Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Oshawa, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	157,630	135,870	3,025	520
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	157,630	135,865	3,025	515
0 to 14 years	26,515	24,590	285	160
0 to 4 years	8,755	8,085	90	75
5 to 9 years	9,120	8,510	105	50
10 to 14 years	8,645	7,990	90	40
15 to 64 years	106,040	91,675	1,955	305
15 to 19 years	9,170	8,420	75	40
20 to 24 years	10,605	9,525	95	30
25 to 29 years	10,425	9,395	130	55
30 to 34 years	10,335	9,135	145	20
35 to 39 years	10,010	8,515	210	25
40 to 44 years	10,000	8,395	195	50
45 to 49 years	10,775	8,900	210	35
50 to 54 years	13,035	10,975	340	10
55 to 59 years	12,005	10,245	320	35
60 to 64 years	9,680	8,165	240	15
65 years and over	25,075	19,600	790	45
65 to 69 years	8,435	6,900	250	10
70 to 74 years	6,000	4,785	140	10
75 to 79 years	4,515	3,545	110	0
80 to 84 years	3,370	2,400	175	15
85 years and over	2,755	1,970	105	0
85 to 89 years	1,845	1,315	80	0
90 to 94 years	755	555	20	0
95 to 99 years	135	90	0	0
100 years and over	15	10	0	0
Average age	40.5	39.3	49.8	30.8
Median age	40.9	39.0	52.4	27.9
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	131,115	111,275	2,745	355
Married or living common law	71,010	57,985	1,690	200
Married	56,655	44,840	1,335	135
Living common law	14,355	13,150	355	65
Not married and not living common law	60,110	53,285	1,050	155
Never married	38,125	34,775	490	105
Separated	5,220	4,540	130	10
Divorced	9,470	8,275	205	20
Widowed	7,295	5,700	225	15
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	131,115	111,275	2,740	355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	124,845	105,745	2,675	325
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,552	43,038	48,265	50,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,348	34,029	40,481	38,378
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	124,890	105,790	2,680	320
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,875	36,214	40,558	41,942
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,351	30,858	36,177	34,016
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	108,835	92,290	2,420	295
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,878	42,514	45,602	49,890
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,074	33,052	38,096	35,059
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,365	78,535	1,895	240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,083	7,989	9,920	6,450
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,309	6,227	9,868	2,254
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	91,670	78,710	1,955	250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,964	41,301	45,322	46,333
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,004	32,581	40,586	42,424
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	85.8	86.2	85.3	90.3
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	70.7	71.4	68.6	71.1
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	14.2	13.8	14.6	9.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	131,110	111,270	2,740	350
Without total income	6,265	5,530	70	30
With total income	124,850	105,745	2,680	325
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.0	97.8	92.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	18,090	14,890	225	45
$10,000 to $19,999	22,090	18,545	410	50
$20,000 to $29,999	17,230	14,340	345	35
$30,000 to $39,999	14,545	12,290	330	30
$40,000 to $49,999	13,475	11,650	315	50
$50,000 to $59,999	10,645	9,265	240	15
$60,000 to $69,999	7,530	6,540	190	20
$70,000 to $79,999	5,825	5,030	180	20
$80,000 to $89,999	4,580	3,915	145	15
$90,000 to $99,999	3,440	2,990	105	0
$100,000 and over	7,395	6,285	190	35
$100,000 to $149,999	5,530	4,685	150	20
$150,000 and over	1,865	1,600	35	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	131,110	111,275	2,745	350
Without after-tax income	6,220	5,490	60	30
With after-tax income	124,890	105,785	2,680	320
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.1	97.6	91.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	18,500	15,270	235	45
$10,000 to $19,999	23,135	19,470	425	50
$20,000 to $29,999	20,125	16,800	410	35
$30,000 to $39,999	17,710	15,025	410	60
$40,000 to $49,999	15,410	13,410	395	35
$50,000 to $59,999	10,260	8,945	225	25
$60,000 to $69,999	7,295	6,230	210	25
$70,000 to $79,999	5,235	4,480	185	15
$80,000 and over	7,230	6,150	185	35
$80,000 to $89,999	2,875	2,425	90	20
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	1,290	50	0
$100,000 and over	2,845	2,435	50	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	131,115	111,270	2,740	355
Without employment income	39,440	32,565	790	105
With employment income	91,670	78,710	1,955	250
Percentage with employment income	69.9	70.7	71.4	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,680	13,115	355	30
$5,000 to $9,999	6,990	5,930	140	15
$10,000 to $19,999	11,550	9,765	180	35
$20,000 to $29,999	9,705	8,395	115	10
$30,000 to $39,999	9,150	7,920	175	30
$40,000 to $49,999	8,435	7,480	185	40
$50,000 to $59,999	7,335	6,500	140	10
$60,000 to $69,999	5,565	4,765	175	20
$70,000 to $79,999	4,645	4,015	135	15
$80,000 and over	12,625	10,830	355	45
$80,000 to $89,999	3,645	3,085	130	20
$90,000 to $99,999	2,920	2,580	80	10
$100,000 and over	6,065	5,165	150	25
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	131,110	111,275	2,740	355
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	42,895	37,455	970	115
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	53,881	53,830	61,828	60,619
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	61,469	61,492	66,798	65,082
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	157,630	135,865	3,025	515
English only	146,340	129,700	255	100
French only	130	10	105	0
English and French	10,175	6,115	2,655	420
Neither English nor French	990	45	10	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	157,630	135,870	3,030	520
English	144,720	134,065	1,865	290
French	985	15	900	40
Non-official language	7,335	500	35	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,330	500	40	15
English and French	475	140	185	140
English and non-official language	3,930	1,130	10	0
French and non-official language	50	0	20	0
English, French and non-official language	130	20	15	25
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	157,630	135,865	3,025	515
None	145,750	132,935	1,790	385
English	3,715	315	455	45
French	1,765	945	705	75
Non-official language	6,200	1,630	50	10
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,195	1,625	45	10
English and French	35	0	15	0
English and non-official language	85	0	10	0
French and non-official language	90	40	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	157,630	135,870	3,030	515
English	153,305	135,865	255	295
French	2,885	0	2,770	45
English and French	500	0	0	180
Neither English nor French	940	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	3,135	10	2,770	135
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	2.0	0.0	91.4	26.2
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	157,630	135,865	3,025	520
Official languages	156,645	135,825	3,020	515
English	156,510	135,815	2,915	520
French	10,305	6,120	2,760	420
Non-official languages	23,330	5,600	265	70
Aboriginal languages	45	30	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	23,290	5,565	265	65
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	157,630	135,870	3,025	515
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	4,640	4,340	260	25
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	4,460	4,160	260	20
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	2,695	2,595	75	10
Métis	1,665	1,470	180	10
Inuk (Inuit)	100	90	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	90	90	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	90	90	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	152,990	131,525	2,765	490
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	157,630	135,870	3,025	520
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	1,275	1,180	85	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	156,355	134,690	2,940	510
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	157,630	135,870	3,025	520
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	745	645	70	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	715	615	70	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	445	425	20	0
Métis single ancestry	255	190	55	10
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	35	30	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	25	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	6,520	6,160	280	45
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	6,335	6,005	270	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,950	4,750	140	40
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,305	1,165	130	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	85	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	175	155	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	170	155	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	150,370	129,065	2,670	460
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	157,630	135,865	3,025	515
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	152,140	133,295	2,970	495
Canadian citizens only	147,530	131,245	2,925	480
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	4,605	2,050	45	10
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	5,490	2,575	55	20
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	157,630	135,865	3,025	515
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	129,685	122,705	2,740	460
Immigrants^Footnote 44	26,975	12,785	280	55
Before 1981	11,930	7,055	70	15
1981 to 1990	3,770	1,790	25	0
1991 to 2000	4,295	1,470	45	15
2001 to 2010	5,035	1,825	95	10
2001 to 2005	2,615	860	50	0
2006 to 2010	2,420	965	40	10
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	1,955	640	45	20
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	970	380	0	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	26,975	12,785	280	55
Under 5 years	3,060	1,955	15	10
5 to 14 years	5,685	3,105	55	15
15 to 24 years	6,840	3,205	70	10
25 to 44 years	9,845	4,010	125	25
45 years and over	1,535	500	15	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	26,975	12,785	280	55
Americas	6,265	5,120	55	10
Brazil	140	10	0	0
Colombia	80	0	0	0
El Salvador	125	10	0	0
Guyana	960	965	0	0
Haiti	50	0	40	0
Jamaica	1,760	1,745	0	0
Mexico	115	15	0	0
Peru	40	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	915	910	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	850	770	15	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,215	705	0	0
Europe	12,225	5,710	90	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	120	10	0	0
Croatia	235	20	0	0
France	105	30	60	0
Germany	870	205	0	0
Greece	290	15	0	0
Hungary	280	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	255	255	0	0
Italy	1,065	60	0	0
Netherlands	485	75	10	0
Poland	1,205	70	0	0
Portugal	595	45	0	0
Romania	315	15	0	0
Russian Federation	190	25	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	160	0	0	0
Ukraine	285	25	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	4,750	4,685	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,020	175	20	0
Africa	1,295	480	125	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	210	20	0	10
Ethiopia	60	10	0	0
Kenya	60	50	0	0
Morocco	15	0	0	0
Nigeria	130	70	0	0
Somalia	20	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	195	155	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	620	180	110	20
Asia	7,110	1,405	15	10
Afghanistan	270	0	0	0
Bangladesh	185	35	0	0
China^Footnote 53	860	70	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	145	10	0	0
India	1,135	385	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	160	0	0	0
Iraq	60	10	0	0
Japan	35	10	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	90	10	0	0
Lebanon	85	10	10	0
Pakistan	1,010	230	0	0
Philippines	1,330	335	0	10
Sri Lanka	800	105	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	50	10	0	0
Viet Nam	170	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	720	170	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	90	65	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	1,950	640	45	15
Americas	450	305	25	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0
Cuba	25	0	0	0
Haiti	30	0	25	0
Jamaica	65	65	0	0
Mexico	20	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	105	85	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	190	150	0	0
Europe	240	100	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	10	10	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	0	0	0	0
Romania	35	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	75	75	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	95	0	0	0
Africa	200	50	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	80	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	20	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	10	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	25	15	15
Asia	1,045	175	0	0
Afghanistan	25	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	150	10	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0
India	230	60	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	45	0	0	0
Iraq	15	0	0	0
Israel	10	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	160	25	0	0
Philippines	195	30	0	0
Saudi Arabia	40	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	75	20	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	15	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	15	20	0	0
Australia	15	15	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	157,630	135,870	3,025	515
First generation^Footnote 73	28,375	13,510	300	55
Second generation^Footnote 74	34,015	30,020	300	130
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	95,240	92,335	2,420	330
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	15,435	5,975	215	40
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	6,445	2,575	70	20
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	2,490	960	50	10
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	3,960	1,615	20	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	6,180	2,885	65	0
Refugees^Footnote 81	2,605	405	65	15
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	200	105	15	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	157,630	135,865	3,025	515
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	25,245	16,060	345	120
South Asian^Footnote 85	6,040	2,845	10	15
Chinese	2,190	715	10	0
Black	8,715	7,940	270	60
Filipino	2,100	1,100	0	20
Latin American	1,260	375	0	10
Arab	975	300	35	15
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	495	165	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 87	600	105	0	10
Korean	155	50	0	0
Japanese	255	205	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	1,250	1,205	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	1,215	1,055	25	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	132,385	119,805	2,680	395
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	157,630	135,865	3,025	515
North American Aboriginal origins	7,255	6,805	360	60
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,605	5,360	170	45
Inuit	105	100	0	0
Métis	1,750	1,530	195	20
Other North American origins	54,580	52,415	1,560	270
Acadian	270	205	45	15
American	1,925	1,870	20	20
Canadian	52,905	50,855	1,480	245
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	325	325	0	0
Nova Scotian	35	40	0	0
Ontarian	35	40	0	0
Québécois	110	60	50	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0
European origins	111,880	99,680	1,970	330
British Isles origins	81,265	80,405	445	160
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	47,795	47,360	230	95
Irish	34,265	33,910	175	85
Manx	35	35	0	0
Scottish	33,935	33,710	125	40
Welsh	3,455	3,425	25	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	4,975	4,935	10	10
French origins	16,545	14,310	1,775	250
Alsatian	10	10	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	16,530	14,300	1,775	250
Western European origins (except French origins)	20,715	18,690	170	40
Austrian	920	760	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	515	425	50	15
Dutch	7,310	6,645	45	10
Flemish	20	25	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0
German	13,170	11,930	85	15
Luxembourger	20	15	0	0
Swiss	410	375	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	20	25	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,955	2,740	10	20
Danish	725	655	0	0
Finnish	650	580	10	0
Icelandic	105	105	0	0
Norwegian	760	720	0	0
Swedish	815	755	0	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	140	140	0	0
Eastern European origins	16,290	12,305	65	40
Bulgarian	125	70	0	0
Byelorussian	100	30	0	0
Czech	425	320	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	135	130	0	0
Estonian	125	115	0	0
Hungarian	2,060	1,555	0	0
Latvian	165	130	0	0
Lithuanian	260	215	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0
Polish	6,425	4,560	45	10
Romanian	745	390	10	10
Russian	1,490	990	0	0
Slovak	370	295	0	0
Ukrainian	6,185	5,170	15	25
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	40	45	0	0
Southern European origins	17,360	12,725	85	20
Albanian	40	20	0	0
Bosnian	100	40	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	600	335	0	0
Cypriot	55	15	0	0
Greek	1,560	1,050	0	0
Italian	8,705	6,850	65	0
Kosovar	20	15	0	0
Macedonian	585	385	0	0
Maltese	945	865	0	0
Montenegrin	25	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,915	2,060	10	10
Serbian	455	190	0	0
Sicilian	70	65	0	0
Slovenian	250	150	0	0
Spanish	2,050	1,395	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	190	160	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	780	645	0	0
Basque	0	10	0	0
Jewish	340	295	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	75	35	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	340	305	10	0
Caribbean origins	8,030	7,805	70	40
Antiguan	35	35	0	0
Bahamian	45	45	0	0
Barbadian	495	490	0	10
Bermudan	10	10	0	0
Carib	95	95	0	0
Cuban	150	105	0	0
Dominican	125	80	0	0
Grenadian	165	165	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	110	30	55	25
Jamaican	4,740	4,710	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	50	45	0	10
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	15	15	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	10	0	0
St. Lucian	120	120	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,485	1,475	10	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	325	325	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	950	945	10	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	175	175	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,050	2,150	15	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	165	110	0	0
Arawak	10	10	0	0
Argentinian	55	35	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	25	10	0	0
Brazilian	170	50	0	0
Chilean	165	95	0	0
Colombian	145	40	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	165	105	0	0
Guatemalan	110	40	0	0
Guyanese	1,320	1,310	0	10
Hispanic	45	40	0	0
Honduran	20	15	10	0
Maya	25	10	0	0
Mexican	310	145	10	0
Nicaraguan	15	10	0	0
Panamanian	40	30	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	90	45	0	10
Salvadorean	145	40	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	95	70	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	125	60	0	0
African origins	3,475	2,500	250	40
Central and West African origins	650	310	165	0
Akan	10	10	0	0
Angolan	0	10	0	0
Ashanti	10	15	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	90	20	50	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	65	0	55	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	145	100	0	0
Guinean	45	20	25	0
Ibo	40	15	0	0
Ivorian	25	0	20	0
Liberian	10	10	0	0
Malian	15	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	150	90	15	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	45	15	20	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	15	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	55	40	0	0
North African origins	355	130	15	15
Algerian	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	285	85	0	15
Libyan	15	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	50	35	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	10	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	675	420	15	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	30	20	0	0
Ethiopian	60	20	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	25	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	10	0	0
Rwandan	15	0	0	15
Seychellois	15	10	0	0
Somali	75	25	0	10
South African	180	165	0	0
Tanzanian	45	30	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	40	30	0	0
Zambian	15	10	0	0
Zimbabwean	65	35	0	0
Zulu	20	10	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	110	70	15	0
Other African origins	1,835	1,650	70	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	350	345	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	1,505	1,320	70	0
Asian origins	15,230	7,745	30	60
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,360	1,045	15	10
Afghan	520	125	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	305	175	10	0
Armenian	125	80	10	0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	275	90	0	0
Iraqi	75	15	0	0
Israeli	115	90	0	0
Jordanian	50	25	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	20	15	0	0
Lebanese	295	200	10	0
Palestinian	170	75	0	0
Pashtun	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	145	15	0	0
Syrian	120	80	0	0
Tajik	30	20	0	0
Tatar	10	10	0	0
Turk	195	95	0	0
Turkmen	0	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	25	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	45	30	0	0
South Asian origins	6,870	3,750	10	25
Bangladeshi	155	25	0	0
Bengali	15	10	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	4,345	2,780	0	15
Goan	20	20	0	0
Gujarati	35	10	0	0
Kashmiri	35	0	0	0
Nepali	15	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,175	440	0	0
Punjabi	95	40	0	0
Sinhalese	50	20	0	10
Sri Lankan	980	355	0	0
Tamil	270	70	0	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	445	250	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,375	3,290	10	25
Burmese	35	35	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	40	0	0
Chinese	3,280	1,600	10	10
Filipino	2,310	1,275	0	20
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	120	60	0	0
Japanese	400	320	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	175	65	0	0
Laotian	70	45	0	0
Malaysian	85	25	0	0
Mongolian	45	30	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	15	0	0
Thai	55	25	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	265	80	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	35	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	55	20	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	60	15	0	0
Oceania origins	275	260	0	0
Australian	190	190	0	0
New Zealander	45	45	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	35	25	0	0
Fijian	30	25	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	131,110	111,275	2,745	355
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,395	22,410	630	50
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	42,195	37,035	665	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,525	51,825	1,445	180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,535	7,810	325	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	4,480	3,660	135	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	5,050	4,150	190	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	33,305	29,275	700	80
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,910	1,445	55	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,775	13,295	365	70
Bachelor's degree	13,145	10,285	240	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,260	915	35	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270	125	0	0
Master's degree	2,785	1,780	90	0
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	325	180	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	131,115	111,275	2,740	355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	68,590	59,450	1,295	170
Education	3,345	2,815	105	0
13. Education	3,345	2,820	105	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,455	2,120	45	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	570	525	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,890	1,595	35	0
Humanities	2,695	2,155	70	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	180	75	35	0
23. English language and literature/letters	715	615	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	685	525	20	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	15	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	110	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	305	240	0	0
54. History	525	500	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	110	80	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,055	6,920	140	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	65	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	965	875	15	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,820	1,540	20	10
22. Legal professions and studies	1,795	1,605	40	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	175	175	0	0
42. Psychology	1,130	970	20	0
45. Social sciences	2,080	1,685	40	0
Business, management and public administration	12,550	10,310	330	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	30	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,225	1,115	25	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,285	9,165	305	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,460	1,070	20	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	605	485	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	325	250	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	30	15	0	0
40. Physical sciences	405	245	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	75	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,375	1,805	60	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,005	1,545	45	10
25. Library science	120	115	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	135	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	15	15	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	13,570	10,790	415	35
04. Architecture and related services	320	255	10	0
14. Engineering	1,770	870	50	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,235	2,740	55	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,275	2,800	150	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,220	2,685	100	0
48. Precision production	1,745	1,435	50	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	815	670	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	490	375	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	295	0	0
Health and related fields	10,270	8,800	170	50
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	925	865	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	9,280	7,895	165	45
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	40	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,915	4,365	95	10
12. Personal and culinary services	2,450	2,090	55	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,770	1,675	15	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	680	580	20	10
Other	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	131,110	111,275	2,740	355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,590	59,445	1,295	165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	62,525	51,825	1,450	180
Location of study inside Canada	54,900	48,475	1,315	170
Same as province or territory of residence	51,875	46,090	1,025	130
Different than province or territory of residence	3,020	2,385	290	35
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	7,620	3,350	130	10
United States^Footnote 132	1,235	1,000	45	0
Philippines	610	125	0	0
India	555	130	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	1,250	1,145	0	0
China^Footnote 134	325	10	0	0
France	50	0	25	0
Other	3,595	930	65	10
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	131,115	111,275	2,745	350
In the labour force	81,430	70,230	1,625	235
Employed	73,470	63,185	1,515	215
Unemployed	7,955	7,040	115	20
Not in the labour force	49,685	41,045	1,115	115
Participation rate	62.1	63.1	59.2	67.1
Employment rate	56.0	56.8	55.2	61.4
Unemployment rate	9.8	10.0	7.1	8.5
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	131,110	111,275	2,745	350
Did not work^Footnote 137	48,315	39,745	1,100	115
Worked	82,800	71,530	1,635	230
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	43,845	38,260	980	115
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	38,960	33,275	655	115
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.3	45.0	43.3
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	85,680	73,935	1,705	250
a.Management	7,640	6,430	155	40
00 Senior management occupations	515	465	0	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	2,520	2,120	95	20
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	3,020	2,525	30	15
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,580	1,315	35	0
b.Professional	11,045	8,995	285	30
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	2,010	1,685	35	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	2,050	1,490	35	10
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,405	1,200	20	10
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	435	320	10	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,120	2,550	135	15
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,380	1,195	30	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	655	560	20	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	8,145	7,085	150	15
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,210	1,850	60	0
32 Technical occupations in health	1,500	1,275	10	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,035	1,830	25	10
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	780	710	15	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,620	1,420	40	0
d.Administration and administrative support	10,725	9,540	230	40
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	4,190	3,745	85	10
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	720	615	10	10
14 Office support occupations	3,665	3,285	95	20
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	2,155	1,905	35	0
e.Sales	9,210	8,255	165	10
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,755	1,555	30	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	4,105	3,680	70	0
66 Sales support occupations	3,355	3,015	60	0
f.Personal and customer information services	17,695	15,055	260	45
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,635	1,420	15	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,065	1,725	55	10
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,795	2,300	40	10
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,900	4,285	80	25
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	6,295	5,340	75	10
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	7,515	6,445	255	40
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	4,810	4,085	170	30
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,705	2,355	90	10
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	7,320	6,445	120	25
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,395	2,195	45	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	3,620	3,075	55	10
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,310	1,175	25	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,095	1,000	15	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	155	125	10	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	150	130	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	790	745	0	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,285	4,675	60	10
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	930	810	15	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	880	760	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	2,475	2,255	30	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,005	855	10	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	85,675	73,935	1,705	245
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	290	235	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	230	185	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	10	10	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10	10	10	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	35	35	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	95	10	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	40	35	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	30	30	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	35	30	0	0
22 Utilities	1,515	1,295	35	10
221 Utilities	1,520	1,300	40	10
23 Construction	7,055	6,000	205	30
236 Construction of buildings	1,935	1,620	45	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	720	600	20	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	4,400	3,780	140	25
31-33 Manufacturing	8,680	7,545	160	0
311 Food manufacturing	465	380	10	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	85	70	10	0
313 Textile mills	70	70	0	0
314 Textile product mills	25	15	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	20	20	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	175	150	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	295	270	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	510	465	10	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	30	25	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	535	455	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	575	480	10	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	230	215	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	340	300	10	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	530	430	10	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	465	390	10	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	365	320	10	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	160	130	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	3,225	2,930	50	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	230	175	10	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	355	255	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	3,160	2,750	90	25
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	10	10	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	25	25	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	550	500	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	365	300	20	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	295	255	20	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	525	490	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	930	780	35	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	350	305	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	100	85	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	10,935	9,725	100	10
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,270	1,145	10	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	400	345	10	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	415	370	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	965	900	15	0
445 Food and beverage stores	2,505	2,235	20	0
446 Health and personal care stores	865	695	10	0
447 Gasoline stations	185	135	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,145	1,015	0	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	585	560	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,615	1,440	20	10
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	670	610	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	310	270	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,950	4,195	110	10
481 Air transportation	120	95	10	0
482 Rail transportation	180	145	15	0
483 Water transportation	20	20	0	0
484 Truck transportation	1,235	1,015	35	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,435	1,180	25	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	10	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	640	585	10	0
491 Postal service	415	340	15	0
492 Couriers and messengers	225	170	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	665	630	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,055	1,835	45	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	450	385	10	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	345	315	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	185	180	0	0
517 Telecommunications	820	735	20	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	30	20	0	0
519 Other information services	220	200	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	3,140	2,675	85	10
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	1,655	1,355	35	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	415	360	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	1,050	940	40	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	25	20	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,385	1,215	30	10
531 Real estate	1,160	1,015	30	10
532 Rental and leasing services	225	200	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,575	3,785	115	15
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,575	3,785	120	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	110	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	120	110	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,265	4,620	80	20
561 Administrative and support services	4,920	4,285	70	20
562 Waste management and remediation services	345	330	10	0
61 Educational services	6,400	5,365	215	30
611 Educational services	6,400	5,360	210	30
62 Health care and social assistance	9,380	8,175	120	25
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,580	2,285	15	0
622 Hospitals	2,600	2,230	35	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,070	1,820	25	10
624 Social assistance	2,125	1,840	40	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,855	1,660	45	0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	415	370	10	0
712 Heritage institutions	110	105	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,330	1,195	30	0
72 Accommodation and food services	6,385	5,365	75	15
721 Accommodation services	430	370	10	0
722 Food services and drinking places	5,960	4,995	65	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,755	3,130	70	10
811 Repair and maintenance	1,250	1,040	40	0
812 Personal and laundry services	1,380	1,165	10	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	905	760	25	0
814 Private households	230	170	0	0
91 Public administration	4,670	4,155	95	20
911 Federal government public administration	790	670	20	15
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,030	920	35	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,845	2,560	40	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	73,470	63,185	1,515	215
Worked at home	3,820	3,215	90	15
Worked outside Canada	125	80	0	10
No fixed workplace address	9,540	8,040	200	35
Worked at usual place	59,985	51,850	1,225	155
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	85,675	73,935	1,705	250
English	84,340	73,620	1,310	180
French	410	120	240	20
Non-official language	310	15	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	310	15	0	0
English and French	360	125	145	50
English and non-official language	250	55	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	85,675	73,935	1,705	250
None	83,585	73,170	1,235	215
English	410	105	130	0
French	920	500	315	25
Non-official language	730	145	10	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	720	140	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	0	10	0
French and non-official language	20	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	59,985	51,855	1,225	155
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	23,055	20,010	425	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,080	17,785	410	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	16,700	13,945	370	55
Commute to a different province or territory	150	115	15	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	69,525	59,895	1,425	190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	54,100	46,710	1,140	130
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,950	4,260	90	25
Public transit	6,780	5,805	120	30
Walked	2,760	2,365	40	10
Bicycle	225	205	15	0
Other method	710	555	25	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	69,530	59,895	1,425	190
Less than 15 minutes	18,475	16,245	345	30
15 to 29 minutes	20,645	17,850	405	65
30 to 44 minutes	9,840	8,470	175	20
45 to 59 minutes	6,510	5,510	170	20
60 minutes and over	14,060	11,810	330	45
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	69,525	59,895	1,425	190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,535	6,685	95	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,905	12,025	325	55
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,025	12,900	435	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,645	9,930	220	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,015	5,760	100	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	14,405	12,595	245	45
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	156,010	134,355	3,010	505
Non-movers	135,305	117,310	2,680	405
Movers	20,710	17,045	325	100
Non-migrants	10,680	9,535	115	35
Migrants	10,030	7,510	210	65
Internal migrants	9,415	7,190	215	65
Intraprovincial migrants	8,925	6,800	190	55
Interprovincial migrants	490	385	25	10
External migrants	615	320	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	148,875	127,775	2,930	440
Non-movers	89,700	78,115	1,830	265
Movers	59,175	49,665	1,105	175
Non-migrants	29,440	26,915	445	75
Migrants	29,735	22,745	655	100
Internal migrants	27,265	21,790	625	85
Intraprovincial migrants	26,090	20,950	520	80
Interprovincial migrants	1,170	845	105	10
External migrants	2,470	955	30	15

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Oshawa, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.7%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.