents^{Census data footnote 9}	194,840	4,205	3,915	1,840	1,830	240	170	115	190,640
In an intact family^{Census data footnote 10}	189,640	4,010	3,725	1,740	1,755	230	175	110	185,630
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 11}	5,200	190	190	100	75	15	0	10	5,010
Living with one biological or adoptive parent and one step-parent	18,530	785	740	345	350	50	15	30	17,745
In a simple stepfamily^{Census data footnote 12}	11,105	440	430	215	185	30	0	10	10,670
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 13}	7,425	345	310	125	160	20	10	20	7,080
Living with one parent in a lone-parent census family^{Census data footnote 14}	65,140	2,685	2,590	1,375	1,000	215	50	50	62,455
With a male lone parent	12,320	550	520	270	175	70	10	25	11,765
With a female lone parent	52,820	2,135	2,070	1,100	825	140	40	30	50,685
Living with grandparents without parents present	1,235	90	90	65	20	10	0	0	1,145
With two grandparents without parents present	525	40	40	30	0	10	0	0	490
With one grandparent without parents present	710	50	50	35	15	0	0	0	660
Persons not in census families	168,635	5,215	4,910	2,520	2,140	245	175	130	163,420
Living with other relatives	19,965	550	515	315	175	35	35	10	19,410
Foster children	365	70	60	35	10	20	0	0	300
Living with non-relatives only or alone	148,300	4,595	4,330	2,175	1,965	190	140	125	143,710
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 15}	916,855	22,955	21,815	11,190	9,475	1,145	550	595	893,900
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 16}	5,970	5,965	5,365	4,650	710	0	105	495	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	910,890	16,990	16,450	6,540	8,765	1,140	445	100	893,900
Aboriginal ancestry
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 17}	916,855	22,960	21,815	11,195	9,475	1,150	550	595	893,900
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 18}	4,135	3,365	3,315	1,965	855	490	35	20	770
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 19}	4,060	3,305	3,255	1,940	825	490	35	15	750
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 20}	2,660	2,100	2,065	1,940	125	0	20	15	560
Métis single ancestry	880	705	700	0	700	0	0	0	175
Inuit single ancestry	520	500	485	10	0	485	10	0	20
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 21}	80	60	60	20	35	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	55	50	45	15	35	0	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 22}	38,340	16,295	15,700	7,795	7,310	595	470	130	22,045
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 23}	37,375	15,595	15,165	7,735	6,850	585	295	135	21,780
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,910	9,215	9,005	7,630	1,365	10	100	110	16,700
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10,600	5,750	5,545	100	5,445	0	185	20	4,850
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	865	630	615	10	35	575	10	0	235
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 24}	965	700	530	60	460	10	170	0	265
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	870	630	490	45	450	0	140	0	235
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	45	20	10	0	10	25	0	15
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	15	0	15	0	10	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 25}	874,380	3,290	2,810	1,440	1,310	60	40	445	871,085
Aboriginal ancestry responses
Total - Aboriginal ancestry responses for the population in private household - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	916,855	22,960	21,815	11,190	9,475	1,145	550	600	893,900
Total Aboriginal ancestry^{Census data footnote 27}	42,475	19,665	19,005	9,755	8,165	1,085	505	145	22,815
First Nations ancestry	29,575	12,055	11,640	9,645	1,975	25	285	125	17,525
Abenaki	200	110	105	65	45	0	0	0	90
Algonquin	2,995	1,650	1,545	1,190	355	0	55	45	1,345
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 28}	140	85	85	75	10	0	0	0	50
Apache	25	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver (Dunne-za)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 29}	220	100	100	80	20	0	0	0	120
Blood (Kainai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier (Dakelh)	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	240	55	55	50	0	0	0	0	185
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	20	20	20	25	0	0	0	0	0
Cowichan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree	2,795	1,575	1,485	1,070	415	0	85	10	1,220
Dakota	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Delaware (Lenape)	30	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	10
Dene Tha (Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 30}	20	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	375	150	145	80	55	10	10	0	230
Innu/Montagnais	195	65	65	45	20	0	10	0	135
Iroquois, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 31}	685	215	195	110	85	0	20	0	470
Kaska	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)	15	15	15	20	0	0	0	0	0
Lakota	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Maliseet	145	80	80	80	0	0	0	0	65
Mi'kmaq	3,335	1,390	1,335	985	350	0	15	35	1,945
Mohawk	1,535	920	900	795	105	0	0	15	615
Musqueam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Navajo	20	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	15
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuxalk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odawa	90	80	85	80	0	0	0	0	10
Ojibway	1,800	1,425	1,370	1,145	220	0	55	0	370
Oji-Cree	50	45	45	45	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan (Syilx)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	20	15	10	15	0	0	0	0	10
Potawatomi	30	30	30	35	0	0	0	0	0
Sahtu (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 32}	60	30	25	25	0	0	0	0	35
Saulteaux	45	45	45	40	10	0	0	0	0
Sechelt (Shishalh)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sioux, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 33}	85	30	30	20	0	0	0	0	55
Squamish	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	10
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sto:lo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney (Nakoda)	15	15	15	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	40	35	35	30	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 34}	10	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Wet'suwet'en	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations ancestry, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 35}	15,485	4,735	4,650	4,160	475	15	75	15	10,745
Métis ancestry	12,455	7,160	6,800	155	6,635	10	340	20	5,295
Inuit ancestry	1,500	1,215	1,155	35	50	1,075	55	0	285
Non-Aboriginal ancestry	912,725	19,590	18,500	9,230	8,620	655	515	580	893,130
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 36}	916,855	22,960	21,815	11,190	9,475	1,150	545	595	893,900
English only	544,965	13,435	12,780	7,445	4,320	1,010	315	340	531,535
French only	12,405	150	145	55	90	10	0	0	12,255
English and French	345,765	9,350	8,865	3,670	5,065	135	235	255	336,410
Neither English nor French	13,720	25	25	20	0	0	0	0	13,700
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 37}	916,855	22,960	21,815	11,190	9,480	1,145	545	595	893,895
English	744,160	18,160	17,240	9,565	6,560	1,110	460	470	725,995
French	138,080	4,670	4,455	1,565	2,850	35	85	130	133,410
English and French	21,185	105	100	45	55	0	0	0	21,075
Neither English nor French	13,440	20	20	15	0	0	0	0	13,415
Official language minority
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 38}	148,670	4,725	4,505	1,590	2,880	35	90	125	143,950
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 39}	16.2	20.6	20.7	14.2	30.4	3.1	16.5	21.0	16.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 40}	916,860	22,960	21,815	11,190	9,475	1,150	545	595	893,900
Official languages	716,535	22,265	21,140	10,815	9,460	870	530	590	694,275
English	586,550	17,545	16,635	9,235	6,570	830	450	460	569,000
French	143,750	5,335	5,095	1,845	3,210	45	100	140	138,420
Non-official languages	221,380	900	880	460	45	380	20	10	220,470
Aboriginal languages	805	805	785	400	0	380	20	0	10
Algonquian languages	375	375	370	360	10	0	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	165	165	160	155	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	20	20	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	25	25	30	25	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	40	35	40	35	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	65	65	65	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	15	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	15	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	190	185	185	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquin	35	35	35	30	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	140	140	135	130	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	20	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	395	395	385	0	0	375	15	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	10	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	350	345	330	10	0	330	10	0	0
Inuvialuktun	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	40	35	35	0	0	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	20	25	20	25	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	15	15	20	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	220,570	95	95	55	35	10	0	0	220,470
Language spoken at home
Total - Language spoken at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 41}	916,860	22,955	21,815	11,190	9,475	1,145	550	595	893,900
Official languages	865,165	22,850	21,710	11,135	9,470	1,105	550	595	842,315
English	814,345	21,900	20,790	10,795	8,910	1,090	540	570	792,450
French	170,780	5,410	5,160	1,895	3,210	50	100	155	165,370
Non-official languages	212,580	1,065	1,035	500	140	400	20	10	211,520
Aboriginal languages	775	750	730	335	10	390	20	0	25
Algonquian languages	315	305	300	295	10	0	0	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	155	150	150	145	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Moose Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	20	15	15	20	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	25	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	35	35	35	30	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	65	60	65	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	145	145	140	135	10	0	10	0	0
Algonquin	15	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	120	120	115	115	0	0	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	15	15	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	425	405	390	0	0	390	15	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	395	380	365	0	0	365	15	0	20
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	20	25	0	0	25	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	35	35	40	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	211,810	320	315	170	130	10	0	10	211,490
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 42}	916,855	22,955	21,815	11,190	9,475	1,145	545	595	893,900
Official languages	903,135	22,935	21,795	11,175	9,470	1,150	545	595	880,205
English	890,730	22,785	21,645	11,120	9,385	1,145	545	590	867,950
French	358,165	9,505	9,010	3,725	5,150	135	235	255	348,670
Non-official languages	276,220	1,975	1,890	945	455	495	45	35	274,250
Aboriginal languages	1,140	1,050	1,015	530	10	480	35	0	90
Algonquian languages	490	470	455	445	10	0	15	0	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	210	195	200	195	0	0	0	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	20	15	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	25	30	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	50	55	55	50	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	15	20	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	80	80	75	75	0	0	0	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	30	30	25	0	0	0	0	10
Malecite	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	15	15	20	0	0	0	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	255	255	235	235	0	0	15	0	0
Algonquin	45	45	45	40	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	200	190	175	175	0	0	15	0	10
Oji-Cree	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	15	10	15	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	20	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	585	520	495	10	0	480	25	0	65
Inuinnaqtun	10	10	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	525	470	445	15	0	435	25	0	60
Inuvialuktun	10	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	40	40	0	0	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	55	50	55	55	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	55	55	50	50	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	275,145	960	915	455	445	10	20	35	274,180
Mobility status
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago for the population aged 1 year and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 43}	907,585	22,615	21,490	11,035	9,355	1,100	535	590	884,965
Non-movers	784,725	18,180	17,220	8,710	7,725	785	440	525	766,545
Movers	122,860	4,435	4,275	2,320	1,635	315	100	65	118,420
Non-migrants	85,915	3,260	3,155	1,695	1,225	235	60	50	82,655
Migrants	36,945	1,175	1,115	630	410	75	40	15	35,770
Internal migrants	24,555	1,115	1,070	605	385	75	35	10	23,435
Intraprovincial migrants	13,885	570	545	355	170	25	25	0	13,310
Interprovincial migrants	10,670	545	525	250	215	55	15	15	10,125
External migrants	12,390	55	50	20	25	0	10	0	12,335
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago for the population aged 5 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	868,135	21,430	20,365	10,450	8,915	1,000	495	570	846,700
Non-movers	524,030	10,450	9,865	4,805	4,735	330	260	325	513,585
Movers	344,095	10,980	10,495	5,645	4,185	670	240	250	333,120
Non-migrants	228,065	7,500	7,145	3,880	2,960	300	150	195	220,570
Migrants	116,030	3,485	3,350	1,765	1,215	370	85	45	112,545
Internal migrants	74,770	3,350	3,215	1,685	1,170	360	80	45	71,420
Intraprovincial migrants	42,440	1,765	1,680	1,030	630	25	65	15	40,680
Interprovincial migrants	32,325	1,585	1,535	660	540	340	15	25	30,740
External migrants	41,265	140	130	80	45	10	10	10	41,130
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	761,420	18,480	17,605	9,065	7,765	780	375	500	742,940
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	102,520	3,570	3,420	1,860	1,245	310	60	90	98,945
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	93,225	3,160	3,020	1,625	1,105	285	60	85	90,060
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate or diploma^{Census data footnote 46}	9,290	405	400	240	140	20	0	0	8,885
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate	658,905	14,910	14,190	7,200	6,520	470	315	410	643,995
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	183,115	5,205	4,935	2,540	2,200	195	115	155	177,905
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 47}	475,795	9,705	9,255	4,660	4,320	275	200	255	466,085
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	761,420	18,480	17,610	9,065	7,765	780	375	495	742,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	93,230	3,160	3,015	1,625	1,105	285	60	85	90,060
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 49}	183,110	5,210	4,940	2,540	2,200	195	115	155	177,905
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	31,325	1,030	995	465	490	30	20	20	30,290
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 50}	17,275	575	565	245	295	20	10	0	16,695
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 51}	14,050	455	435	220	200	15	10	10	13,600
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	152,100	4,815	4,590	2,405	2,010	175	115	120	147,285
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,955	295	280	140	130	10	10	0	14,650
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	286,700	3,965	3,790	1,885	1,830	80	65	115	282,735
Bachelor's degree	175,935	2,660	2,550	1,275	1,220	55	45	65	173,280
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Census data footnote 52}	110,760	1,310	1,240	610	610	25	20	45	109,455
Major field of study
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	761,420	18,485	17,605	9,060	7,765	780	375	495	742,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 54}	276,335	8,365	7,950	4,165	3,305	480	175	240	267,970
Education	26,615	390	370	185	165	20	0	20	26,225
13. Education	26,620	390	370	180	165	20	10	15	26,230
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	17,295	405	375	200	165	10	10	15	16,895
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,570	80	75	35	40	0	0	0	3,490
50. Visual and performing arts	13,725	320	305	165	125	10	0	15	13,405
Humanities	33,380	530	500	245	240	10	20	10	32,850
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,220	50	50	10	35	10	0	0	5,175
23. English language and literature/letters	8,905	145	135	65	70	10	0	10	8,760
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,170	125	110	70	40	0	10	10	6,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 55}	330	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	315
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,375	25	30	10	20	0	0	0	2,350
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,760	20	20	20	10	0	0	0	1,735
54. History	6,515	130	115	50	65	0	10	0	6,385
55. French language and literature/letters	2,105	25	25	10	0	0	0	0	2,085
Social and behavioural sciences and law	87,805	2,000	1,910	1,040	795	75	55	40	85,800
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,400	150	135	90	25	20	0	0	1,250
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,215	200	190	85	95	0	10	0	9,015
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,930	205	200	85	95	15	10	10	8,725
22. Legal professions and studies	13,860	445	430	270	160	0	15	10	13,415
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 56}	1,770	35	40	25	10	0	0	0	1,730
42. Psychology	13,200	325	310	160	140	10	10	10	12,875
45. Social sciences	39,430	635	600	320	270	15	15	20	38,790
Business, management and public administration	94,580	1,945	1,875	905	895	70	30	45	92,635
30.16 Accounting and computer science	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,805	365	340	160	170	15	15	0	9,440
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	84,605	1,585	1,530	750	725	60	20	35	83,025
Physical and life sciences and technologies	26,185	355	335	165	165	0	0	20	25,835
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	12,930	210	190	110	80	0	0	15	12,720
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,795	55	50	25	20	0	0	0	3,740
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 57}	280	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	265
40. Physical sciences	8,435	65	65	20	40	0	0	0	8,370
41. Science technologies/technicians	750	15	15	0	15	0	0	0	735
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	34,215	580	560	275	280	10	15	10	33,630
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25,670	490	480	235	240	0	10	10	25,175
25. Library science	2,620	40	40	20	20	0	0	0	2,575
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,895	50	40	20	20	0	10	0	4,845
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 58}	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	77,660	1,360	1,305	690	590	35	15	35	76,300
04. Architecture and related services	4,440	70	70	40	25	0	0	0	4,370
14. Engineering	35,325	200	190	120	70	0	10	10	35,125
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	16,760	435	425	240	170	10	0	10	16,320
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30
46. Construction trades	8,340	285	280	155	120	0	0	10	8,055
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,425	270	250	110	120	15	10	15	9,155
48. Precision production	3,330	100	100	20	80	0	0	0	3,230
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,685	170	170	95	75	10	0	0	6,515
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,650	70	70	45	25	0	0	0	3,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,035	100	95	45	50	0	0	0	2,935
Health and related fields	59,740	1,455	1,370	630	715	30	40	50	58,280
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,840	105	105	40	60	0	10	0	5,735
51. Health professions and related programs	51,710	1,345	1,265	580	655	25	35	45	50,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,190	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,185
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,855	925	885	470	375	40	25	15	19,930
12. Personal and culinary services	11,270	435	425	240	165	15	0	0	10,835
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	755	35	35	15	20	0	0	0	715
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	430	20	15	10	10	0	0	0	415
43. Security and protective services	6,185	315	295	150	135	10	15	0	5,870
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,210	120	115	55	55	10	0	10	2,090
Other	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70
Labour force status
Total - Labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% Sample data^{Census data footnote 59}	761,420	18,485	17,605	9,065	7,765	775	380	500	742,940
In the labour force	513,660	12,715	12,170	6,270	5,475	420	235	315	500,940
Employed	476,540	11,445	10,945	5,595	5,025	330	195	300	465,095
Unemployed	37,115	1,270	1,225	675	455	90	30	15	35,850
Not in the labour force	247,760	5,765	5,440	2,795	2,290	355	150	180	242,000
Participation rate	67.5	68.8	69.1	69.2	70.5	54.2	61.8	63.0	67.4
Employment rate	62.6	61.9	62.2	61.7	64.7	42.6	51.3	60.0	62.6
Unemployment rate	7.2	10.0	10.1	10.8	8.3	21.4	12.8	4.8	7.2
Class of worker
Total - Class of worker for the labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 60}	513,655	12,715	12,170	6,275	5,475	420	230	320	500,940
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 61}	12,570	465	450	300	120	30	0	10	12,105
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 62}	501,090	12,250	11,715	5,970	5,355	390	230	310	488,840
Employee	450,125	11,315	10,840	5,535	4,950	350	200	270	438,805
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 63}	50,965	935	875	435	400	35	25	35	50,030
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 64}	761,420	18,485	17,610	9,065	7,765	775	375	500	742,940
Did not work^{Census data footnote 65}	235,435	5,525	5,240	2,785	2,110	350	120	165	229,910
Worked	525,985	12,950	12,365	6,275	5,655	435	255	335	513,035
Worked full time^{Census data footnote 66}	403,005	9,850	9,420	4,825	4,235	355	170	260	393,160
1 to 13 weeks	14,015	485	460	220	190	55	10	15	13,530
14 to 26 weeks	22,490	645	610	310	255	45	30	10	21,840
27 to 39 weeks	19,370	560	545	275	220	45	10	10	18,815
40 to 48 weeks	60,895	1,330	1,255	595	605	55	30	45	59,560
49 to 52 weeks	286,230	6,825	6,550	3,425	2,970	155	90	185	279,410
Worked part time^{Census data footnote 67}	122,980	3,105	2,950	1,450	1,420	80	85	70	119,875
1 to 13 weeks	25,125	720	670	360	285	20	20	30	24,410
14 to 26 weeks	23,995	575	540	265	245	20	20	20	23,415
27 to 39 weeks	15,170	390	385	180	200	10	10	0	14,775
40 to 48 weeks	21,695	480	475	215	260	0	0	0	21,215
49 to 52 weeks	36,990	930	880	435	425	25	30	20	36,060
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	42.2	42.2	42.3	42.6	35.8	37.8	42.7	43.3
Occupation
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - for the labour force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	513,655	12,715	12,170	6,275	5,475	420	230	315	500,940
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 69}	12,565	465	455	300	120	30	0	0	12,105
All occupations^{Census data footnote 70}	501,090	12,250	11,715	5,970	5,355	390	225	310	488,840
0 Management occupations	60,330	1,225	1,170	585	550	35	10	45	59,105
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	91,295	2,425	2,305	1,155	1,080	75	65	55	88,870
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	61,740	1,005	960	550	400	10	0	40	60,735
3 Health occupations	32,880	650	625	260	335	25	0	20	32,240
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	81,805	1,915	1,845	965	795	90	30	35	79,890
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	19,320	390	360	170	175	20	20	10	18,930
6 Sales and service occupations	107,655	3,105	2,965	1,525	1,345	95	70	70	104,550
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	36,775	1,245	1,185	590	560	40	20	40	35,530
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,350	165	165	95	65	10	0	0	4,180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,935	130	120	75	45	0	10	10	4,810
Industry
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the labour Force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 71}	513,655	12,715	12,165	6,270	5,475	420	230	320	500,940
Industry - NAICS 2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 72}	12,570	465	455	300	120	35	0	10	12,100
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 73}	501,090	12,250	11,715	5,970	5,355	385	225	310	488,840
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,245	55	50	25	25	0	0	0	2,190
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	490	30	30	10	0	15	0	0	465
22 Utilities	1,290	35	35	15	20	0	0	0	1,250
23 Construction	23,130	745	710	375	310	20	10	30	22,380
31-33 Manufacturing	15,670	305	290	170	110	10	0	15	15,370
41 Wholesale trade	11,890	235	235	60	170	0	0	0	11,655
44-45 Retail trade	52,590	1,415	1,325	665	620	35	50	45	51,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	14,445	325	315	140	135	40	10	0	14,120
51 Information and cultural industries	13,975	265	250	125	110	15	10	10	13,715
52 Finance and insurance	16,545	370	335	150	185	10	10	20	16,170
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	9,150	205	185	80	105	0	10	10	8,950
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	51,965	775	740	390	335	15	15	30	51,195
55 Management of companies and enterprises	410	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	400
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	21,845	795	760	445	295	25	20	10	21,060
61 Educational services	40,890	685	660	335	315	15	0	15	40,200
62 Health care and social assistance	54,615	1,315	1,285	605	605	80	10	20	53,305
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,005	240	220	125	90	0	10	10	9,765
72 Accommodation and food services	33,720	920	875	515	330	25	10	35	32,800
81 Other services (except public administration)	20,860	570	555	300	230	30	10	10	20,295
91 Public administration	105,350	2,975	2,860	1,460	1,350	50	55	55	102,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 74}	476,540	11,445	10,945	5,595	5,025	330	200	300	465,095
Worked at home	34,570	635	595	305	275	15	15	30	33,925
Worked outside Canada	2,130	15	15	10	10	0	0	0	2,115
No fixed workplace address	39,370	1,145	1,100	550	495	50	15	35	38,225
Worked at usual place	400,475	9,645	9,235	4,735	4,245	260	170	235	390,830
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	400,475	9,640	9,240	4,735	4,240	260	170	235	390,830
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	370,515	8,750	8,375	4,225	3,935	220	155	220	361,760
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,795	225	215	140	75	0	0	0	8,570
Commute to a different province or territory	21,175	670	650	370	240	40	0	10	20,505
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 75}	439,850	10,790	10,335	5,285	4,735	310	185	270	429,055
Car, truck, van - as a driver	275,620	6,070	5,790	2,830	2,840	115	100	180	269,550
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,250	640	620	365	230	25	0	15	24,605
Public transit	90,690	2,690	2,585	1,405	1,070	105	60	45	88,000
Walked	32,450	1,025	990	500	460	35	10	25	31,425
Bicycle	11,460	240	230	115	95	20	10	0	11,225
Other method	4,375	120	120	70	40	15	0	0	4,260
Language used at work
Total - Language used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 76}	540,925	13,375	12,775	6,485	5,810	475	260	335	527,550
Official languages	539,200	13,360	12,760	6,470	5,810	480	260	340	525,845
English	531,140	13,235	12,640	6,425	5,735	480	255	335	517,910
French	152,555	4,570	4,375	1,790	2,555	35	85	105	147,990
Non-official languages	17,780	275	270	115	30	125	0	0	17,505
Aboriginal languages	260	215	210	85	0	125	10	0	50
Algonquian languages	75	70	60	60	0	0	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	45	40	40	35	0	0	0	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	20	20	15	20	0	0	0	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	30	20	20	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	30	25	25	0	0	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	165	130	130	0	0	125	0	0	35
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	165	120	120	0	0	115	0	0	40
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	20	20	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	20	15	15	0	0	0	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	17,515	60	60	30	25	0	0	0	17,455
Income statistics in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 77}	761,420	18,485	17,605	9,060	7,765	780	375	500	742,940
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	728,085	17,490	16,655	8,530	7,390	735	365	475	710,595
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,897	34,567	34,622	32,539	38,417	21,842	28,462	37,994	42,090
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,605	45,868	45,640	44,010	48,879	31,929	37,219	60,573	54,820
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	728,355	17,495	16,655	8,530	7,390	730	365	475	710,865
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,149	31,056	31,121	29,418	34,480	21,463	26,769	34,448	37,294
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,428	38,298	38,217	37,081	40,552	27,874	32,237	45,839	44,579
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	663,595	14,855	14,090	7,060	6,530	500	310	455	648,745
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,819	37,569	37,933	36,397	40,441	31,180	30,588	34,437	41,927
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,792	48,207	48,173	47,231	49,994	37,643	35,412	57,828	54,942
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	502,790	12,430	11,800	6,025	5,180	595	295	335	490,360
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,213	3,888	3,848	3,737	3,644	5,428	6,005	3,739	3,192
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,757	6,934	6,890	6,954	6,719	7,736	9,196	6,478	6,753
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,025	13,305	12,675	6,390	5,815	475	275	355	532,720
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,055	37,108	37,426	35,713	39,586	28,438	25,576	35,547	41,157
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,088	46,207	46,257	45,102	48,379	35,746	33,739	54,077	53,260
Employment income statistics
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 78}	761,420	18,480	17,605	9,060	7,765	780	375	500	742,935
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	279,480	6,710	6,435	3,350	2,940	150	85	180	272,770
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 80}	65,546	57,449	57,999	56,311	60,260	47,764	43,222	49,963	65,805
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 81}	75,111	65,662	65,963	63,864	68,978	53,873	58,047	58,734	75,344
Composition of total income in 2015
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 82}	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 83}	91.5	89.3	89.3	88.8	90.4	80.2	80.8	92.4	91.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 84}	72.9	76.6	77.1	76.8	77.9	72.4	68.3	67.4	72.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 85}	8.5	10.7	10.7	11.2	9.6	19.9	20.3	7.5	8.5
Total income groups in 2015
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 86}	761,420	18,480	17,605	9,060	7,765	780	375	495	742,940
Without total income	33,335	990	955	530	375	45	15	30	32,350
With total income	728,085	17,490	16,655	8,530	7,395	735	365	475	710,590
Percentage with total income	95.6	94.6	94.6	94.2	95.2	94.2	97.3	96.0	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	99,120	2,565	2,415	1,290	900	230	65	90	96,550
$10,000 to $19,999	107,585	3,415	3,260	1,750	1,390	120	85	70	104,170
$20,000 to $29,999	77,645	2,000	1,930	1,000	825	100	40	30	75,640
$30,000 to $39,999	66,755	1,675	1,585	855	685	50	35	50	65,080
$40,000 to $49,999	63,705	1,535	1,455	760	650	50	40	40	62,165
$50,000 to $59,999	58,380	1,415	1,345	640	635	65	20	50	56,970
$60,000 to $69,999	51,445	1,260	1,190	555	600	35	40	30	50,185
$70,000 to $79,999	41,900	820	795	340	425	25	0	20	41,080
$80,000 to $89,999	36,435	700	660	300	350	10	0	30	35,735
$90,000 to $99,999	32,375	570	555	295	240	10	10	15	31,800
$100,000 and over	92,745	1,535	1,465	745	685	30	20	45	91,215
$100,000 to $149,999	65,655	1,165	1,125	585	505	35	25	20	64,490
$150,000 and over	27,095	365	340	165	175	0	0	25	26,725
After-tax income groups in 2015
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	761,420	18,480	17,605	9,065	7,765	780	375	500	742,940
Without after-tax income	33,060	990	955	535	375	45	15	25	32,075
With after-tax income	728,360	17,490	16,650	8,530	7,390	730	365	470	710,865
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	94.6	94.6	94.1	95.2	93.6	97.3	94.0	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	103,450	2,620	2,465	1,320	920	225	60	95	100,825
$10,000 to $19,999	111,650	3,500	3,350	1,795	1,435	125	85	60	108,155
$20,000 to $29,999	90,205	2,355	2,250	1,245	900	110	45	55	87,850
$30,000 to $39,999	82,255	2,025	1,920	925	925	70	45	60	80,230
$40,000 to $49,999	78,595	1,950	1,850	935	850	75	40	55	76,645
$50,000 to $59,999	68,215	1,565	1,485	705	745	35	40	40	66,645
$60,000 to $69,999	54,250	1,085	1,045	445	565	40	10	35	53,165
$70,000 to $79,999	45,940	860	820	390	395	35	15	25	45,080
$80,000 and over	93,795	1,525	1,465	775	665	20	15	45	92,270
$80,000 to $89,999	32,795	575	560	315	240	0	10	0	32,220
$90,000 to $99,999	19,525	345	335	185	140	10	0	10	19,185
$100,000 and over	41,475	610	565	270	280	15	10	30	40,865
Employment income groups in 2015
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 88}	761,420	18,480	17,605	9,065	7,770	780	380	495	742,940
Without employment income	215,395	5,175	4,930	2,670	1,950	305	100	145	210,220
With employment income	546,025	13,310	12,680	6,390	5,815	475	275	350	532,720
Percentage with employment income	71.7	72.0	72.0	70.5	74.8	60.9	72.4	70.7	71.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	67,190	1,545	1,425	785	550	90	50	75	65,645
$5,000 to $9,999	40,865	1,085	1,015	485	480	45	45	20	39,785
$10,000 to $19,999	64,750	1,790	1,725	840	820	65	25	40	62,960
$20,000 to $29,999	50,410	1,400	1,340	715	580	45	25	25	49,010
$30,000 to $39,999	44,805	1,155	1,090	555	495	40	50	15	43,650
$40,000 to $49,999	43,580	1,245	1,195	610	535	50	20	30	42,330
$50,000 to $59,999	41,290	1,135	1,095	525	520	55	10	30	40,155
$60,000 to $69,999	35,930	980	930	480	425	20	25	35	34,950
$70,000 to $79,999	29,880	660	640	280	335	25	10	15	29,225
$80,000 and over	127,325	2,320	2,230	1,120	1,065	45	25	65	125,005
$80,000 to $89,999	29,190	620	600	295	300	10	0	20	28,565
$90,000 to $99,999	26,525	470	465	205	245	15	0	10	26,055
$100,000 and over	71,615	1,225	1,165	615	525	30	20	40	70,385
Income statistics in 2015 for economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 89}	253,435	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	108,922	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	128,219	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,526	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	104,030	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	92,930	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,159	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	121,150	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,514	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	97,430	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	114,325	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	138,185	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	154,772	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,688	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,814	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	38,635	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,808	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	72,479	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,460	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,341	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for persons
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 90}	148,305	4,590	4,330	2,175	1,960	190	135	125	143,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 91}	38,722	28,768	28,833	24,954	33,842	19,775	25,374	29,107	39,048
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 92}	48,967	38,708	38,575	36,616	41,413	31,705	34,148	48,391	49,295
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 93}	34,646	26,409	26,489	23,988	30,790	18,623	23,485	25,779	34,904
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 94}	40,421	33,219	33,108	31,585	35,356	27,353	29,949	40,675	40,651
Economic family income decile group
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	916,855	22,955	21,815	11,195	9,475	1,150	550	600	893,900
In the bottom half of the distribution	351,445	10,890	10,385	5,680	4,000	705	300	210	340,555
In the bottom decile	87,030	3,610	3,490	2,090	1,055	345	75	45	83,420
In the second decile	67,760	2,080	1,985	1,025	820	135	55	40	65,685
In the third decile	61,735	1,685	1,575	850	670	55	65	35	60,045
In the fourth decile	63,975	1,680	1,615	815	690	105	50	15	62,295
In the fifth decile	70,950	1,840	1,715	895	765	60	50	65	69,110
In the top half of the distribution	565,410	12,065	11,430	5,510	5,475	445	245	390	553,345
In the sixth decile	80,545	2,100	2,010	1,035	905	75	45	40	78,445
In the seventh decile	92,620	2,270	2,165	1,075	1,000	90	35	70	90,345
In the eighth decile	109,870	2,380	2,270	1,040	1,110	120	30	75	107,490
In the ninth decile	138,200	2,720	2,500	1,205	1,230	70	90	130	135,480
In the top decile	144,180	2,600	2,475	1,155	1,235	85	50	70	141,580
Low-income status in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 96}	916,855	22,955	21,815	11,190	9,475	1,145	550	600	893,900
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,175	4,300	4,155	2,360	1,385	410	110	30	110,880
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.6	18.7	19.0	21.1	14.6	35.8	20.0	5.0	12.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	98,985	3,950	3,800	2,210	1,210	380	100	50	95,035
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.8	17.2	17.4	19.7	12.8	33.2	18.2	8.3	10.6

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 2

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 3

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 4

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 5

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 6

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit), but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 7

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 8

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family; Stepfamily status of couple family with children; and Relationship structure of stepfamily.

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Footnote 9

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 10

In an intact family, all children are the biological or adopted children of both persons in the couple. This category also includes children living in census families for whom it cannot be determined whether it is an intact family or a stepfamily.

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Footnote 11

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 12

In a simple stepfamily, none of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 13

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 14

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 15

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 17

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 19

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 26

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry in the census. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

In the Census of Population, some respondents may choose to provide very specific Aboriginal ancestries, while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different Aboriginal ancestries. For example, one respondent may report 'First Nations' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Ojibway' or 'Anishinaabe' ancestry; one respondent may report 'North American Indian' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Coast Salish' or 'Cowichan.' As a result, Aboriginal ancestry data are fluid, and counts for specific origins may seem different than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ancestries together.

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Footnote 28

Includes general responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Anishinaabe') as well as more specific responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Nipissing').

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Footnote 29

Includes general responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Blackfoot') as well as more specific responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Siksika,' 'Piikani').

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Footnote 30

Includes general responses indicating Dene ancestry (e.g., 'Dene').

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Footnote 31

Includes general responses indicating Iroquois ancestry (e.g., 'Iroquois,' 'Haudenosaunee') as well as more specific responses indicating Iroquois origins (e.g., 'Seneca,' 'Onondaga,' 'Tuscarora').

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Footnote 32

Includes general responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Salish') as well as more specific responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Coast Salish,' 'Interior Salish,' 'K'omoks,' 'Saanich').

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Footnote 33

Includes general responses indicating Sioux ancestry (e.g., 'Sioux').

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Footnote 34

Includes general responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Tutchone') as well as more specific responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Northern Tutchone,' 'Southern Tutchone').

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Footnote 35

Includes general responses indicating First Nations ancestry (e.g., 'First Nations,' 'North American Indian') as well as more specific responses indicating First Nations ancestry that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Passamaquoddy,' 'Crow,' 'Cheyenne,' 'Athabascan').

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Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 37

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

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Footnote 38

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 39

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Footnote 40

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 41

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 42

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 43

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 44

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 45

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 46

Here, 'postsecondary certificate or diploma' includes the categories 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' and 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma.'

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Footnote 47

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 48

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 49

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 51

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 52

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 53

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 54

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 55

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 56

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 57

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 58

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 59

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called 'labour force activity.'

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Footnote 60

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 61

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 62

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 63

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 64

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 65

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015, persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 66

Full time is 30 hours or more per week.

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Footnote 67

Part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 69

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 70

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed, and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 71

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 72

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 73

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 74

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 75

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 76

The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 77

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 78

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 79

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 81

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 82

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 85

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 92

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 93

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 94

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Ottawa, CV [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2024).

Date modified:: 2019-06-19

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario