Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Halifax, RGM

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	397,390	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,115
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,115
0 to 14 years	60,405	58,200	935	405	870	1,135
0 to 4 years	19,790	18,895	300	100	495	350
5 to 9 years	20,695	19,960	320	170	250	405
10 to 14 years	19,925	19,355	315	135	120	380
15 to 64 years	277,360	268,795	6,865	725	980	7,230
15 to 19 years	22,295	21,805	280	115	90	335
20 to 24 years	29,750	28,985	595	95	75	640
25 to 29 years	29,960	29,190	655	40	75	675
30 to 34 years	27,280	26,380	710	95	90	760
35 to 39 years	25,560	24,610	720	105	125	770
40 to 44 years	26,465	25,490	735	110	130	795
45 to 49 years	27,520	26,650	720	65	90	750
50 to 54 years	32,410	31,365	890	30	125	910
55 to 59 years	30,305	29,340	840	45	80	860
60 to 64 years	25,805	24,965	720	25	90	735
65 years and over	59,625	57,605	1,720	70	235	1,755
65 to 69 years	22,220	21,445	665	10	90	675
70 to 74 years	15,200	14,740	390	30	30	410
75 to 79 years	10,385	10,000	330	10	50	330
80 to 84 years	6,810	6,570	210	10	25	215
85 years and over	5,010	4,845	120	10	40	125
85 to 89 years	3,405	3,275	100	10	25	100
90 to 94 years	1,275	1,250	10	0	10	10
95 to 99 years	330	315	10	0	10	10
100 years and over	10	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	40.5	40.5	44.8	28.4	29.8	not applicable ...
Median age	40.7	40.6	45.9	23.7	25.5	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	336,990	326,390	8,580	790	1,220	8,980
Married or living common law	191,495	184,500	5,690	445	860	5,915
Married	153,000	147,375	4,410	375	840	4,600
Living common law	38,495	37,125	1,280	70	20	1,315
Not married and not living common law	145,495	141,895	2,890	350	360	3,065
Never married	100,305	97,950	1,880	285	190	2,025
Separated	9,650	9,455	165	15	15	175
Divorced	20,165	19,685	415	30	35	435
Widowed	15,375	14,810	425	20	120	435
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	336,985	326,390	8,580	795	1,215	8,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	323,895	313,895	8,390	725	880	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,440	46,340	54,565	35,524	14,056	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,960	35,837	47,093	24,150	11,763	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	324,005	313,995	8,400	725	880	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,510	37,431	43,680	29,897	13,164	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,668	31,550	39,239	22,019	11,763	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	293,535	284,560	7,845	615	515	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,953	45,830	53,051	37,630	15,954	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,947	34,785	44,779	26,086	12,228	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,875	217,330	5,270	545	730	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,935	6,922	7,898	4,642	5,797	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,407	4,371	6,486	1,798	2,305	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	243,290	235,970	6,395	520	405	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,086	43,961	51,167	35,038	16,613	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,335	34,142	44,674	25,622	12,952	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.7	89.7	90.9	90.6	66.1	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	71.3	71.3	71.5	70.7	53.4	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	10.3	10.3	9.1	9.9	34.0	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	336,985	326,395	8,585	795	1,215	8,980
Without total income	13,095	12,500	195	70	335	225
With total income	323,895	313,895	8,390	725	885	8,750
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.2	97.7	91.2	72.8	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	44,910	43,635	735	160	385	815
$10,000 to $19,999	49,795	48,315	995	165	330	1,080
$20,000 to $29,999	43,235	42,140	920	95	80	970
$30,000 to $39,999	39,930	38,835	975	85	35	1,015
$40,000 to $49,999	34,880	34,060	750	45	25	770
$50,000 to $59,999	27,365	26,485	810	45	20	835
$60,000 to $69,999	20,555	19,750	790	15	0	795
$70,000 to $79,999	17,570	16,905	645	15	0	650
$80,000 to $89,999	13,655	13,050	565	40	10	580
$90,000 to $99,999	8,500	8,040	420	40	0	440
$100,000 and over	23,495	22,685	785	35	0	805
$100,000 to $149,999	16,005	15,415	580	15	0	590
$150,000 and over	7,490	7,265	210	15	0	215
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	336,985	326,395	8,580	795	1,220	8,980
Without after-tax income	12,980	12,395	185	65	335	215
With after-tax income	324,005	314,000	8,400	725	885	8,760
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.2	97.9	91.2	72.5	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	47,145	45,775	815	175	380	905
$10,000 to $19,999	52,980	51,445	1,040	160	335	1,120
$20,000 to $29,999	52,905	51,555	1,155	115	85	1,210
$30,000 to $39,999	50,325	48,970	1,235	80	45	1,280
$40,000 to $49,999	39,600	38,440	1,080	60	25	1,110
$50,000 to $59,999	28,335	27,280	1,030	15	0	1,040
$60,000 to $69,999	20,720	19,775	900	40	10	920
$70,000 to $79,999	11,510	11,010	465	40	0	485
$80,000 and over	20,470	19,760	670	35	0	690
$80,000 to $89,999	6,440	6,170	260	15	0	270
$90,000 to $99,999	3,965	3,830	130	10	0	130
$100,000 and over	10,060	9,760	285	15	0	290
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	336,990	326,395	8,580	790	1,220	8,975
Without employment income	93,700	90,425	2,190	275	815	2,320
With employment income	243,290	235,970	6,395	520	405	6,655
Percentage with employment income	72.2	72.3	74.5	65.8	33.2	74.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30,790	29,905	700	90	100	740
$5,000 to $9,999	19,485	19,010	365	50	65	380
$10,000 to $19,999	31,745	30,915	615	85	130	660
$20,000 to $29,999	28,280	27,555	605	80	45	645
$30,000 to $39,999	27,025	26,345	610	50	20	635
$40,000 to $49,999	23,965	23,350	560	30	25	575
$50,000 to $59,999	18,450	17,845	550	45	10	575
$60,000 to $69,999	15,035	14,450	565	10	10	575
$70,000 to $79,999	13,810	13,330	465	20	0	475
$80,000 and over	34,695	33,270	1,360	65	0	1,395
$80,000 to $89,999	11,070	10,555	480	25	10	490
$90,000 to $99,999	6,695	6,350	315	25	0	330
$100,000 and over	16,940	16,360	560	15	0	565
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	336,990	326,395	8,580	795	1,220	8,975
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	125,025	121,165	3,535	200	125	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	51,716	51,402	63,276	51,445	24,988	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	61,480	61,355	66,959	59,875	28,982	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,115
English only	345,560	345,555	0	0	0	0
French only	270	0	270	0	0	270
English and French	49,390	38,950	9,245	1,200	0	9,845
Neither English nor French	2,175	85	0	0	2,085	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	397,395	384,595	9,510	1,200	2,085	10,110
English	369,460	363,750	5,705	0	0	5,710
French	3,460	210	3,250	0	0	3,250
Non-official language	16,345	13,530	45	680	2,090	390
Aboriginal	15	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	16,330	13,510	45	680	2,090	390
English and French	1,060	305	385	365	0	565
English and non-official language	6,750	6,715	40	0	0	40
French and non-official language	75	10	65	0	0	65
English, French and non-official language	245	75	20	150	0	95
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,195	2,085	10,115
None	368,795	361,355	4,820	715	1,900	5,180
English	9,285	6,975	1,810	355	145	1,990
French	8,435	5,755	2,660	15	10	2,670
Non-official language	10,295	10,065	150	40	35	170
Aboriginal	80	80	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	10,215	9,990	155	40	35	170
English and French	105	35	10	70	0	40
English and non-official language	175	125	45	0	0	45
French and non-official language	300	280	20	0	0	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,110
English	351,510	351,505	0	0	0	10
French	9,745	595	9,145	0	0	9,150
Non-official language	30,925	27,935	135	765	2,085	515
Aboriginal	50	55	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	30,870	27,885	135	765	2,085	515
English and French	1,800	1,360	80	360	0	260
English and non-official language	3,050	3,050	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	200	60	140	0	0	140
English, French and non-official language	170	95	10	75	0	40
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	397,395	384,600	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,115
Official languages	395,220	384,505	9,515	1,200	0	10,110
English	394,950	384,505	9,245	1,200	0	9,845
French	49,665	38,950	9,515	1,195	0	10,115
Non-official languages	43,810	39,865	975	885	2,085	1,415
Aboriginal languages	190	185	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	43,630	39,690	970	885	2,085	1,415
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	397,395	384,595	9,510	1,200	2,085	10,115
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	15,735	14,925	770	25	10	785
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	15,190	14,405	750	25	0	770
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	7,880	7,710	155	20	0	165
Métis	6,905	6,290	600	10	0	605
Inuk (Inuit)	405	405	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	275	270	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	265	260	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	381,665	369,665	8,745	1,170	2,080	9,330
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,110
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	3,940	3,815	120	10	0	125
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	393,455	380,780	9,395	1,190	2,085	9,995
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,115
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	2,540	2,435	100	0	0	100
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	2,455	2,350	100	0	0	100
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	1,660	1,615	40	0	0	40
Métis single ancestry	690	625	60	0	0	55
Inuit single ancestry	105	110	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	85	85	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	60	60	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	24,100	22,960	1,080	55	10	1,105
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	23,240	22,155	1,025	60	10	1,055
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,305	15,755	505	45	0	525
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,315	5,790	515	10	0	520
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	615	610	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	860	800	55	0	0	55
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	705	650	55	0	0	55
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	90	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	60	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	370,755	359,200	8,335	1,145	2,080	8,905
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,110
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	376,015	365,280	9,210	890	630	9,655
Canadian citizens only	365,890	355,845	8,840	665	545	9,170
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	10,125	9,440	375	230	85	490
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	21,380	19,315	305	305	1,455	455
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,115
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	352,400	342,790	8,730	570	310	9,015
Immigrants^Footnote 42	37,200	34,280	710	595	1,615	1,005
Before 1981	10,090	9,780	185	70	55	220
1981 to 1990	3,035	2,915	50	25	45	60
1991 to 2000	4,890	4,670	85	65	70	120
2001 to 2010	9,760	9,045	245	235	235	360
2001 to 2005	3,755	3,515	100	105	40	155
2006 to 2010	6,005	5,535	145	130	195	210
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	9,425	7,870	140	205	1,205	240
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	7,800	7,525	75	30	165	95
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	37,195	34,280	705	595	1,610	1,005
Under 5 years	4,640	4,270	50	90	235	90
5 to 14 years	6,965	6,450	115	95	315	155
15 to 24 years	6,615	6,280	150	50	140	175
25 to 44 years	16,235	15,060	335	330	500	500
45 years and over	2,735	2,220	60	30	420	80
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	37,195	34,285	705	595	1,610	1,005
Americas	5,480	5,255	110	95	20	155
Brazil	130	105	0	20	10	10
Colombia	115	105	10	0	0	10
El Salvador	80	75	0	0	0	0
Guyana	145	140	0	0	0	0
Haiti	40	15	20	10	0	20
Jamaica	345	350	0	0	0	0
Mexico	230	200	10	15	0	15
Peru	85	80	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	175	175	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	3,225	3,175	30	10	10	35
Other places of birth in Americas	930	830	50	45	10	70
Europe	12,245	11,705	330	130	80	395
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	185	0	10	10	10
Croatia	130	130	0	0	0	0
France	340	95	240	0	0	240
Germany	1,150	1,115	10	30	0	20
Greece	450	430	0	10	10	10
Hungary	80	75	0	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	280	275	0	10	0	10
Italy	380	365	10	10	10	10
Netherlands	470	445	10	15	0	15
Poland	465	450	0	10	10	10
Portugal	180	160	0	0	10	0
Romania	155	125	15	0	0	15
Russian Federation	505	495	0	10	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	65	60	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	270	270	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	5,890	5,890	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,250	1,140	50	30	25	70
Africa	3,025	2,665	185	140	40	255
Algeria	15	0	0	0	0	10
Egypt	725	650	30	40	0	45
Ethiopia	170	160	0	10	10	10
Kenya	120	110	0	0	10	0
Morocco	65	15	40	15	0	50
Nigeria	290	280	0	0	0	0
Somalia	65	60	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	350	355	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,225	1,030	115	70	20	145
Asia	16,210	14,435	70	235	1,475	185
Afghanistan	100	80	0	0	25	0
Bangladesh	245	245	0	0	0	10
China^Footnote 51	2,345	2,045	10	30	270	20
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	250	235	0	0	15	0
India	1,875	1,855	0	0	25	0
Iran^Footnote 53	835	790	0	10	35	10
Iraq	530	505	0	0	15	10
Japan	170	165	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	720	650	0	15	50	10
Lebanon	1,205	1,025	55	105	30	100
Pakistan	450	440	0	10	0	0
Philippines	2,030	2,020	0	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	265	265	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	1,040	355	0	15	675	10
Taiwan	180	175	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	360	320	0	0	35	0
Other places of birth in Asia	3,600	3,270	15	25	285	25
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	235	225	10	0	0	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	9,420	7,870	140	205	1,210	240
Americas	995	905	15	50	20	40
Brazil	85	65	0	15	0	0
Colombia	10	15	0	0	0	0
Cuba	65	45	0	20	0	10
Haiti	15	0	10	10	0	0
Jamaica	125	125	0	0	0	0
Mexico	90	75	10	10	0	10
United States^Footnote 58	360	355	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	230	215	0	0	10	0
Europe	1,385	1,275	65	40	0	85
France	80	25	55	0	0	55
Germany	85	75	0	10	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 60	35	35	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	25	20	0	0	0	0
Romania	30	30	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	165	155	0	10	0	10
Ukraine	135	135	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	540	535	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	295	255	10	20	0	20
Africa	955	805	55	65	30	80
Algeria	10	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	25	15	10	0	20
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	185	175	10	10	0	10
Eritrea	60	45	0	0	15	0
Ethiopia	40	30	0	0	10	0
Morocco	25	0	10	10	0	20
Nigeria	150	150	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	70	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	350	300	15	25	0	25
Asia	6,065	4,865	10	55	1,140	30
Afghanistan	25	15	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	65	60	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	855	685	0	10	160	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	760	750	0	0	10	0
Iran^Footnote 65	250	235	0	0	10	10
Iraq	245	230	0	0	15	0
Israel	255	250	0	0	10	0
Japan	60	55	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	190	185	0	10	0	10
Lebanon	80	40	0	30	10	15
Nepal	185	165	0	0	15	0
Pakistan	90	85	0	10	0	0
Philippines	1,160	1,160	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	115	110	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	90	90	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	795	125	0	0	665	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	70	60	0	0	15	0
United Arab Emirates	60	55	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	45	40	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	675	460	0	0	215	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	20	15	10	0	0	10
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	15	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,115
First generation^Footnote 71	47,905	44,610	860	650	1,790	1,185
Second generation^Footnote 72	38,605	37,475	575	285	270	720
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	310,885	302,515	8,080	265	25	8,205
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	27,435	24,815	520	525	1,575	780
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	16,465	15,515	280	355	315	460
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	6,330	5,950	140	155	95	215
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	10,130	9,570	145	200	220	245
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	6,720	6,210	170	95	235	225
Refugees^Footnote 79	4,080	2,925	60	75	1,020	100
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	175	170	0	0	10	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	397,395	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,090	10,115
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	45,285	42,430	540	495	1,815	785
South Asian^Footnote 83	6,555	6,285	30	25	210	45
Chinese	6,975	6,545	15	40	375	35
Black	15,085	14,640	295	105	50	345
Filipino	2,575	2,555	10	15	0	10
Latin American	1,205	1,120	20	60	10	50
Arab	7,335	6,140	125	175	900	210
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	865	805	10	0	50	10
West Asian^Footnote 85	1,390	1,275	0	25	90	15
Korean	1,225	1,120	10	25	70	20
Japanese	490	440	0	25	20	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	490	450	15	0	30	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	1,095	1,050	25	0	15	30
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	352,110	342,165	8,975	700	265	9,325
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	397,390	384,595	9,515	1,200	2,085	10,115
North American Aboriginal origins	26,640	25,390	1,180	55	10	1,210
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,835	18,190	595	40	0	620
Inuit	905	900	10	0	0	0
Métis	7,850	7,205	630	15	10	635
Other North American origins	163,490	157,725	5,475	255	30	5,605
Acadian	10,120	8,370	1,695	55	0	1,725
American	3,950	3,855	85	10	0	85
Canadian	152,765	148,325	4,205	210	25	4,310
New Brunswicker	30	25	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	890	880	0	10	0	0
Nova Scotian	750	735	10	10	0	10
Ontarian	30	15	0	10	0	0
Québécois	230	105	110	20	0	120
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	15	15	0	0	0	0
European origins	276,035	268,800	6,510	540	185	6,780
British Isles origins	228,765	226,810	1,715	215	20	1,825
Channel Islander	35	35	0	0	0	0
Cornish	55	60	0	0	0	0
English	121,685	120,945	625	110	10	680
Irish	95,035	94,000	915	105	10	975
Manx	75	75	0	0	0	0
Scottish	113,435	112,900	460	50	20	490
Welsh	8,845	8,825	30	0	0	30
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	11,330	11,240	85	0	0	85
French origins	66,375	60,265	5,920	190	10	6,015
Alsatian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	10	0	0	0	0
French	66,365	60,250	5,920	190	10	6,015
Western European origins (except French origins)	56,540	55,985	425	115	15	480
Austrian	1,005	995	15	0	0	10
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	990	880	105	10	0	105
Dutch	13,220	13,105	50	55	0	75
Flemish	65	70	0	0	0	0
Frisian	15	20	0	0	0	0
German	45,070	44,795	210	55	0	235
Luxembourger	15	15	0	0	0	0
Swiss	1,390	1,315	75	10	0	70
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	90	80	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,005	7,965	30	20	0	40
Danish	1,890	1,875	15	0	0	20
Finnish	610	600	0	10	0	0
Icelandic	420	410	0	10	0	10
Norwegian	2,785	2,780	0	0	0	0
Swedish	1,920	1,920	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	695	685	0	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	16,140	15,795	170	95	70	220
Bulgarian	180	170	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	135	120	0	0	15	0
Czech	665	650	0	0	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	150	155	0	0	0	0
Estonian	255	255	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,400	1,370	20	0	0	25
Latvian	240	235	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	600	600	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	5,905	5,795	60	35	15	75
Romanian	720	665	30	15	10	40
Russian	2,975	2,880	35	20	40	45
Slovak	355	355	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5,155	5,060	45	15	30	55
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	185	185	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	16,775	16,255	285	145	85	355
Albanian	255	250	0	0	10	0
Bosnian	120	115	0	0	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	455	450	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	25	25	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,430	2,380	15	20	15	25
Italian	8,185	7,925	220	30	10	230
Kosovar	240	220	0	0	20	0
Macedonian	100	95	0	0	0	0
Maltese	240	230	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	15	15	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,335	2,285	15	20	20	20
Serbian	190	180	0	10	0	10
Sicilian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	105	100	0	0	0	0
Spanish	2,685	2,550	55	70	10	90
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	190	175	0	10	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	65	60	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	3,605	3,500	80	0	25	80
Basque	100	85	20	0	0	20
Jewish	1,485	1,440	20	0	25	15
Roma (Gypsy)	60	55	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	1,970	1,925	50	0	0	45
Caribbean origins	3,565	3,450	100	10	0	105
Antiguan	80	80	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	195	195	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	400	390	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	155	155	0	0	0	0
Carib	45	40	10	0	0	10
Cuban	270	250	10	15	0	15
Dominican	120	115	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	85	35	50	0	0	55
Jamaican	1,295	1,295	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	10	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	50	55	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	255	255	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	25	25	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	460	455	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	280	250	25	0	0	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,060	1,910	45	80	25	85
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	145	135	0	10	0	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	215	185	0	15	10	10
Chilean	80	80	0	0	0	0
Colombian	235	215	15	10	10	15
Costa Rican	25	25	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	270	270	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	55	50	10	0	0	0
Honduran	30	30	0	0	0	0
Maya	60	50	0	10	0	10
Mexican	465	420	10	40	0	25
Nicaraguan	30	35	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	145	120	10	0	10	15
Salvadorean	80	80	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	150	140	0	10	0	10
African origins	12,515	11,870	370	175	100	455
Central and West African origins	1,075	880	130	55	15	155
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	25	15	10	0	0	10
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	165	100	45	20	0	60
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	145	135	0	0	0	10
Guinean	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ibo	90	85	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Malian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	15	15	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	355	330	0	15	0	10
Peulh	10	0	10	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Togolese	65	45	0	15	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	65	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	110	75	25	0	10	30
North African origins	1,715	1,490	115	70	45	145
Algerian	35	10	20	0	0	15
Berber	55	15	20	10	10	25
Coptic	25	25	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,175	1,080	30	35	25	50
Libyan	185	175	0	0	15	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	115	65	40	15	0	40
Sudanese	115	115	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	40	20	20	10	0	20
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	40	30	0	10	0	10
Southern and East African origins	1,585	1,485	40	20	40	50
Afrikaner	25	20	0	0	0	0
Amhara	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	10	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	145	120	0	0	20	0
Ethiopian	250	235	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	140	135	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	15	15	0	0	0	10
Mauritian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	30	30	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	95	60	25	10	0	25
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	165	165	0	0	0	0
South African	400	390	10	0	0	10
Tanzanian	50	55	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Zambian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	85	80	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	110	105	0	0	10	0
Other African origins	8,315	8,150	110	45	10	130
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	1,455	1,445	15	0	0	15
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	6,940	6,785	95	45	10	115
Asian origins	33,575	31,105	270	405	1,795	475
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	13,800	12,310	160	275	1,050	300
Afghan	230	205	0	0	20	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,385	1,310	10	10	55	15
Armenian	220	190	15	15	0	20
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0	0	0
Georgian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,200	1,115	10	15	65	10
Iraqi	585	565	0	0	15	0
Israeli	215	200	0	0	15	0
Jordanian	260	250	0	10	0	0
Kazakh	35	40	0	0	0	0
Kurd	225	215	0	0	10	0
Kuwaiti	205	195	0	0	10	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	5,205	4,890	125	160	25	210
Palestinian	920	880	0	35	10	15
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	675	645	0	0	25	0
Syrian	1,660	880	10	45	725	35
Tajik	20	20	0	0	0	0
Tatar	35	35	0	0	0	0
Turk	565	530	0	0	35	0
Turkmen	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uighur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	90	90	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	205	195	0	0	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	765	705	0	15	45	10
South Asian origins	6,885	6,605	35	20	220	45
Bangladeshi	210	205	0	10	0	0
Bengali	55	50	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	210	120	0	0	85	0
East Indian	5,030	4,965	25	10	35	30
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	425	295	0	0	135	0
Pakistani	470	455	0	10	0	10
Punjabi	170	165	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	290	280	10	0	0	10
Tamil	55	55	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	390	385	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	12,860	12,165	75	95	520	125
Burmese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	40	10	0	0	10
Chinese	7,605	7,165	45	30	370	60
Filipino	2,680	2,665	10	15	0	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	100	95	0	0	0	0
Japanese	600	540	0	25	30	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,280	1,170	10	25	75	25
Laotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	175	165	15	0	0	10
Thai	170	165	0	0	0	10
Tibetan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	580	525	15	10	40	15
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	50	45	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	300	280	0	10	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	300	280	0	10	0	10
Oceania origins	550	515	35	0	0	35
Australian	285	275	10	0	0	10
New Zealander	190	185	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	90	65	30	0	0	25
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	35	40	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	336,990	326,390	8,585	795	1,220	8,980
No certificate, diploma or degree	49,390	47,745	815	120	710	875
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	85,375	82,970	1,995	145	255	2,070
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	202,225	195,680	5,770	525	250	6,035
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,235	25,350	825	35	25	845
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	14,465	13,925	515	25	0	525
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	11,775	11,425	315	10	25	320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	69,910	67,625	2,125	75	90	2,160
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,860	7,575	250	25	0	265
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	98,215	95,120	2,570	390	135	2,765
Bachelor's degree	65,770	63,925	1,590	155	95	1,665
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,155	4,975	145	35	10	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,780	2,660	90	10	20	95
Master's degree	20,595	19,860	580	140	10	655
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	3,915	3,700	165	50	0	190
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	336,985	326,390	8,580	795	1,220	8,975
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	134,760	130,715	2,815	270	970	2,945
Education	12,640	12,040	530	50	25	555
13. Education	12,635	12,040	530	50	20	555
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,780	6,555	210	15	10	220
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,315	1,265	50	0	0	55
50. Visual and performing arts	5,465	5,290	155	10	10	165
Humanities	10,725	10,305	335	65	20	370
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	740	640	80	15	0	85
23. English language and literature/letters	3,220	3,160	60	0	0	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,305	2,255	45	10	0	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	50	50	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	715	685	15	10	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	855	840	10	0	0	15
54. History	2,255	2,200	50	0	0	55
55. French language and literature/letters	590	480	80	30	0	95
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,780	23,090	585	70	30	620
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	415	380	30	10	0	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,300	2,240	55	0	0	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,015	3,890	120	0	10	115
22. Legal professions and studies	3,605	3,520	85	0	0	85
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	395	380	10	0	0	10
42. Psychology	5,030	4,875	135	15	10	140
45. Social sciences	8,025	7,815	155	40	10	180
Business, management and public administration	47,160	45,920	1,135	60	45	1,165
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	70	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,860	2,750	100	0	10	100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	44,230	43,105	1,030	55	40	1,060
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,850	9,495	300	35	10	320
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,595	4,430	135	20	0	145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,025	1,985	30	10	10	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	95	85	15	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	2,810	2,675	125	10	0	125
41. Science technologies/technicians	325	320	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,670	9,405	220	30	15	230
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,775	7,555	180	25	0	200
25. Library science	700	695	10	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,060	1,035	10	0	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	130	120	10	0	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	37,855	36,480	1,230	95	50	1,275
04. Architecture and related services	965	925	30	15	0	35
14. Engineering	7,830	7,560	205	55	15	235
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,520	8,025	460	10	15	465
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	10	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,715	8,510	195	0	10	195
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,050	7,790	235	20	10	240
48. Precision production	3,775	3,675	105	0	0	105
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,225	2,170	40	0	10	45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,030	1,005	15	10	0	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,195	1,170	30	0	0	30
Health and related fields	28,865	28,025	715	85	40	755
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,905	1,860	40	0	0	40
51. Health professions and related programs	26,010	25,270	625	85	35	665
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	950	895	45	0	0	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	12,645	12,145	455	20	20	465
12. Personal and culinary services	7,155	6,910	220	10	20	225
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	185	165	20	0	0	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	515	470	50	0	0	45
43. Security and protective services	2,025	1,970	55	0	0	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,765	2,640	115	15	0	120
Other	40	40	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	40	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	336,990	326,395	8,580	795	1,220	8,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	134,765	130,720	2,810	265	970	2,945
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	202,220	195,680	5,770	525	250	6,030
Location of study inside Canada	184,165	178,480	5,415	270	15	5,545
Same as province or territory of residence	140,590	137,660	2,760	155	15	2,835
Different than province or territory of residence	43,580	40,815	2,650	110	0	2,710
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	18,060	17,205	355	255	235	485
United States^Footnote 130	3,795	3,730	60	10	0	65
Philippines	1,110	1,105	0	0	0	0
India	1,470	1,470	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	3,175	3,145	25	0	0	30
China^Footnote 132	815	735	0	0	70	0
France	250	65	160	20	0	175
Other	7,440	6,955	110	210	165	215
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	336,990	326,395	8,585	795	1,215	not applicable ...
In the labour force	225,860	219,195	5,810	545	305	not applicable ...
Employed	209,350	203,110	5,515	485	235	not applicable ...
Unemployed	16,505	16,085	290	55	70	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	111,135	107,195	2,770	250	915	not applicable ...
Participation rate	67.0	67.2	67.7	68.6	25.1	not applicable ...
Employment rate	62.1	62.2	64.2	61.0	19.3	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.3	5.0	10.1	23.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	336,990	326,395	8,580	795	1,220	8,980
Did not work^Footnote 135	101,955	98,355	2,485	260	860	2,615
Worked	235,030	228,045	6,100	535	360	6,360
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	128,755	124,805	3,605	215	135	3,715
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	106,275	103,240	2,490	320	230	2,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.1	44.5	41.5	40.4	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	241,310	234,145	6,210	560	395	6,495
a.Management	25,520	24,725	705	45	45	730
00 Senior management occupations	2,775	2,695	65	10	10	70
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	10,460	10,025	410	25	10	420
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	8,720	8,565	130	10	15	135
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	3,560	3,435	100	15	10	105
b.Professional	50,300	48,635	1,425	215	25	1,530
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	8,805	8,595	190	20	0	200
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	10,440	10,130	265	35	0	285
30 Professional occupations in nursing	5,095	5,025	70	0	0	70
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	4,855	4,655	150	45	10	175
40 Professional occupations in education services	10,420	9,875	455	85	0	495
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	7,515	7,350	145	10	10	145
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	3,170	3,005	145	15	0	155
c.Technical and paraprofessional	29,690	28,485	1,150	40	15	1,170
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	8,185	7,880	300	10	0	305
32 Technical occupations in health	5,065	4,945	110	10	10	115
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	5,125	4,965	130	20	10	140
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	5,610	5,125	490	0	0	490
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,700	5,570	120	10	0	125
d.Administration and administrative support	31,135	30,195	855	55	30	890
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	13,475	12,995	450	20	0	465
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,530	2,465	55	0	0	65
14 Office support occupations	11,080	10,770	270	15	20	280
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	4,060	3,965	80	10	0	85
e.Sales	25,195	24,665	460	55	15	485
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	5,850	5,675	160	10	0	165
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	11,305	11,070	195	35	10	220
66 Sales support occupations	8,040	7,920	95	10	10	100
f.Personal and customer information services	44,160	42,870	960	105	225	1,015
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	3,655	3,565	60	25	10	70
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	4,645	4,525	110	10	0	110
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	7,755	7,490	170	0	90	170
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	14,075	13,700	335	35	0	355
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	14,025	13,595	285	30	120	300
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	15,300	14,970	310	15	10	320
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	10,180	10,000	160	10	10	165
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	5,125	4,965	150	0	10	155
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	12,695	12,405	255	25	10	265
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,940	2,910	35	0	0	35
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	7,100	6,900	170	20	15	175
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,660	2,600	55	0	0	55
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,175	3,150	20	0	0	25
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,130	1,125	10	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	530	520	0	10	10	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	1,515	1,505	10	0	0	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,140	4,055	65	10	15	65
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,000	975	20	0	0	25
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	1,145	1,115	20	0	0	25
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	940	930	10	0	0	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,060	1,035	15	0	15	20
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	241,310	234,140	6,210	565	395	6,495
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,680	1,655	15	0	10	15
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	690	665	10	10	10	10
113 Forestry and logging	95	90	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	740	745	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	155	155	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,225	1,210	15	0	0	15
211 Oil and gas extraction	520	515	10	0	0	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	130	130	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	575	565	10	0	0	10
22 Utilities	1,665	1,655	15	0	0	15
221 Utilities	1,670	1,655	20	0	0	20
23 Construction	14,620	14,330	255	25	0	270
236 Construction of buildings	3,695	3,585	90	15	0	95
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,820	1,810	10	0	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	9,105	8,935	160	10	0	165
31-33 Manufacturing	10,660	10,445	190	10	20	190
311 Food manufacturing	1,630	1,615	15	0	0	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	510	490	20	0	0	20
313 Textile mills	35	35	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	50	45	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	160	160	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	25	25	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	350	345	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	280	280	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	545	540	10	0	0	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	150	150	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	310	295	15	10	0	15
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	585	570	10	0	0	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	315	300	20	0	0	20
331 Primary metal manufacturing	170	160	10	0	0	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	900	900	0	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	620	595	15	0	0	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	885	880	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	185	180	10	0	0	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	2,115	2,080	40	0	0	40
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	315	310	15	0	0	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	515	500	0	10	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	7,435	7,250	150	25	10	160
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	25	25	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	250	245	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,305	1,275	10	0	10	15
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	820	790	20	15	0	25
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	490	480	15	0	0	20
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,125	1,120	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,450	2,385	65	10	0	65
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	695	680	15	0	0	15
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	275	265	10	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	28,950	28,435	400	70	40	440
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	3,055	3,015	35	0	0	35
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	935	915	20	0	0	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	760	750	10	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,845	1,820	25	0	10	25
445 Food and beverage stores	6,900	6,775	70	30	25	85
446 Health and personal care stores	3,280	3,195	50	35	0	65
447 Gasoline stations	875	865	10	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	3,180	3,130	40	10	0	45
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,300	1,270	25	0	0	30
452 General merchandise stores	3,545	3,485	55	0	0	60
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,270	2,225	35	0	0	35
454 Non-store retailers	1,010	980	25	0	0	25
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10,720	10,380	310	10	10	315
481 Air transportation	1,480	1,400	80	10	0	80
482 Rail transportation	160	120	45	0	0	45
483 Water transportation	270	255	10	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	1,930	1,910	20	0	0	20
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,100	2,005	70	10	10	75
486 Pipeline transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	80	70	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	2,410	2,370	40	0	0	40
491 Postal service	1,045	1,030	20	0	0	20
492 Couriers and messengers	735	725	15	0	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	490	485	0	0	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	6,785	6,615	150	10	0	150
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	850	835	0	0	0	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,470	1,425	40	0	0	40
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	620	600	20	0	0	20
517 Telecommunications	2,575	2,520	50	0	0	55
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	245	240	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	1,025	995	30	0	0	30
52 Finance and insurance	10,885	10,530	330	25	0	345
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	4,595	4,455	120	15	0	125
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,535	1,510	30	0	0	30
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	4,640	4,450	185	0	0	185
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	105	105	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,770	4,625	125	20	0	135
531 Real estate	4,055	3,915	120	15	0	130
532 Rental and leasing services	700	685	10	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	20	15	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,885	18,450	385	30	25	400
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,890	18,445	385	30	20	400
55 Management of companies and enterprises	250	245	0	0	0	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	255	245	0	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	12,990	12,570	330	30	55	345
561 Administrative and support services	12,215	11,790	330	35	55	345
562 Waste management and remediation services	780	780	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	19,545	18,715	710	110	10	765
611 Educational services	19,545	18,710	710	105	15	765
62 Health care and social assistance	31,300	30,615	570	90	20	610
621 Ambulatory health care services	9,355	9,140	175	35	0	195
622 Hospitals	11,100	10,850	215	20	0	230
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	5,230	5,175	40	10	10	45
624 Social assistance	5,610	5,455	135	20	0	145
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,750	5,580	165	10	0	165
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,945	1,880	55	0	0	60
712 Heritage institutions	545	510	30	0	0	30
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,260	3,185	75	0	0	75
72 Accommodation and food services	18,035	17,580	285	25	145	300
721 Accommodation services	2,780	2,665	75	10	35	75
722 Food services and drinking places	15,255	14,915	210	25	105	225
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,755	9,490	200	35	30	220
811 Repair and maintenance	2,345	2,305	30	0	0	30
812 Personal and laundry services	3,460	3,350	90	10	15	90
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,300	3,205	60	25	10	75
814 Private households	655	625	20	0	0	20
91 Public administration	25,405	23,765	1,605	35	0	1,620
911 Federal government public administration	16,380	14,875	1,480	20	0	1,490
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	5,615	5,535	75	10	0	75
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	3,320	3,275	50	0	0	50
914 Aboriginal public administration	20	20	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	65	60	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	209,350	203,110	5,515	490	235	5,760
Worked at home	13,580	13,175	355	30	20	370
Worked outside Canada	1,035	1,000	25	0	10	25
No fixed workplace address	22,200	21,555	570	50	25	595
Worked at usual place	172,535	167,375	4,565	405	190	4,770
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	241,310	234,140	6,210	565	390	6,490
English	237,540	231,770	5,155	450	165	5,380
French	1,520	725	745	45	0	770
Non-official language	740	500	0	20	215	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	740	500	0	20	215	10
English and French	915	575	305	35	0	330
English and non-official language	560	540	0	10	10	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	25	0	10	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	241,310	234,140	6,210	565	390	6,495
None	230,880	226,775	3,330	415	360	3,540
English	1,330	815	455	40	15	480
French	7,040	4,575	2,380	80	0	2,425
Non-official language	1,905	1,835	25	20	20	35
Aboriginal	30	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,875	1,810	25	20	25	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	150	130	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	172,530	167,375	4,565	400	185	4,770
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	166,455	161,465	4,415	395	180	4,615
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	110	95	10	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,150	4,050	85	0	0	90
Commute to a different province or territory	1,820	1,770	55	0	0	55
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	194,735	188,935	5,135	450	210	5,365
Car, truck, van - as a driver	137,070	133,125	3,635	225	85	3,750
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	14,265	13,860	315	50	35	340
Public transit	22,980	22,200	610	110	60	670
Walked	15,925	15,390	455	60	20	485
Bicycle	1,965	1,915	45	10	0	45
Other method	2,530	2,445	80	10	10	80
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	194,730	188,935	5,135	455	210	5,360
Less than 15 minutes	48,560	47,280	1,140	85	60	1,185
15 to 29 minutes	79,430	76,875	2,235	235	75	2,355
30 to 44 minutes	42,820	41,525	1,175	90	35	1,215
45 to 59 minutes	13,965	13,585	335	20	25	345
60 minutes and over	9,960	9,665	255	30	15	265
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	194,735	188,930	5,135	455	210	5,365
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	9,340	9,045	285	0	10	285
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	37,975	36,620	1,280	65	15	1,310
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	58,965	57,045	1,755	135	40	1,820
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	41,865	40,755	950	140	30	1,015
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	19,590	19,040	435	40	70	455
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	26,995	26,430	435	75	50	475
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	393,605	380,995	9,480	1,170	1,955	10,065
Non-movers	334,910	325,150	8,010	905	840	8,460
Movers	58,695	55,845	1,475	265	1,110	1,605
Non-migrants	41,630	40,420	895	155	150	975
Migrants	17,070	15,425	575	115	960	630
Internal migrants	12,070	11,455	525	65	20	555
Intraprovincial migrants	4,120	4,045	60	15	10	70
Interprovincial migrants	7,950	7,415	465	55	20	490
External migrants	5,000	3,965	45	45	935	75
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	377,605	365,705	9,210	1,100	1,590	9,760
Non-movers	227,285	221,205	5,230	515	340	5,490
Movers	150,315	144,500	3,985	580	1,250	4,275
Non-migrants	99,245	97,000	1,910	195	145	2,010
Migrants	51,065	47,500	2,075	385	1,110	2,265
Internal migrants	36,415	34,320	1,885	185	25	1,975
Intraprovincial migrants	11,995	11,725	245	15	10	255
Interprovincial migrants	24,415	22,600	1,635	170	15	1,725
External migrants	14,650	13,180	185	200	1,080	285

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Halifax, RGM

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.7%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.