Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Quebec / Québec
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	7,965,450	960,110	6,657,465	275,625	72,255	1,097,920
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	7,965,450	960,110	6,657,465	275,630	72,255	1,097,920
0 to 14 years	1,331,170	142,365	1,120,345	45,440	23,025	165,085
0 to 4 years	444,495	44,720	369,430	11,040	19,305	50,240
5 to 9 years	468,725	48,780	401,090	15,950	2,905	56,755
10 to 14 years	417,950	48,865	349,820	18,450	815	58,090
15 to 64 years	5,295,950	670,550	4,397,595	205,230	22,575	773,170
15 to 19 years	427,730	54,500	349,725	22,940	570	65,970
20 to 24 years	496,280	68,955	403,585	23,070	670	80,490
25 to 29 years	492,495	68,685	401,775	20,880	1,155	79,125
30 to 34 years	512,675	68,745	417,580	24,980	1,365	81,235
35 to 39 years	547,565	67,065	450,675	27,770	2,045	80,950
40 to 44 years	503,385	67,245	409,220	24,740	2,175	79,615
45 to 49 years	515,715	72,350	419,005	21,485	2,875	83,090
50 to 54 years	614,040	76,365	517,670	16,515	3,500	84,620
55 to 59 years	630,235	68,825	544,745	12,860	3,805	75,260
60 to 64 years	555,845	57,810	483,610	10,005	4,410	62,815
65 years and over	1,338,330	147,195	1,139,525	24,950	26,655	159,675
65 to 69 years	479,845	51,075	414,660	9,020	5,095	55,585
70 to 74 years	359,455	35,200	312,985	6,070	5,205	38,230
75 to 79 years	235,730	26,060	199,120	4,950	5,600	28,535
80 to 84 years	152,475	18,655	125,570	3,015	5,245	20,160
85 years and over	110,825	16,210	87,195	1,905	5,515	17,165
85 to 89 years	79,460	11,015	63,515	1,395	3,530	11,715
90 to 94 years	26,115	4,215	19,930	440	1,530	4,435
95 to 99 years	4,820	910	3,455	70	395	940
100 years and over	430	70	290	10	60	75
Average age	41.1	40.7	41.3	35.8	44.7	not applicable ...
Median age	41.7	40.8	42.2	35.1	53.3	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	6,634,280	817,750	5,537,125	230,185	49,230	932,840
Married or living common law	3,798,570	452,075	3,189,060	128,655	28,795	516,395
Married	2,299,280	365,470	1,789,315	116,655	27,845	423,800
Living common law	1,499,295	86,605	1,399,745	12,000	950	92,595
Not married and not living common law	2,835,705	365,675	2,348,065	101,535	20,435	416,440
Never married	1,963,595	257,380	1,621,455	80,630	4,130	297,695
Separated	98,955	16,025	77,430	4,060	1,440	18,060
Divorced	466,205	56,855	394,350	11,985	3,015	62,845
Widowed	306,950	35,415	254,825	4,860	11,850	37,845
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,120	230,185	49,230	932,840
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,417,010	781,910	5,372,420	215,395	47,285	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,546	44,926	42,712	35,406	16,880	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,995	30,022	33,933	26,720	16,117	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,418,440	782,090	5,373,645	215,420	47,295	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,887	35,972	35,090	30,012	16,120	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,549	27,416	30,211	25,163	16,042	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,685,905	681,005	4,788,360	192,225	24,310	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,505	44,652	40,342	33,380	12,835	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,085	28,452	30,735	23,613	8,388	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,972,645	608,430	4,143,855	174,825	45,540	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,757	8,759	6,920	10,676	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,320	5,087	7,697	3,574	11,763	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,627,780	557,280	3,895,520	162,980	12,005	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,382	43,476	40,268	34,234	17,366	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,286	29,261	31,909	25,876	14,270	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	84.4	86.6	84.2	84.1	39.1	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	68.4	69.0	68.4	73.2	26.1	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	15.6	13.4	15.8	15.9	60.9	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,125	230,185	49,225	932,840
Without total income	217,270	35,835	164,705	14,790	1,940	43,230
With total income	6,417,010	781,905	5,372,415	215,395	47,290	889,605
Percentage with total income	96.7	95.6	97.0	93.6	96.1	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	787,550	128,335	605,415	41,635	12,165	149,150
$10,000 to $19,999	1,189,560	145,640	979,855	41,980	22,085	166,635
$20,000 to $29,999	976,655	116,730	817,230	34,380	8,310	133,920
$30,000 to $39,999	851,285	93,600	728,235	26,580	2,865	106,890
$40,000 to $49,999	747,820	76,795	648,070	21,990	960	87,795
$50,000 to $59,999	543,060	55,500	472,035	15,120	410	63,055
$60,000 to $69,999	374,685	41,105	323,395	10,005	175	46,110
$70,000 to $79,999	286,470	31,220	248,110	7,020	125	34,730
$80,000 to $89,999	189,465	22,275	162,085	5,055	45	24,805
$90,000 to $99,999	122,190	15,160	103,580	3,415	35	16,870
$100,000 and over	348,270	55,545	284,410	8,210	110	59,650
$100,000 to $149,999	236,085	33,360	196,700	5,940	80	36,335
$150,000 and over	112,185	22,180	87,705	2,270	30	23,315
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,120	230,185	49,230	932,840
Without after-tax income	215,840	35,655	163,480	14,770	1,935	43,040
With after-tax income	6,418,440	782,090	5,373,645	215,420	47,290	889,795
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	95.6	97.0	93.6	96.1	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	820,190	132,145	633,625	42,135	12,290	153,215
$10,000 to $19,999	1,248,670	152,530	1,030,180	43,660	22,295	174,360
$20,000 to $29,999	1,191,250	139,400	1,003,055	40,020	8,775	159,410
$30,000 to $39,999	1,095,650	115,965	944,005	32,970	2,720	132,445
$40,000 to $49,999	796,145	82,495	689,690	23,235	730	94,110
$50,000 to $59,999	499,275	54,275	431,395	13,365	240	60,955
$60,000 to $69,999	308,105	35,175	264,555	8,285	90	39,320
$70,000 to $79,999	167,430	21,160	141,410	4,810	50	23,565
$80,000 and over	291,720	48,955	235,735	6,940	95	52,420
$80,000 to $89,999	95,615	13,475	79,610	2,490	35	14,720
$90,000 to $99,999	55,880	8,560	45,825	1,465	25	9,295
$100,000 and over	140,225	26,920	110,295	2,980	30	28,405
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,125	230,185	49,225	932,840
Without employment income	2,006,505	260,470	1,641,600	67,205	37,225	294,075
With employment income	4,627,780	557,275	3,895,520	162,980	12,000	638,765
Percentage with employment income	69.8	68.1	70.4	70.8	24.4	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	606,970	76,530	504,785	23,395	2,260	88,230
$5,000 to $9,999	366,690	47,575	301,120	16,125	1,870	55,640
$10,000 to $19,999	681,975	86,070	563,730	28,345	3,825	100,240
$20,000 to $29,999	584,510	73,025	486,715	22,445	2,325	84,250
$30,000 to $39,999	566,160	61,895	483,675	19,675	915	71,730
$40,000 to $49,999	476,250	50,970	409,270	15,600	410	58,770
$50,000 to $59,999	360,635	38,950	310,170	11,350	170	44,625
$60,000 to $69,999	266,985	29,480	229,915	7,490	105	33,220
$70,000 to $79,999	224,465	24,145	194,745	5,535	35	26,915
$80,000 and over	493,140	68,635	411,395	13,020	90	75,150
$80,000 to $89,999	139,685	16,455	119,270	3,940	20	18,425
$90,000 to $99,999	93,300	11,165	79,355	2,765	15	12,545
$100,000 and over	260,155	41,020	212,770	6,310	50	44,175
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,125	230,185	49,225	932,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	2,036,965	254,325	1,711,480	68,090	3,075	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	47,111	47,561	47,287	43,180	22,389	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	56,564	62,247	56,016	50,570	24,815	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	7,965,450	960,105	6,657,465	275,630	72,255	1,097,920
English only	368,765	368,760	0	0	0	368,765
French only	3,960,415	0	3,960,415	0	0	0
English and French	3,561,930	590,785	2,695,665	275,475	0	728,525
Neither English nor French	74,340	560	1,380	150	72,250	635
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	7,965,450	960,105	6,657,460	275,625	72,250	1,097,925
English	780,745	709,405	71,340	0	0	709,410
French	6,283,305	52,140	6,231,165	0	0	52,140
Non-official language	588,890	126,615	172,325	217,695	72,250	235,465
Aboriginal	40,065	18,145	11,710	6,520	3,690	21,405
Non-Aboriginal	548,825	108,475	160,615	211,180	68,565	214,060
English and French	82,940	14,710	36,530	31,695	0	30,560
English and non-official language	53,420	52,630	790	0	0	52,630
French and non-official language	137,285	855	136,430	0	0	855
English, French and non-official language	38,870	3,750	8,880	26,235	0	16,865
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	7,965,450	960,110	6,657,465	275,625	72,250	1,097,925
None	6,737,375	615,540	5,911,495	143,405	66,925	687,245
English	504,800	79,110	391,515	33,060	1,110	95,645
French	318,470	129,990	129,975	56,300	2,205	158,140
Non-official language	318,420	112,380	194,465	9,955	1,625	117,360
Aboriginal	5,530	3,230	2,235	70	0	3,265
Non-Aboriginal	312,890	109,155	192,230	9,885	1,625	114,095
English and French	35,510	1,580	2,735	30,850	345	17,005
English and non-official language	26,895	1,490	25,050	345	0	1,660
French and non-official language	22,505	19,910	2,165	410	15	20,120
English, French and non-official language	1,480	100	65	1,300	10	750
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	7,965,450	960,105	6,657,460	275,630	72,255	1,097,920
English	598,045	594,595	3,455	0	0	594,595
French	6,129,855	1,860	6,127,995	0	0	1,860
Non-official language	1,062,890	317,380	430,540	242,720	72,250	438,740
Aboriginal	45,390	20,805	14,320	6,555	3,705	24,090
Non-Aboriginal	1,017,505	296,570	416,220	236,165	68,550	414,655
English and French	67,995	16,595	27,180	24,220	0	28,705
English and non-official language	25,730	25,475	255	0	0	25,470
French and non-official language	64,900	345	64,555	0	0	350
English, French and non-official language	16,035	3,860	3,485	8,690	0	8,200
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	7,965,450	960,110	6,657,465	275,630	72,255	1,097,920
Official languages	7,891,110	959,545	6,656,080	275,480	0	1,097,290
English	3,930,695	959,550	2,695,665	275,475	0	1,097,285
French	7,522,345	590,785	6,656,080	275,475	0	728,525
Non-official languages	1,610,980	437,005	845,850	255,870	72,255	564,940
Aboriginal languages	50,890	23,450	17,120	6,635	3,695	26,765
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,560,375	413,635	828,895	249,280	68,565	538,275
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	7,965,450	960,110	6,657,465	275,630	72,250	1,097,925
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	182,885	41,170	130,710	7,265	3,740	44,805
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	175,955	40,185	124,815	7,230	3,730	43,795
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	92,655	26,460	59,980	4,450	1,765	28,685
Métis	69,365	5,680	63,285	385	10	5,875
Inuk (Inuit)	13,940	8,045	1,550	2,395	1,955	9,240
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	2,760	400	2,340	20	0	410
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	4,170	580	3,560	20	10	595
Non-Aboriginal identity	7,782,565	918,940	6,526,750	268,360	68,515	1,053,120
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	7,965,455	960,105	6,657,460	275,630	72,255	1,097,920
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	77,490	24,065	47,420	4,310	1,695	26,220
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,887,960	936,045	6,610,045	271,315	70,555	1,071,700
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	7,965,455	960,110	6,657,465	275,625	72,255	1,097,925
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	118,780	25,495	84,540	5,515	3,235	28,250
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	115,480	24,635	82,290	5,380	3,175	27,325
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	87,695	18,165	64,280	3,615	1,635	19,970
Métis single ancestry	17,585	645	16,885	60	0	675
Inuit single ancestry	10,200	5,825	1,130	1,705	1,540	6,675
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	3,300	860	2,250	140	55	930
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,220	185	2,015	15	0	195
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	1,000	655	175	115	45	715
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	15	40	10	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	240,645	27,895	209,460	2,800	500	29,295
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	235,370	26,835	205,400	2,670	455	28,175
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	193,625	19,860	171,890	1,775	110	20,745
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	37,085	4,975	31,810	295	0	5,120
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,660	2,005	1,700	605	350	2,310
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	5,275	1,060	4,055	125	45	1,120
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,045	445	3,560	35	0	460
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	985	510	355	90	35	555
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	95	130	0	0	95
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	10	10	0	0	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	7,606,025	906,720	6,363,470	267,315	68,525	1,040,380
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	7,965,450	960,105	6,657,465	275,625	72,250	1,097,925
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	7,585,540	865,440	6,442,890	228,085	49,130	979,480
Canadian citizens only	7,254,480	803,255	6,241,180	167,990	42,050	887,250
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	331,060	62,190	201,710	60,090	7,080	92,230
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	379,910	94,665	214,575	47,545	23,120	118,440
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	7,965,455	960,110	6,657,460	275,630	72,250	1,097,920
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	6,788,080	660,575	6,020,320	86,490	20,700	703,820
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	1,091,305	270,005	591,120	182,335	47,845	361,175
Before 1981	238,655	90,290	107,375	29,615	11,375	105,100
1981 to 1990	127,345	32,890	66,270	21,580	6,600	43,685
1991 to 2000	187,860	48,115	97,320	33,675	8,745	64,955
2001 to 2010	322,280	59,070	189,875	64,950	8,380	91,545
2001 to 2005	140,165	27,405	79,240	29,730	3,790	42,275
2006 to 2010	182,115	31,660	110,635	35,225	4,590	49,275
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	215,170	39,635	130,280	32,510	12,745	55,890
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	86,065	29,530	46,025	6,800	3,705	32,930
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	1,091,305	270,005	591,120	182,335	47,850	361,170
Under 5 years	112,930	24,445	72,065	14,280	2,145	31,585
5 to 14 years	174,025	41,525	93,560	37,095	1,840	60,070
15 to 24 years	215,350	64,765	106,230	38,285	6,070	83,910
25 to 44 years	515,770	122,800	286,425	87,290	19,265	166,445
45 years and over	73,230	16,470	32,840	5,385	18,530	19,165
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	1,091,305	270,005	591,120	182,335	47,845	361,170
Americas	247,500	49,540	152,810	39,185	5,970	69,130
Brazil	7,345	1,275	2,825	3,145	100	2,845
Colombia	25,575	1,720	15,670	7,100	1,085	5,270
El Salvador	11,120	1,225	6,275	3,000	620	2,725
Guyana	2,490	2,475	10	0	0	2,480
Haiti	80,965	1,060	74,790	3,590	1,525	2,855
Jamaica	4,665	4,640	30	0	0	4,640
Mexico	15,820	2,170	7,980	5,345	320	4,845
Peru	13,260	1,155	8,020	3,465	625	2,885
Trinidad and Tobago	4,075	4,025	45	0	0	4,020
United States^{Footnote 47}	25,955	16,520	8,035	1,360	50	17,195
Other places of birth in Americas	56,240	13,285	29,125	12,180	1,650	19,375
Europe	311,090	79,845	165,645	53,320	12,290	106,500
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,790	460	2,170	1,030	130	975
Croatia	2,140	1,015	620	440	65	1,235
France	81,225	945	79,640	625	15	1,255
Germany	9,750	5,510	3,185	1,025	25	6,020
Greece	18,420	11,750	865	2,810	3,000	13,150
Hungary	3,320	2,285	555	360	115	2,465
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	815	770	25	20	0	780
Italy	51,020	14,640	20,230	11,300	4,855	20,290
Netherlands	1,985	1,340	450	195	0	1,440
Poland	10,735	5,185	2,730	2,545	270	6,460
Portugal	18,985	3,780	11,090	2,785	1,330	5,175
Romania	28,695	3,535	11,075	13,445	630	10,260
Russian Federation	11,350	3,550	3,715	3,540	550	5,320
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	1,785	700	510	515	60	960
Ukraine	8,665	2,405	2,945	2,850	465	3,835
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	12,905	12,220	485	190	10	12,315
Other places of birth in Europe	45,500	9,735	25,350	9,650	760	14,565
Africa	241,410	16,910	197,010	25,385	2,100	29,600
Algeria	59,465	490	53,295	5,395	280	3,190
Egypt	19,495	5,705	8,815	4,575	395	7,995
Ethiopia	995	525	205	265	0	660
Kenya	785	585	110	85	0	625
Morocco	60,700	995	51,910	7,115	670	4,555
Nigeria	1,340	1,165	135	40	0	1,185
Somalia	580	180	275	95	25	225
South Africa, Republic of	860	695	140	25	10	710
Other places of birth in Africa	97,200	6,575	82,120	7,780	725	10,465
Asia	289,825	122,590	75,330	64,420	27,485	154,800
Afghanistan	7,280	1,555	1,880	2,675	1,170	2,890
Bangladesh	7,940	5,450	410	1,635	450	6,270
China^{Footnote 51}	49,555	19,810	11,530	10,020	8,190	24,825
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	4,725	3,165	275	830	460	3,580
India	17,870	13,355	435	2,280	1,800	14,495
Iran^{Footnote 53}	17,765	7,605	2,930	6,480	740	10,850
Iraq	3,735	1,695	880	710	450	2,050
Japan	1,725	1,015	420	260	30	1,150
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	4,225	2,065	1,095	815	250	2,480
Lebanon	39,140	6,670	19,790	11,260	1,420	12,300
Pakistan	10,010	6,405	840	2,185	580	7,495
Philippines	24,410	21,860	570	1,825	150	22,775
Sri Lanka	10,715	7,560	440	1,745	970	8,430
Syria^{Footnote 55}	17,780	4,175	5,455	4,995	3,155	6,675
Taiwan	2,735	1,380	590	520	250	1,640
Viet Nam	25,435	4,385	10,825	6,575	3,655	7,675
Other places of birth in Asia	44,790	14,445	16,975	9,595	3,775	19,245
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	1,475	1,125	330	25	0	1,135
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	215,170	39,635	130,280	32,505	12,745	55,890
Americas	47,710	7,030	29,735	8,725	2,220	11,395
Brazil	3,010	435	1,155	1,335	85	1,105
Colombia	7,540	480	4,500	2,025	535	1,490
Cuba	2,565	250	1,560	560	195	535
Haiti	16,875	205	15,445	805	425	610
Jamaica	190	190	0	0	0	190
Mexico	4,210	650	1,960	1,430	165	1,365
United States^{Footnote 58}	3,985	2,535	1,100	310	40	2,685
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	1,955	285	680	895	95	730
Other places of birth in Americas	7,365	1,995	3,335	1,355	680	2,675
Europe	39,320	4,355	28,125	5,615	1,220	7,160
France	20,030	95	19,800	115	15	155
Germany	580	260	215	100	0	310
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	140	110	15	15	0	110
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	3,750	260	2,120	1,215	160	865
Romania	2,945	200	1,110	1,390	245	900
Russian Federation	1,970	500	595	660	210	830
Ukraine	2,460	505	1,010	705	245	855
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	855	750	55	45	0	770
Other places of birth in Europe	6,590	1,685	3,200	1,370	340	2,370
Africa	74,200	4,140	62,090	6,790	1,180	7,535
Algeria	16,380	140	14,895	1,160	185	720
Cameroon	7,555	395	7,030	105	20	450
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,375	95	3,095	125	60	155
Côte d'Ivoire	5,070	25	4,995	40	0	50
Egypt	4,360	1,425	1,400	1,365	165	2,105
Eritrea	50	35	10	10	0	35
Ethiopia	125	50	40	35	0	65
Morocco	13,475	240	11,190	1,695	355	1,085
Nigeria	540	480	50	10	0	485
Somalia	95	10	70	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	175	125	40	10	0	130
Tunisia	5,855	55	4,775	960	65	535
Other places of birth in Africa	17,155	1,065	14,500	1,265	330	1,700
Asia	53,595	23,875	10,220	11,375	8,125	29,565
Afghanistan	1,555	435	255	425	445	645
Bangladesh	860	620	20	120	105	680
China^{Footnote 63}	10,705	4,315	1,865	2,155	2,380	5,390
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	115	60	30	15	10	70
India	2,960	2,190	70	340	365	2,355
Iran^{Footnote 65}	7,505	2,950	1,170	3,105	275	4,505
Iraq	980	275	310	160	235	355
Israel	645	280	205	100	55	335
Japan	330	230	75	25	0	240
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	825	420	145	200	70	520
Lebanon	3,955	760	1,870	1,190	140	1,355
Nepal	360	65	180	70	45	100
Pakistan	1,815	1,080	225	270	245	1,215
Philippines	5,640	5,020	160	435	20	5,235
Saudi Arabia	435	220	110	105	0	275
Sri Lanka	855	550	35	125	150	615
Syria^{Footnote 67}	7,455	2,175	1,390	1,310	2,580	2,830
Taiwan	170	120	20	15	15	125
Turkey	590	195	220	60	110	225
United Arab Emirates	300	165	65	50	15	190
Viet Nam	1,505	430	455	280	340	575
Other places of birth in Asia	4,030	1,315	1,350	830	530	1,730
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	345	235	110	0	0	235
Australia	190	175	15	0	0	170
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	160	60	100	0	0	60
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	7,965,455	960,110	6,657,465	275,630	72,250	1,097,925
First generation^{Footnote 71}	1,204,895	308,495	654,125	190,385	51,895	403,690
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	792,085	266,365	447,675	62,605	15,440	297,665
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	5,968,475	385,250	5,555,660	22,640	4,925	396,565
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	867,685	183,010	492,380	154,905	37,390	260,465
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	469,015	86,820	277,505	96,200	8,490	134,925
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	224,720	44,580	132,925	44,120	3,090	66,640
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	244,300	42,245	144,575	52,080	5,405	68,285
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	241,225	63,295	133,050	28,115	16,760	77,350
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	146,290	29,900	76,000	28,985	11,410	44,390
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	11,145	2,990	5,825	1,605	720	3,795
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	7,965,450	960,110	6,657,460	275,630	72,250	1,097,925
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	1,032,365	254,855	588,500	143,910	45,095	326,810
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	90,330	55,440	11,200	17,305	6,385	64,090
Chinese	99,505	41,385	26,135	19,875	12,115	51,320
Black	319,230	52,510	253,515	10,480	2,725	57,750
Filipino	34,910	30,845	1,245	2,630	185	32,160
Latin American	133,915	13,490	79,750	33,965	6,710	30,475
Arab	213,740	22,060	152,905	31,335	7,445	37,725
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	62,825	10,255	35,625	11,820	5,120	16,165
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	32,405	10,460	8,405	10,755	2,785	15,835
Korean	8,055	4,070	2,130	1,320	540	4,730
Japanese	4,570	2,520	1,500	470	85	2,755
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	9,845	3,575	5,055	1,070	140	4,110
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	23,045	8,255	11,035	2,890	865	9,700
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	6,933,085	705,255	6,068,965	131,715	27,155	771,110
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	7,965,450	960,105	6,657,465	275,625	72,250	1,097,925
North American Aboriginal origins	359,425	53,390	293,995	8,315	3,725	57,545
First Nations (North American Indian)	289,610	39,830	242,300	5,645	1,835	42,655
Inuit	17,180	9,120	3,560	2,520	1,975	10,380
Métis	61,265	6,370	54,470	405	20	6,575
Other North American origins	4,850,150	219,975	4,611,430	16,680	2,065	228,315
Acadian	34,785	2,585	32,010	185	0	2,680
American	45,050	17,130	26,805	900	210	17,580
Canadian	4,647,835	203,585	4,427,270	15,150	1,830	211,160
New Brunswicker	745	60	685	0	0	60
Newfoundlander	570	425	115	25	0	440
Nova Scotian	365	195	145	20	0	205
Ontarian	1,345	185	1,135	25	0	195
Québécois	184,005	3,755	179,125	1,005	115	4,260
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	210	65	125	15	0	70
European origins	3,037,885	602,410	2,307,765	108,315	19,395	656,570
British Isles origins	745,715	281,005	454,025	10,165	515	286,090
Channel Islander	1,440	230	1,205	10	0	235
Cornish	75	65	10	0	0	60
English	228,520	134,130	89,900	4,320	170	136,290
Irish	446,215	136,530	304,940	4,645	100	138,855
Manx	200	145	60	0	0	145
Scottish	215,025	107,945	103,375	3,450	260	109,665
Welsh	10,765	9,270	1,240	255	0	9,395
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	32,525	24,450	7,425	630	15	24,770
French origins	1,878,800	108,335	1,757,905	12,000	565	114,330
Alsatian	1,045	80	940	20	0	95
Breton	11,140	125	10,960	50	0	155
Corsican	1,270	10	1,245	15	0	20
French	1,870,540	108,205	1,749,805	11,970	560	114,190
Western European origins (except French origins)	244,375	77,170	159,040	7,585	580	80,965
Austrian	12,710	7,350	4,600	700	65	7,700
Bavarian	45	25	10	10	0	30
Belgian	51,345	3,955	46,815	535	40	4,225
Dutch	26,000	14,675	10,340	935	55	15,145
Flemish	1,340	225	1,100	20	0	230
Frisian	20	15	0	0	0	15
German	142,230	52,075	84,480	5,285	390	54,715
Luxembourger	915	90	805	20	10	95
Swiss	24,500	4,715	19,025	690	70	5,060
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	125	75	50	0	0	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,460	14,695	10,105	630	35	15,010
Danish	5,700	3,635	1,880	175	10	3,725
Finnish	3,130	2,240	805	75	10	2,285
Icelandic	955	640	290	25	10	650
Norwegian	7,815	4,110	3,505	180	20	4,200
Swedish	6,840	4,405	2,250	180	0	4,500
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	2,495	825	1,665	0	0	830
Eastern European origins	249,940	115,855	88,230	40,340	5,515	136,025
Bulgarian	9,570	1,930	3,930	3,455	250	3,665
Byelorussian	2,530	1,000	805	565	150	1,285
Czech	6,295	3,420	2,255	545	75	3,690
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	2,150	1,335	720	85	0	1,380
Estonian	890	665	145	65	20	695
Hungarian	28,280	16,270	7,860	3,045	1,100	17,795
Latvian	1,740	1,305	285	145	10	1,375
Lithuanian	6,625	4,600	1,735	260	30	4,730
Moldovan	7,620	600	4,230	2,315	480	1,755
Polish	79,040	45,325	26,715	6,185	810	48,415
Romanian	53,055	15,185	20,020	16,475	1,375	23,420
Russian	55,235	30,115	14,940	8,535	1,645	34,380
Slovak	4,770	2,875	1,475	370	50	3,060
Ukrainian	42,545	21,530	14,370	5,530	1,120	24,295
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	2,900	2,505	195	140	60	2,570
Southern European origins	549,750	213,450	269,590	54,100	12,605	240,500
Albanian	3,760	995	1,650	940	170	1,465
Bosnian	2,970	430	1,895	525	125	690
Catalan	735	110	550	80	0	150
Croatian	6,745	3,270	2,420	980	70	3,760
Cypriot	480	300	95	80	15	340
Greek	71,330	45,790	13,970	8,140	3,430	49,860
Italian	326,700	133,230	162,090	25,485	5,895	145,975
Kosovar	505	30	345	65	65	60
Macedonian	775	335	255	160	25	415
Maltese	1,220	535	670	20	0	540
Montenegrin	450	165	140	135	10	235
Portuguese	69,805	19,735	40,980	7,385	1,700	23,435
Serbian	5,950	1,930	2,395	1,500	125	2,680
Sicilian	1,440	455	940	30	10	475
Slovenian	2,510	1,605	720	185	0	1,695
Spanish	85,360	16,650	54,060	13,190	1,460	23,245
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	3,270	1,130	1,765	330	40	1,300
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	300	65	195	35	15	80
Other European origins	38,670	18,515	15,910	3,415	835	20,220
Basque	3,625	335	3,075	210	10	440
Jewish	25,240	15,375	6,445	2,730	685	16,740
Roma (Gypsy)	470	120	285	45	25	140
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	360	160	140	50	10	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	9,215	2,650	6,030	410	125	2,855
Caribbean origins	201,630	38,690	152,625	8,080	2,240	42,725
Antiguan	380	350	25	0	0	355
Bahamian	435	280	130	30	0	290
Barbadian	5,575	4,890	580	100	10	4,935
Bermudan	115	95	25	0	0	90
Carib	410	365	30	15	0	370
Cuban	9,830	1,260	6,800	1,430	335	1,980
Dominican	11,560	1,220	8,720	1,265	345	1,860
Grenadian	1,965	1,860	85	20	0	1,870
Guadeloupean	1,010	25	970	10	0	30
Haitian	143,165	4,565	132,380	4,705	1,525	6,915
Jamaican	14,100	11,980	1,775	315	25	12,140
Kittitian/Nevisian	360	340	20	0	0	340
Martinican	1,775	75	1,695	0	0	80
Montserratan	240	230	0	15	0	235
Puerto Rican	530	245	210	75	0	280
St. Lucian	860	660	155	40	0	680
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,585	5,615	805	160	0	5,695
Vincentian/Grenadinian	4,015	3,835	110	75	0	3,870
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	5,635	4,315	1,200	95	25	4,360
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	4,200	2,140	1,955	80	25	2,180
Latin, Central and South American origins	167,280	24,725	99,495	36,105	6,945	42,780
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,095	910	3,615	1,325	250	1,575
Arawak	185	115	70	0	0	115
Argentinian	4,950	985	2,920	975	65	1,470
Belizean	80	45	30	0	0	45
Bolivian	1,730	295	1,155	265	20	425
Brazilian	8,345	1,665	3,955	2,370	360	2,845
Chilean	14,060	1,315	10,400	2,100	240	2,370
Colombian	33,965	2,910	21,135	8,060	1,860	6,940
Costa Rican	1,185	235	580	290	70	385
Ecuadorian	2,725	430	1,635	535	130	695
Guatemalan	10,175	835	6,425	2,145	770	1,905
Guyanese	3,670	3,255	360	55	0	3,280
Hispanic	1,155	320	600	220	15	430
Honduran	4,340	470	2,820	815	235	875
Maya	1,670	230	1,015	360	65	410
Mexican	26,930	4,465	14,995	6,405	1,070	7,665
Nicaraguan	2,810	430	1,725	550	105	700
Panamanian	1,465	365	785	295	20	515
Paraguayan	365	40	205	105	15	95
Peruvian	19,735	2,015	13,025	3,895	800	3,965
Salvadorean	19,200	2,060	11,915	4,400	820	4,265
Uruguayan	1,755	260	1,255	215	30	370
Venezuelan	7,475	1,635	3,015	2,525	300	2,900
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	5,845	1,140	3,220	1,215	270	1,750
African origins	382,665	40,050	309,805	27,825	4,980	53,965
Central and West African origins	86,695	6,875	76,765	2,590	465	8,165
Akan	635	105	510	15	0	115
Angolan	880	140	705	30	0	155
Ashanti	125	95	15	10	0	105
Beninese	4,125	70	4,035	30	0	80
Burkinabe	2,465	25	2,410	25	0	40
Cameroonian	17,095	975	15,900	220	0	1,090
Chadian	1,050	55	910	40	45	75
Congolese	20,210	655	18,860	610	85	955
Edo	110	90	15	0	10	90
Ewe	465	70	360	30	0	85
Gabonese	1,160	0	1,150	15	0	10
Gambian	150	60	85	10	0	60
Ghanaian	3,235	2,290	625	315	0	2,450
Guinean	5,255	85	5,030	115	25	145
Ibo	185	155	25	10	0	160
Ivorian	8,545	95	8,375	60	10	125
Liberian	155	90	65	0	0	85
Malian	3,535	75	3,365	65	25	105
Malinké	630	10	590	30	10	30
Nigerian	2,815	1,510	1,190	115	10	1,565
Peulh	2,110	0	2,035	60	10	30
Senegalese	8,255	190	7,520	465	75	430
Sierra Leonean	105	55	25	25	0	65
Togolese	4,085	145	3,770	150	15	225
Wolof	660	0	600	55	10	25
Yoruba	465	140	290	30	0	160
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	6,960	335	6,160	310	145	495
North African origins	225,130	18,355	182,325	20,775	3,675	28,745
Algerian	60,375	1,060	54,845	3,795	685	2,955
Berber	33,825	440	29,940	2,915	530	1,900
Coptic	690	250	265	140	40	315
Dinka	15	0	20	0	0	0
Egyptian	29,400	9,690	14,355	4,745	605	12,065
Libyan	1,080	750	80	140	110	820
Maure	530	40	410	80	0	85
Moroccan	85,940	5,890	71,505	7,165	1,380	9,470
Sudanese	370	155	155	55	10	185
Tunisian	21,470	725	18,025	2,290	435	1,870
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	3,340	200	2,740	335	65	370
Southern and East African origins	28,930	5,490	20,525	2,500	410	6,740
Afrikaner	115	105	10	0	0	105
Amhara	65	45	0	20	0	55
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	1,900	130	1,665	50	60	155
Burundian	6,010	170	5,280	395	160	375
Djiboutian	450	10	395	35	15	25
Eritrean	580	355	130	80	20	395
Ethiopian	1,570	840	415	315	0	1,000
Harari	20	10	0	0	0	15
Kenyan	535	410	60	55	0	440
Malagasy	3,735	90	3,290	340	15	260
Mauritian	3,695	545	2,670	480	0	785
Oromo	20	10	0	15	0	15
Rwandan	5,130	445	4,365	290	25	595
Seychellois	770	400	250	125	0	460
Somali	1,785	510	1,020	180	85	595
South African	905	675	150	65	10	710
Tanzanian	330	120	180	30	0	135
Tigrian	95	65	10	20	0	75
Ugandan	295	190	95	10	0	195
Zambian	45	35	10	0	0	35
Zimbabwean	300	270	25	10	0	265
Zulu	75	65	15	0	0	60
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	1,790	465	1,215	95	15	515
Other African origins	46,805	9,905	34,195	2,255	450	11,030
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	3,800	1,550	2,060	155	30	1,630
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	43,785	8,430	32,825	2,115	420	9,485
Asian origins	563,150	212,755	207,555	105,930	36,905	265,720
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	240,795	60,195	117,630	50,885	12,080	85,640
Afghan	10,940	1,975	3,800	3,595	1,570	3,775
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	44,875	4,395	32,785	5,930	1,765	7,360
Armenian	27,380	8,540	8,075	9,430	1,335	13,250
Assyrian	370	195	80	50	45	220
Azerbaijani	550	225	135	170	25	310
Georgian	635	235	195	180	15	325
Hazara	385	50	120	150	65	125
Iranian	25,530	11,440	5,175	7,690	1,225	15,285
Iraqi	5,520	2,285	1,710	1,100	420	2,835
Israeli	6,060	3,765	1,415	605	280	4,065
Jordanian	1,610	1,045	250	245	65	1,170
Kazakh	620	180	245	165	30	265
Kurd	2,135	445	1,060	410	220	645
Kuwaiti	100	80	0	15	0	85
Kyrgyz	265	50	95	110	15	105
Lebanese	78,140	15,395	46,530	14,400	1,815	22,595
Palestinian	6,870	3,235	1,945	1,420	265	3,945
Pashtun	520	260	35	155	75	335
Saudi Arabian	650	510	65	40	30	530
Syrian	27,465	5,945	13,395	5,540	2,580	8,720
Tajik	395	55	175	115	40	115
Tatar	910	200	290	375	50	385
Turk	15,060	4,020	7,575	2,655	815	5,345
Turkmen	65	30	15	20	0	40
Uighur	375	60	190	115	15	120
Uzbek	465	115	195	140	15	185
Yemeni	805	410	230	140	30	480
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	2,465	1,165	675	490	140	1,410
South Asian origins	95,670	59,225	13,285	17,175	5,985	67,810
Bangladeshi	7,075	4,000	780	1,825	470	4,910
Bengali	4,125	2,415	430	1,030	250	2,930
Bhutanese	420	80	115	80	150	115
East Indian	51,650	33,550	8,305	7,180	2,610	37,145
Goan	210	195	10	10	0	200
Gujarati	420	225	40	105	50	275
Kashmiri	260	150	30	70	10	185
Nepali	930	210	360	180	185	300
Pakistani	13,535	8,315	1,375	2,965	885	9,800
Punjabi	2,970	2,005	70	595	300	2,305
Sinhalese	310	230	15	55	10	260
Sri Lankan	14,750	8,745	1,630	3,260	1,110	10,375
Tamil	3,100	1,760	410	760	170	2,140
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	2,130	1,315	185	475	155	1,555
East and Southeast Asian origins	229,980	95,440	77,665	38,160	18,715	114,520
Burmese	530	195	170	75	90	235
Cambodian (Khmer)	15,345	1,490	10,505	2,175	1,175	2,585
Chinese	121,445	47,110	38,095	22,815	13,425	58,520
Filipino	37,905	33,320	1,595	2,785	210	34,715
Hmong	30	10	25	0	10	0
Indonesian	1,320	780	435	90	15	825
Japanese	6,495	3,180	2,390	785	145	3,575
Karen	95	15	50	0	35	15
Korean	8,735	4,460	2,335	1,385	555	5,150
Laotian	7,630	495	5,725	960	445	980
Malaysian	645	480	100	60	10	510
Mongolian	960	275	510	160	15	355
Singaporean	105	70	10	20	0	85
Taiwanese	2,210	1,115	605	380	100	1,310
Thai	2,700	855	1,560	200	85	955
Tibetan	75	30	40	10	0	30
Vietnamese	43,080	6,745	23,715	9,075	3,545	11,285
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	280	150	100	20	10	160
Other Asian origins	1,770	740	500	320	215	895
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	1,765	735	495	320	215	900
Oceania origins	3,250	2,010	1,135	100	0	2,065
Australian	2,055	1,535	490	30	0	1,555
New Zealander	490	350	125	15	0	355
Pacific Islands origins	785	210	530	50	0	235
Fijian	70	30	30	10	0	40
Hawaiian	55	40	15	0	0	40
Maori	90	65	20	0	0	65
Samoan	15	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	290	50	205	40	0	65
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	300	35	260	0	0	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,120	230,185	49,225	932,840
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,070	131,945	1,120,695	36,875	33,550	150,380
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	1,426,980	207,680	1,167,505	43,960	7,830	229,665
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,884,235	478,115	3,248,920	149,345	7,850	552,790
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,120,730	75,110	1,023,385	20,540	1,690	85,380
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	806,585	50,805	740,225	14,325	1,230	57,965
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	314,150	24,305	283,165	6,215	465	27,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,165,510	146,025	979,965	37,555	1,970	164,805
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	236,255	22,600	204,315	8,405	935	26,805
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,361,735	234,375	1,041,255	82,850	3,255	275,800
Bachelor's degree	872,060	148,110	674,515	47,245	2,190	171,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	118,955	17,995	91,450	9,070	440	22,530
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	39,045	6,025	29,970	2,910	145	7,480
Master's degree	281,210	50,245	211,225	19,340	400	59,920
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	50,455	12,005	34,095	4,285	75	14,140
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,120	230,185	49,225	932,835
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	2,750,045	339,630	2,288,195	80,840	41,380	380,050
Education	273,320	26,750	240,955	5,015	590	29,265
13. Education	273,315	26,755	240,955	5,020	590	29,260
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	156,720	27,210	123,845	5,370	295	29,900
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25,380	2,960	21,720	680	20	3,300
50. Visual and performing arts	131,340	24,245	102,130	4,690	270	26,595
Humanities	215,735	34,080	171,430	9,785	440	38,970
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	32,175	6,430	22,720	2,865	170	7,860
23. English language and literature/letters	12,900	7,505	3,900	1,455	40	8,230
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	103,120	10,075	89,830	3,135	70	11,650
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	880	210	630	45	0	230
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10,400	2,360	7,645	350	40	2,535
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,125	1,660	8,180	270	15	1,800
54. History	17,055	4,050	12,485	465	60	4,280
55. French language and literature/letters	29,070	1,790	26,050	1,190	40	2,390
Social and behavioural sciences and law	381,000	70,875	291,675	17,545	910	79,645
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,320	845	3,185	270	10	985
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	48,535	6,590	40,355	1,525	60	7,360
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	77,465	9,435	65,035	2,700	300	10,785
22. Legal professions and studies	67,185	7,525	56,245	3,205	210	9,130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	9,910	860	8,650	390	0	1,055
42. Psychology	57,330	10,535	44,980	1,765	45	11,420
45. Social sciences	116,255	35,070	73,230	7,680	275	38,910
Business, management and public administration	879,190	109,970	731,980	35,820	1,430	127,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	815	110	650	60	0	140
44. Public administration and social service professions	47,715	4,545	42,130	1,020	20	5,055
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	830,660	105,310	689,205	34,740	1,405	122,680
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140,995	25,055	106,025	9,545	365	29,830
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	49,700	10,080	36,160	3,380	90	11,765
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	23,215	5,630	15,980	1,575	35	6,415
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	21,895	710	20,140	1,025	15	1,220
40. Physical sciences	39,060	8,030	27,485	3,335	210	9,700
41. Science technologies/technicians	7,125	610	6,260	230	20	725
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	152,100	24,715	116,430	10,660	300	30,045
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125,485	20,005	96,380	8,910	185	24,465
25. Library science	11,110	1,340	9,485	245	35	1,465
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,410	3,045	8,930	1,360	75	3,730
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	2,100	320	1,640	135	0	390
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	828,405	80,955	713,630	31,895	1,925	96,900
04. Architecture and related services	29,015	3,585	23,615	1,740	75	4,455
14. Engineering	150,450	30,245	101,350	17,950	905	39,225
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150,640	13,405	132,955	3,985	300	15,395
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	10	45	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	185,385	11,440	170,780	2,900	260	12,895
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	184,280	14,380	165,875	3,770	255	16,260
48. Precision production	128,575	7,890	119,015	1,540	135	8,660
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85,480	5,890	77,620	1,770	200	6,780
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	51,770	3,705	46,655	1,245	170	4,330
03. Natural resources and conservation	33,710	2,190	30,970	525	30	2,450
Health and related fields	480,230	49,225	414,785	15,380	835	56,915
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,955	3,435	23,845	615	60	3,745
51. Health professions and related programs	441,105	43,775	382,600	13,990	735	50,770
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,165	2,015	8,335	775	40	2,400
Personal, protective and transportation services	290,005	23,335	259,550	6,550	570	26,615
12. Personal and culinary services	164,590	14,705	145,660	3,795	430	16,600
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	295	80	185	25	0	95
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,340	180	1,130	25	10	195
43. Security and protective services	54,625	3,390	50,170	1,035	20	3,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	69,160	4,985	62,395	1,675	105	5,820
Other	1,055	50	995	10	0	55
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,055	50	995	10	0	60
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,120	230,185	49,230	932,840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750,045	339,630	2,288,200	80,840	41,375	380,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	3,884,235	478,120	3,248,925	149,345	7,850	552,790
Location of study inside Canada	3,509,610	374,260	3,049,340	85,335	675	416,925
Same as province or territory of residence	3,367,195	316,565	2,968,130	81,835	665	357,480
Different than province or territory of residence	142,410	57,695	81,205	3,505	10	59,450
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	374,625	103,860	199,585	64,010	7,170	135,860
United States^{Footnote 130}	28,325	16,020	10,585	1,690	30	16,865
Philippines	12,520	11,885	105	505	25	12,135
India	6,810	5,865	135	740	70	6,235
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	11,250	8,075	2,570	600	0	8,375
China^{Footnote 132}	17,155	9,495	1,965	3,185	2,510	11,090
France	69,665	1,010	65,735	2,915	10	2,465
Other	228,910	51,515	118,490	54,370	4,535	78,700
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,120	230,185	49,230	not applicable ...
In the labour force	4,255,500	528,645	3,557,580	158,805	10,470	not applicable ...
Employed	3,949,330	482,815	3,315,445	142,260	8,810	not applicable ...
Unemployed	306,170	45,840	242,140	16,545	1,660	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	2,378,780	289,100	1,979,540	71,385	38,760	not applicable ...
Participation rate	64.1	64.6	64.2	69.0	21.3	not applicable ...
Employment rate	59.5	59.0	59.9	61.8	17.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.7	6.8	10.4	15.9	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	6,634,280	817,745	5,537,125	230,185	49,230	932,840
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	2,228,320	276,530	1,842,105	71,075	38,610	312,065
Worked	4,405,965	541,215	3,695,020	159,110	10,625	620,775
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	2,084,015	263,950	1,746,135	70,610	3,310	299,260
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	2,321,950	277,265	1,948,885	88,495	7,305	321,510
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.2	42.6	40.9	37.1	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	4,529,770	559,895	3,792,305	166,065	11,510	642,925
a.Management	438,945	68,525	354,440	15,055	935	76,050
00 Senior management occupations	70,705	10,295	58,670	1,655	85	11,115
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	138,175	23,420	110,255	4,400	100	25,620
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	140,440	22,885	110,355	6,755	450	26,265
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	89,630	11,925	75,155	2,255	295	13,050
b.Professional	813,990	115,725	662,410	35,480	375	133,460
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	156,170	22,065	126,965	7,080	60	25,605
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	164,465	26,855	125,290	12,235	85	32,970
30 Professional occupations in nursing	72,320	5,890	64,440	1,970	15	6,870
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	65,910	7,630	55,340	2,900	45	9,080
40 Professional occupations in education services	186,595	27,385	153,005	6,120	90	30,440
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	112,160	15,165	93,670	3,290	40	16,810
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	56,370	10,735	43,695	1,895	40	11,685
c.Technical and paraprofessional	520,860	53,505	447,970	18,980	405	62,995
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	137,430	14,995	115,720	6,620	90	18,305
32 Technical occupations in health	91,020	6,275	81,775	2,940	35	7,745
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	150,270	13,430	131,410	5,245	180	16,050
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	34,755	2,380	31,960	405	10	2,585
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	107,380	16,425	87,095	3,770	95	18,305
d.Administration and administrative support	576,700	75,600	479,365	21,200	535	86,200
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	280,380	32,530	238,725	8,890	230	36,975
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	42,940	5,270	36,040	1,605	20	6,075
14 Office support occupations	159,910	26,385	125,820	7,595	105	30,185
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	93,475	11,415	78,780	3,105	175	12,965
e.Sales	456,040	57,250	378,585	19,375	830	66,935
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	75,420	13,685	58,445	3,275	25	15,315
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	192,940	26,025	158,290	8,325	300	30,190
66 Sales support occupations	187,685	17,540	161,860	7,780	505	21,430
f.Personal and customer information services	799,130	107,225	654,045	33,110	4,745	123,780
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	84,775	7,675	74,565	2,475	60	8,920
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	60,180	10,810	47,280	1,835	250	11,730
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	156,960	22,640	125,125	6,985	2,205	26,130
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	233,145	33,020	187,510	12,060	550	39,055
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	264,075	33,070	219,570	9,755	1,680	37,950
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	339,595	24,450	308,095	6,560	485	27,730
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	206,720	14,650	187,860	3,875	340	16,585
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	132,875	9,800	120,235	2,685	145	11,145
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	280,420	28,430	243,060	8,420	510	32,640
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	55,875	7,775	46,490	1,440	170	8,495
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	172,520	16,030	150,305	5,965	225	19,005
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	52,020	4,630	46,260	1,015	115	5,140
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	78,965	7,035	70,130	1,050	755	7,560
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	16,295	1,465	14,615	205	10	1,565
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	36,085	2,240	32,890	370	580	2,420
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	26,595	3,335	22,620	475	165	3,570
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	225,120	22,145	194,215	6,835	1,930	25,565
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	29,110	2,055	26,270	730	50	2,420
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	79,310	7,625	68,240	2,465	970	8,860
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	43,325	4,770	36,660	1,650	245	5,590
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	73,380	7,700	63,045	1,975	660	8,685
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	4,529,765	559,890	3,792,305	166,065	11,510	642,920
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	94,920	6,060	87,230	760	880	6,440
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	71,330	4,265	65,735	515	810	4,525
113 Forestry and logging	13,350	375	12,880	75	15	415
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	3,540	910	2,510	110	10	970
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	6,710	500	6,105	55	45	530
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	22,605	1,520	20,695	375	15	1,705
211 Oil and gas extraction	585	150	395	35	0	165
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	16,045	860	14,975	205	15	960
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	5,970	510	5,325	135	0	575
22 Utilities	30,190	1,115	28,555	505	15	1,365
221 Utilities	30,195	1,115	28,555	505	15	1,365
23 Construction	275,900	23,150	246,950	5,390	410	25,850
236 Construction of buildings	90,885	8,430	80,310	1,970	170	9,415
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	29,855	2,025	27,225	580	25	2,310
238 Specialty trade contractors	155,160	12,695	139,415	2,845	210	14,120
31-33 Manufacturing	489,055	53,605	416,460	16,765	2,225	61,990
311 Food manufacturing	72,330	6,405	62,985	2,395	545	7,605
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	8,270	665	7,390	200	15	765
313 Textile mills	3,585	785	2,580	185	30	875
314 Textile product mills	3,875	770	2,935	130	40	835
315 Clothing manufacturing	15,060	3,715	9,580	1,055	705	4,240
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	2,040	345	1,590	80	20	390
321 Wood product manufacturing	34,070	1,135	32,650	250	45	1,255
322 Paper manufacturing	20,675	1,735	18,565	360	15	1,915
323 Printing and related support activities	20,145	2,215	17,280	600	45	2,515
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	3,005	160	2,795	40	10	180
325 Chemical manufacturing	26,500	3,445	21,660	1,365	30	4,125
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	28,285	3,015	24,155	965	150	3,495
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	15,490	1,045	14,165	270	10	1,180
331 Primary metal manufacturing	23,290	1,120	21,770	380	20	1,310
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	45,085	4,415	39,295	1,275	105	5,050
333 Machinery manufacturing	30,825	3,580	25,950	1,215	80	4,190
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	17,050	2,930	13,030	1,030	55	3,445
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	12,420	1,980	9,660	730	55	2,340
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	53,120	8,210	42,370	2,470	65	9,445
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	28,925	2,175	26,020	670	60	2,510
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	25,030	3,770	20,035	1,100	120	4,320
41 Wholesale trade	166,840	31,390	128,090	6,805	555	34,790
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	1,755	290	1,405	50	10	315
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	2,715	130	2,545	35	0	150
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	31,135	4,375	25,390	1,180	185	4,960
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	31,500	9,620	19,730	1,945	205	10,590
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	12,205	1,290	10,620	290	10	1,435
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	25,695	3,450	21,595	610	30	3,760
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	36,300	7,690	26,955	1,625	25	8,505
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	19,910	3,245	15,880	725	60	3,610
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	5,630	1,290	3,965	345	35	1,460
44-45 Retail trade	558,735	61,315	473,855	22,290	1,275	72,460
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	58,005	5,030	51,505	1,430	35	5,750
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	20,540	2,605	17,165	745	30	2,980
443 Electronics and appliance stores	14,820	2,385	11,440	975	15	2,875
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	40,760	2,765	37,330	650	20	3,090
445 Food and beverage stores	155,680	14,140	134,870	5,910	750	17,095
446 Health and personal care stores	65,600	5,300	57,490	2,760	50	6,680
447 Gasoline stations	13,815	1,040	12,200	560	20	1,315
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	69,540	12,920	51,965	4,420	240	15,130
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	24,210	2,975	20,580	645	10	3,295
452 General merchandise stores	56,225	5,855	47,735	2,585	45	7,150
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	29,340	4,005	24,200	1,085	45	4,545
454 Non-store retailers	10,215	2,295	7,385	525	15	2,555
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	201,365	31,415	160,045	9,660	245	36,240
481 Air transportation	13,630	4,310	8,340	975	0	4,795
482 Rail transportation	7,520	1,730	5,515	270	0	1,865
483 Water transportation	2,655	495	2,035	110	10	555
484 Truck transportation	64,170	8,000	53,710	2,350	110	9,175
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	45,170	2,820	39,690	2,625	30	4,135
486 Pipeline transportation	75	15	50	0	0	20
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	820	50	750	20	0	60
488 Support activities for transportation	29,250	6,755	20,800	1,685	10	7,590
491 Postal service	16,780	1,775	14,505	480	15	2,015
492 Couriers and messengers	13,825	3,480	9,585	745	10	3,855
493 Warehousing and storage	7,480	1,970	5,070	395	45	2,165
51 Information and cultural industries	107,730	17,010	85,710	4,945	70	19,485
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	23,005	4,175	17,845	960	20	4,655
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	20,635	3,840	16,170	610	15	4,145
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	13,070	1,130	11,690	240	10	1,255
517 Telecommunications	38,285	5,755	29,890	2,615	20	7,065
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	1,660	465	1,025	165	10	550
519 Other information services	11,080	1,640	9,085	355	0	1,815
52 Finance and insurance	174,280	25,240	140,715	8,255	75	29,365
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	370	70	280	25	0	80
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	86,730	12,785	68,870	5,060	20	15,320
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	20,880	5,100	14,680	1,070	35	5,640
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	65,135	7,125	55,920	2,065	25	8,160
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	1,155	155	970	35	0	175
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	67,130	12,100	51,790	3,100	140	13,650
531 Real estate	53,555	10,310	40,435	2,680	135	11,650
532 Rental and leasing services	13,225	1,700	11,135	380	0	1,895
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	355	90	225	35	0	110
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	309,815	53,235	240,450	15,805	320	61,140
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	309,810	53,240	240,450	15,805	320	61,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,555	1,245	2,105	205	0	1,350
551 Management of companies and enterprises	3,550	1,245	2,105	200	0	1,350
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	197,915	27,285	160,090	9,870	670	32,220
561 Administrative and support services	184,215	26,605	147,290	9,675	640	31,440
562 Waste management and remediation services	13,705	675	12,800	200	35	775
61 Educational services	335,565	50,840	273,450	11,065	210	56,370
611 Educational services	335,565	50,835	273,450	11,065	205	56,370
62 Health care and social assistance	570,640	52,560	500,120	17,390	565	61,255
621 Ambulatory health care services	130,140	14,375	111,060	4,605	100	16,675
622 Hospitals	213,245	17,165	190,175	5,835	75	20,075
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	93,645	6,850	84,815	1,870	110	7,785
624 Social assistance	133,605	14,170	114,070	5,085	285	16,715
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	104,835	14,530	87,415	2,805	75	15,935
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	35,145	5,895	28,350	850	50	6,325
712 Heritage institutions	9,795	800	8,785	210	10	910
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	59,890	7,835	50,285	1,745	25	8,710
72 Accommodation and food services	316,175	48,720	248,950	15,685	2,815	56,560
721 Accommodation services	41,380	5,720	33,900	1,675	85	6,555
722 Food services and drinking places	274,795	43,000	215,055	14,005	2,730	50,005
81 Other services (except public administration)	212,005	25,200	179,440	6,510	860	28,455
811 Repair and maintenance	71,545	6,280	63,035	1,965	265	7,260
812 Personal and laundry services	65,050	8,205	53,975	2,515	355	9,460
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	63,135	6,215	55,190	1,655	75	7,040
814 Private households	12,275	4,505	7,235	370	160	4,695
91 Public administration	290,515	22,360	260,180	7,875	90	26,300
911 Federal government public administration	104,040	12,935	87,815	3,280	15	14,570
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	86,325	1,765	82,395	2,155	10	2,845
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	95,145	5,550	87,710	1,835	45	6,465
914 Aboriginal public administration	3,610	1,520	1,660	420	0	1,730
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	1,390	595	600	180	10	690
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	3,949,330	482,810	3,315,440	142,265	8,815	553,945
Worked at home	266,290	39,910	216,775	8,550	1,045	44,185
Worked outside Canada	10,600	2,915	6,685	825	170	3,330
No fixed workplace address	351,595	41,895	296,195	12,530	975	48,155
Worked at usual place	3,320,850	398,090	2,795,785	120,355	6,615	458,270
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	4,529,770	559,890	3,792,305	166,065	11,510	642,925
English	541,720	342,120	165,105	32,985	1,515	358,605
French	3,611,985	116,955	3,421,965	71,110	1,950	152,515
Non-official language	34,160	13,695	7,375	6,170	6,920	16,785
Aboriginal	12,675	7,085	2,730	2,725	140	8,445
Non-Aboriginal	21,490	6,615	4,645	3,450	6,785	8,335
English and French	315,620	79,290	186,750	49,230	350	103,905
English and non-official language	6,550	4,770	420	1,000	350	5,270
French and non-official language	7,525	255	6,035	895	340	700
English, French and non-official language	12,210	2,805	4,655	4,670	75	5,140
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	4,529,765	559,890	3,792,305	166,060	11,510	642,920
None	3,107,035	283,100	2,728,445	86,665	8,825	326,430
English	1,031,380	92,885	894,900	42,860	735	114,315
French	317,490	160,420	135,465	20,900	710	170,865
Non-official language	49,850	17,635	21,645	9,490	1,085	22,375
Aboriginal	4,985	2,935	1,395	660	0	3,265
Non-Aboriginal	44,865	14,695	20,250	8,830	1,080	19,115
English and French	2,185	525	410	1,155	95	1,105
English and non-official language	14,905	1,730	9,825	3,310	50	3,385
French and non-official language	6,850	3,595	1,575	1,660	20	4,430
English, French and non-official language	65	10	40	25	0	15
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,320,845	398,090	2,795,780	120,355	6,615	458,265
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,732,155	191,410	1,468,860	67,745	4,140	225,285
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485,445	91,335	376,985	16,490	635	99,585
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,037,125	95,335	906,525	33,505	1,750	112,090
Commute to a different province or territory	66,120	20,000	43,415	2,620	85	21,310
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	3,672,440	439,980	3,091,975	132,885	7,595	506,425
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,739,405	276,980	2,380,905	78,350	3,170	316,155
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	133,765	21,110	106,245	5,350	1,060	23,785
Public transit	503,285	100,150	361,655	39,130	2,345	119,715
Walked	205,350	28,960	168,225	7,290	870	32,610
Bicycle	54,620	7,680	45,390	1,485	65	8,420
Other method	36,010	5,105	29,550	1,280	75	5,740
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	3,672,440	439,980	3,091,980	132,885	7,595	506,420
Less than 15 minutes	1,035,455	86,080	925,865	21,935	1,570	97,050
15 to 29 minutes	1,200,455	139,565	1,019,270	39,510	2,110	159,325
30 to 44 minutes	777,950	109,850	630,230	36,095	1,780	127,895
45 to 59 minutes	343,540	53,245	271,880	17,590	825	62,040
60 minutes and over	315,035	51,245	244,730	17,750	1,305	60,120
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	3,672,440	439,985	3,091,980	132,885	7,595	506,420
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	256,155	23,900	225,220	6,530	500	27,165
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	675,585	67,765	587,095	19,320	1,400	77,425
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,133,510	119,615	975,160	37,220	1,510	138,230
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	714,930	102,745	581,550	29,620	1,015	117,555
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	349,840	65,505	263,125	19,330	1,880	75,170
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	542,425	60,450	459,830	20,865	1,280	70,880
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	7,880,315	951,985	6,588,935	273,555	65,835	1,088,765
Non-movers	6,965,520	829,690	5,844,990	237,995	52,845	948,690
Movers	914,795	122,295	743,950	35,560	12,995	140,075
Non-migrants	547,410	70,835	449,720	22,470	4,390	82,070
Migrants	367,385	51,455	294,230	13,095	8,605	58,005
Internal migrants	305,465	34,620	262,200	7,390	1,260	38,315
Intraprovincial migrants	284,280	23,065	253,690	6,525	1,005	26,325
Interprovincial migrants	21,190	11,555	8,510	870	255	11,990
External migrants	61,915	16,840	32,030	5,700	7,350	19,690
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	7,520,960	915,385	6,288,035	264,585	52,945	1,047,685
Non-movers	4,825,870	578,865	4,067,295	149,375	30,335	653,550
Movers	2,695,090	336,525	2,220,745	115,215	22,610	394,130
Non-migrants	1,507,665	180,840	1,257,615	60,710	8,500	211,195
Migrants	1,187,425	155,685	963,130	54,505	14,110	182,935
Internal migrants	949,170	99,660	824,945	22,425	2,140	110,870
Intraprovincial migrants	893,800	69,820	801,815	20,385	1,785	80,010
Interprovincial migrants	55,370	29,840	23,135	2,050	350	30,860
External migrants	238,255	56,025	138,180	32,075	11,965	72,065

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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