Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Ajax, T

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	119,175	86,655	1,565	550
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	119,180	86,660	1,565	550
0 to 14 years	23,635	19,670	210	230
0 to 4 years	7,050	5,780	55	35
5 to 9 years	8,280	6,880	65	105
10 to 14 years	8,310	7,010	90	90
15 to 64 years	82,775	58,485	1,195	295
15 to 19 years	8,555	7,120	85	60
20 to 24 years	8,460	6,920	115	35
25 to 29 years	7,285	5,320	75	40
30 to 34 years	7,790	5,270	90	15
35 to 39 years	8,465	5,375	120	45
40 to 44 years	8,560	5,395	135	25
45 to 49 years	8,910	5,790	135	40
50 to 54 years	9,925	6,865	195	15
55 to 59 years	8,625	6,035	160	20
60 to 64 years	6,200	4,395	95	10
65 years and over	12,765	8,505	165	25
65 to 69 years	4,915	3,390	50	10
70 to 74 years	3,185	2,140	20	0
75 to 79 years	2,145	1,315	30	0
80 to 84 years	1,475	950	35	10
85 years and over	1,045	700	25	10
85 to 89 years	710	485	15	0
90 to 94 years	270	175	0	0
95 to 99 years	60	45	0	0
100 years and over	10	0	0	0
Average age	37.1	35.4	41.5	25.9
Median age	37.2	34.0	43.5	18.7
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	95,540	66,990	1,355	325
Married or living common law	55,905	35,095	855	165
Married	50,365	30,550	740	140
Living common law	5,545	4,550	120	20
Not married and not living common law	39,635	31,895	500	160
Never married	28,690	23,885	330	125
Separated	2,635	2,010	30	10
Divorced	4,645	3,710	75	15
Widowed	3,660	2,285	65	10
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	95,540	66,990	1,355	325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	89,590	62,435	1,300	290
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,180	49,283	54,302	49,817
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,305	39,440	44,568	36,463
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	89,610	62,445	1,295	285
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,008	40,490	42,119	41,269
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,017	35,415	38,883	35,099
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,715	57,595	1,185	270
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,558	48,915	53,969	47,686
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,372	38,082	43,200	33,064
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,665	42,820	845	210
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,194	6,061	7,501	6,262
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,427	2,172	3,716	1,922
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,065	50,680	1,020	235
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,437	49,348	57,221	50,045
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,098	40,292	47,587	38,488
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	90.8	91.6	90.9	90.7
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	81.4	81.3	83.0	81.4
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	9.2	8.4	9.0	9.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	95,545	66,990	1,355	325
Without total income	5,950	4,555	60	35
With total income	89,590	62,430	1,295	285
Percentage with total income	93.8	93.2	95.6	87.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,090	10,160	220	45
$10,000 to $19,999	14,045	9,105	130	40
$20,000 to $29,999	10,280	6,595	140	30
$30,000 to $39,999	8,340	5,660	95	35
$40,000 to $49,999	8,690	6,320	145	35
$50,000 to $59,999	7,590	5,570	140	10
$60,000 to $69,999	5,935	4,415	80	15
$70,000 to $79,999	4,855	3,480	60	20
$80,000 to $89,999	3,690	2,810	50	0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,040	2,280	75	10
$100,000 and over	8,035	6,030	160	45
$100,000 to $149,999	5,980	4,480	95	40
$150,000 and over	2,060	1,545	65	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	95,540	66,990	1,355	320
Without after-tax income	5,930	4,545	60	40
With after-tax income	89,610	62,450	1,295	285
Percentage with after-tax income	93.8	93.2	95.6	89.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,320	10,335	225	50
$10,000 to $19,999	14,740	9,605	145	40
$20,000 to $29,999	11,830	7,675	160	45
$30,000 to $39,999	10,385	7,285	140	40
$40,000 to $49,999	10,745	7,865	180	15
$50,000 to $59,999	8,015	5,830	105	30
$60,000 to $69,999	6,110	4,515	95	15
$70,000 to $79,999	4,485	3,360	95	20
$80,000 and over	7,975	5,975	150	30
$80,000 to $89,999	2,980	2,240	30	10
$90,000 to $99,999	1,770	1,310	45	10
$100,000 and over	3,225	2,425	80	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	95,540	66,990	1,355	325
Without employment income	24,470	16,310	330	85
With employment income	71,070	50,680	1,020	235
Percentage with employment income	74.4	75.7	75.3	72.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,460	6,215	115	25
$5,000 to $9,999	5,670	4,135	85	20
$10,000 to $19,999	8,840	6,030	100	20
$20,000 to $29,999	6,805	4,415	50	40
$30,000 to $39,999	6,365	4,395	90	15
$40,000 to $49,999	6,625	4,785	100	20
$50,000 to $59,999	6,060	4,305	100	0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,070	3,720	65	25
$70,000 to $79,999	4,200	3,020	55	10
$80,000 and over	12,970	9,665	275	50
$80,000 to $89,999	3,230	2,410	50	0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,825	2,080	70	15
$100,000 and over	6,915	5,175	150	40
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	95,540	66,990	1,355	320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	36,120	25,845	530	100
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	58,649	59,943	68,460	72,270
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	67,529	69,269	77,508	81,928
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	119,175	86,660	1,565	555
English only	108,205	80,750	85	125
French only	75	0	45	0
English and French	9,095	5,855	1,435	430
Neither English nor French	1,800	50	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	119,175	86,660	1,565	555
English	93,860	82,535	710	315
French	720	60	560	10
Non-official language	14,950	745	45	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	14,945	745	50	10
English and French	415	120	160	125
English and non-official language	8,935	3,080	15	45
French and non-official language	55	0	40	0
English, French and non-official language	245	115	40	50
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	119,180	86,660	1,565	555
None	100,735	82,500	800	405
English	7,335	475	320	15
French	1,390	905	310	90
Non-official language	9,380	2,675	105	40
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	9,375	2,675	105	40
English and French	65	0	15	0
English and non-official language	115	10	10	0
French and non-official language	155	85	10	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	119,180	86,660	1,565	555
English	115,215	86,655	85	365
French	1,620	0	1,480	10
English and French	590	0	0	175
Neither English nor French	1,750	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	1,915	0	1,480	100
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	1.6	0.0	94.6	18.0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	119,180	86,660	1,565	550
Official languages	117,375	86,610	1,565	555
English	117,300	86,605	1,520	555
French	9,175	5,860	1,480	425
Non-official languages	39,600	9,540	425	195
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	39,595	9,535	420	190
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	119,180	86,660	1,570	555
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	1,190	1,140	45	0
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	1,080	1,035	40	0
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	585	565	10	0
Métis	455	430	25	0
Inuk (Inuit)	45	40	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	60	55	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	50	55	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	117,985	85,520	1,525	550
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	119,180	86,660	1,565	550
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	340	320	10	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	118,835	86,340	1,555	545
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	119,175	86,660	1,565	555
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	135	125	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	130	125	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	75	70	10	0
Métis single ancestry	50	50	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	1,865	1,770	75	25
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	1,850	1,760	70	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,385	1,310	50	20
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	420	410	10	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	35	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	20	10	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	117,175	84,765	1,480	530
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	119,180	86,660	1,565	550
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	112,320	83,955	1,510	535
Canadian citizens only	105,040	81,095	1,350	505
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	7,280	2,855	155	30
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	6,860	2,710	55	20
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	119,180	86,660	1,565	550
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	72,305	65,050	1,100	455
Immigrants^Footnote 44	46,340	21,390	460	100
Before 1981	11,240	7,750	40	15
1981 to 1990	7,520	3,900	50	10
1991 to 2000	12,255	4,930	125	25
2001 to 2010	11,730	3,700	200	45
2001 to 2005	6,805	2,015	125	15
2006 to 2010	4,930	1,685	75	30
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	3,585	1,110	40	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	530	220	0	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	46,340	21,385	465	95
Under 5 years	4,350	2,715	25	40
5 to 14 years	9,090	4,770	100	20
15 to 24 years	10,975	5,410	95	20
25 to 44 years	18,180	7,265	245	15
45 years and over	3,745	1,230	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	46,335	21,390	465	95
Americas	14,085	12,750	65	40
Brazil	85	10	0	0
Colombia	145	10	0	0
El Salvador	140	15	0	0
Guyana	3,205	3,200	0	0
Haiti	55	0	50	0
Jamaica	5,095	5,060	0	15
Mexico	90	0	0	0
Peru	110	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	2,230	2,220	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	755	640	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	2,160	1,590	10	15
Europe	6,875	3,420	80	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0
Croatia	65	10	0	0
France	85	20	50	0
Germany	435	80	0	0
Greece	300	35	0	0
Hungary	90	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	130	130	0	0
Italy	505	80	0	0
Netherlands	140	20	0	0
Poland	375	20	0	0
Portugal	425	20	0	0
Romania	340	15	0	0
Russian Federation	95	20	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	50	0	0	0
Ukraine	100	15	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	2,905	2,815	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	835	140	25	0
Africa	2,745	1,000	270	10
Algeria	10	0	10	0
Egypt	450	50	10	0
Ethiopia	165	25	0	0
Kenya	200	125	0	0
Morocco	40	0	10	0
Nigeria	360	270	10	0
Somalia	90	15	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	155	140	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,285	375	235	10
Asia	22,495	4,125	45	40
Afghanistan	1,670	90	0	0
Bangladesh	660	105	0	0
China^Footnote 53	1,185	55	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	400	40	0	0
India	4,090	1,090	0	10
Iran^Footnote 55	255	20	0	0
Iraq	185	20	0	0
Japan	30	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	95	15	0	0
Lebanon	380	40	25	10
Pakistan	3,570	695	0	0
Philippines	3,840	780	0	10
Sri Lanka	4,395	720	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	85	10	0	0
Taiwan	80	10	0	0
Viet Nam	340	40	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,235	390	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	140	95	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	3,585	1,110	40	0
Americas	675	505	0	0
Brazil	30	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	230	230	0	0
Mexico	15	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	90	70	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	290	205	0	0
Europe	235	100	10	0
France	10	0	10	0
Germany	10	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	10	10	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	15	0	0	0
Romania	30	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	50	45	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	100	35	0	0
Africa	245	75	20	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	35	0	0	0
Eritrea	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	55	45	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	25	0	0
Asia	2,430	430	10	0
Afghanistan	145	0	0	0
Bangladesh	75	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	140	10	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0
India	590	165	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	35	10	0	0
Iraq	25	0	0	0
Israel	15	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	35	0	10	0
Nepal	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	505	60	0	0
Philippines	475	100	0	0
Saudi Arabia	20	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	190	25	10	0
Syria^Footnote 69	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	35	15	0	0
Viet Nam	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	40	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	10	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	10	10	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	119,180	86,660	1,565	555
First generation^Footnote 73	47,260	21,945	465	105
Second generation^Footnote 74	38,600	32,400	305	305
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	33,315	32,315	795	150
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	35,710	14,065	420	85
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	14,585	5,700	175	55
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	5,760	2,095	75	10
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	8,830	3,605	100	50
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	14,640	7,095	110	10
Refugees^Footnote 81	6,065	1,085	145	15
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	420	185	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	119,175	86,660	1,565	550
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	67,535	41,650	635	340
South Asian^Footnote 85	24,895	11,730	55	45
Chinese	3,400	1,205	10	0
Black	19,860	18,370	470	195
Filipino	5,690	2,555	0	30
Latin American	1,665	650	0	0
Arab	1,980	585	75	10
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	670	245	10	10
West Asian^Footnote 87	2,900	505	0	10
Korean	175	80	0	0
Japanese	210	160	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	3,180	3,085	15	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	2,910	2,485	0	25
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	51,640	45,010	925	215
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	119,175	86,660	1,565	550
North American Aboriginal origins	2,000	1,895	85	20
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,490	1,400	70	25
Inuit	45	40	0	0
Métis	495	470	20	0
Other North American origins	21,855	20,670	555	135
Acadian	65	45	25	0
American	895	870	0	0
Canadian	21,080	19,955	510	125
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	145	140	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0
Québécois	25	0	15	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0
European origins	52,865	45,795	760	265
British Isles origins	35,195	34,695	210	120
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	20,180	19,950	80	80
Irish	14,105	13,920	110	35
Manx	30	25	0	0
Scottish	15,205	15,050	55	50
Welsh	1,325	1,315	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	2,565	2,500	20	10
French origins	6,155	5,220	645	160
Alsatian	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	6,155	5,225	645	155
Western European origins (except French origins)	8,440	7,430	70	15
Austrian	480	395	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	175	135	25	0
Dutch	2,530	2,305	15	0
Flemish	25	25	0	0
Frisian	10	10	0	0
German	5,560	4,850	35	15
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	185	165	10	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,405	1,270	15	0
Danish	415	375	0	0
Finnish	390	340	15	0
Icelandic	95	85	0	0
Norwegian	270	240	0	0
Swedish	285	275	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	55	55	0	0
Eastern European origins	6,495	4,970	40	25
Bulgarian	55	15	0	0
Byelorussian	25	0	0	0
Czech	230	180	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	55	45	0	0
Estonian	140	120	0	0
Hungarian	855	615	0	10
Latvian	140	110	0	0
Lithuanian	90	75	0	0
Moldovan	35	30	0	0
Polish	2,470	1,955	25	10
Romanian	520	210	0	0
Russian	735	545	20	0
Slovak	170	110	0	10
Ukrainian	1,920	1,685	10	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	40	30	0	0
Southern European origins	13,960	10,135	65	75
Albanian	105	65	0	0
Bosnian	20	20	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	210	145	0	0
Cypriot	60	20	0	0
Greek	1,735	1,155	10	0
Italian	5,395	4,205	40	40
Kosovar	45	30	0	0
Macedonian	950	525	0	0
Maltese	405	370	10	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	3,590	2,830	20	10
Serbian	200	115	0	0
Sicilian	70	65	0	0
Slovenian	105	90	0	0
Spanish	2,450	1,515	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	130	120	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	460	405	10	0
Basque	0	0	0	0
Jewish	305	270	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	155	140	10	0
Caribbean origins	18,530	18,190	115	105
Antiguan	255	255	0	0
Bahamian	65	65	0	0
Barbadian	1,210	1,200	0	10
Bermudan	50	40	0	10
Carib	80	85	0	0
Cuban	150	95	0	0
Dominican	255	235	0	15
Grenadian	725	725	0	0
Guadeloupean	35	25	0	15
Haitian	200	75	100	20
Jamaican	10,920	10,850	15	25
Kittitian/Nevisian	125	125	0	0
Martinican	35	40	0	0
Montserratan	35	30	0	0
Puerto Rican	35	25	0	0
St. Lucian	260	250	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,625	2,615	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	640	630	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	2,640	2,610	0	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	640	635	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	5,430	4,355	25	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	200	145	0	15
Arawak	15	10	0	0
Argentinian	65	40	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	0	0
Brazilian	145	50	0	0
Chilean	215	95	0	0
Colombian	175	50	0	0
Costa Rican	20	15	0	0
Ecuadorian	150	105	0	0
Guatemalan	185	45	0	0
Guyanese	3,250	3,230	15	0
Hispanic	35	15	0	0
Honduran	10	10	0	0
Maya	35	0	0	0
Mexican	185	70	10	0
Nicaraguan	100	50	0	0
Panamanian	70	70	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	140	65	0	0
Salvadorean	170	70	0	0
Uruguayan	30	15	0	0
Venezuelan	215	165	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	225	155	0	0
African origins	7,140	5,175	385	120
Central and West African origins	1,540	985	245	40
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	0	0	0
Beninese	25	15	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	40	15	30	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	265	25	200	10
Edo	20	20	0	0
Ewe	15	0	10	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	20	10	0	0
Ghanaian	495	365	0	0
Guinean	20	0	0	15
Ibo	45	40	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0
Liberian	10	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	500	465	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	20	25	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	60	35	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	120	60	30	15
North African origins	1,010	385	50	20
Algerian	20	10	10	0
Berber	0	10	0	0
Coptic	95	50	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	815	295	15	25
Libyan	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	100	55	10	0
Sudanese	50	20	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	20	10	10	0
Southern and East African origins	1,385	870	40	15
Afrikaner	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	40	15	0	0
Ethiopian	265	135	0	0
Harari	15	0	0	0
Kenyan	40	35	0	0
Malagasy	20	0	25	0
Mauritian	45	25	10	0
Oromo	20	10	0	0
Rwandan	15	10	0	0
Seychellois	25	20	0	0
Somali	330	185	0	20
South African	265	260	0	0
Tanzanian	65	20	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	50	30	0	0
Zambian	25	20	0	0
Zimbabwean	65	25	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	150	100	10	0
Other African origins	3,300	3,010	50	55
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	545	545	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	2,780	2,490	50	55
Asian origins	44,030	20,945	135	175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	5,860	1,745	55	55
Afghan	2,705	500	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	330	160	0	0
Armenian	305	160	0	0
Assyrian	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0
Hazara	25	15	0	0
Iranian	600	195	0	20
Iraqi	205	45	0	0
Israeli	95	60	10	0
Jordanian	45	25	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	35	10	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	885	415	40	40
Palestinian	375	115	0	0
Pashtun	35	10	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	15	0	0
Syrian	220	110	0	0
Tajik	40	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0
Turk	300	115	0	10
Turkmen	10	0	0	0
Uighur	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	20	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	115	20	0	0
South Asian origins	26,310	13,445	60	80
Bangladeshi	555	140	0	0
Bengali	185	65	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	15,455	9,860	50	35
Goan	115	105	0	0
Gujarati	110	0	0	0
Kashmiri	30	10	0	0
Nepali	30	20	0	0
Pakistani	3,490	1,240	0	10
Punjabi	370	115	0	10
Sinhalese	120	60	0	10
Sri Lankan	5,275	1,850	15	20
Tamil	1,825	585	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	1,120	335	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	12,765	6,500	20	65
Burmese	75	45	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	45	0	0
Chinese	5,510	2,945	15	25
Filipino	6,475	3,185	0	40
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	150	95	0	0
Japanese	370	250	0	10
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	220	115	0	0
Laotian	25	25	0	0
Malaysian	130	105	0	0
Mongolian	95	50	0	10
Singaporean	20	20	0	0
Taiwanese	45	10	0	0
Thai	60	45	0	0
Tibetan	45	20	0	0
Vietnamese	470	200	0	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	65	35	0	0
Other Asian origins	230	105	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	225	105	0	0
Oceania origins	170	160	0	0
Australian	80	85	0	0
New Zealander	30	35	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	55	45	0	0
Fijian	45	40	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	10	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	95,545	66,985	1,355	320
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,395	10,015	155	50
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	27,770	20,700	290	95
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,370	36,275	905	180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,140	3,900	85	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	2,555	1,875	50	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	2,590	2,020	35	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	22,480	17,070	355	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,460	1,625	50	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	23,290	13,690	420	100
Bachelor's degree	17,070	10,445	305	80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,530	820	60	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	155	0	0
Master's degree	3,995	2,125	55	20
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	270	155	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	95,545	66,990	1,355	325
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	42,170	30,715	445	145
Education	2,545	1,860	85	0
13. Education	2,545	1,860	85	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,915	1,425	45	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	420	330	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,495	1,095	25	0
Humanities	2,750	1,810	60	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	220	90	15	10
23. English language and literature/letters	705	525	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	980	555	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	10	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	90	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	190	10	0
54. History	390	305	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	75	50	15	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,125	5,320	140	50
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	30	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	770	655	25	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	1,020	15	10
22. Legal professions and studies	1,230	1,005	30	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	125	110	0	10
42. Psychology	950	760	10	15
45. Social sciences	2,595	1,750	60	10
Business, management and public administration	13,375	8,975	215	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55	30	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,000	780	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,315	8,165	200	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,140	1,245	25	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	875	525	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	605	360	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	50	30	0	0
40. Physical sciences	500	250	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	80	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,310	1,930	45	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,865	1,655	45	0
25. Library science	80	50	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	335	200	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	35	30	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,850	6,260	150	25
04. Architecture and related services	355	230	10	0
14. Engineering	2,970	1,135	30	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,250	1,560	45	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,710	1,385	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,800	1,355	40	0
48. Precision production	775	595	0	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	555	370	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	295	145	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	215	0	0
Health and related fields	6,985	4,880	100	10
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	620	535	20	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,275	4,320	80	10
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	95	25	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,805	2,190	35	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,370	1,030	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,060	925	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	235	10	10
Other	10	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	95,540	66,990	1,355	325
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,170	30,715	450	145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	53,370	36,280	905	180
Location of study inside Canada	40,485	31,670	770	150
Same as province or territory of residence	38,485	30,235	560	120
Different than province or territory of residence	2,000	1,440	205	30
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	12,885	4,605	145	25
United States^Footnote 132	1,305	945	15	0
Philippines	1,665	255	0	0
India	2,080	550	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	1,110	905	0	0
China^Footnote 134	430	0	0	0
France	80	0	40	0
Other	6,225	1,940	80	30
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	95,540	66,990	1,355	325
In the labour force	67,415	47,890	975	220
Employed	61,865	43,745	920	210
Unemployed	5,550	4,145	50	0
Not in the labour force	28,130	19,095	385	105
Participation rate	70.6	71.5	72.0	67.7
Employment rate	64.8	65.3	67.9	64.6
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.7	5.1	0.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	95,540	66,990	1,355	320
Did not work^Footnote 137	27,845	18,655	390	100
Worked	67,705	48,335	970	220
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	36,915	26,400	535	105
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	30,785	21,935	435	120
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.0	43.0	41.3
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	70,015	49,950	1,015	235
a.Management	7,695	5,585	115	55
00 Senior management occupations	655	525	15	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	3,550	2,655	50	20
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,160	1,435	30	20
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,330	970	20	0
b.Professional	12,800	8,625	295	45
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	3,120	2,135	60	15
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	3,390	1,940	70	10
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,245	835	15	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	575	310	0	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,320	1,755	100	10
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,580	1,165	35	10
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	560	480	15	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	7,110	5,280	100	25
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,005	1,320	25	10
32 Technical occupations in health	1,135	750	10	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,935	1,435	25	10
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	520	485	10	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,515	1,295	25	10
d.Administration and administrative support	10,350	7,770	110	35
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	4,265	3,250	40	15
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	945	655	10	0
14 Office support occupations	3,680	2,750	55	15
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,460	1,105	10	0
e.Sales	7,985	5,765	100	40
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,275	1,570	40	15
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	3,385	2,505	40	20
66 Sales support occupations	2,320	1,690	20	10
f.Personal and customer information services	11,790	8,175	190	30
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,100	800	10	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,425	940	25	10
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,900	1,185	25	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,070	2,920	105	20
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,290	2,335	25	0
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,480	3,410	45	10
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,730	2,090	30	10
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,750	1,325	10	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,305	3,010	30	10
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,175	920	15	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,470	1,550	15	10
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	665	540	0	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	605	505	10	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	125	105	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	60	50	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	425	360	10	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,900	1,825	20	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	465	345	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	805	500	0	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	735	430	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	885	550	10	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	70,015	49,950	1,010	230
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	170	145	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	145	115	0	10
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	25	25	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	95	75	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	45	35	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	40	30	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	10	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,065	790	10	0
221 Utilities	1,070	790	10	0
23 Construction	4,060	3,130	30	0
236 Construction of buildings	1,075	810	10	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	410	305	10	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,570	2,010	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,430	3,530	65	0
311 Food manufacturing	485	285	15	10
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	60	45	0	0
313 Textile mills	45	30	0	0
314 Textile product mills	15	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	65	25	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	10	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	45	20	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	285	250	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	400	305	10	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	35	25	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	495	270	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	350	220	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	115	85	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	130	95	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	525	370	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	315	210	10	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	370	200	15	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	145	90	10	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	960	645	0	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	275	145	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	300	205	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	2,765	1,950	65	0
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	20	10	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	430	270	10	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	470	310	10	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	150	110	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	380	255	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	895	680	20	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	295	230	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	130	85	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	7,975	5,790	75	35
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	810	575	10	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	240	155	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	485	340	10	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	460	355	15	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,490	1,115	0	10
446 Health and personal care stores	810	440	15	0
447 Gasoline stations	155	80	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,135	840	10	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	375	315	10	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,300	990	0	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	445	350	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	275	235	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,905	2,530	50	15
481 Air transportation	155	120	10	0
482 Rail transportation	100	75	10	0
483 Water transportation	0	10	0	0
484 Truck transportation	680	370	0	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,425	865	10	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	10	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	300	200	10	0
491 Postal service	375	275	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	325	235	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	520	370	10	10
51 Information and cultural industries	2,520	1,895	40	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	375	275	10	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	255	230	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	295	270	10	0
517 Telecommunications	1,250	875	20	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	145	95	0	0
519 Other information services	200	160	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	6,915	4,845	115	40
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	3,900	2,615	65	25
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	790	525	15	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,155	1,665	30	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	60	45	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,450	930	35	10
531 Real estate	1,280	800	35	10
532 Rental and leasing services	170	125	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,510	3,790	70	25
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,510	3,790	70	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	210	175	10	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	210	175	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,625	2,595	80	0
561 Administrative and support services	3,505	2,495	80	0
562 Waste management and remediation services	115	100	0	0
61 Educational services	4,745	3,480	145	15
611 Educational services	4,740	3,480	145	20
62 Health care and social assistance	7,160	5,080	75	15
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,075	1,360	20	0
622 Hospitals	2,160	1,535	10	0
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,215	890	10	0
624 Social assistance	1,720	1,295	30	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,350	1,205	15	0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	380	345	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	80	65	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	890	790	15	0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,355	2,870	45	10
721 Accommodation services	425	290	10	0
722 Food services and drinking places	3,935	2,585	40	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,730	1,835	30	15
811 Repair and maintenance	780	515	10	0
812 Personal and laundry services	865	540	0	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	840	675	10	10
814 Private households	250	105	10	0
91 Public administration	3,990	3,315	65	25
911 Federal government public administration	880	670	20	15
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	855	655	25	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,245	1,985	15	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	61,865	43,750	925	210
Worked at home	3,700	2,590	70	10
Worked outside Canada	265	165	10	0
No fixed workplace address	7,180	4,995	80	25
Worked at usual place	50,730	36,000	770	175
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	70,020	49,955	1,010	235
English	68,450	49,645	705	200
French	305	85	180	0
Non-official language	425	25	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	425	20	0	0
English and French	345	110	120	35
English and non-official language	475	85	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	70,020	49,950	1,015	230
None	67,535	49,290	620	180
English	350	65	100	0
French	890	440	280	50
Non-official language	1,200	140	10	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,200	140	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	50,725	36,000	770	175
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,565	7,200	125	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,755	7,395	140	30
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	31,295	21,325	500	105
Commute to a different province or territory	110	80	10	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	57,900	40,990	850	200
Car, truck, van - as a driver	42,130	29,685	620	145
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,700	2,610	35	10
Public transit	9,865	7,010	165	45
Walked	1,355	1,020	25	0
Bicycle	280	235	0	0
Other method	585	435	10	10
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	57,905	40,995	850	205
Less than 15 minutes	9,335	7,165	135	45
15 to 29 minutes	12,455	8,965	175	30
30 to 44 minutes	11,790	7,990	150	15
45 to 59 minutes	8,945	5,960	160	45
60 minutes and over	15,370	10,915	240	65
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	57,905	40,990	845	200
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,820	3,605	30	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,800	8,600	200	60
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,080	10,740	260	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,890	6,955	170	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,795	4,245	90	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,510	6,840	100	40
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	117,890	85,635	1,555	530
Non-movers	107,245	78,775	1,455	500
Movers	10,640	6,855	100	25
Non-migrants	4,460	3,295	30	10
Migrants	6,180	3,565	70	25
Internal migrants	5,570	3,275	65	25
Intraprovincial migrants	5,335	3,090	65	25
Interprovincial migrants	245	185	0	0
External migrants	605	290	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	112,130	80,885	1,515	520
Non-movers	73,130	56,755	1,000	380
Movers	39,005	24,125	510	140
Non-migrants	15,740	11,380	155	60
Migrants	23,255	12,745	360	80
Internal migrants	20,395	11,780	325	75
Intraprovincial migrants	19,850	11,470	310	70
Interprovincial migrants	545	310	20	10
External migrants	2,865	970	35	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Ajax, T

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.6%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.