Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in La Vallée-du-Richelieu

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,050	105	5,280
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	122,245	4,750	116,335	1,045	105	5,280
0 to 14 years	24,230	560	23,350	295	25	710
0 to 4 years	7,660	215	7,325	110	20	265
5 to 9 years	8,770	160	8,520	85	10	200
10 to 14 years	7,800	185	7,510	105	0	240
15 to 64 years	80,835	3,380	76,750	665	40	3,710
15 to 19 years	7,280	280	6,920	75	0	315
20 to 24 years	6,550	245	6,250	50	0	270
25 to 29 years	5,815	325	5,440	45	0	350
30 to 34 years	7,600	245	7,290	65	0	275
35 to 39 years	9,370	320	8,915	130	0	385
40 to 44 years	9,025	370	8,560	90	0	415
45 to 49 years	8,730	395	8,255	70	0	430
50 to 54 years	9,725	440	9,220	55	10	470
55 to 59 years	9,065	440	8,580	35	10	460
60 to 64 years	7,675	315	7,310	45	0	340
65 years and over	17,185	815	16,230	95	45	860
65 to 69 years	6,775	265	6,470	25	15	275
70 to 74 years	5,130	215	4,880	20	10	230
75 to 79 years	2,755	145	2,585	15	0	155
80 to 84 years	1,525	95	1,405	15	10	100
85 years and over	995	90	885	10	10	100
85 to 89 years	720	70	640	10	10	75
90 to 94 years	205	20	180	10	10	15
95 to 99 years	70	10	65	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0
Average age	39.1	43.5	39.0	33.2	49.8	not applicable ...
Median age	40.1	45.4	40.0	34.4	57.7	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	98,015	4,195	92,985	755	85	4,575
Married or living common law	63,100	2,745	59,830	465	55	2,980
Married	33,590	1,995	31,150	385	55	2,190
Living common law	29,505	750	28,680	75	0	790
Not married and not living common law	34,920	1,450	33,150	290	30	1,595
Never married	24,665	950	23,515	190	10	1,045
Separated	1,115	70	1,025	15	0	80
Divorced	5,860	255	5,535	70	0	290
Widowed	3,280	175	3,075	10	15	180
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	98,020	4,195	92,985	755	85	4,570
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	94,615	4,015	89,815	710	80	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,798	49,842	51,990	42,464	16,194	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,428	38,214	42,699	34,876	10,233	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	94,645	4,015	89,845	705	80	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,360	39,428	41,519	35,077	15,084	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,413	33,684	36,596	31,507	10,233	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	89,020	3,655	84,680	660	25	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,777	48,239	48,887	38,667	0	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,460	35,333	38,639	30,222	0	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	66,380	2,850	62,890	555	75	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,413	8,391	8,421	7,598	8,914	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,717	6,646	6,727	5,109	7,359	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	75,225	2,920	71,740	550	20	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,171	50,508	48,150	39,339	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,618	39,259	39,692	32,979	0	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.6	88.0	88.7	85.9	0.0	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	73.9	73.7	74.0	72.9	0.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.4	12.0	11.3	14.2	51.6	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	98,015	4,195	92,985	755	85	4,575
Without total income	3,400	180	3,170	50	0	205
With total income	94,615	4,010	89,815	705	80	4,370
Percentage with total income	96.5	95.6	96.6	93.4	94.1	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,000	555	8,310	100	too unreliable to be published F	610
$10,000 to $19,999	13,060	625	12,330	80	too unreliable to be published F	670
$20,000 to $29,999	11,165	470	10,560	125	too unreliable to be published F	535
$30,000 to $39,999	11,190	440	10,665	75	too unreliable to be published F	480
$40,000 to $49,999	11,025	450	10,490	70	too unreliable to be published F	490
$50,000 to $59,999	9,200	325	8,810	75	too unreliable to be published F	360
$60,000 to $69,999	7,310	290	6,970	50	too unreliable to be published F	320
$70,000 to $79,999	6,510	230	6,230	50	too unreliable to be published F	250
$80,000 to $89,999	4,515	170	4,325	20	too unreliable to be published F	180
$90,000 to $99,999	3,230	130	3,085	10	too unreliable to be published F	140
$100,000 and over	8,410	325	8,040	45	too unreliable to be published F	345
$100,000 to $149,999	6,020	200	5,785	40	too unreliable to be published F	215
$150,000 and over	2,390	125	2,255	0	too unreliable to be published F	130
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	98,015	4,195	92,985	755	80	4,570
Without after-tax income	3,375	180	3,140	50	0	205
With after-tax income	94,640	4,015	89,845	705	80	4,365
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	95.7	96.6	93.4	100.0	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,655	590	8,930	100	too unreliable to be published F	640
$10,000 to $19,999	13,715	645	12,955	95	too unreliable to be published F	695
$20,000 to $29,999	14,045	570	13,320	145	too unreliable to be published F	635
$30,000 to $39,999	15,265	635	14,525	90	too unreliable to be published F	680
$40,000 to $49,999	13,440	475	12,845	125	too unreliable to be published F	535
$50,000 to $59,999	9,900	365	9,475	55	too unreliable to be published F	395
$60,000 to $69,999	7,455	310	7,090	45	too unreliable to be published F	335
$70,000 to $79,999	4,380	130	4,220	25	too unreliable to be published F	145
$80,000 and over	6,790	290	6,470	25	too unreliable to be published F	305
$80,000 to $89,999	2,560	105	2,445	10	too unreliable to be published F	110
$90,000 to $99,999	1,295	45	1,245	0	too unreliable to be published F	50
$100,000 and over	2,940	135	2,780	20	too unreliable to be published F	145
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	98,015	4,190	92,985	755	80	4,575
Without employment income	22,790	1,280	21,245	200	65	1,375
With employment income	75,225	2,920	71,740	550	20	3,195
Percentage with employment income	76.7	69.7	77.2	72.8	25.0	69.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,445	375	7,990	75	too unreliable to be published F	415
$5,000 to $9,999	5,005	190	4,775	35	too unreliable to be published F	210
$10,000 to $19,999	9,070	270	8,725	70	too unreliable to be published F	305
$20,000 to $29,999	7,660	385	7,210	70	too unreliable to be published F	420
$30,000 to $39,999	7,770	250	7,455	60	too unreliable to be published F	285
$40,000 to $49,999	7,380	330	6,980	60	too unreliable to be published F	365
$50,000 to $59,999	6,790	225	6,515	45	too unreliable to be published F	250
$60,000 to $69,999	5,325	210	5,075	40	too unreliable to be published F	225
$70,000 to $79,999	5,295	180	5,070	40	too unreliable to be published F	200
$80,000 and over	12,490	495	11,940	55	too unreliable to be published F	520
$80,000 to $89,999	3,345	120	3,210	15	too unreliable to be published F	125
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	110	2,350	10	too unreliable to be published F	115
$100,000 and over	6,665	260	6,380	25	too unreliable to be published F	275
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	98,020	4,190	92,985	755	80	4,575
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	35,445	1,550	33,635	260	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	56,831	54,693	57,056	46,385	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	65,215	70,431	65,082	52,151	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,045	105	5,280
English only	685	685	0	0	0	685
French only	60,105	0	60,110	0	0	0
English and French	61,340	4,070	56,220	1,050	0	4,595
Neither English nor French	115	0	10	0	105	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,045	105	5,275
English	4,225	3,545	675	0	0	3,545
French	114,925	845	114,075	0	0	845
Non-official language	1,300	100	540	550	105	375
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,300	100	545	550	105	375
English and French	1,010	185	440	380	0	380
English and non-official language	60	55	0	0	0	60
French and non-official language	555	0	555	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	170	15	35	120	0	75
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,045	110	5,280
None	109,470	2,305	106,365	695	100	2,650
English	8,155	625	7,475	60	0	655
French	2,510	1,485	835	190	0	1,580
Non-official language	1,670	275	1,375	15	0	285
Aboriginal	15	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,660	275	1,365	15	10	280
English and French	90	0	10	80	0	40
English and non-official language	270	0	270	0	0	0
French and non-official language	75	60	10	10	0	70
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,045	105	5,280
English	4,060	4,015	45	0	0	4,015
French	113,205	10	113,195	0	0	0
Non-official language	3,590	565	2,285	635	105	880
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,590	565	2,285	630	105	880
English and French	1,040	115	555	365	0	295
English and non-official language	35	35	0	0	0	35
French and non-official language	235	0	230	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	85	10	25	45	0	40
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	122,245	4,755	116,340	1,050	105	5,280
Official languages	122,130	4,755	116,325	1,050	0	5,280
English	62,025	4,755	56,220	1,045	0	5,280
French	121,445	4,070	116,325	1,050	0	4,595
Non-official languages	8,835	1,030	7,000	705	105	1,385
Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,830	1,020	6,995	705	105	1,375
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	122,245	4,750	116,335	1,050	105	5,280
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	1,200	75	1,110	15	0	80
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	1,130	65	1,050	15	0	75
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	585	30	540	10	0	40
Métis	510	35	475	0	0	35
Inuk (Inuit)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	25	0	20	10	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	40	10	40	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	121,040	4,680	115,220	1,030	105	5,195
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,050	110	5,280
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	265	25	235	0	0	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	121,980	4,725	116,100	1,050	105	5,250
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,050	105	5,275
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	800	25	770	0	0	30
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	785	30	760	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	560	20	535	0	0	20
Métis single ancestry	210	0	200	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	25	0	20	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	15	0	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	3,715	170	3,520	25	0	185
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	3,660	165	3,475	25	0	175
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,175	135	3,020	25	0	140
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	470	25	445	0	0	30
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	55	10	50	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	10	30	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	0	25	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	117,725	4,560	112,040	1,025	105	5,070
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,050	105	5,280
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	120,765	4,505	115,325	890	50	4,950
Canadian citizens only	118,060	4,170	113,225	625	40	4,480
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,705	335	2,100	265	10	465
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	1,475	255	1,010	160	55	330
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	122,245	4,755	116,340	1,050	105	5,275
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	116,105	3,930	111,670	480	25	4,170
Immigrants^Footnote 42	5,985	795	4,550	565	70	1,080
Before 1981	1,790	310	1,405	70	10	345
1981 to 1990	640	95	485	50	10	120
1991 to 2000	970	130	780	45	10	155
2001 to 2010	1,845	140	1,405	290	10	285
2001 to 2005	925	80	660	170	10	165
2006 to 2010	925	65	740	115	10	125
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	740	120	475	115	35	175
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	160	35	115	0	10	30
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	5,985	800	4,550	570	75	1,080
Under 5 years	845	70	745	25	0	85
5 to 14 years	990	135	735	115	0	200
15 to 24 years	1,035	160	760	110	0	215
25 to 44 years	2,830	390	2,135	280	25	530
45 years and over	285	35	170	35	55	50
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	5,985	795	4,550	565	75	1,080
Americas	1,350	240	930	170	10	325
Brazil	35	0	25	10	0	0
Colombia	205	0	125	75	0	45
El Salvador	60	10	40	10	0	10
Guyana	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	170	0	170	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	140	0	120	25	0	15
Peru	60	0	50	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	25	0	0	0	25
United States^Footnote 47	300	150	140	10	0	155
Other places of birth in Americas	340	40	260	35	10	55
Europe	2,900	355	2,335	200	15	455
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0	10	0	0
France	1,440	10	1,435	0	0	10
Germany	70	35	30	10	0	40
Greece	40	20	10	10	0	25
Hungary	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	25	15	0	10	0	20
Italy	165	35	115	10	0	40
Netherlands	30	10	10	10	0	10
Poland	105	10	70	25	0	20
Portugal	95	25	55	15	0	30
Romania	120	0	80	25	10	20
Russian Federation	45	0	40	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	135	120	25	0	0	120
Other places of birth in Europe	605	70	460	75	0	105
Africa	910	35	785	75	15	70
Algeria	190	0	165	30	0	15
Egypt	75	15	35	0	15	20
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	235	0	235	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	405	10	355	40	0	30
Asia	825	170	495	120	40	230
Afghanistan	85	15	25	30	15	30
Bangladesh	15	10	0	10	0	0
China^Footnote 51	270	50	155	50	10	80
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	15	15	0	10	0	15
Iran^Footnote 53	30	10	15	10	0	15
Iraq	0	0	10	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	35	10	25	0	0	10
Lebanon	50	0	40	10	0	10
Pakistan	20	10	15	0	0	10
Philippines	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	25	0	0	0	25
Syria^Footnote 55	15	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	20	10	10	0	0	10
Viet Nam	100	0	95	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	120	10	95	0	15	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	740	115	475	110	35	175
Americas	205	55	115	30	0	75
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	60	0	50	10	0	10
Cuba	25	10	15	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	25	0	15	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	45	40	10	0	0	40
Venezuela^Footnote 59	15	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	0	0	15
Europe	260	15	200	40	10	30
France	165	0	160	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	10	0	0	10	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	20	0	10	10	0	10
Romania	10	0	0	0	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	0	15	15	0	10
Africa	190	10	135	35	10	30
Algeria	15	0	20	0	0	0
Cameroon	15	0	15	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	15	0	0	0
Egypt	25	15	0	0	15	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	25	0	25	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	50	0	20	30	0	15
Other places of birth in Africa	45	0	45	10	0	10
Asia	85	40	25	10	10	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	15	0	0	0	10	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	10	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	10	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	0	0	0	10
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,050	105	5,280
First generation^Footnote 71	6,580	880	5,050	575	75	1,160
Second generation^Footnote 72	7,165	1,160	5,805	185	20	1,250
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	108,500	2,720	105,485	290	10	2,865
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	4,280	495	3,220	500	65	745
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	2,485	210	1,905	350	15	390
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	1,260	105	985	155	10	180
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	1,225	110	920	195	0	205
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	1,285	230	955	80	25	265
Refugees^Footnote 79	465	55	325	65	25	85
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	45	0	35	10	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,050	105	5,275
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	3,960	505	3,045	335	70	675
South Asian^Footnote 83	210	115	80	15	0	120
Chinese	475	130	260	75	15	165
Black	1,080	45	1,030	10	0	55
Filipino	40	10	25	0	0	10
Latin American	830	40	635	135	15	105
Arab	570	30	490	40	20	50
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	320	10	290	10	10	15
West Asian^Footnote 85	120	20	45	35	20	40
Korean	55	10	40	0	0	10
Japanese	30	0	25	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	60	10	40	10	0	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	160	75	75	10	10	75
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	118,285	4,245	113,295	715	30	4,605
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	122,245	4,755	116,335	1,045	105	5,280
North American Aboriginal origins	4,520	195	4,295	30	0	210
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,800	160	3,620	20	0	170
Inuit	65	0	55	0	0	0
Métis	725	40	685	10	0	40
Other North American origins	89,510	1,800	87,425	265	20	1,930
Acadian	620	20	595	0	0	20
American	680	135	540	10	0	135
Canadian	86,040	1,670	84,095	245	20	1,800
New Brunswicker	15	0	15	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Québécois	3,260	35	3,210	10	0	45
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	49,025	3,660	44,740	595	25	3,960
British Isles origins	11,330	2,345	8,790	195	0	2,440
Channel Islander	20	0	20	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	3,385	1,245	2,055	85	0	1,290
Irish	7,030	1,120	5,830	85	0	1,160
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	2,805	940	1,815	55	0	965
Welsh	110	65	40	0	0	65
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	245	65	160	15	0	75
French origins	36,240	1,095	34,975	170	0	1,180
Alsatian	15	0	20	0	0	0
Breton	290	0	295	0	0	0
Corsican	25	0	20	0	0	0
French	36,075	1,095	34,810	175	0	1,180
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,235	580	3,585	80	0	615
Austrian	150	35	110	0	0	40
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,340	20	1,320	0	0	20
Dutch	420	100	300	20	0	110
Flemish	25	0	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,060	370	1,640	45	0	395
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	435	55	370	0	0	60
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	230	75	150	0	0	75
Danish	65	15	50	0	0	15
Finnish	20	10	10	0	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	55	15	40	0	0	10
Swedish	85	35	50	0	0	35
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	30	0	30	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	2,140	425	1,540	170	10	510
Bulgarian	105	0	80	15	0	15
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	60	20	45	0	0	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	35	10	20	0	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	250	70	175	10	0	70
Latvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	40	25	0	0	40
Moldovan	25	0	15	10	0	0
Polish	785	150	590	45	0	175
Romanian	330	55	205	60	10	90
Russian	310	45	250	15	0	50
Slovak	100	20	65	10	0	25
Ukrainian	355	75	260	20	0	85
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	5,890	820	4,840	220	20	925
Albanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Catalan	30	0	30	0	0	0
Croatian	25	10	20	0	0	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	305	90	195	15	10	100
Italian	3,780	465	3,235	75	0	500
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	10	0	15	0	20
Maltese	15	0	15	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	710	100	595	15	0	105
Serbian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sicilian	20	0	25	0	0	0
Slovenian	55	10	50	0	0	10
Spanish	1,135	105	925	95	10	155
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	35	30	10	0	0	30
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	230	15	205	10	0	20
Basque	70	10	65	0	0	0
Jewish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	140	0	130	10	0	0
Caribbean origins	810	65	735	0	0	70
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	40	30	10	0	0	30
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	80	0	65	0	10	10
Dominican	75	0	75	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	555	10	545	0	0	10
Jamaican	30	10	20	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	20	10	10	0	0	10
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,400	110	1,110	165	10	190
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	25	0	25	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	0	30	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	35	0	30	10	0	0
Chilean	170	0	145	25	0	15
Colombian	295	15	205	75	0	55
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	30	10	25	0	0	10
Guatemalan	85	0	85	0	0	0
Guyanese	30	15	15	0	0	15
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	15	0	10	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	300	30	230	35	10	45
Nicaraguan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	10	0	0	0	15
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	180	0	165	10	0	0
Salvadorean	125	15	110	0	0	15
Uruguayan	35	0	30	0	0	0
Venezuelan	60	10	40	10	0	15
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	30	10	20	0	0	10
African origins	1,670	165	1,415	90	0	210
Central and West African origins	320	15	285	15	0	25
Akan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Angolan	35	0	25	10	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	25	0	25	0	0	0
Burkinabe	25	0	25	0	0	0
Cameroonian	100	15	90	0	0	15
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	35	0	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	20	0	20	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	60	0	50	10	0	0
North African origins	945	80	805	60	0	110
Algerian	175	0	165	10	0	10
Berber	185	10	135	45	0	25
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	195	70	115	10	0	75
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	335	0	330	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	90	0	90	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	20	0	15	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins	180	35	145	0	0	35
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	10	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	0	30	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	80	0	75	0	0	0
Mauritian	40	25	20	0	0	25
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
South African	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	250	55	185	10	0	60
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	35	15	15	0	0	15
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	220	40	165	15	0	45
Asian origins	2,150	445	1,450	205	45	555
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	785	85	570	105	25	135
Afghan	115	15	55	30	20	30
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	150	15	100	35	0	35
Armenian	70	10	55	10	0	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	70	10	40	20	0	20
Iraqi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	215	15	190	10	0	20
Palestinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	90	0	85	0	0	0
Tajik	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	75	15	55	0	10	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	10	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	240	135	90	10	0	145
Bangladeshi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	165	80	75	10	0	85
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	15	10	0	0	15
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	40	40	0	0	0	40
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,140	235	785	95	20	285
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	145	0	135	0	0	10
Chinese	675	185	385	85	20	230
Filipino	45	10	35	10	0	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	0	10	0	0	10
Japanese	55	15	40	0	0	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	10	55	0	0	10
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	40	0	35	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	185	0	175	10	0	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	40	25	20	0	0	20
Australian	15	10	10	0	0	0
New Zealander	20	10	10	0	0	10
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	10	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	98,015	4,195	92,985	755	85	4,570
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,845	550	13,130	115	55	610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	20,985	1,185	19,655	135	10	1,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,185	2,465	60,195	510	15	2,715
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,225	520	15,635	55	0	555
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	11,360	350	10,975	40	0	365
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	4,860	180	4,660	20	0	185
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	20,285	830	19,355	95	0	880
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,475	125	4,315	20	15	135
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	22,205	980	20,890	330	0	1,145
Bachelor's degree	15,105	620	14,335	150	0	695
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,780	90	1,660	25	0	105
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	580	15	550	15	0	20
Master's degree	4,235	215	3,890	130	0	280
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	505	45	450	10	0	50
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	98,015	4,195	92,985	755	85	4,575
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	34,830	1,730	32,785	250	65	1,855
Education	4,980	165	4,790	25	0	175
13. Education	4,980	165	4,795	25	0	175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,490	155	2,325	10	0	160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	495	25	475	0	0	25
50. Visual and performing arts	2,000	135	1,850	10	0	135
Humanities	3,305	215	3,055	45	0	235
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	355	50	285	25	0	55
23. English language and literature/letters	70	20	45	0	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,935	90	1,835	10	0	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	15	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	0	95	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	15	120	0	0	10
54. History	230	25	205	0	0	20
55. French language and literature/letters	470	10	455	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,450	295	5,065	80	0	335
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	50	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	725	15	705	10	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,180	30	1,130	20	10	40
22. Legal professions and studies	1,070	25	1,015	25	0	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	155	0	160	0	0	0
42. Psychology	990	50	935	0	0	50
45. Social sciences	1,275	175	1,070	30	0	185
Business, management and public administration	15,335	605	14,605	120	0	665
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	805	20	790	0	0	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,510	585	13,800	120	10	645
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,015	120	1,880	15	0	130
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	675	50	615	10	0	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	385	35	350	10	0	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	255	10	245	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	515	20	490	0	0	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	185	15	170	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,550	90	2,435	20	0	100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,120	70	2,025	20	0	80
25. Library science	205	0	200	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	15	180	0	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	30	0	30	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	13,415	435	12,845	130	0	505
04. Architecture and related services	430	10	420	0	0	10
14. Engineering	2,450	95	2,265	90	0	140
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,530	110	2,420	10	0	110
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,305	80	3,210	15	0	90
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,785	95	2,665	25	0	105
48. Precision production	1,915	50	1,860	0	0	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,295	30	1,260	0	0	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	955	25	930	10	0	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	10	330	0	0	0
Health and related fields	7,325	220	7,060	45	0	245
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	555	25	530	0	0	25
51. Health professions and related programs	6,645	195	6,405	45	0	215
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	125	0	120	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,015	130	4,870	10	0	135
12. Personal and culinary services	2,570	70	2,485	0	0	80
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	0	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,455	25	1,425	0	0	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	965	30	930	10	0	30
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	98,015	4,195	92,985	755	85	4,570
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,830	1,730	32,785	250	65	1,855
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	63,180	2,460	60,200	505	15	2,715
Location of study inside Canada	60,915	2,185	58,425	310	0	2,340
Same as province or territory of residence	59,880	1,935	57,640	305	0	2,085
Different than province or territory of residence	1,035	245	780	10	0	250
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	2,270	280	1,775	195	15	375
United States^Footnote 130	220	60	150	0	0	60
Philippines	0	10	0	0	0	0
India	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	85	45	35	0	0	45
China^Footnote 132	55	15	15	15	10	25
France	850	0	830	0	0	10
Other	1,055	140	740	160	10	220
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	98,015	4,195	92,985	755	85	not applicable ...
In the labour force	70,065	2,775	66,705	560	20	not applicable ...
Employed	67,060	2,585	63,920	530	20	not applicable ...
Unemployed	3,010	190	2,785	35	0	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	27,950	1,420	26,280	195	60	not applicable ...
Participation rate	71.5	66.2	71.7	74.2	23.5	not applicable ...
Employment rate	68.4	61.6	68.7	70.2	23.5	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	4.3	6.8	4.2	6.2	0.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	98,015	4,195	92,985	755	85	4,575
Did not work^Footnote 135	25,535	1,380	23,890	200	60	1,480
Worked	72,480	2,815	69,090	555	25	3,090
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	36,170	1,590	34,310	265	10	1,720
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	36,310	1,220	34,785	295	15	1,370
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.9	44.4	43.9	43.7	37.3	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	73,915	2,870	70,445	575	25	3,160
a.Management	8,910	465	8,360	80	10	505
00 Senior management occupations	1,660	80	1,570	10	0	85
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	3,200	145	3,035	15	0	155
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,395	150	2,195	40	10	175
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,665	85	1,565	10	0	90
b.Professional	15,110	560	14,400	150	0	635
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	3,185	140	3,020	25	0	150
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	3,250	125	3,070	55	0	150
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,145	30	1,110	15	0	35
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,370	40	1,315	15	0	45
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,415	135	3,245	35	0	150
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,905	40	1,855	10	0	45
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	840	55	785	0	0	55
c.Technical and paraprofessional	9,590	280	9,265	45	0	300
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,335	85	2,240	15	0	90
32 Technical occupations in health	1,560	30	1,530	0	0	30
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,540	55	2,470	10	0	60
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,230	40	1,185	0	0	40
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,925	70	1,835	20	0	85
d.Administration and administrative support	9,250	390	8,805	45	0	415
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	4,685	215	4,465	10	0	220
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	780	35	735	15	0	40
14 Office support occupations	2,260	110	2,140	10	0	115
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,520	40	1,475	10	10	45
e.Sales	7,680	315	7,290	65	10	350
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,430	80	1,335	15	0	90
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	3,475	125	3,335	20	0	130
66 Sales support occupations	2,770	115	2,625	35	0	130
f.Personal and customer information services	9,635	430	9,115	90	0	475
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	870	35	825	0	0	45
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	805	25	770	0	0	30
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,890	85	1,785	20	0	95
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	3,200	155	3,035	15	0	160
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	2,870	125	2,700	45	0	145
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	6,420	145	6,225	50	0	170
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,935	90	3,815	35	0	105
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,480	60	2,410	15	0	65
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,735	110	3,600	15	10	125
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	865	35	830	0	0	35
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,245	70	2,160	20	0	75
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	630	10	615	0	0	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,030	55	965	10	10	60
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	190	15	165	10	0	20
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	345	10	330	0	0	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	500	30	470	0	0	30
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,550	115	2,415	25	0	125
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	485	20	460	0	0	20
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	825	40	780	10	0	45
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	545	20	525	0	0	25
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	700	35	655	10	0	40
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	73,915	2,870	70,445	575	25	3,155
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,155	35	1,110	0	10	40
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	1,050	30	1,010	0	10	35
113 Forestry and logging	30	0	25	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10	0	10	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	70	0	65	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	10	160	0	0	15
211 Oil and gas extraction	15	0	15	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	120	10	115	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	35	10	25	0	0	10
22 Utilities	995	10	985	0	0	10
221 Utilities	995	10	990	10	0	10
23 Construction	5,505	105	5,355	35	0	125
236 Construction of buildings	1,900	30	1,855	10	0	35
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	365	10	355	10	0	15
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,240	65	3,150	25	0	80
31-33 Manufacturing	7,750	320	7,375	55	0	345
311 Food manufacturing	1,465	60	1,405	0	0	65
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	175	10	165	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	15	0	10	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	80	0	75	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	95	15	80	0	0	15
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	250	10	245	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	135	10	125	0	0	10
323 Printing and related support activities	365	0	355	10	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	50	0	40	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	540	50	480	10	0	55
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	375	0	375	0	0	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	275	10	255	15	0	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	300	10	290	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	805	25	775	0	0	30
333 Machinery manufacturing	415	10	405	0	0	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	265	15	250	0	0	15
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	260	10	245	0	0	15
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,260	70	1,170	15	0	80
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	325	0	320	10	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	305	10	295	0	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	3,090	185	2,890	10	10	190
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	30	10	20	0	0	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	45	0	45	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	660	55	600	10	0	55
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	460	25	430	0	0	25
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	315	10	300	10	10	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	480	40	440	0	0	40
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	560	25	535	0	0	25
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	445	20	425	0	0	20
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	110	10	100	0	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	9,170	360	8,725	85	0	400
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,155	45	1,110	0	0	45
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	440	0	435	0	0	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	200	25	170	10	0	30
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	930	25	895	15	0	30
445 Food and beverage stores	2,500	85	2,390	25	0	95
446 Health and personal care stores	1,225	45	1,175	10	0	50
447 Gasoline stations	135	0	130	0	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	755	35	705	15	0	45
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	460	20	440	0	0	20
452 General merchandise stores	680	40	635	0	0	40
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	515	30	485	0	0	30
454 Non-store retailers	170	10	160	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,915	175	2,700	35	0	190
481 Air transportation	165	20	145	0	0	20
482 Rail transportation	240	25	220	0	0	25
483 Water transportation	30	0	20	10	0	10
484 Truck transportation	910	45	850	15	0	55
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	725	15	705	0	0	15
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	340	40	295	0	0	45
491 Postal service	270	0	265	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	125	10	110	10	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	95	10	90	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,330	110	2,180	45	0	125
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	500	20	475	10	0	25
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	420	20	400	0	0	20
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	390	10	380	0	0	10
517 Telecommunications	860	50	790	25	0	60
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	20	0	20	0	0	0
519 Other information services	135	0	125	0	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	3,595	180	3,380	35	0	195
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	1,760	75	1,680	10	0	75
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	470	45	410	15	0	50
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	1,330	60	1,260	15	0	65
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	35	0	30	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,280	55	1,215	10	0	60
531 Real estate	990	40	935	15	0	45
532 Rental and leasing services	280	15	270	0	0	15
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	0	10	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,840	275	5,530	35	0	295
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,845	275	5,530	40	0	295
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	0	50	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	55	0	55	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,585	145	2,415	30	0	160
561 Administrative and support services	2,390	140	2,225	25	0	150
562 Waste management and remediation services	190	10	185	10	0	10
61 Educational services	6,000	220	5,735	45	0	245
611 Educational services	6,000	225	5,735	45	0	245
62 Health care and social assistance	8,345	185	8,110	60	0	210
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,665	60	2,575	25	0	70
622 Hospitals	2,485	60	2,420	0	0	60
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,070	25	1,035	0	0	30
624 Social assistance	2,130	35	2,080	15	0	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,840	85	1,750	10	0	90
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	515	35	475	10	0	40
712 Heritage institutions	180	0	180	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,145	45	1,095	10	0	50
72 Accommodation and food services	3,525	190	3,280	50	0	215
721 Accommodation services	335	20	315	0	0	20
722 Food services and drinking places	3,190	170	2,970	50	10	190
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,305	105	3,170	25	0	120
811 Repair and maintenance	1,095	40	1,045	15	0	45
812 Personal and laundry services	1,210	40	1,170	0	0	40
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	870	25	845	0	0	25
814 Private households	120	0	110	0	0	10
91 Public administration	4,475	130	4,330	10	0	135
911 Federal government public administration	1,215	80	1,130	10	0	80
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,145	20	1,125	0	0	20
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,100	30	2,075	0	0	30
914 Aboriginal public administration	10	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	67,060	2,585	63,920	530	20	2,850
Worked at home	5,285	225	5,000	50	10	250
Worked outside Canada	120	15	105	0	0	10
No fixed workplace address	6,210	240	5,920	50	0	260
Worked at usual place	55,440	2,110	52,890	430	10	2,330
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	73,915	2,875	70,445	575	25	3,160
English	3,470	1,095	2,320	60	0	1,125
French	66,970	1,390	65,245	330	0	1,555
Non-official language	60	10	30	10	15	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	60	10	35	10	15	10
English and French	3,300	350	2,770	170	0	440
English and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	0	40	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	20	30	10	0	20
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	73,915	2,870	70,445	575	25	3,160
None	49,185	1,015	47,855	300	20	1,165
English	21,590	1,015	20,375	190	0	1,115
French	2,700	775	1,890	40	0	790
Non-official language	260	50	170	35	10	70
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	260	50	165	40	0	70
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	150	10	140	10	0	10
French and non-official language	20	0	20	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	55,445	2,110	52,890	430	10	2,325
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,310	245	8,020	35	10	265
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,370	195	7,150	30	0	210
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	39,695	1,665	37,670	360	0	1,845
Commute to a different province or territory	60	10	55	0	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	61,650	2,345	58,810	485	10	2,590
Car, truck, van - as a driver	50,915	1,820	48,745	340	10	1,990
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,980	80	1,885	20	0	85
Public transit	6,085	370	5,610	105	0	425
Walked	1,730	70	1,645	15	0	75
Bicycle	425	0	425	0	0	0
Other method	510	15	500	0	0	15
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	61,655	2,345	58,810	480	10	2,590
Less than 15 minutes	12,980	385	12,485	100	0	435
15 to 29 minutes	17,720	570	17,040	105	0	625
30 to 44 minutes	15,170	570	14,510	90	0	615
45 to 59 minutes	7,855	385	7,415	60	0	415
60 minutes and over	7,930	440	7,360	130	0	500
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	61,650	2,350	58,810	485	10	2,590
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,415	205	5,180	25	0	220
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,160	480	12,580	100	0	535
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,275	775	19,360	135	0	840
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,830	360	10,375	100	0	405
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,745	225	4,475	40	10	240
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,230	305	6,840	80	0	350
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	120,775	4,715	114,945	1,015	100	5,225
Non-movers	109,485	4,290	104,245	860	85	4,715
Movers	11,295	430	10,695	155	10	510
Non-migrants	3,840	95	3,705	30	0	115
Migrants	7,455	335	6,995	120	10	395
Internal migrants	7,320	320	6,890	110	0	375
Intraprovincial migrants	7,220	290	6,820	110	10	345
Interprovincial migrants	100	35	65	0	0	30
External migrants	130	15	105	10	0	25
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	114,585	4,540	109,015	940	90	5,010
Non-movers	77,150	3,095	73,605	425	25	3,305
Movers	37,430	1,445	35,405	520	60	1,705
Non-migrants	11,780	310	11,315	140	0	380
Migrants	25,655	1,130	24,095	375	55	1,320
Internal migrants	24,850	1,010	23,535	275	35	1,150
Intraprovincial migrants	24,445	910	23,240	265	35	1,040
Interprovincial migrants	405	105	295	10	0	105
External migrants	800	120	565	105	10	175

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – La Vallée-du-Richelieu

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 2.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.