Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in New Brunswick / Nouveau-Brunswick

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	730,705	495,315	230,090	3,030	2,270	231,605
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	730,710	495,315	230,095	3,030	2,270	231,610
0 to 14 years	110,315	79,615	28,715	1,035	950	29,235
0 to 4 years	34,550	24,860	8,805	360	530	8,985
5 to 9 years	37,970	27,315	10,035	300	325	10,185
10 to 14 years	37,795	27,445	9,880	380	95	10,065
15 to 64 years	481,985	326,465	152,610	1,725	1,180	153,470
15 to 19 years	40,315	29,635	10,310	310	70	10,465
20 to 24 years	40,885	29,180	11,365	250	90	11,485
25 to 29 years	38,765	26,920	11,520	190	140	11,615
30 to 34 years	41,100	27,900	12,845	175	180	12,930
35 to 39 years	43,950	29,570	14,115	90	180	14,160
40 to 44 years	47,965	33,165	14,485	190	120	14,580
45 to 49 years	50,720	34,545	15,825	165	185	15,910
50 to 54 years	60,280	39,780	20,240	150	100	20,320
55 to 59 years	60,880	39,045	21,650	125	60	21,715
60 to 64 years	57,125	36,740	20,255	75	60	20,290
65 years and over	138,410	89,230	48,770	270	140	48,900
65 to 69 years	50,575	32,655	17,810	90	20	17,860
70 to 74 years	35,735	22,650	12,955	85	45	13,000
75 to 79 years	23,850	15,335	8,440	35	40	8,460
80 to 84 years	15,890	10,285	5,530	45	30	5,550
85 years and over	12,360	8,310	4,030	10	10	4,040
85 to 89 years	8,340	5,485	2,840	10	10	2,845
90 to 94 years	3,260	2,290	970	0	0	970
95 to 99 years	690	500	190	0	0	190
100 years and over	70	35	35	0	0	35
Average age	43.1	42.1	45.5	29.3	26.9	not applicable ...
Median age	45.2	43.8	48.7	23.8	26.1	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	620,390	415,700	201,375	1,995	1,320	202,375
Married or living common law	376,485	249,075	125,450	910	1,045	125,905
Married	299,155	205,000	92,365	770	1,025	92,750
Living common law	77,325	44,080	33,085	140	20	33,155
Not married and not living common law	243,915	166,630	75,925	1,085	270	76,470
Never married	153,175	104,505	47,625	850	190	48,055
Separated	20,530	13,480	6,985	45	25	7,005
Divorced	34,270	24,740	9,395	110	25	9,450
Widowed	35,935	23,900	11,920	80	40	11,960
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	620,390	415,705	201,375	1,995	1,320	202,375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,650	396,175	195,920	1,835	720	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,141	39,740	38,035	35,824	18,786	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,031	31,111	31,037	23,405	15,762	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,870	396,315	195,995	1,840	720	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,022	33,450	32,246	29,690	17,371	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,145	28,306	28,010	22,260	15,624	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	516,690	348,145	166,335	1,680	525	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,432	38,157	36,007	33,892	19,008	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,483	28,829	27,930	19,054	14,841	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,195	288,490	149,855	1,330	520	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	8,527	9,760	6,616	6,771	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,159	7,520	9,416	4,250	4,305	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	423,915	284,440	137,655	1,445	380	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,611	38,242	36,403	32,876	20,346	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,155	29,503	28,726	19,170	17,984	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	83.1	84.4	80.4	86.4	73.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	68.5	69.1	67.2	72.1	57.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	16.9	15.6	19.6	13.4	26.2	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	620,390	415,700	201,380	1,995	1,320	202,375
Without total income	25,745	19,530	5,455	160	605	5,535
With total income	594,645	396,170	195,920	1,840	720	196,840
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.3	97.3	92.2	54.5	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80,545	56,385	23,500	420	235	23,710
$10,000 to $19,999	108,545	70,055	37,895	375	220	38,080
$20,000 to $29,999	98,855	65,195	33,160	335	165	33,330
$30,000 to $39,999	84,590	53,900	30,395	245	60	30,510
$40,000 to $49,999	65,830	43,230	22,455	140	0	22,525
$50,000 to $59,999	44,905	30,110	14,705	75	10	14,745
$60,000 to $69,999	32,095	21,945	10,090	60	0	10,120
$70,000 to $79,999	24,655	16,460	8,155	30	0	8,170
$80,000 to $89,999	16,785	11,395	5,355	30	0	5,370
$90,000 to $99,999	10,325	7,430	2,875	25	0	2,885
$100,000 and over	27,525	20,065	7,345	105	10	7,400
$100,000 to $149,999	19,760	14,215	5,495	40	15	5,520
$150,000 and over	7,765	5,855	1,850	60	0	1,880
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	620,390	415,700	201,380	1,995	1,320	202,375
Without after-tax income	25,525	19,385	5,380	160	600	5,460
With after-tax income	594,870	396,320	195,995	1,835	715	196,915
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.3	97.3	92.0	54.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	83,255	58,340	24,250	430	240	24,465
$10,000 to $19,999	115,325	74,555	40,140	400	230	40,340
$20,000 to $29,999	119,515	77,345	41,615	385	170	41,805
$30,000 to $39,999	98,745	63,895	34,545	260	45	34,675
$40,000 to $49,999	67,275	44,860	22,275	125	10	22,340
$50,000 to $59,999	42,815	29,245	13,500	65	10	13,535
$60,000 to $69,999	28,565	19,400	9,130	30	0	9,150
$70,000 to $79,999	14,795	10,640	4,110	50	10	4,130
$80,000 and over	24,575	18,035	6,435	90	15	6,475
$80,000 to $89,999	8,470	6,055	2,390	15	15	2,400
$90,000 to $99,999	5,245	3,865	1,370	15	0	1,375
$100,000 and over	10,855	8,115	2,665	70	0	2,700
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	620,390	415,700	201,375	1,995	1,320	202,375
Without employment income	196,480	131,260	63,725	550	940	64,000
With employment income	423,915	284,440	137,655	1,445	375	138,370
Percentage with employment income	68.3	68.4	68.4	72.4	28.4	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,605	37,945	16,350	250	55	16,480
$5,000 to $9,999	36,470	24,360	11,900	185	25	11,995
$10,000 to $19,999	66,180	42,070	23,675	310	125	23,830
$20,000 to $29,999	59,070	39,540	19,195	220	115	19,310
$30,000 to $39,999	50,325	33,740	16,410	140	30	16,480
$40,000 to $49,999	42,310	28,385	13,835	90	0	13,880
$50,000 to $59,999	30,020	20,040	9,920	60	10	9,945
$60,000 to $69,999	22,915	15,285	7,580	50	0	7,605
$70,000 to $79,999	19,585	12,755	6,795	30	10	6,810
$80,000 and over	42,435	30,330	11,985	115	0	12,040
$80,000 to $89,999	13,150	9,005	4,125	20	0	4,135
$90,000 to $99,999	8,320	5,970	2,330	20	0	2,340
$100,000 and over	20,960	15,355	5,525	75	10	5,565
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	620,395	415,700	201,380	1,995	1,320	202,375
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	197,290	138,035	58,675	495	85	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	46,349	46,181	46,756	36,171	22,618	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	54,011	54,579	52,717	54,559	22,593	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	730,705	495,310	230,095	3,030	2,270	231,610
English only	417,760	417,760	0	0	0	0
French only	61,995	0	61,990	0	0	61,995
English and French	248,560	77,460	168,070	3,030	0	169,585
Neither English nor French	2,400	100	30	10	2,270	30
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	730,710	495,315	230,095	3,030	2,275	231,610
English	503,415	477,555	25,865	0	0	25,865
French	203,685	4,265	199,415	0	0	199,415
Non-official language	12,480	8,745	395	1,065	2,275	930
Aboriginal	800	780	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	11,680	7,960	395	1,060	2,265	925
English and French	6,915	1,250	3,895	1,770	0	4,780
English and non-official language	3,485	3,465	20	0	0	20
French and non-official language	410	0	410	0	0	410
English, French and non-official language	315	30	95	195	0	190
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	730,710	495,310	230,095	3,035	2,270	231,605
None	643,240	465,955	173,065	2,275	1,950	174,205
English	49,110	6,705	41,795	380	235	41,980
French	29,815	15,515	14,175	125	0	14,235
Non-official language	7,675	6,700	800	95	80	850
Aboriginal	1,325	1,310	15	0	0	20
Non-Aboriginal	6,350	5,390	790	95	80	835
English and French	205	10	35	155	10	115
English and non-official language	265	95	170	0	0	175
French and non-official language	395	345	55	0	0	50
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	730,710	495,310	230,095	3,030	2,270	231,605
English	470,265	470,180	80	0	0	80
French	228,715	1,875	226,845	0	0	226,840
Non-official language	23,275	18,580	1,185	1,240	2,270	1,805
Aboriginal	2,140	2,120	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	21,135	16,455	1,180	1,230	2,265	1,800
English and French	6,395	3,130	1,540	1,730	0	2,400
English and non-official language	1,485	1,485	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	465	25	440	0	0	440
English, French and non-official language	105	35	10	55	0	35
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	730,705	495,310	230,090	3,030	2,270	231,610
Official languages	728,310	495,215	230,065	3,025	0	231,580
English	666,315	495,220	168,070	3,030	0	169,585
French	310,550	77,455	230,065	3,030	0	231,575
Non-official languages	34,880	26,515	4,740	1,360	2,270	5,420
Aboriginal languages	3,065	2,980	65	20	10	75
Non-Aboriginal languages	31,865	23,565	4,685	1,350	2,265	5,365
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	730,710	495,315	230,095	3,030	2,270	231,610
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	29,380	20,700	8,520	145	10	8,595
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	28,160	19,945	8,055	150	10	8,130
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	17,575	15,305	2,190	70	10	2,225
Métis	10,200	4,300	5,825	75	0	5,865
Inuk (Inuit)	385	340	45	0	0	45
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	475	285	190	0	0	190
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	750	470	275	0	0	280
Non-Aboriginal identity	701,325	474,610	221,570	2,885	2,260	223,010
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	730,705	495,310	230,095	3,030	2,270	231,605
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	14,310	12,510	1,735	50	10	1,755
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	716,400	482,800	228,360	2,980	2,260	229,855
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	730,705	495,315	230,095	3,030	2,275	231,610
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	12,785	9,510	3,230	45	0	3,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	12,495	9,430	3,015	40	0	3,035
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	10,630	8,850	1,755	25	0	1,765
Métis single ancestry	1,695	440	1,245	15	0	1,250
Inuit single ancestry	165	145	20	0	0	20
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	290	80	205	10	0	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	235	50	185	0	0	190
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	30	10	20	0	0	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	33,795	22,640	10,955	190	10	11,055
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	32,505	22,030	10,285	180	10	10,380
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	24,255	17,460	6,665	125	0	6,725
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,770	4,115	3,590	60	0	3,620
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	450	30	0	0	30
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	1,295	615	670	10	0	675
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,165	525	630	0	0	635
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	50	10	0	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	30	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	10	15	0	0	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	684,125	463,165	215,910	2,790	2,255	217,305
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	730,710	495,315	230,095	3,030	2,270	231,605
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	710,780	480,430	227,410	2,475	460	228,650
Canadian citizens only	702,970	474,445	225,920	2,210	400	227,025
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	7,805	5,990	1,490	265	55	1,625
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	19,930	14,880	2,685	550	1,815	2,955
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	730,710	495,310	230,095	3,030	2,270	231,610
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	692,535	465,140	225,110	1,965	320	226,095
Immigrants^Footnote 42	33,810	26,960	4,115	955	1,780	4,595
Before 1981	11,545	9,800	1,630	100	10	1,680
1981 to 1990	2,735	2,375	290	50	15	320
1991 to 2000	2,975	2,495	315	115	45	370
2001 to 2010	7,240	5,755	990	325	170	1,150
2001 to 2005	2,435	1,880	390	130	30	460
2006 to 2010	4,800	3,870	600	195	135	690
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	9,330	6,535	890	360	1,540	1,070
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	4,360	3,210	865	110	170	920
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	33,810	26,960	4,115	955	1,780	4,590
Under 5 years	5,140	3,745	980	100	310	1,030
5 to 14 years	7,290	5,755	890	245	400	1,010
15 to 24 years	5,790	4,830	705	135	120	775
25 to 44 years	12,635	10,370	1,250	405	610	1,450
45 years and over	2,960	2,260	285	70	345	320
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	33,815	26,960	4,115	955	1,785	4,590
Americas	9,420	7,445	1,795	135	40	1,865
Brazil	55	50	0	10	0	10
Colombia	215	160	25	15	10	35
El Salvador	110	110	0	0	0	0
Guyana	80	85	0	0	0	0
Haiti	165	10	140	15	0	150
Jamaica	125	125	0	0	0	0
Mexico	160	110	20	25	10	30
Peru	60	50	0	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	110	115	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	7,615	6,055	1,505	45	10	1,530
Other places of birth in Americas	715	575	95	25	15	110
Europe	10,980	9,700	1,005	230	50	1,120
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	95	0	0	10	0
Croatia	55	60	0	0	0	0
France	760	95	665	0	0	660
Germany	1,620	1,520	55	35	10	70
Greece	95	95	0	0	0	0
Hungary	100	100	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	160	150	0	0	0	0
Italy	210	165	25	15	0	30
Netherlands	970	945	0	20	0	15
Poland	195	185	15	0	0	15
Portugal	130	115	0	10	0	10
Romania	485	390	25	60	0	55
Russian Federation	245	190	15	25	10	25
Serbia^Footnote 49	35	25	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	250	210	10	20	0	20
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	4,605	4,595	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	970	755	170	35	10	190
Africa	2,570	1,200	1,025	275	60	1,165
Algeria	165	10	105	50	10	135
Egypt	120	55	40	25	10	50
Ethiopia	120	100	0	20	0	10
Kenya	60	60	0	0	0	0
Morocco	195	40	140	20	0	150
Nigeria	115	110	0	0	0	0
Somalia	15	15	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	165	160	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,615	665	745	150	55	820
Asia	10,625	8,400	280	315	1,630	435
Afghanistan	15	20	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	105	95	10	0	0	10
China^Footnote 51	2,210	1,775	70	60	315	90
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	115	110	0	0	0	0
India	820	800	0	10	15	0
Iran^Footnote 53	485	435	10	20	25	15
Iraq	70	70	0	0	0	0
Japan	90	70	10	10	10	10
Korea, South^Footnote 54	1,490	1,305	15	90	85	55
Lebanon	390	180	75	30	105	95
Pakistan	225	225	0	0	0	0
Philippines	1,340	1,315	0	10	10	10
Sri Lanka	45	40	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	1,225	245	55	10	915	60
Taiwan	80	70	0	10	10	0
Viet Nam	720	600	25	45	50	45
Other places of birth in Asia	1,195	1,050	20	20	105	30
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	225	220	10	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	9,325	6,535	890	360	1,540	1,070
Americas	895	755	95	30	15	110
Brazil	20	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	40	25	0	10	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	45	0	30	15	0	40
Jamaica	35	35	0	0	0	0
Mexico	30	25	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	585	530	45	0	10	45
Venezuela^Footnote 59	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	110	80	25	0	0	25
Europe	1,405	950	345	70	30	385
France	300	30	275	0	0	270
Germany	85	70	10	0	10	15
Ireland^Footnote 60	35	30	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	20	20	0	0	0	10
Romania	250	195	10	40	0	30
Russian Federation	90	70	0	15	0	10
Ukraine	95	85	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	240	245	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	285	210	50	10	15	55
Africa	975	425	385	95	60	435
Algeria	15	0	10	0	0	15
Cameroon	45	15	30	0	0	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	65	65	20	0	80
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	40	20	10	10	10	15
Eritrea	40	10	0	0	25	0
Ethiopia	45	40	0	10	0	0
Morocco	40	15	20	0	0	25
Nigeria	40	40	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	30	0	10	0	10
Tunisia	55	0	35	20	0	45
Other places of birth in Africa	455	185	205	30	30	225
Asia	6,010	4,365	55	160	1,430	135
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	25	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	1,390	1,125	0	30	225	20
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	10	10	0	10	0	0
India	270	260	0	0	10	0
Iran^Footnote 65	255	220	0	10	30	10
Iraq	45	45	0	0	0	0
Israel	200	180	0	15	10	10
Japan	15	10	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	600	500	15	60	30	40
Lebanon	125	10	10	10	95	15
Nepal	45	35	0	0	10	0
Pakistan	75	75	0	0	0	0
Philippines	925	910	0	10	10	0
Saudi Arabia	45	45	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	1,145	220	30	0	895	30
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	45	20	0	0	30	0
United Arab Emirates	30	30	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	500	440	0	25	35	15
Other places of birth in Asia	260	210	0	0	50	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	40	40	0	0	0	0
Australia	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	730,705	495,315	230,095	3,030	2,270	231,610
First generation^Footnote 71	41,400	32,950	5,390	1,090	1,970	5,935
Second generation^Footnote 72	43,370	36,855	5,910	380	225	6,105
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	645,940	425,510	218,790	1,565	75	219,575
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	22,665	17,495	2,535	855	1,780	2,960
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	13,205	10,765	1,360	605	470	1,665
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	5,115	4,190	630	175	115	720
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	8,090	6,580	730	430	355	940
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	6,105	5,055	800	120	130	860
Refugees^Footnote 79	3,240	1,605	355	130	1,155	420
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	115	70	20	10	15	20
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	730,705	495,310	230,090	3,030	2,270	231,610
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	24,540	18,670	3,100	900	1,870	3,545
South Asian^Footnote 83	2,530	2,380	80	30	45	90
Chinese	3,925	3,250	155	110	405	215
Black	6,995	4,700	2,055	200	45	2,150
Filipino	1,975	1,925	15	20	10	25
Latin American	1,285	1,025	105	95	65	155
Arab	2,960	1,345	410	225	980	525
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	1,225	1,005	115	45	65	135
West Asian^Footnote 85	735	615	0	30	85	15
Korean	1,685	1,460	40	95	90	90
Japanese	235	195	15	15	10	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	305	265	15	0	20	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	675	500	90	35	55	110
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	706,170	476,640	226,995	2,130	405	228,060
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	730,710	495,315	230,095	3,030	2,270	231,610
North American Aboriginal origins	46,580	32,150	14,185	235	15	14,300
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,410	26,955	9,280	160	15	9,360
Inuit	830	710	110	0	0	115
Métis	10,965	5,185	5,690	85	0	5,735
Other North American origins	428,860	243,180	184,345	1,305	30	184,995
Acadian	29,505	8,270	20,965	275	0	21,100
American	7,175	6,035	1,100	35	0	1,120
Canadian	407,365	234,450	171,740	1,145	35	172,315
New Brunswicker	240	85	155	0	0	155
Newfoundlander	445	445	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	70	60	10	0	0	10
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	775	145	625	0	0	625
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	20	10	10	0	0	10
European origins	424,855	334,130	89,075	1,410	240	89,780
British Isles origins	314,660	292,355	21,575	680	45	21,920
Channel Islander	130	65	65	0	0	60
Cornish	50	50	0	0	0	0
English	168,205	159,870	7,940	385	10	8,135
Irish	147,245	135,400	11,515	315	15	11,670
Manx	45	45	0	0	0	0
Scottish	134,455	129,205	5,020	210	15	5,125
Welsh	10,110	10,000	95	25	0	105
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	10,635	10,310	285	40	10	305
French origins	163,270	82,835	79,555	860	15	79,990
Alsatian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	55	10	50	0	0	45
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	163,240	82,825	79,540	860	20	79,970
Western European origins (except French origins)	49,825	47,200	2,320	245	55	2,445
Austrian	1,005	940	55	10	0	60
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,465	1,070	385	0	0	385
Dutch	15,230	14,745	370	105	10	420
Flemish	100	85	15	0	0	15
Frisian	40	40	0	0	0	0
German	34,205	32,655	1,370	140	50	1,435
Luxembourger	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	1,145	925	210	0	15	210
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	35	30	0	0	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,400	10,120	260	15	0	270
Danish	3,965	3,870	95	10	0	95
Finnish	465	455	10	0	0	10
Icelandic	250	250	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	3,330	3,255	60	10	0	65
Swedish	2,010	1,940	60	0	0	65
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	820	780	35	0	0	40
Eastern European origins	11,595	10,685	595	225	85	710
Bulgarian	160	115	25	15	0	35
Byelorussian	85	70	0	0	10	0
Czech	435	405	20	10	0	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	180	180	0	0	0	0
Estonian	105	105	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,285	1,220	60	0	0	65
Latvian	190	190	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	325	305	15	10	0	15
Moldovan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Polish	3,450	3,160	230	45	10	255
Romanian	945	810	60	65	15	90
Russian	2,260	2,030	110	80	45	150
Slovak	250	225	10	10	0	15
Ukrainian	3,535	3,365	95	45	40	115
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	70	70	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	13,450	11,010	2,245	130	65	2,310
Albanian	120	105	0	0	10	0
Bosnian	115	100	0	10	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	305	295	15	0	0	10
Cypriot	25	25	0	0	0	0
Greek	955	890	60	0	10	60
Italian	7,460	5,980	1,410	65	10	1,435
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	80	65	10	0	0	10
Maltese	115	115	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	20	20	0	0	10	0
Portuguese	1,785	1,415	350	0	10	360
Serbian	130	125	0	10	0	10
Sicilian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	125	130	0	0	0	0
Spanish	2,550	2,040	445	50	15	475
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	120	115	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,800	1,460	295	30	20	310
Basque	85	15	70	0	0	75
Jewish	785	700	45	25	20	55
Roma (Gypsy)	30	30	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	30	30	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	870	690	175	10	0	180
Caribbean origins	2,280	1,865	350	55	0	380
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	95	100	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	125	125	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	235	200	15	15	0	25
Dominican	75	50	20	10	0	20
Grenadian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	35	10	25	0	0	30
Haitian	300	55	240	0	0	240
Jamaican	750	680	50	20	0	55
Kittitian/Nevisian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	85	75	10	0	0	10
St. Lucian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	135	10	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	45	45	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	245	225	20	0	0	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	185	170	0	10	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,135	1,685	210	95	140	255
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	60	60	0	0	10	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	25	10	0	0	10
Belizean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	55	45	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	65	60	0	0	0	10
Chilean	95	65	20	10	0	25
Colombian	265	200	30	20	10	45
Costa Rican	30	15	10	0	0	10
Ecuadorian	30	20	0	0	0	10
Guatemalan	125	110	10	0	0	10
Guyanese	120	115	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	75	75	0	0	0	0
Honduran	45	15	25	10	0	30
Maya	90	80	10	0	0	10
Mexican	695	505	30	40	115	55
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	85	65	20	0	0	25
Salvadorean	135	110	20	10	10	20
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	110	85	15	10	0	25
African origins	6,710	3,975	2,275	365	90	2,460
Central and West African origins	1,830	615	1,130	70	15	1,165
Akan	20	0	15	0	0	20
Angolan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	75	0	75	0	0	75
Cameroonian	150	10	140	0	0	140
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	420	125	255	35	0	270
Edo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	15	0	15	0	0	15
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	90	75	20	0	0	15
Guinean	175	10	155	20	0	160
Ibo	80	80	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	60	0	60	0	0	65
Liberian	80	40	30	10	0	35
Malian	125	10	115	0	0	115
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	225	195	30	0	0	35
Peulh	40	10	30	0	0	30
Senegalese	105	20	85	0	0	85
Sierra Leonean	20	20	0	0	0	0
Togolese	40	0	20	10	0	30
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	45	0	10	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	220	35	185	0	0	180
North African origins	1,200	470	525	175	25	615
Algerian	190	10	115	55	10	140
Berber	175	20	115	35	10	130
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	210	135	40	30	0	55
Libyan	185	160	10	0	10	10
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	365	115	225	25	0	240
Sudanese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	140	20	80	35	0	100
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	15	0	10	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins	1,050	710	235	75	40	270
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	30	0	30	0	0	30
Burundian	100	55	45	0	0	50
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	115	80	0	0	35	0
Ethiopian	180	130	30	20	0	45
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	60	0	30	30	0	40
Mauritian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	30	30	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	105	35	40	30	0	55
Seychellois	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	25	10	0	0	0
South African	225	225	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Zambian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	60	60	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	80	45	40	0	0	35
Other African origins	2,845	2,285	490	50	15	520
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	385	320	65	0	0	60
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	2,475	1,970	440	50	15	470
Asian origins	19,410	15,815	1,220	560	1,815	1,505
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	6,835	4,740	695	220	1,180	805
Afghan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	590	325	130	70	70	165
Armenian	110	90	0	0	0	10
Assyrian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	665	585	20	30	25	40
Iraqi	105	100	0	0	0	10
Israeli	175	150	0	0	10	10
Jordanian	180	175	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	75	20	0	0	55	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	2,825	2,385	385	50	0	410
Palestinian	70	60	0	0	10	0
Pashtun	20	15	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Syrian	1,690	505	125	40	1,015	145
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	25	20	0	0	0	10
Turk	235	210	20	0	0	25
Turkmen	15	0	0	0	15	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	35	30	10	10	0	10
Yemeni	35	30	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	45	45	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,970	2,745	140	35	50	160
Bangladeshi	150	150	0	0	0	10
Bengali	50	45	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	35	25	0	0	10	0
East Indian	2,145	1,990	110	30	20	125
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	165	135	0	10	25	0
Pakistani	255	255	10	0	0	0
Punjabi	45	35	15	0	0	15
Sinhalese	10	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	105	95	10	0	0	10
Tamil	20	25	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	85	90	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,640	8,360	385	310	590	540
Burmese	25	25	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	20	35	0	10	35
Chinese	4,485	3,730	205	140	410	270
Filipino	2,130	2,045	55	20	15	65
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Japanese	305	255	20	20	10	30
Karen	70	60	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,670	1,460	25	90	95	70
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	50	45	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	65	60	0	0	0	0
Thai	100	85	15	0	0	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	885	710	70	45	60	95
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	110	105	10	0	0	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	115	105	10	0	0	10
Oceania origins	470	440	20	10	0	25
Australian	290	280	0	10	0	10
New Zealander	140	130	0	0	0	10
Pacific Islands origins	50	35	15	0	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	10	0	15	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	620,395	415,700	201,375	1,995	1,320	202,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,745	77,525	58,105	465	645	58,340
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	176,750	130,400	45,555	455	335	45,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	306,900	207,775	97,715	1,070	335	98,250
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	56,595	35,680	20,770	125	25	20,835
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	29,630	17,870	11,645	95	20	11,690
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	26,965	17,805	9,120	30	10	9,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	135,065	93,150	41,505	305	100	41,655
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,610	6,895	4,615	45	65	4,635
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	103,630	72,050	30,830	605	150	31,130
Bachelor's degree	73,330	50,855	22,070	295	110	22,215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,730	4,410	2,280	35	0	2,300
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,760	1,830	870	55	10	895
Master's degree	17,750	12,765	4,805	150	25	4,880
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	3,065	2,190	805	65	10	835
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	620,395	415,705	201,375	1,995	1,320	202,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	313,495	207,925	103,655	925	985	104,120
Education	25,570	16,715	8,755	75	20	8,795
13. Education	25,570	16,720	8,750	75	20	8,795
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,140	4,415	1,675	25	25	1,690
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,155	920	225	10	0	235
50. Visual and performing arts	4,990	3,495	1,450	15	25	1,455
Humanities	12,430	9,880	2,450	65	35	2,480
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,040	510	485	25	15	495
23. English language and literature/letters	2,390	2,270	120	0	10	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,060	2,310	735	10	10	740
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	55	45	15	0	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	720	615	110	0	0	105
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,145	1,885	260	10	0	260
54. History	2,190	1,815	370	0	0	370
55. French language and literature/letters	825	440	360	25	10	375
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,780	17,385	6,245	105	40	6,305
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	140	45	0	0	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	1,320	390	10	0	395
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,015	3,810	2,160	10	30	2,170
22. Legal professions and studies	3,935	2,830	1,090	15	10	1,095
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	420	310	100	10	0	105
42. Psychology	5,075	3,890	1,160	20	10	1,170
45. Social sciences	6,415	5,075	1,300	45	0	1,320
Business, management and public administration	67,605	44,505	22,785	230	85	22,900
30.16 Accounting and computer science	230	175	55	0	0	60
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,670	3,605	2,050	10	0	2,055
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	61,700	40,725	20,670	225	80	20,785
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,625	5,815	1,745	60	0	1,775
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,325	2,465	830	20	0	845
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,845	1,560	275	15	0	280
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	130	55	70	0	0	70
40. Physical sciences	1,720	1,305	395	15	10	400
41. Science technologies/technicians	610	430	175	0	0	180
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,275	8,365	2,815	70	20	2,845
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,975	7,520	2,390	50	15	2,415
25. Library science	620	330	275	15	0	280
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	480	130	10	0	130
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	55	45	15	0	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	70,800	47,525	23,040	170	60	23,120
04. Architecture and related services	505	340	160	0	10	155
14. Engineering	8,020	6,220	1,695	85	25	1,740
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,010	9,215	3,750	25	10	3,765
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,910	12,500	6,385	25	0	6,395
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,075	13,460	6,580	30	10	6,595
48. Precision production	10,290	5,790	4,475	15	10	4,480
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,370	4,350	2,000	15	0	2,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,970	2,160	795	10	0	800
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,400	2,190	1,205	10	0	1,205
Health and related fields	49,795	32,605	16,995	170	25	17,075
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,770	1,795	965	10	10	970
51. Health professions and related programs	46,155	30,180	15,840	120	20	15,900
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	870	635	185	40	0	210
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,460	16,180	9,195	75	10	9,235
12. Personal and culinary services	13,835	8,350	5,440	35	10	5,455
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	15	0	0	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	390	285	110	0	0	105
43. Security and protective services	4,670	3,200	1,455	10	0	1,460
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,465	4,255	2,175	30	0	2,195
Other	45	20	30	0	0	30
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	15	25	0	0	30
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	620,390	415,700	201,375	1,990	1,320	202,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	313,495	207,930	103,655	925	985	104,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	306,895	207,775	97,720	1,070	335	98,255
Location of study inside Canada	290,645	194,080	95,840	705	20	96,190
Same as province or territory of residence	229,835	148,360	80,950	505	20	81,205
Different than province or territory of residence	60,810	45,720	14,890	200	0	14,990
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	16,255	13,695	1,875	370	315	2,060
United States^Footnote 130	5,360	4,655	675	30	0	685
Philippines	920	915	0	0	0	0
India	460	455	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,990	1,950	30	0	0	35
China^Footnote 132	1,105	950	0	10	155	10
France	660	40	590	30	0	605
Other	5,755	4,730	580	290	160	725
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	620,390	415,700	201,375	1,995	1,320	not applicable ...
In the labour force	381,790	258,540	121,490	1,340	425	not applicable ...
Employed	339,045	230,790	106,750	1,155	345	not applicable ...
Unemployed	42,745	27,755	14,740	180	75	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	238,600	157,160	79,885	655	900	not applicable ...
Participation rate	61.5	62.2	60.3	67.2	32.2	not applicable ...
Employment rate	54.7	55.5	53.0	57.9	26.1	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	11.2	10.7	12.1	13.4	17.6	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	620,395	415,700	201,375	1,995	1,320	202,375
Did not work^Footnote 135	217,930	144,665	71,830	590	850	72,120
Worked	402,465	271,040	129,550	1,405	470	130,250
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	201,235	141,080	59,490	505	165	59,740
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	201,225	129,965	70,065	895	310	70,510
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.8	39.4	37.2	38.6	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	413,695	279,025	132,650	1,475	535	133,390
a.Management	35,860	26,015	9,695	85	65	9,740
00 Senior management occupations	3,425	2,245	1,165	10	10	1,170
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	11,080	8,040	3,005	30	10	3,020
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	13,910	10,235	3,595	40	35	3,615
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	7,455	5,490	1,930	10	25	1,930
b.Professional	60,630	40,765	19,525	315	30	19,685
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	9,800	6,645	3,120	35	0	3,140
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	9,835	7,445	2,325	55	10	2,350
30 Professional occupations in nursing	8,745	5,525	3,210	15	0	3,215
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	5,320	3,495	1,730	85	10	1,775
40 Professional occupations in education services	14,775	9,615	5,075	70	10	5,110
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	9,295	6,075	3,195	20	0	3,205
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	2,870	1,955	880	30	10	895
c.Technical and paraprofessional	41,035	28,665	12,245	115	10	12,300
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	12,095	8,770	3,285	30	10	3,305
32 Technical occupations in health	9,425	6,305	3,100	10	10	3,105
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	8,045	5,380	2,630	30	0	2,650
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	6,075	4,495	1,565	15	0	1,570
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,395	3,720	1,655	25	0	1,665
d.Administration and administrative support	47,755	32,400	15,195	145	15	15,270
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	20,135	12,835	7,240	50	10	7,265
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	3,810	2,720	1,080	10	0	1,085
14 Office support occupations	16,625	11,585	4,965	65	10	4,995
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	7,190	5,270	1,910	10	0	1,920
e.Sales	41,160	29,710	11,240	170	50	11,320
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	7,425	5,720	1,670	25	10	1,690
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	16,900	12,205	4,590	80	30	4,630
66 Sales support occupations	16,840	11,785	4,975	65	15	5,010
f.Personal and customer information services	83,215	57,370	25,250	385	210	25,440
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	9,070	5,635	3,380	45	0	3,405
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	11,810	8,525	3,230	35	20	3,250
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	13,850	9,270	4,415	50	115	4,435
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	22,675	16,055	6,470	140	0	6,545
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	25,815	17,880	7,750	110	75	7,800
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	33,665	21,280	12,315	35	30	12,335
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	21,270	13,195	8,015	25	30	8,025
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	12,400	8,080	4,305	10	0	4,310
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	32,515	21,350	11,035	110	25	11,090
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	5,520	3,955	1,535	25	0	1,550
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	19,130	12,635	6,435	55	0	6,465
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	7,870	4,765	3,065	20	20	3,075
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	17,210	10,595	6,560	45	10	6,580
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	6,175	3,200	2,950	10	10	2,960
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	5,905	3,550	2,340	15	0	2,345
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	5,130	3,845	1,270	20	0	1,280
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20,640	10,880	9,600	80	90	9,635
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	3,530	2,495	1,035	0	0	1,035
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,110	3,085	2,920	35	65	2,940
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	2,045	1,090	955	10	0	955
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	8,955	4,210	4,690	30	25	4,705
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	413,695	279,030	132,650	1,475	535	133,390
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	17,460	10,155	7,230	50	20	7,255
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	7,920	5,470	2,390	35	20	2,410
113 Forestry and logging	2,970	1,595	1,375	10	0	1,380
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	5,245	2,350	2,890	10	0	2,890
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	1,315	740	575	0	0	575
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,780	3,185	1,590	0	0	1,595
211 Oil and gas extraction	1,200	925	275	0	0	275
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	1,885	1,040	840	0	0	840
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	1,695	1,215	475	0	0	480
22 Utilities	3,535	2,870	670	0	0	665
221 Utilities	3,540	2,870	670	0	0	670
23 Construction	31,040	19,770	11,175	45	55	11,195
236 Construction of buildings	8,135	5,060	3,040	10	25	3,040
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	5,365	3,325	2,030	10	0	2,035
238 Specialty trade contractors	17,545	11,385	6,100	30	30	6,115
31-33 Manufacturing	35,250	19,725	15,310	95	120	15,360
311 Food manufacturing	12,825	6,410	6,270	35	105	6,295
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	695	510	175	10	0	175
313 Textile mills	60	55	0	0	0	10
314 Textile product mills	190	150	40	0	0	40
315 Clothing manufacturing	165	90	60	0	10	60
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	40	35	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	5,120	2,430	2,685	10	0	2,685
322 Paper manufacturing	3,160	2,335	820	10	0	820
323 Printing and related support activities	395	250	150	0	0	145
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	1,185	890	285	10	0	290
325 Chemical manufacturing	645	415	235	0	0	230
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,095	540	535	10	0	545
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	985	600	390	0	0	390
331 Primary metal manufacturing	765	445	325	0	0	325
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,555	1,360	1,195	10	0	1,195
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,260	820	435	0	10	435
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	510	430	80	0	0	80
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	185	145	35	0	0	40
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	880	635	245	0	0	245
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,065	525	535	0	0	540
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,460	660	800	0	0	805
41 Wholesale trade	11,815	8,730	3,045	35	10	3,060
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	50	35	10	0	0	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	1,155	985	170	10	0	170
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,225	1,630	575	15	0	585
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	735	460	275	0	0	275
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,105	820	290	0	0	285
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,600	1,195	400	0	0	400
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,300	2,460	830	10	0	835
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,195	840	355	0	0	355
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	440	305	135	0	0	135
44-45 Retail trade	51,085	36,540	14,330	165	45	14,415
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	6,755	4,710	2,030	20	0	2,035
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,470	970	485	10	0	490
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,140	835	305	0	0	305
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	4,070	2,870	1,190	15	0	1,195
445 Food and beverage stores	12,990	9,125	3,810	25	30	3,825
446 Health and personal care stores	5,515	3,980	1,520	10	0	1,525
447 Gasoline stations	2,630	1,870	750	20	10	755
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	3,880	2,700	1,160	20	0	1,170
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,685	1,235	445	10	0	445
452 General merchandise stores	6,925	5,200	1,685	45	0	1,705
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,670	2,010	660	10	0	660
454 Non-store retailers	1,360	1,055	290	0	10	295
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	19,260	14,085	5,060	100	15	5,110
481 Air transportation	580	400	170	15	0	175
482 Rail transportation	600	355	245	0	0	245
483 Water transportation	420	360	55	10	0	60
484 Truck transportation	8,600	6,100	2,465	30	0	2,480
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,640	1,240	375	20	0	390
486 Pipeline transportation	20	20	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	40	30	10	0	0	10
488 Support activities for transportation	2,620	2,035	560	15	0	570
491 Postal service	1,870	1,325	535	10	0	535
492 Couriers and messengers	2,005	1,575	415	10	0	425
493 Warehousing and storage	875	655	225	0	0	220
51 Information and cultural industries	7,210	5,180	1,995	30	10	2,010
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,250	925	325	0	0	330
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	560	380	175	0	0	180
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	685	375	310	0	0	310
517 Telecommunications	3,445	2,560	860	15	10	870
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	320	295	25	0	0	25
519 Other information services	950	640	290	15	0	300
52 Finance and insurance	13,170	8,630	4,485	50	10	4,510
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,805	3,565	2,220	15	0	2,230
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,140	830	305	0	10	300
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	6,150	4,180	1,940	25	0	1,955
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	75	55	20	0	0	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,275	3,355	890	20	10	900
531 Real estate	3,375	2,680	685	10	0	690
532 Rental and leasing services	870	665	195	10	10	195
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	30	20	15	0	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,785	14,160	4,555	50	20	4,580
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,785	14,160	4,555	55	15	4,585
55 Management of companies and enterprises	380	330	50	0	0	50
551 Management of companies and enterprises	385	335	50	0	0	50
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	21,010	16,275	4,570	140	35	4,640
561 Administrative and support services	19,890	15,455	4,270	135	30	4,335
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,120	820	305	0	0	310
61 Educational services	28,675	19,000	9,555	115	10	9,605
611 Educational services	28,670	19,000	9,550	110	10	9,605
62 Health care and social assistance	55,130	35,200	19,675	220	35	19,790
621 Ambulatory health care services	12,820	8,505	4,245	55	10	4,275
622 Hospitals	18,100	10,810	7,190	75	25	7,225
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	12,710	7,860	4,805	50	0	4,830
624 Social assistance	11,500	8,030	3,430	40	0	3,450
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,405	5,325	2,045	25	0	2,055
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,580	1,165	415	0	0	415
712 Heritage institutions	1,180	725	445	10	0	450
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	4,640	3,435	1,185	15	10	1,195
72 Accommodation and food services	29,000	20,965	7,750	160	125	7,830
721 Accommodation services	5,195	3,675	1,490	15	10	1,505
722 Food services and drinking places	23,805	17,290	6,260	140	115	6,330
81 Other services (except public administration)	19,190	12,780	6,320	60	25	6,350
811 Repair and maintenance	6,450	4,145	2,290	20	0	2,300
812 Personal and laundry services	5,765	3,755	1,980	25	10	1,985
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	5,665	3,920	1,720	15	10	1,730
814 Private households	1,305	965	330	0	10	330
91 Public administration	35,240	22,765	12,365	115	0	12,420
911 Federal government public administration	18,765	11,760	6,930	70	0	6,965
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	9,795	6,285	3,495	15	0	3,505
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	6,225	4,285	1,920	20	0	1,930
914 Aboriginal public administration	445	435	10	0	0	10
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	15	0	10	10	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	339,045	230,790	106,750	1,155	350	107,330
Worked at home	19,445	13,545	5,790	85	30	5,835
Worked outside Canada	1,320	980	275	10	55	280
No fixed workplace address	37,925	26,100	11,705	95	20	11,755
Worked at usual place	280,360	190,165	88,985	965	250	89,465
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	413,695	279,030	132,650	1,475	540	133,390
English	304,770	269,800	34,260	540	170	34,535
French	89,240	4,405	84,560	275	10	84,695
Non-official language	1,105	730	10	30	350	15
Aboriginal	250	245	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	855	480	0	25	350	15
English and French	18,050	3,645	13,800	605	0	14,105
English and non-official language	480	435	0	20	15	15
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	15	25	10	0	30
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	413,695	279,030	132,650	1,480	540	133,390
None	322,050	253,850	66,725	1,060	415	67,250
English	44,920	3,635	41,100	165	30	41,180
French	44,415	19,515	24,665	230	0	24,780
Non-official language	2,090	1,880	115	0	90	115
Aboriginal	610	605	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	1,475	1,280	105	0	90	105
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	55	20	35	0	0	30
French and non-official language	165	125	20	15	0	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	280,360	190,165	88,985	965	245	89,465
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	127,225	89,685	36,835	515	190	37,090
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	97,225	56,560	40,325	310	35	40,480
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50,560	40,420	10,015	105	20	10,070
Commute to a different province or territory	5,345	3,500	1,810	35	0	1,825
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	318,285	216,270	100,685	1,060	270	101,220
Car, truck, van - as a driver	266,035	177,600	87,520	800	120	87,920
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,455	18,090	6,155	90	110	6,205
Public transit	7,290	5,690	1,520	70	15	1,550
Walked	14,655	11,035	3,510	85	25	3,550
Bicycle	1,205	850	350	0	0	355
Other method	4,650	3,005	1,635	10	0	1,635
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	318,285	216,265	100,690	1,065	270	101,220
Less than 15 minutes	135,695	89,430	45,545	560	160	45,820
15 to 29 minutes	118,075	82,195	35,490	300	90	35,640
30 to 44 minutes	39,230	27,010	12,080	125	10	12,145
45 to 59 minutes	12,945	9,185	3,715	35	10	3,735
60 minutes and over	12,340	8,440	3,850	40	10	3,875
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	318,285	216,265	100,685	1,065	270	101,215
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,855	11,665	6,095	55	40	6,120
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	51,825	34,945	16,735	125	25	16,800
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	112,455	73,395	38,770	240	50	38,890
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	64,235	44,490	19,425	310	20	19,580
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,595	18,945	6,365	180	105	6,455
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,320	32,835	13,295	160	30	13,380
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	724,030	490,480	228,500	2,920	2,130	229,965
Non-movers	641,310	430,385	207,800	2,360	765	208,980
Movers	82,720	60,085	20,705	560	1,365	20,985
Non-migrants	45,630	33,895	11,350	305	85	11,500
Migrants	37,090	26,195	9,355	260	1,285	9,480
Internal migrants	32,585	23,575	8,820	160	30	8,900
Intraprovincial migrants	21,995	15,235	6,635	110	15	6,685
Interprovincial migrants	10,585	8,345	2,185	50	10	2,210
External migrants	4,505	2,620	535	95	1,255	585
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	696,155	470,455	221,285	2,675	1,740	222,620
Non-movers	480,835	316,310	162,835	1,425	265	163,540
Movers	215,320	154,140	58,455	1,250	1,475	59,080
Non-migrants	113,835	82,010	31,290	450	80	31,515
Migrants	101,485	72,125	27,165	800	1,395	27,570
Internal migrants	89,980	63,930	25,665	350	35	25,840
Intraprovincial migrants	60,645	41,185	19,275	165	20	19,360
Interprovincial migrants	29,335	22,740	6,395	185	20	6,485
External migrants	11,510	8,200	1,495	450	1,360	1,725

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – New Brunswick / Nouveau-Brunswick

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.