Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Ottawa

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	916,860	744,160	138,080	21,180	13,435	148,670
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	916,855	744,155	138,080	21,185	13,435	148,670
0 to 14 years	155,435	125,990	20,830	5,685	2,930	23,670
0 to 4 years	48,730	39,385	5,935	1,125	2,275	6,500
5 to 9 years	53,625	43,720	7,320	2,175	410	8,410
10 to 14 years	53,085	42,880	7,570	2,385	250	8,765
15 to 64 years	629,060	516,900	93,795	14,230	4,145	100,910
15 to 19 years	56,870	46,850	7,725	2,100	195	8,770
20 to 24 years	67,980	57,405	8,635	1,740	205	9,505
25 to 29 years	63,245	54,055	7,705	1,230	250	8,320
30 to 34 years	61,275	51,820	7,980	1,195	280	8,580
35 to 39 years	59,155	48,585	8,970	1,345	255	9,640
40 to 44 years	62,230	50,590	9,580	1,590	460	10,375
45 to 49 years	65,440	53,330	9,900	1,700	505	10,750
50 to 54 years	72,530	57,900	12,495	1,590	545	13,290
55 to 59 years	66,005	52,820	11,435	1,060	690	11,965
60 to 64 years	54,325	43,535	9,370	670	745	9,705
65 years and over	132,355	101,265	23,455	1,270	6,365	24,090
65 to 69 years	47,475	37,605	8,340	485	1,050	8,580
70 to 74 years	33,060	25,260	6,015	340	1,440	6,185
75 to 79 years	23,675	17,635	4,155	225	1,665	4,265
80 to 84 years	15,780	11,705	2,855	135	1,085	2,925
85 years and over	12,365	9,060	2,090	85	1,120	2,135
85 to 89 years	8,480	6,150	1,430	70	825	1,465
90 to 94 years	3,205	2,420	540	15	225	545
95 to 99 years	615	455	95	0	60	100
100 years and over	65	35	25	0	10	25
Average age	39.5	39.0	42.2	32.0	51.8	not applicable ...
Median age	39.5	38.7	43.8	29.3	62.6	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	761,420	618,170	117,250	15,495	10,505	125,000
Married or living common law	433,950	353,010	66,410	8,195	6,340	70,505
Married	362,880	296,205	52,850	7,620	6,200	56,660
Living common law	71,075	56,805	13,560	570	140	13,845
Not married and not living common law	327,470	265,160	50,840	7,305	4,165	54,490
Never married	231,375	191,540	33,195	5,870	770	36,130
Separated	20,680	16,215	3,695	430	340	3,910
Divorced	44,685	35,305	8,255	685	435	8,600
Widowed	30,730	22,100	5,695	320	2,620	5,855
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	761,420	618,170	117,245	15,500	10,500	125,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	728,080	591,235	112,805	14,355	9,680	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,605	54,807	57,940	46,095	16,040	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,897	41,675	48,538	33,168	14,790	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	728,355	591,450	112,865	14,355	9,685	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,428	44,539	47,081	38,632	15,324	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,149	36,959	42,092	30,722	14,783	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	663,600	542,760	103,395	12,845	4,600	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,792	54,833	57,394	46,926	13,309	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,819	41,337	47,348	34,334	7,121	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	502,790	406,735	76,800	10,325	8,935	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,757	6,497	7,835	5,748	10,535	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,213	2,816	6,232	1,665	12,619	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,025	449,970	82,535	11,410	2,110	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,088	52,849	56,067	47,362	18,477	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,055	40,192	48,531	35,434	12,885	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	91.5	91.8	90.8	91.0	39.4	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	72.9	73.4	70.8	81.7	25.1	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	8.5	8.2	9.2	9.0	60.6	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	761,420	618,165	117,250	15,500	10,505	124,995
Without total income	33,340	26,935	4,445	1,135	825	5,010
With total income	728,085	591,235	112,805	14,360	9,680	119,990
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.6	96.2	92.6	92.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	99,115	81,590	11,565	3,045	2,920	13,085
$10,000 to $19,999	107,585	86,230	14,500	2,280	4,580	15,640
$20,000 to $29,999	77,650	63,705	11,235	1,455	1,255	11,965
$30,000 to $39,999	66,755	54,755	10,195	1,280	530	10,835
$40,000 to $49,999	63,700	51,935	10,485	1,115	175	11,035
$50,000 to $59,999	58,380	46,620	10,825	875	60	11,260
$60,000 to $69,999	51,440	41,285	9,305	835	20	9,720
$70,000 to $79,999	41,900	33,710	7,380	750	60	7,760
$80,000 to $89,999	36,435	29,005	6,690	715	30	7,050
$90,000 to $99,999	32,375	26,090	5,750	510	30	6,000
$100,000 and over	92,745	76,325	14,885	1,500	35	15,635
$100,000 to $149,999	65,650	53,645	10,810	1,160	40	11,385
$150,000 and over	27,095	22,670	4,075	340	0	4,250
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	761,420	618,170	117,250	15,500	10,505	124,995
Without after-tax income	33,065	26,715	4,385	1,135	825	4,955
With after-tax income	728,360	591,450	112,865	14,360	9,685	120,045
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	95.7	96.3	92.6	92.2	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	103,450	85,175	12,290	3,065	2,920	13,820
$10,000 to $19,999	111,655	89,655	15,000	2,365	4,630	16,185
$20,000 to $29,999	90,205	74,110	13,190	1,615	1,295	14,000
$30,000 to $39,999	82,250	67,165	13,070	1,510	510	13,820
$40,000 to $49,999	78,600	63,120	14,035	1,290	150	14,680
$50,000 to $59,999	68,210	54,495	12,575	1,100	40	13,125
$60,000 to $69,999	54,250	43,465	9,670	1,055	60	10,195
$70,000 to $79,999	45,935	37,010	8,080	810	40	8,485
$80,000 and over	93,800	77,250	14,960	1,550	40	15,730
$80,000 to $89,999	32,795	26,870	5,310	600	20	5,605
$90,000 to $99,999	19,530	15,860	3,315	335	20	3,485
$100,000 and over	41,475	34,530	6,330	620	0	6,640
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	761,420	618,170	117,250	15,495	10,500	125,000
Without employment income	215,395	168,195	34,720	4,080	8,395	36,760
With employment income	546,025	449,970	82,535	11,410	2,110	88,240
Percentage with employment income	71.7	72.8	70.4	73.6	20.1	70.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	67,190	55,205	9,785	1,710	490	10,635
$5,000 to $9,999	40,870	34,035	5,415	1,015	400	5,930
$10,000 to $19,999	64,750	54,830	8,050	1,450	410	8,775
$20,000 to $29,999	50,410	42,495	6,575	915	420	7,030
$30,000 to $39,999	44,800	37,575	5,925	1,115	180	6,490
$40,000 to $49,999	43,580	36,090	6,610	790	90	7,005
$50,000 to $59,999	41,290	33,155	7,380	720	35	7,740
$60,000 to $69,999	35,930	28,855	6,365	700	15	6,715
$70,000 to $79,999	29,880	24,080	5,205	580	20	5,495
$80,000 and over	127,325	103,650	21,225	2,410	45	22,425
$80,000 to $89,999	29,185	23,235	5,295	635	20	5,615
$90,000 to $99,999	26,525	21,355	4,660	490	15	4,910
$100,000 and over	71,610	59,060	11,265	1,280	15	11,900
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	761,420	618,170	117,245	15,500	10,505	125,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	279,485	231,060	42,735	5,150	535	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	65,546	64,960	69,160	67,490	26,559	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	75,111	74,798	77,548	73,637	29,922	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	916,860	744,160	138,080	21,185	13,440	148,665
English only	544,970	544,970	0	0	0	0
French only	12,405	0	12,400	0	0	12,405
English and French	345,765	198,965	125,615	21,180	0	136,205
Neither English nor French	13,720	225	60	0	13,435	60
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	916,860	744,160	138,080	21,180	13,440	148,670
English	676,430	634,605	41,830	0	0	41,830
French	85,440	2,415	83,035	0	0	83,035
Non-official language	98,065	67,740	2,360	14,530	13,435	9,620
Aboriginal	190	175	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	97,880	67,570	2,360	14,520	13,430	9,615
English and French	11,985	1,790	6,195	4,000	0	8,195
English and non-official language	36,840	36,590	255	0	0	255
French and non-official language	3,420	45	3,375	0	0	3,375
English, French and non-official language	4,665	975	1,035	2,650	0	2,365
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	916,855	744,160	138,080	21,185	13,440	148,670
None	702,360	611,545	67,450	10,975	12,385	72,940
English	79,390	35,935	37,050	5,785	615	39,940
French	58,765	33,045	24,615	1,080	25	25,155
Non-official language	67,570	59,375	6,795	1,005	395	7,295
Aboriginal	385	375	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	67,180	59,000	6,785	1,000	395	7,290
English and French	2,660	190	235	2,220	10	1,350
English and non-official language	2,280	720	1,505	55	0	1,535
French and non-official language	3,755	3,325	425	10	0	425
English, French and non-official language	90	20	10	60	10	40
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	916,855	744,160	138,080	21,185	13,435	148,670
English	557,950	557,885	60	0	0	60
French	126,150	1,530	124,620	0	0	124,620
Non-official language	200,320	161,805	8,305	16,760	13,435	16,690
Aboriginal	645	630	0	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	199,675	161,180	8,310	16,760	13,430	16,690
English and French	11,385	6,755	1,335	3,295	0	2,980
English and non-official language	14,835	14,820	15	0	0	15
French and non-official language	3,840	190	3,645	0	0	3,645
English, French and non-official language	2,375	1,165	90	1,120	0	655
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	916,860	744,160	138,080	21,185	13,440	148,670
Official languages	903,135	743,935	138,015	21,180	0	148,610
English	890,730	743,935	125,615	21,180	0	136,205
French	358,165	198,965	138,020	21,180	0	148,610
Non-official languages	276,220	216,815	27,605	18,365	13,440	36,780
Aboriginal languages	1,140	1,095	30	0	0	30
Non-Aboriginal languages	275,145	215,775	27,580	18,360	13,430	36,765
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	916,860	744,160	138,080	21,185	13,440	148,665
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	22,955	18,165	4,670	110	20	4,720
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	21,815	17,240	4,455	100	20	4,505
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	11,190	9,570	1,565	45	15	1,585
Métis	9,475	6,560	2,855	60	10	2,885
Inuk (Inuit)	1,150	1,110	35	0	0	35
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	550	460	80	10	0	85
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	595	470	125	0	0	125
Non-Aboriginal identity	893,900	725,995	133,410	21,075	13,420	143,950
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	916,860	744,160	138,075	21,180	13,435	148,670
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	5,970	5,240	690	30	10	705
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	910,890	738,920	137,390	21,150	13,435	147,960
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	916,855	744,160	138,075	21,185	13,435	148,670
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	4,135	3,050	1,070	10	10	1,075
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	4,055	3,005	1,030	10	10	1,040
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	2,660	1,970	680	10	0	685
Métis single ancestry	875	540	330	0	0	330
Inuit single ancestry	520	490	25	0	0	30
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	75	40	35	0	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	55	20	30	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	38,345	28,785	9,295	240	20	9,410
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	37,375	28,055	9,070	230	20	9,185
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,910	19,865	5,830	205	15	5,935
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10,600	7,395	3,180	20	0	3,190
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	860	800	60	10	0	60
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	965	730	220	15	0	230
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	865	645	205	10	0	215
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	50	10	0	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	35	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	874,380	712,325	127,720	20,930	13,410	138,180
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	916,860	744,160	138,080	21,185	13,435	148,670
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	854,535	696,305	131,800	18,820	7,610	141,210
Canadian citizens only	796,530	650,735	125,910	13,355	6,520	132,585
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	58,005	45,565	5,890	5,465	1,085	8,625
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	62,320	47,850	6,280	2,365	5,830	7,455
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	916,855	744,160	138,080	21,185	13,435	148,670
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	685,260	557,570	117,000	8,605	2,085	121,300
Immigrants^Footnote 42	216,500	173,755	19,755	12,175	10,815	25,845
Before 1981	53,740	48,155	2,945	1,350	1,290	3,620
1981 to 1990	29,670	24,545	2,075	1,935	1,120	3,045
1991 to 2000	49,680	40,185	3,775	3,335	2,385	5,445
2001 to 2010	53,335	39,540	7,030	4,120	2,645	9,095
2001 to 2005	25,180	19,020	3,040	1,975	1,150	4,025
2006 to 2010	28,155	20,525	3,990	2,150	1,490	5,065
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	30,080	21,330	3,925	1,440	3,385	4,650
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	15,095	12,835	1,330	405	530	1,530
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	216,500	173,760	19,755	12,175	10,815	25,840
Under 5 years	23,760	19,825	2,145	1,420	370	2,855
5 to 14 years	38,625	31,760	3,740	2,585	540	5,035
15 to 24 years	45,510	38,565	3,750	2,370	820	4,935
25 to 44 years	90,085	73,215	8,450	5,265	3,155	11,080
45 years and over	18,530	10,390	1,675	535	5,935	1,940
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	216,505	173,755	19,755	12,175	10,815	25,845
Americas	32,755	24,275	5,805	2,140	530	6,875
Brazil	985	820	20	140	10	90
Colombia	1,265	945	95	195	35	190
El Salvador	1,710	1,465	30	140	75	100
Guyana	1,375	1,370	0	0	0	0
Haiti	6,325	565	4,870	730	160	5,235
Jamaica	2,990	2,990	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,295	1,030	40	205	20	145
Peru	820	665	25	75	55	65
Trinidad and Tobago	1,260	1,260	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	8,245	7,605	505	130	0	570
Other places of birth in Americas	6,490	5,565	220	525	175	480
Europe	55,430	48,890	2,975	2,300	1,270	4,120
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,605	1,470	10	75	50	45
Croatia	805	750	0	40	15	20
France	2,275	380	1,835	55	10	1,860
Germany	3,890	3,710	100	85	0	145
Greece	910	845	15	15	30	20
Hungary	825	800	0	20	10	10
Ireland^Footnote 48	810	795	0	10	0	0
Italy	5,410	4,660	105	240	400	225
Netherlands	1,890	1,840	25	30	0	40
Poland	4,170	3,790	55	205	115	160
Portugal	1,960	1,530	115	125	190	180
Romania	2,400	1,715	90	525	70	350
Russian Federation	2,860	2,400	60	290	105	210
Serbia^Footnote 49	875	755	0	70	40	40
Ukraine	1,775	1,585	25	95	70	75
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	15,765	15,725	40	0	0	40
Other places of birth in Europe	7,210	6,135	485	435	150	700
Africa	30,340	17,500	9,175	2,985	685	10,665
Algeria	1,025	120	495	405	15	695
Egypt	3,420	2,595	350	365	105	530
Ethiopia	2,215	1,855	125	155	85	200
Kenya	1,060	1,030	10	20	0	20
Morocco	1,235	215	610	380	25	800
Nigeria	1,265	1,255	0	0	0	10
Somalia	3,895	3,110	265	295	230	410
South Africa, Republic of	850	820	20	10	0	25
Other places of birth in Africa	15,375	6,505	7,305	1,350	220	7,975
Asia	97,170	82,310	1,785	4,740	8,335	4,160
Afghanistan	2,400	2,070	10	65	260	40
Bangladesh	2,655	2,500	10	75	80	45
China^Footnote 51	17,400	13,450	140	465	3,350	370
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	3,015	2,850	10	60	100	40
India	10,495	9,965	30	175	335	115
Iran^Footnote 53	4,395	3,880	35	255	225	165
Iraq	3,540	2,925	15	165	435	95
Japan	730	680	10	35	10	25
Korea, South^Footnote 54	1,695	1,575	15	50	50	45
Lebanon	11,000	7,365	1,035	1,985	605	2,030
Pakistan	3,830	3,650	10	80	95	50
Philippines	8,865	8,770	0	40	50	25
Sri Lanka	2,330	2,195	0	35	100	15
Syria^Footnote 55	3,125	1,775	50	195	1,105	145
Taiwan	835	730	0	35	65	25
Viet Nam	5,600	4,360	200	360	685	380
Other places of birth in Asia	15,275	13,590	230	665	790	565
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	805	785	20	0	0	20
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	30,075	21,325	3,925	1,435	3,385	4,645
Americas	4,060	2,610	1,060	240	150	1,175
Brazil	140	115	0	20	10	10
Colombia	190	170	0	15	0	10
Cuba	125	85	10	15	20	15
Haiti	1,290	185	920	130	55	985
Jamaica	115	115	0	0	0	0
Mexico	245	215	0	15	10	10
United States^Footnote 58	1,135	1,020	95	20	0	105
Venezuela^Footnote 59	120	100	0	0	20	0
Other places of birth in Americas	695	610	30	15	40	35
Europe	2,570	2,005	320	100	135	375
France	285	15	260	0	0	265
Germany	160	145	10	10	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 60	75	65	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	35	35	0	0	0	0
Romania	120	90	0	15	15	10
Russian Federation	355	285	10	10	45	10
Ukraine	215	185	10	0	15	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	605	600	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	725	585	40	45	55	70
Africa	6,150	2,980	2,360	540	270	2,630
Algeria	130	30	50	50	0	70
Cameroon	325	75	240	10	0	245
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	720	115	520	60	20	555
Côte d'Ivoire	165	10	165	0	0	160
Egypt	780	620	30	90	40	75
Eritrea	245	200	0	0	45	0
Ethiopia	330	280	15	0	30	15
Morocco	170	30	105	30	0	125
Nigeria	380	380	0	0	0	0
Somalia	355	245	25	15	75	30
South Africa, Republic of	105	95	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	95	10	50	40	0	75
Other places of birth in Africa	2,340	900	1,155	235	60	1,270
Asia	17,165	13,600	185	560	2,825	465
Afghanistan	535	455	0	10	70	10
Bangladesh	535	490	0	10	35	10
China^Footnote 63	2,585	1,690	10	40	840	35
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	85	70	0	0	10	0
India	1,900	1,785	10	20	90	15
Iran^Footnote 65	780	640	0	50	90	25
Iraq	1,080	795	0	40	245	20
Israel	190	155	0	20	15	10
Japan	110	95	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	220	215	0	0	0	10
Lebanon	895	530	115	170	80	200
Nepal	290	265	0	10	15	0
Pakistan	640	600	0	0	30	0
Philippines	2,640	2,600	0	20	25	10
Saudi Arabia	365	315	15	30	0	30
Sri Lanka	215	205	0	0	15	0
Syria^Footnote 67	1,820	710	0	65	1,040	35
Taiwan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Turkey	180	160	0	10	10	0
United Arab Emirates	340	325	10	10	0	10
Viet Nam	200	160	0	0	40	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,540	1,300	20	40	170	45
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	135	130	0	0	0	0
Australia	115	115	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	15	15	0	0	0	10
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	916,855	744,160	138,080	21,180	13,435	148,670
First generation^Footnote 71	240,900	194,760	21,945	12,765	11,430	28,330
Second generation^Footnote 72	190,770	166,350	16,175	6,320	1,920	19,335
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	485,190	383,045	99,960	2,095	90	101,005
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	165,780	128,050	17,050	10,970	9,710	22,535
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	76,545	62,900	6,475	6,025	1,140	9,490
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	31,820	26,355	2,890	2,145	430	3,965
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	44,725	36,545	3,585	3,880	710	5,530
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	47,735	35,845	4,625	2,060	5,205	5,650
Refugees^Footnote 79	39,525	28,090	5,515	2,780	3,145	6,900
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	1,980	1,215	440	105	220	490
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	916,855	744,160	138,075	21,185	13,435	148,670
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	241,250	191,185	25,880	12,875	11,310	32,315
South Asian^Footnote 83	38,750	36,195	305	1,135	1,120	875
Chinese	40,960	34,735	740	1,265	4,230	1,370
Black	60,205	36,405	19,795	3,160	855	21,375
Filipino	12,030	11,835	60	65	75	95
Latin American	11,150	9,110	480	1,155	410	1,055
Arab	40,925	30,620	3,010	4,395	2,905	5,205
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	12,365	10,515	480	600	775	785
West Asian^Footnote 85	9,000	7,810	90	540	555	365
Korean	2,960	2,725	50	95	85	100
Japanese	2,425	2,225	100	75	30	140
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	2,610	2,180	240	110	80	295
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	7,860	6,850	515	290	205	665
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	675,610	552,975	112,200	8,305	2,125	116,350
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	916,855	744,160	138,080	21,185	13,440	148,665
North American Aboriginal origins	42,475	31,840	10,360	250	25	10,485
First Nations (North American Indian)	29,575	22,575	6,765	230	15	6,875
Inuit	1,500	1,395	105	0	0	105
Métis	12,455	8,650	3,750	35	10	3,770
Other North American origins	271,895	200,560	69,110	2,015	210	70,120
Acadian	3,820	2,420	1,360	35	10	1,375
American	11,785	10,860	825	90	10	870
Canadian	261,225	191,605	67,525	1,890	200	68,475
New Brunswicker	40	20	20	0	0	20
Newfoundlander	680	655	20	10	0	25
Nova Scotian	110	90	10	15	0	10
Ontarian	315	85	220	10	0	220
Québécois	880	330	510	40	0	530
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	30	25	0	0	0	0
European origins	585,625	497,890	78,855	7,010	1,875	82,360
British Isles origins	388,245	363,060	23,675	1,430	85	24,385
Channel Islander	100	100	0	0	0	0
Cornish	65	70	0	0	0	0
English	193,700	184,580	8,375	700	35	8,725
Irish	198,640	185,015	12,925	670	30	13,260
Manx	175	170	0	0	0	0
Scottish	169,955	162,280	7,195	455	25	7,420
Welsh	17,155	16,830	295	30	10	310
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	33,085	31,900	1,030	135	20	1,100
French origins	184,460	113,060	69,325	2,015	60	70,330
Alsatian	45	40	15	0	0	15
Breton	125	25	100	0	0	100
Corsican	55	35	20	0	0	20
French	184,380	113,005	69,295	2,020	65	70,305
Western European origins (except French origins)	113,155	104,815	7,320	945	75	7,795
Austrian	5,725	5,370	285	70	10	315
Bavarian	65	55	0	15	0	0
Belgian	4,300	2,955	1,305	40	0	1,325
Dutch	28,500	27,350	995	135	15	1,065
Flemish	395	290	90	10	0	95
Frisian	70	70	0	0	0	0
German	78,875	73,675	4,470	670	60	4,810
Luxembourger	120	75	40	0	0	45
Swiss	4,275	3,575	605	90	0	650
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	135	115	15	10	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	23,395	22,385	855	140	10	925
Danish	5,135	5,005	95	30	10	115
Finnish	3,875	3,720	120	35	0	135
Icelandic	1,450	1,410	40	10	0	40
Norwegian	6,380	6,035	315	35	0	330
Swedish	6,870	6,570	255	35	0	275
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,485	1,395	80	15	0	85
Eastern European origins	85,560	78,965	3,460	2,415	720	4,670
Bulgarian	1,435	1,215	55	140	30	120
Byelorussian	830	695	15	55	65	40
Czech	3,580	3,345	155	70	15	190
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	685	665	15	0	0	15
Estonian	950	880	50	20	0	55
Hungarian	8,475	7,880	375	190	30	470
Latvian	1,065	1,030	20	0	10	25
Lithuanian	2,420	2,205	165	40	10	185
Moldovan	380	330	0	30	15	10
Polish	32,345	30,175	1,405	600	170	1,705
Romanian	6,240	5,255	320	580	85	610
Russian	15,220	13,770	415	730	310	780
Slovak	2,525	2,335	95	70	25	130
Ukrainian	24,960	23,555	770	460	180	1,000
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	1,025	975	25	20	0	35
Southern European origins	80,920	71,235	6,035	2,585	1,065	7,325
Albanian	1,070	915	50	50	55	70
Bosnian	1,250	1,125	0	85	40	45
Catalan	10	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	3,545	3,300	90	125	25	155
Cypriot	160	145	15	0	0	10
Greek	6,975	6,170	515	240	50	640
Italian	45,705	41,015	3,375	900	420	3,825
Kosovar	60	55	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	550	515	10	25	10	20
Maltese	575	520	55	0	0	55
Montenegrin	150	140	0	15	0	0
Portuguese	9,290	7,850	790	430	215	1,005
Serbian	2,670	2,290	45	260	80	175
Sicilian	265	240	25	0	0	25
Slovenian	1,230	1,110	85	35	10	95
Spanish	12,190	9,965	1,165	865	200	1,600
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	800	735	40	15	10	50
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	65	60	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	8,005	6,985	620	315	85	775
Basque	280	150	105	25	0	115
Jewish	5,755	5,145	280	245	80	400
Roma (Gypsy)	75	75	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	190	175	0	10	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	1,760	1,490	225	40	10	245
Caribbean origins	25,660	16,560	7,840	1,010	250	8,345
Antiguan	260	245	0	15	0	0
Bahamian	160	150	10	0	0	10
Barbadian	1,240	1,180	45	15	10	50
Bermudan	95	90	0	0	0	0
Carib	105	110	0	0	0	0
Cuban	1,110	910	70	80	45	115
Dominican	690	465	160	35	30	175
Grenadian	295	290	0	0	0	10
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian	9,955	1,825	7,205	765	155	7,585
Jamaican	7,775	7,535	210	35	0	220
Kittitian/Nevisian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Martinican	30	0	25	0	0	30
Montserratan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	90	90	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	765	685	85	0	0	85
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,005	1,935	50	10	0	55
Vincentian/Grenadinian	235	230	10	0	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,600	1,465	80	50	0	105
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,030	885	125	25	0	140
Latin, Central and South American origins	17,740	15,025	1,030	1,350	340	1,705
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	790	630	85	60	10	115
Arawak	60	55	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	665	520	75	50	15	105
Belizean	90	85	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	145	130	10	0	0	10
Brazilian	1,135	980	70	70	15	105
Chilean	1,040	885	70	80	10	110
Colombian	1,950	1,520	140	235	45	260
Costa Rican	165	140	10	15	0	15
Ecuadorian	250	225	0	25	10	15
Guatemalan	420	365	15	30	0	30
Guyanese	1,930	1,870	60	10	0	60
Hispanic	330	280	20	25	0	35
Honduran	285	265	15	10	0	20
Maya	315	270	0	30	10	20
Mexican	2,830	2,250	210	330	45	370
Nicaraguan	1,050	875	65	100	10	110
Panamanian	110	85	10	15	0	15
Paraguayan	30	35	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	1,280	1,075	50	110	45	105
Salvadorean	2,165	1,830	100	170	65	185
Uruguayan	95	90	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	905	745	55	80	30	90
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	1,205	1,095	30	35	45	45
African origins	55,580	34,740	15,555	4,285	995	17,700
Central and West African origins	11,865	5,275	6,020	515	50	6,275
Akan	110	80	20	0	0	25
Angolan	190	145	30	15	0	40
Ashanti	15	15	0	0	0	0
Beninese	115	20	90	0	0	90
Burkinabe	275	15	260	0	0	255
Cameroonian	1,275	410	805	60	0	835
Chadian	140	35	65	35	10	85
Congolese	3,890	580	3,035	250	25	3,155
Edo	45	40	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	110	10	85	20	0	95
Gambian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,360	1,295	45	15	0	55
Guinean	260	35	225	0	0	230
Ibo	110	110	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	505	55	435	10	0	440
Liberian	90	90	10	0	0	10
Malian	160	20	130	10	0	135
Malinké	75	0	75	0	0	70
Nigerian	2,020	1,890	100	30	0	115
Peulh	65	0	70	0	0	70
Senegalese	355	45	310	0	0	310
Sierra Leonean	95	95	10	0	0	10
Togolese	310	50	240	20	0	250
Wolof	35	10	25	0	0	25
Yoruba	345	320	20	0	0	20
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	885	230	580	60	10	610
North African origins	12,855	8,120	2,720	1,745	270	3,590
Algerian	1,305	405	590	295	15	740
Berber	890	195	380	315	10	535
Coptic	120	100	15	10	0	20
Dinka	45	50	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	5,825	4,575	585	520	150	845
Libyan	1,215	1,115	0	75	30	35
Maure	40	20	20	0	0	20
Moroccan	2,145	840	895	385	25	1,090
Sudanese	845	795	10	25	15	20
Tunisian	640	215	260	155	10	340
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	455	230	115	80	30	160
Southern and East African origins	22,905	16,055	4,440	1,755	650	5,320
Afrikaner	50	50	0	0	0	0
Amhara	70	70	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	370	120	225	20	10	235
Burundian	1,860	300	1,335	175	50	1,420
Djiboutian	730	175	435	90	35	475
Eritrean	1,350	1,225	10	45	75	25
Ethiopian	2,850	2,460	175	160	60	255
Harari	10	10	0	0	10	0
Kenyan	600	585	10	15	0	10
Malagasy	215	65	120	25	0	140
Mauritian	345	175	120	55	0	145
Oromo	285	235	30	20	0	35
Rwandan	1,300	345	690	255	15	815
Seychellois	30	30	0	0	0	0
Somali	10,380	7,770	1,330	875	400	1,770
South African	1,090	1,040	30	15	0	40
Tanzanian	285	270	0	10	0	10
Tigrian	180	155	0	20	0	10
Ugandan	400	375	20	0	0	20
Zambian	145	135	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	315	305	0	0	0	10
Zulu	45	45	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	1,275	855	265	135	15	335
Other African origins	9,265	6,060	2,780	380	45	2,965
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	1,160	790	335	35	0	350
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	8,285	5,365	2,530	345	45	2,705
Asian origins	179,740	154,430	6,370	8,790	10,145	10,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	64,390	51,100	4,085	5,445	3,760	6,805
Afghan	3,950	3,410	10	200	325	115
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	7,275	5,205	640	565	870	920
Armenian	1,470	965	295	185	25	390
Assyrian	130	110	15	0	10	15
Azerbaijani	215	190	0	15	10	10
Georgian	165	160	0	0	0	0
Hazara	50	40	0	0	10	0
Iranian	6,845	6,030	160	400	255	360
Iraqi	4,690	3,930	60	275	425	205
Israeli	710	640	70	0	0	70
Jordanian	1,480	1,310	0	145	20	75
Kazakh	150	150	10	0	0	10
Kurd	805	720	10	20	60	15
Kuwaiti	965	880	0	20	60	15
Kyrgyz	35	30	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	25,970	19,635	2,555	3,005	775	4,055
Palestinian	3,995	3,555	100	225	110	210
Pashtun	225	195	0	0	30	0
Saudi Arabian	575	555	0	0	20	10
Syrian	4,505	3,095	295	345	770	465
Tajik	100	50	0	45	10	25
Tatar	145	115	10	20	10	15
Turk	2,890	2,505	145	175	65	230
Turkmen	105	80	0	15	0	10
Uighur	50	50	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	165	135	0	20	15	10
Yemeni	1,000	755	125	75	45	160
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	2,085	1,785	65	140	90	130
South Asian origins	40,725	38,000	530	1,145	1,050	1,100
Bangladeshi	2,275	2,110	10	90	65	55
Bengali	1,035	935	10	65	25	45
Bhutanese	310	225	0	10	80	0
East Indian	27,665	26,030	440	650	545	765
Goan	125	125	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	185	175	0	10	10	0
Kashmiri	50	50	0	0	0	0
Nepali	890	740	0	45	100	25
Pakistani	4,450	4,155	55	140	95	125
Punjabi	1,095	1,000	0	55	40	30
Sinhalese	295	275	0	10	10	0
Sri Lankan	2,665	2,485	15	75	85	55
Tamil	940	855	0	55	35	30
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	2,210	2,090	10	45	70	30
East and Southeast Asian origins	76,425	67,000	1,825	2,255	5,345	2,950
Burmese	590	530	0	10	40	15
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,330	1,965	110	60	190	145
Chinese	46,315	39,505	1,010	1,370	4,435	1,695
Filipino	13,215	13,005	70	70	65	105
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	585	565	0	20	0	15
Japanese	3,105	2,845	130	85	35	180
Karen	280	250	0	0	35	0
Korean	3,175	2,925	60	105	90	110
Laotian	670	590	20	35	30	40
Malaysian	470	445	25	0	0	30
Mongolian	270	255	10	10	0	15
Singaporean	45	45	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	715	590	35	55	30	65
Thai	635	600	15	10	10	20
Tibetan	90	90	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,800	7,115	520	565	595	805
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	255	245	10	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	345	300	15	15	15	20
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	345	305	10	15	15	20
Oceania origins	1,925	1,790	125	0	0	130
Australian	1,265	1,190	70	0	0	75
New Zealander	465	420	50	0	0	45
Pacific Islands origins	230	205	15	0	0	20
Fijian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maori	20	20	0	0	0	0
Samoan	35	30	0	10	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	80	65	15	0	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	40	35	10	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	761,420	618,165	117,250	15,500	10,505	125,000
No certificate, diploma or degree	93,225	69,635	15,595	1,905	6,085	16,555
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	183,110	150,095	27,895	3,070	2,050	29,430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	485,085	398,445	73,755	10,515	2,365	79,015
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	31,325	24,210	6,195	675	240	6,530
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	17,275	13,120	3,580	425	150	3,790
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	14,055	11,090	2,620	255	95	2,745
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	152,100	123,705	25,355	2,365	685	26,540
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,955	11,075	3,180	460	235	3,410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	286,700	239,460	39,020	7,015	1,205	42,530
Bachelor's degree	175,940	147,915	23,675	3,460	890	25,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,030	12,640	2,765	555	75	3,040
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,745	5,635	805	250	60	930
Master's degree	72,470	60,340	9,995	1,990	150	10,985
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	15,515	12,935	1,780	765	35	2,165
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	761,420	618,170	117,250	15,500	10,505	125,000
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	276,335	219,730	43,495	4,980	8,135	45,985
Education	26,615	20,310	5,625	495	180	5,870
13. Education	26,620	20,310	5,625	500	185	5,875
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	17,295	14,675	2,245	310	70	2,400
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,570	3,015	490	55	10	520
50. Visual and performing arts	13,725	11,660	1,755	245	60	1,880
Humanities	33,380	27,385	5,165	695	135	5,510
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,225	3,540	1,375	265	45	1,510
23. English language and literature/letters	8,905	8,330	465	90	25	505
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,170	4,915	1,115	95	50	1,160
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	325	285	40	0	0	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,380	1,970	360	35	10	375
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,760	1,485	215	55	0	245
54. History	6,515	5,775	705	30	10	720
55. French language and literature/letters	2,105	1,080	895	125	0	955
Social and behavioural sciences and law	87,805	73,125	12,780	1,705	195	13,630
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,395	1,230	145	20	0	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,210	7,535	1,500	165	15	1,585
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,930	7,340	1,415	135	40	1,480
22. Legal professions and studies	13,860	11,125	2,460	245	30	2,580
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	1,770	1,430	310	30	0	325
42. Psychology	13,205	11,190	1,835	165	15	1,920
45. Social sciences	39,425	33,275	5,120	940	95	5,585
Business, management and public administration	94,580	75,600	16,480	2,205	295	17,585
30.16 Accounting and computer science	170	120	45	15	0	45
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,805	7,865	1,740	205	0	1,835
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	84,605	67,620	14,705	1,985	295	15,700
Physical and life sciences and technologies	26,185	22,535	2,760	660	235	3,085
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	12,925	11,190	1,345	375	20	1,530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,795	3,295	405	60	30	435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	280	205	70	0	0	75
40. Physical sciences	8,435	7,250	820	210	155	925
41. Science technologies/technicians	750	595	120	15	20	125
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	34,210	29,030	4,100	970	105	4,590
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25,665	21,745	3,165	725	40	3,525
25. Library science	2,615	2,190	365	55	10	390
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,895	4,220	450	160	60	530
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	1,030	865	130	35	0	145
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	77,655	65,740	9,405	1,735	780	10,275
04. Architecture and related services	4,440	3,800	495	120	20	555
14. Engineering	35,325	30,670	2,940	1,205	500	3,550
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	16,760	14,045	2,365	215	135	2,470
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	35	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,345	6,610	1,595	90	50	1,640
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,425	7,860	1,455	75	40	1,490
48. Precision production	3,335	2,715	555	30	35	565
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,685	5,645	880	135	25	945
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,650	3,050	515	65	20	545
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,035	2,595	365	75	0	400
Health and related fields	59,740	47,670	10,520	1,290	260	11,165
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,845	4,945	850	35	15	865
51. Health professions and related programs	51,705	40,865	9,420	1,175	245	10,005
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,190	1,855	255	80	0	295
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,850	16,680	3,775	320	80	3,935
12. Personal and culinary services	11,265	9,140	1,860	205	65	1,960
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	755	580	170	0	0	170
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	435	350	80	0	0	80
43. Security and protective services	6,185	4,835	1,270	85	0	1,310
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,210	1,780	395	25	10	410
Other	70	55	15	0	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	75	50	15	0	0	15
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	761,420	618,170	117,250	15,495	10,505	124,995
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	276,340	219,725	43,490	4,980	8,135	45,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	485,085	398,440	73,755	10,520	2,370	79,015
Location of study inside Canada	407,230	332,270	67,830	7,005	125	71,335
Same as province or territory of residence	331,700	275,920	50,365	5,300	115	53,020
Different than province or territory of residence	75,525	56,355	17,465	1,700	10	18,320
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	77,850	66,170	5,925	3,510	2,245	7,680
United States^Footnote 130	11,605	10,485	880	230	0	995
Philippines	4,420	4,405	10	10	0	10
India	5,515	5,415	20	30	50	35
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	9,650	9,200	365	90	0	405
China^Footnote 132	6,240	4,895	35	20	1,280	45
France	2,075	350	1,500	225	0	1,610
Other	38,350	31,420	3,125	2,905	895	4,580
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	761,420	618,170	117,245	15,495	10,505	not applicable ...
In the labour force	513,660	424,420	76,435	11,175	1,630	not applicable ...
Employed	476,540	393,760	71,315	10,015	1,450	not applicable ...
Unemployed	37,120	30,655	5,120	1,160	180	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	247,760	193,750	40,815	4,325	8,870	not applicable ...
Participation rate	67.5	68.7	65.2	72.1	15.5	not applicable ...
Employment rate	62.6	63.7	60.8	64.6	13.8	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.2	7.2	6.7	10.4	11.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	761,420	618,170	117,250	15,495	10,505	125,000
Did not work^Footnote 135	235,430	183,275	39,005	4,370	8,790	41,190
Worked	525,985	434,895	78,250	11,130	1,710	83,810
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	286,235	236,655	43,655	5,320	605	46,315
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	239,750	198,245	34,595	5,805	1,110	37,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.3	43.7	41.0	37.3	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	540,930	447,130	80,310	11,620	1,860	86,125
a.Management	63,100	52,865	9,095	985	145	9,590
00 Senior management occupations	8,165	6,740	1,295	125	10	1,355
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	30,165	24,455	5,150	530	30	5,410
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	16,915	15,020	1,560	275	70	1,695
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	7,850	6,650	1,100	60	40	1,130
b.Professional	160,930	132,685	24,135	4,025	80	26,150
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	26,410	21,530	4,325	545	15	4,595
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	46,540	40,425	4,790	1,305	20	5,435
30 Professional occupations in nursing	8,360	6,655	1,570	125	10	1,635
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	9,725	7,895	1,555	280	0	1,700
40 Professional occupations in education services	26,045	20,225	4,975	830	20	5,385
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	34,750	28,630	5,400	710	10	5,755
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	9,105	7,325	1,525	235	20	1,640
c.Technical and paraprofessional	58,700	48,630	8,890	1,135	45	9,455
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	17,895	15,145	2,375	350	10	2,555
32 Technical occupations in health	9,010	7,525	1,345	135	10	1,415
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	11,780	9,370	2,050	340	20	2,220
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	6,240	4,975	1,240	20	0	1,255
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	13,775	11,605	1,870	280	10	2,015
d.Administration and administrative support	72,090	57,015	13,425	1,575	75	14,215
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	37,045	28,640	7,590	800	15	7,990
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	4,830	4,010	705	110	0	765
14 Office support occupations	23,445	18,785	4,060	565	40	4,340
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	6,770	5,575	1,065	105	20	1,120
e.Sales	49,650	43,050	5,495	1,040	60	6,015
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	10,900	9,385	1,300	200	15	1,395
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	22,360	19,640	2,315	380	20	2,510
66 Sales support occupations	16,385	14,025	1,875	465	25	2,105
f.Personal and customer information services	86,390	70,705	12,305	2,145	1,230	13,380
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	7,600	5,805	1,490	300	10	1,640
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	9,705	8,045	1,305	235	115	1,420
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	15,430	13,015	1,675	315	420	1,835
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	26,345	21,455	4,085	680	120	4,430
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	27,310	22,385	3,750	615	560	4,055
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	19,690	16,395	3,015	205	75	3,120
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	12,720	10,390	2,120	145	60	2,195
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	6,970	6,005	900	55	15	925
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	19,860	16,685	2,685	405	80	2,895
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	3,930	3,430	465	30	0	485
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	11,805	9,765	1,685	320	45	1,845
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	4,125	3,490	535	60	35	570
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,155	4,485	625	10	30	635
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,010	860	145	10	0	145
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	845	710	120	0	10	120
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	3,300	2,915	355	10	15	360
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,370	4,620	640	85	35	675
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	815	715	95	10	0	95
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	1,540	1,300	205	15	15	215
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,600	1,415	145	45	0	165
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,415	1,185	195	20	20	200
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	540,925	447,130	80,315	11,620	1,860	86,125
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,510	2,120	325	10	55	325
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	2,080	1,765	265	10	50	265
113 Forestry and logging	70	55	15	0	0	15
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	30	20	0	0	10	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	325	285	45	0	0	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	545	450	100	0	0	100
211 Oil and gas extraction	140	105	30	0	0	30
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	175	135	40	0	0	40
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	235	205	30	0	0	25
22 Utilities	1,375	1,200	150	20	10	160
221 Utilities	1,370	1,195	150	20	10	160
23 Construction	24,950	20,810	3,760	265	105	3,890
236 Construction of buildings	7,775	6,550	1,100	85	50	1,140
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	2,005	1,740	235	30	10	250
238 Specialty trade contractors	15,170	12,525	2,425	150	55	2,505
31-33 Manufacturing	16,595	14,465	1,785	285	65	1,930
311 Food manufacturing	1,435	1,170	190	40	25	215
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	395	335	60	0	0	55
313 Textile mills	105	95	15	0	0	10
314 Textile product mills	110	90	15	0	0	20
315 Clothing manufacturing	170	150	20	0	10	20
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	295	230	55	10	0	60
322 Paper manufacturing	155	100	50	0	0	50
323 Printing and related support activities	1,900	1,685	170	40	0	195
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	40	35	10	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	600	500	80	15	0	90
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	210	170	45	0	0	45
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	510	405	95	0	0	95
331 Primary metal manufacturing	135	105	25	0	0	30
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,030	845	165	15	10	170
333 Machinery manufacturing	815	705	95	15	0	105
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	4,500	4,160	285	50	10	305
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	605	545	40	20	0	50
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,265	1,145	95	25	0	110
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	590	495	95	0	0	95
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,715	1,485	185	40	0	205
41 Wholesale trade	12,500	10,750	1,525	200	30	1,620
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	35	30	0	10	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	130	110	20	10	0	20
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,325	1,090	210	10	10	215
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,105	935	140	30	10	155
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	595	475	110	15	0	120
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,405	1,120	275	0	0	280
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	6,485	5,810	565	100	10	615
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	925	755	145	10	0	150
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	500	430	60	10	0	65
44-45 Retail trade	57,535	50,285	6,070	1,035	145	6,590
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	5,095	4,335	725	35	0	740
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	2,150	1,860	245	40	0	265
443 Electronics and appliance stores	2,050	1,865	140	50	0	165
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,470	3,090	350	30	10	365
445 Food and beverage stores	14,105	12,380	1,380	260	85	1,510
446 Health and personal care stores	5,590	4,770	655	155	10	735
447 Gasoline stations	1,135	1,000	95	30	0	115
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	7,420	6,425	785	185	20	875
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	3,055	2,755	265	35	0	280
452 General merchandise stores	8,075	7,095	820	145	10	895
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	3,625	3,155	415	50	0	435
454 Non-store retailers	1,770	1,555	195	20	0	205
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15,365	12,535	2,360	425	40	2,570
481 Air transportation	1,165	1,015	150	0	0	150
482 Rail transportation	85	60	20	0	0	20
483 Water transportation	65	45	15	10	0	15
484 Truck transportation	1,825	1,520	260	35	0	285
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	4,295	3,465	605	190	25	700
486 Pipeline transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	70	70	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	2,775	2,300	390	85	0	435
491 Postal service	2,965	2,305	595	65	10	625
492 Couriers and messengers	1,475	1,205	240	30	0	250
493 Warehousing and storage	645	545	85	15	0	95
51 Information and cultural industries	14,845	12,820	1,680	335	0	1,855
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	3,300	2,990	270	50	0	290
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,730	1,495	210	25	0	225
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,075	880	155	45	0	175
517 Telecommunications	5,440	4,680	620	135	0	685
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	940	860	50	30	0	65
519 Other information services	2,355	1,910	385	60	0	410
52 Finance and insurance	17,420	14,610	2,425	360	20	2,610
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	1,105	845	215	50	0	240
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	8,705	7,315	1,190	180	15	1,285
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,915	2,580	285	45	10	305
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	4,625	3,810	730	85	0	770
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	70	65	10	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	9,740	8,550	1,050	125	10	1,120
531 Real estate	8,720	7,655	940	115	10	1,000
532 Rental and leasing services	825	720	100	10	0	105
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	195	175	15	10	0	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	55,700	48,900	5,755	975	75	6,245
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	55,700	48,895	5,755	980	70	6,245
55 Management of companies and enterprises	415	340	75	0	0	75
551 Management of companies and enterprises	415	340	75	0	0	75
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	24,090	19,360	3,950	555	230	4,225
561 Administrative and support services	23,455	18,810	3,870	545	230	4,145
562 Waste management and remediation services	635	550	75	10	0	85
61 Educational services	45,730	35,645	8,720	1,320	40	9,385
611 Educational services	45,730	35,645	8,725	1,320	40	9,385
62 Health care and social assistance	58,230	46,900	9,770	1,410	140	10,475
621 Ambulatory health care services	19,150	15,890	2,800	430	20	3,020
622 Hospitals	17,645	13,875	3,390	385	0	3,580
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	9,220	7,350	1,610	220	35	1,720
624 Social assistance	12,215	9,785	1,970	375	85	2,155
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,950	10,190	1,525	220	15	1,635
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	4,260	3,690	450	95	15	500
712 Heritage institutions	1,195	900	270	30	0	285
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	6,495	5,600	800	90	0	850
72 Accommodation and food services	37,405	32,165	3,660	895	680	4,110
721 Accommodation services	4,035	3,395	440	135	70	505
722 Food services and drinking places	33,365	28,775	3,220	765	605	3,600
81 Other services (except public administration)	22,855	19,020	3,220	455	170	3,440
811 Repair and maintenance	3,855	3,310	465	60	25	490
812 Personal and laundry services	6,960	5,920	800	150	95	870
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	10,090	8,045	1,810	225	10	1,925
814 Private households	1,950	1,745	145	25	40	160
91 Public administration	111,165	86,010	22,400	2,725	30	23,760
911 Federal government public administration	94,520	72,215	19,845	2,440	15	21,065
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	2,415	1,860	500	50	0	530
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	13,125	11,015	1,940	175	0	2,025
914 Aboriginal public administration	125	110	10	0	0	15
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	980	805	105	50	15	130
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	476,540	393,765	71,315	10,015	1,450	76,325
Worked at home	34,570	29,565	4,360	520	120	4,620
Worked outside Canada	2,125	1,785	190	110	45	245
No fixed workplace address	39,375	32,750	5,625	855	140	6,055
Worked at usual place	400,475	329,660	61,135	8,535	1,145	65,405
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	540,925	447,130	80,315	11,625	1,860	86,125
English	485,325	429,485	48,305	6,835	705	51,725
French	25,220	4,110	20,100	995	15	20,600
Non-official language	3,460	2,165	85	165	1,040	170
Aboriginal	35	25	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,425	2,135	85	165	1,040	165
English and French	22,895	8,145	11,520	3,225	10	13,130
English and non-official language	3,260	2,960	20	180	100	110
French and non-official language	70	0	50	10	0	55
English, French and non-official language	700	265	230	205	0	335
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	540,930	447,130	80,315	11,620	1,860	86,125
None	409,330	371,195	29,680	6,935	1,515	33,150
English	18,690	4,580	13,290	675	150	13,630
French	102,315	62,310	36,780	3,210	10	38,385
Non-official language	9,090	8,065	325	515	190	580
Aboriginal	125	130	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	8,965	7,945	320	515	185	580
English and French	120	45	15	60	0	45
English and non-official language	140	50	55	35	0	75
French and non-official language	1,230	880	170	185	0	260
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	400,475	329,660	61,140	8,535	1,145	65,405
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	370,510	307,330	54,485	7,640	1,060	58,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,795	7,295	1,355	105	35	1,410
Commute to a different province or territory	21,175	15,035	5,295	785	55	5,690
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	439,845	362,410	66,760	9,390	1,285	71,455
Car, truck, van - as a driver	275,620	228,295	41,290	5,340	695	43,960
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,245	21,195	3,340	570	140	3,625
Public transit	90,690	72,550	15,205	2,605	330	16,505
Walked	32,450	27,145	4,650	585	80	4,945
Bicycle	11,460	9,670	1,560	220	10	1,670
Other method	4,380	3,560	710	75	35	750
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	439,845	362,410	66,765	9,390	1,285	71,455
Less than 15 minutes	87,280	72,980	12,430	1,630	240	13,245
15 to 29 minutes	167,425	139,595	23,995	3,380	460	25,680
30 to 44 minutes	108,735	88,465	17,460	2,485	330	18,700
45 to 59 minutes	44,635	35,890	7,570	1,050	125	8,095
60 minutes and over	31,770	25,475	5,310	850	130	5,735
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	439,850	362,410	66,760	9,390	1,285	71,455
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	18,970	15,230	3,340	335	65	3,505
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	75,715	60,480	13,980	1,140	110	14,550
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	128,840	103,810	22,135	2,705	185	23,490
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	108,525	91,265	14,260	2,830	175	15,675
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	51,015	43,870	5,605	1,080	460	6,145
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	56,775	47,755	7,440	1,295	285	8,090
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	907,585	736,850	136,995	20,950	12,785	147,475
Non-movers	784,725	636,720	120,205	18,120	9,675	129,265
Movers	122,860	100,130	16,795	2,830	3,110	18,210
Non-migrants	85,915	71,425	11,485	1,965	1,045	12,470
Migrants	36,945	28,705	5,305	865	2,065	5,740
Internal migrants	24,555	19,860	4,020	500	170	4,270
Intraprovincial migrants	13,880	11,910	1,720	160	95	1,800
Interprovincial migrants	10,670	7,950	2,295	345	80	2,470
External migrants	12,390	8,840	1,285	360	1,895	1,470
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	868,130	704,770	132,140	20,055	11,160	142,170
Non-movers	524,035	425,540	81,270	11,505	5,720	87,020
Movers	344,100	279,230	50,875	8,550	5,445	55,150
Non-migrants	228,065	187,705	33,230	5,165	1,965	35,810
Migrants	116,035	91,530	17,645	3,385	3,475	19,335
Internal migrants	74,765	59,805	12,890	1,690	385	13,740
Intraprovincial migrants	42,440	36,405	5,380	465	195	5,610
Interprovincial migrants	32,325	23,400	7,515	1,225	185	8,130
External migrants	41,270	31,725	4,750	1,695	3,095	5,600

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Ottawa

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.