Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Richmond Hill, T

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	193,800	177,810	1,390	2,920	11,680	2,850
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	193,805	177,810	1,390	2,920	11,680	2,850
0 to 14 years	32,535	29,990	195	1,030	1,325	710
0 to 4 years	8,530	7,275	25	45	1,185	50
5 to 9 years	11,185	10,600	80	395	105	280
10 to 14 years	12,825	12,115	85	595	30	380
15 to 64 years	133,760	127,070	960	1,665	4,060	1,790
15 to 19 years	13,745	13,235	80	400	30	285
20 to 24 years	12,350	12,050	95	190	25	190
25 to 29 years	10,890	10,705	45	75	65	75
30 to 34 years	9,585	9,300	35	115	135	95
35 to 39 years	11,295	10,870	70	200	165	170
40 to 44 years	15,320	14,805	80	165	260	165
45 to 49 years	17,695	16,750	195	145	610	265
50 to 54 years	17,050	15,895	145	140	875	215
55 to 59 years	14,600	13,535	140	135	790	205
60 to 64 years	11,230	9,930	75	110	1,115	130
65 years and over	27,505	20,745	235	225	6,300	345
65 to 69 years	10,015	8,430	65	105	1,410	125
70 to 74 years	6,370	4,850	50	50	1,415	80
75 to 79 years	4,865	3,290	35	40	1,495	60
80 to 84 years	3,475	2,355	35	15	1,075	45
85 years and over	2,780	1,820	45	10	910	50
85 to 89 years	1,970	1,335	30	0	595	35
90 to 94 years	665	385	10	0	260	15
95 to 99 years	140	90	0	0	45	0
100 years and over	10	0	0	0	0	0
Average age	40.2	39.1	44.0	29.6	60.0	not applicable ...
Median age	42.3	41.1	47.9	20.5	66.9	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	161,265	147,820	1,195	1,885	10,365	2,140
Married or living common law	99,900	90,665	765	1,070	7,400	1,295
Married	94,970	85,975	675	1,010	7,315	1,180
Living common law	4,920	4,690	95	55	85	120
Not married and not living common law	61,370	57,155	430	820	2,970	840
Never married	44,040	42,875	260	735	170	625
Separated	3,150	2,900	40	10	200	45
Divorced	7,320	6,735	65	35	485	80
Widowed	6,860	4,645	65	35	2,105	90
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	161,260	147,820	1,195	1,885	10,365	2,140
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	151,920	139,270	1,125	1,600	9,925	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,756	50,988	63,148	48,177	15,890	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,991	32,877	42,986	28,968	13,993	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	151,940	139,285	1,130	1,600	9,930	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,563	41,250	49,338	39,116	14,862	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,824	30,269	37,613	25,877	13,887	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	136,140	127,210	1,055	1,455	6,420	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,113	51,820	62,838	49,196	14,407	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,212	33,370	44,673	28,414	7,735	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	107,995	97,460	755	1,115	8,665	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,415	5,221	6,765	5,045	7,525	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,560	1,527	2,986	1,943	3,323	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	111,400	106,575	855	1,175	2,795	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,189	52,906	68,315	53,115	19,551	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,670	36,392	51,306	39,496	12,014	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	92.1	92.8	92.9	92.9	58.7	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	78.5	79.4	81.9	81.0	34.7	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	7.9	7.2	7.2	7.3	41.3	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	161,265	147,820	1,195	1,890	10,360	2,135
Without total income	9,340	8,550	70	285	435	210
With total income	151,920	139,270	1,130	1,600	9,925	1,925
Percentage with total income	94.2	94.2	94.6	84.7	95.8	90.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	31,145	26,910	175	410	3,650	385
$10,000 to $19,999	27,755	23,085	170	255	4,240	300
$20,000 to $29,999	17,040	15,830	100	140	965	170
$30,000 to $39,999	12,905	12,185	80	145	500	150
$40,000 to $49,999	11,345	10,955	95	85	220	135
$50,000 to $59,999	9,605	9,365	60	80	100	100
$60,000 to $69,999	7,605	7,360	55	80	115	95
$70,000 to $79,999	6,425	6,225	90	70	40	125
$80,000 to $89,999	5,525	5,385	50	60	35	80
$90,000 to $99,999	5,610	5,465	60	70	15	95
$100,000 and over	16,960	16,505	190	210	50	295
$100,000 to $149,999	10,975	10,675	120	155	30	195
$150,000 and over	5,985	5,830	70	60	25	100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	161,265	147,820	1,195	1,885	10,365	2,140
Without after-tax income	9,320	8,530	70	285	435	210
With after-tax income	151,945	139,285	1,130	1,600	9,930	1,925
Percentage with after-tax income	94.2	94.2	94.6	84.9	95.8	90.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	31,640	27,345	185	415	3,690	395
$10,000 to $19,999	28,680	23,970	165	265	4,275	295
$20,000 to $29,999	19,305	17,960	110	175	1,060	200
$30,000 to $39,999	15,135	14,445	120	120	450	175
$40,000 to $49,999	13,605	13,190	100	125	195	160
$50,000 to $59,999	10,290	9,990	70	100	125	120
$60,000 to $69,999	8,360	8,135	85	85	50	130
$70,000 to $79,999	7,680	7,440	115	85	40	165
$80,000 and over	17,255	16,810	180	225	45	285
$80,000 to $89,999	5,385	5,245	40	85	10	85
$90,000 to $99,999	3,345	3,265	35	45	0	50
$100,000 and over	8,525	8,295	105	90	30	155
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	161,265	147,820	1,200	1,885	10,360	2,135
Without employment income	49,865	41,245	335	715	7,565	695
With employment income	111,400	106,575	860	1,170	2,795	1,445
Percentage with employment income	69.1	72.1	71.7	62.1	27.0	67.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,175	13,380	115	185	495	210
$5,000 to $9,999	9,355	8,625	40	105	580	95
$10,000 to $19,999	15,620	14,560	80	160	820	160
$20,000 to $29,999	10,955	10,470	55	75	355	90
$30,000 to $39,999	9,635	9,280	65	75	210	100
$40,000 to $49,999	8,915	8,610	70	105	130	120
$50,000 to $59,999	7,430	7,275	55	50	45	80
$60,000 to $69,999	6,145	5,940	35	80	85	80
$70,000 to $79,999	5,250	5,105	65	60	15	95
$80,000 and over	23,930	23,325	275	280	45	415
$80,000 to $89,999	4,810	4,685	45	55	25	70
$90,000 to $99,999	5,130	5,010	70	35	10	85
$100,000 and over	13,995	13,630	165	190	0	260
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	161,265	147,820	1,195	1,885	10,365	2,135
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	53,495	51,940	400	525	630	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	61,143	61,380	85,406	75,167	24,959	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	76,595	76,850	102,331	84,008	32,824	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	193,800	177,810	1,390	2,920	11,680	2,850
English only	167,090	167,085	0	0	0	0
French only	105	0	100	0	0	100
English and French	14,815	10,615	1,285	2,915	0	2,740
Neither English nor French	11,795	105	0	0	11,680	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	193,800	177,810	1,390	2,920	11,680	2,850
English	101,060	100,385	670	0	0	670
French	500	25	480	0	0	480
Non-official language	72,890	58,610	85	2,510	11,685	1,335
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	72,890	58,610	85	2,510	11,680	1,335
English and French	385	100	70	210	0	180
English and non-official language	18,535	18,520	20	0	0	20
French and non-official language	50	0	50	0	0	50
English, French and non-official language	380	170	15	200	0	120
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	193,805	177,810	1,390	2,920	11,685	2,845
None	133,325	120,495	640	1,285	10,910	1,285
English	29,595	27,650	265	1,350	325	940
French	1,185	850	320	10	10	325
Non-official language	28,620	27,980	105	105	435	155
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	28,625	27,980	105	100	435	160
English and French	190	30	0	160	10	80
English and non-official language	600	545	40	10	0	45
French and non-official language	285	255	25	0	0	25
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	193,800	177,805	1,390	2,920	11,685	2,850
English	70,140	70,135	0	0	0	0
French	1,170	105	1,060	0	0	1,065
Non-official language	115,390	100,870	165	2,670	11,685	1,505
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	115,385	100,865	170	2,670	11,685	1,505
English and French	460	285	40	130	0	105
English and non-official language	6,225	6,230	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	150	60	90	0	0	90
English, French and non-official language	265	120	25	120	0	85
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	193,800	177,810	1,390	2,920	11,685	2,850
Official languages	182,005	177,705	1,385	2,915	0	2,845
English	181,905	177,705	1,285	2,915	0	2,740
French	14,920	10,615	1,390	2,915	0	2,845
Non-official languages	134,515	119,490	530	2,810	11,680	1,935
Aboriginal languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	134,500	119,480	525	2,810	11,685	1,925
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	193,800	177,810	1,390	2,920	11,685	2,850
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	505	500	10	0	0	10
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	475	470	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	295	290	0	0	0	0
Métis	180	180	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	20	15	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	20	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	193,290	177,310	1,380	2,920	11,685	2,840
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	193,805	177,805	1,390	2,915	11,680	2,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	210	210	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	193,590	177,600	1,390	2,920	11,680	2,850
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	193,800	177,810	1,390	2,915	11,685	2,850
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	85	85	10	0	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	75	75	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	45	45	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	30	30	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	845	790	45	0	0	50
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	835	785	45	10	0	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	640	600	35	0	0	40
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	180	165	10	0	0	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	192,875	176,935	1,340	2,915	11,685	2,795
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	193,800	177,805	1,395	2,920	11,685	2,850
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	168,185	157,875	1,250	2,530	6,535	2,510
Canadian citizens only	148,035	139,620	1,060	1,850	5,505	1,980
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	20,150	18,260	190	680	1,025	530
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	25,615	19,930	145	385	5,155	340
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	193,800	177,805	1,390	2,920	11,685	2,850
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	79,505	76,605	740	985	1,170	1,235
Immigrants^Footnote 42	111,225	98,470	620	1,915	10,225	1,575
Before 1981	19,195	18,060	160	220	755	270
1981 to 1990	14,945	13,670	50	190	1,030	150
1991 to 2000	30,890	27,845	110	450	2,485	335
2001 to 2010	32,200	28,150	190	755	3,105	570
2001 to 2005	17,885	16,055	90	395	1,350	290
2006 to 2010	14,310	12,105	100	360	1,755	280
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	14,000	10,745	110	295	2,850	250
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	3,070	2,735	30	25	285	40
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	111,230	98,470	615	1,915	10,225	1,575
Under 5 years	8,975	8,385	50	430	115	265
5 to 14 years	17,665	17,040	125	430	75	340
15 to 24 years	20,110	19,365	140	215	390	250
25 to 44 years	49,850	45,990	245	735	2,885	610
45 years and over	14,620	7,690	60	105	6,765	115
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	111,230	98,470	615	1,910	10,225	1,575
Americas	5,915	5,705	20	120	70	75
Brazil	105	105	0	0	0	0
Colombia	295	280	0	0	0	10
El Salvador	90	80	0	0	10	0
Guyana	620	620	0	0	0	0
Haiti	20	15	10	0	0	10
Jamaica	1,130	1,120	0	0	10	0
Mexico	160	155	0	10	0	0
Peru	190	150	0	35	10	15
Trinidad and Tobago	645	645	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,355	1,305	10	30	15	20
Other places of birth in Americas	1,310	1,225	0	45	35	25
Europe	20,830	19,030	175	410	1,220	380
Bosnia and Herzegovina	140	130	0	0	0	0
Croatia	195	190	0	0	0	0
France	115	30	85	0	0	90
Germany	660	625	10	25	0	20
Greece	1,150	1,065	0	15	75	0
Hungary	360	350	0	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	110	110	0	0	0	0
Italy	3,875	3,580	10	20	255	25
Netherlands	205	205	0	0	0	0
Poland	595	575	0	10	20	0
Portugal	490	460	0	0	25	0
Romania	1,590	1,335	10	150	100	80
Russian Federation	3,780	3,355	10	90	335	50
Serbia^Footnote 49	225	215	10	10	0	10
Ukraine	2,515	2,245	0	40	220	25
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	1,915	1,910	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,920	2,655	35	45	185	65
Africa	5,395	4,740	315	265	75	445
Algeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	1,575	1,350	65	135	35	130
Ethiopia	30	30	0	0	0	0
Kenya	570	550	0	20	0	10
Morocco	130	80	45	10	0	50
Nigeria	225	225	0	0	0	0
Somalia	135	120	0	0	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	530	530	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,185	1,845	210	105	25	260
Asia	78,955	68,875	105	1,115	8,860	665
Afghanistan	1,145	1,000	0	10	140	0
Bangladesh	270	265	0	10	0	0
China^Footnote 51	23,970	18,135	20	245	5,570	145
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	12,965	12,050	0	115	795	55
India	3,450	3,300	0	10	140	10
Iran^Footnote 53	17,305	15,770	35	435	1,065	250
Iraq	850	800	0	10	45	10
Japan	250	250	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	3,725	3,330	0	20	365	10
Lebanon	590	470	15	70	40	45
Pakistan	1,880	1,845	10	10	25	0
Philippines	2,810	2,805	0	0	0	10
Sri Lanka	1,200	1,140	0	20	45	10
Syria^Footnote 55	160	135	10	0	15	0
Taiwan	1,215	1,085	0	0	115	0
Viet Nam	1,340	1,135	20	35	150	35
Other places of birth in Asia	5,825	5,355	0	125	340	70
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	130	125	10	0	0	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	14,000	10,740	105	295	2,850	255
Americas	585	540	0	10	40	0
Brazil	50	45	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0	0	10	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	55	55	0	0	0	0
Mexico	30	30	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	270	255	0	10	15	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	35	20	0	0	15	0
Other places of birth in Americas	125	120	0	0	0	0
Europe	1,020	755	10	50	210	30
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	60	50	0	10	10	0
Romania	65	40	0	0	10	10
Russian Federation	340	255	0	15	70	10
Ukraine	230	155	0	10	70	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	50	50	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	260	190	0	15	50	0
Africa	665	515	80	60	10	105
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	25	25	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	15	0	0	0
Egypt	370	280	15	65	10	45
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	45	50	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	25	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	175	135	35	0	0	40
Asia	11,720	8,920	25	175	2,595	115
Afghanistan	120	90	0	0	30	0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0	0	10
China^Footnote 63	4,990	2,965	10	40	1,975	25
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	215	185	0	10	30	0
India	285	240	0	0	40	0
Iran^Footnote 65	3,865	3,310	10	120	425	75
Iraq	160	130	0	0	25	0
Israel	175	170	0	0	10	0
Japan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	395	350	0	10	45	10
Lebanon	40	40	0	0	0	0
Nepal	25	20	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	335	330	0	10	0	0
Philippines	680	675	10	0	0	10
Saudi Arabia	25	25	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	70	65	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	20	15	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	40	35	0	0	0	0
Turkey	25	10	0	0	10	0
United Arab Emirates	35	35	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	180	165	0	0	10	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	193,805	177,810	1,390	2,920	11,685	2,850
First generation^Footnote 71	115,230	102,095	650	1,960	10,530	1,625
Second generation^Footnote 72	52,345	50,060	210	930	1,145	675
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	26,230	25,650	530	35	10	550
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	93,265	81,485	460	1,730	9,590	1,325
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	61,155	56,315	330	1,400	3,115	1,030
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	23,090	21,270	105	390	1,325	295
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	38,065	35,040	230	1,005	1,790	730
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	21,420	15,645	95	155	5,530	165
Refugees^Footnote 79	9,220	8,385	25	125	685	85
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	1,470	1,145	10	55	250	40
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	193,805	177,810	1,390	2,920	11,685	2,850
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	116,220	104,015	460	1,905	9,835	1,410
South Asian^Footnote 83	14,965	14,410	25	175	355	110
Chinese	56,915	48,560	145	730	7,485	505
Black	3,875	3,705	110	55	10	135
Filipino	3,795	3,790	0	0	0	10
Latin American	1,645	1,540	0	55	50	30
Arab	3,575	3,210	60	200	110	160
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	1,455	1,305	30	25	95	45
West Asian^Footnote 85	20,165	18,360	45	535	1,225	315
Korean	5,435	4,940	0	50	445	25
Japanese	630	620	0	0	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	740	715	0	10	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	3,015	2,860	35	75	45	75
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	77,585	73,795	935	1,015	1,845	1,440
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	193,800	177,805	1,390	2,920	11,680	2,850
North American Aboriginal origins	925	875	55	0	0	50
First Nations (North American Indian)	700	655	45	0	0	45
Inuit	20	20	0	0	0	0
Métis	220	205	15	0	0	15
Other North American origins	14,955	14,385	325	95	155	370
Acadian	60	50	10	0	0	10
American	880	865	0	10	0	10
Canadian	14,230	13,680	310	80	150	350
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	25	30	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	25	20	10	0	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	72,255	69,130	765	815	1,545	1,170
British Isles origins	22,220	22,010	160	35	15	175
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	12,500	12,415	75	0	10	75
Irish	8,625	8,540	65	25	0	75
Manx	15	15	0	0	0	0
Scottish	8,815	8,770	25	15	0	35
Welsh	910	900	10	0	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	2,325	2,305	0	10	0	0
French origins	3,975	3,340	585	45	10	610
Alsatian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	3,955	3,320	585	40	0	610
Western European origins (except French origins)	7,910	7,760	65	60	20	100
Austrian	765	735	0	20	0	15
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	150	125	20	10	0	20
Dutch	1,850	1,835	15	0	0	15
Flemish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5,440	5,355	30	35	20	50
Luxembourger	15	15	0	0	0	0
Swiss	295	265	30	0	0	35
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,405	1,365	15	10	20	20
Danish	255	230	20	10	0	15
Finnish	410	400	0	0	10	0
Icelandic	40	45	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	330	335	0	0	0	0
Swedish	405	395	0	0	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	75	75	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	22,725	21,095	95	580	955	385
Bulgarian	180	175	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	890	800	0	25	65	15
Czech	280	275	0	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	110	110	0	0	0	0
Estonian	185	190	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,840	1,800	0	25	20	10
Latvian	315	290	0	10	15	0
Lithuanian	715	710	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	300	285	10	10	0	15
Polish	6,120	5,925	45	50	95	70
Romanian	2,695	2,420	15	160	100	95
Russian	10,460	9,445	30	340	640	205
Slovak	320	315	10	10	0	10
Ukrainian	5,095	4,715	0	95	275	55
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	170	170	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	28,800	28,035	175	165	430	260
Albanian	355	305	0	15	35	10
Bosnian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	710	695	15	0	10	10
Cypriot	100	100	0	0	0	0
Greek	4,250	4,135	15	35	70	30
Italian	19,210	18,755	110	85	265	150
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	1,055	1,035	0	10	15	10
Maltese	230	230	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	25	20	0	0	0	10
Portuguese	2,405	2,380	10	0	25	10
Serbian	655	635	0	20	10	10
Sicilian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	300	300	0	0	0	0
Spanish	1,695	1,620	35	30	15	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	120	115	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	4,475	4,040	25	130	280	90
Basque	25	25	0	0	0	0
Jewish	4,200	3,790	25	110	280	80
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	40	35	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	215	210	0	10	0	0
Caribbean origins	3,675	3,630	10	30	10	20
Antiguan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	230	210	0	15	0	10
Bermudan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Carib	25	25	0	0	0	0
Cuban	80	70	0	0	0	10
Dominican	50	40	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	65	70	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	40	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	2,095	2,095	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	15	0	0	0	10
St. Lucian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	490	480	10	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	80	80	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	500	500	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	115	115	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,235	3,105	10	90	30	50
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	55	50	0	0	0	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	220	185	0	35	0	15
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	170	170	0	0	0	0
Chilean	190	185	0	0	0	0
Colombian	495	480	0	15	0	10
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	345	345	0	0	0	10
Guatemalan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	500	495	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	60	60	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexican	350	330	0	15	10	0
Nicaraguan	50	40	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	230	220	0	10	0	0
Salvadorean	130	135	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	30	35	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	220	200	0	15	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	255	245	0	10	0	0
African origins	5,385	4,890	205	230	60	320
Central and West African origins	530	460	45	30	0	55
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	60	30	0	30	0	15
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	55	50	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	30	0	30	0	0	30
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	270	270	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	20	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	45	45	0	0	0	0
North African origins	2,525	2,240	95	150	45	170
Algerian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	130	120	0	0	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,970	1,730	65	140	45	135
Libyan	20	20	0	0	10	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	340	310	30	0	0	30
Sudanese	90	85	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	15	20	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	1,335	1,245	30	45	15	50
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	10	0	20	0	10
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	170	150	0	20	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	90	65	20	0	0	25
Oromo	20	20	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	205	170	10	20	10	15
South African	340	340	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	140	115	0	20	10	10
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	40	35	0	0	0	0
Zulu	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	300	295	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	1,020	975	45	0	0	50
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	110	105	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	920	875	45	0	0	50
Asian origins	114,980	102,565	400	1,970	10,045	1,385
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	30,240	27,500	160	930	1,650	625
Afghan	1,760	1,620	0	10	135	10
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	770	690	10	40	30	30
Armenian	1,610	1,455	20	95	40	65
Assyrian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	460	410	10	15	30	10
Georgian	145	125	0	10	10	0
Hazara	0	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian	21,290	19,355	45	620	1,255	360
Iraqi	885	835	0	20	25	10
Israeli	995	965	0	15	20	10
Jordanian	160	155	0	10	0	0
Kazakh	70	65	0	0	10	0
Kurd	220	200	10	10	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	25	30	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	990	865	45	50	40	70
Palestinian	370	350	0	15	0	10
Pashtun	25	20	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	290	250	25	20	0	35
Tajik	75	75	0	0	0	0
Tatar	135	140	0	0	0	0
Turk	665	560	10	35	65	30
Turkmen	40	25	15	0	0	15
Uighur	20	10	0	10	0	10
Uzbek	75	75	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	50	35	0	20	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	475	450	0	10	15	0
South Asian origins	15,200	14,695	55	165	290	135
Bangladeshi	150	150	0	0	0	0
Bengali	175	170	0	10	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	11,175	10,820	50	110	200	105
Goan	105	105	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	65	65	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	35	35	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,815	1,745	0	30	40	15
Punjabi	90	80	0	0	10	0
Sinhalese	110	110	0	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,370	1,280	0	35	55	15
Tamil	460	445	0	0	15	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	645	630	0	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	70,305	61,140	190	870	8,105	625
Burmese	45	45	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	180	140	0	0	35	0
Chinese	58,490	50,025	160	755	7,540	535
Filipino	4,245	4,225	10	10	0	0
Hmong	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	220	210	0	0	10	0
Japanese	985	935	10	30	20	20
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5,790	5,280	0	50	460	25
Laotian	65	55	0	0	10	0
Malaysian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	140	130	0	0	0	10
Singaporean	20	20	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	495	475	0	0	30	0
Thai	60	55	0	0	10	0
Tibetan	50	45	0	0	10	0
Vietnamese	1,105	975	30	30	65	45
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	95	95	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	150	145	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	150	145	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	100	100	0	0	0	0
Australian	100	105	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	161,265	147,815	1,195	1,885	10,360	2,140
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,965	16,655	165	360	3,775	350
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	37,715	34,290	235	345	2,845	410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	102,585	96,870	795	1,180	3,740	1,380
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,140	5,770	35	55	280	60
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	3,430	3,185	20	40	190	35
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	2,710	2,590	15	10	85	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	25,065	23,730	185	165	980	270
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,375	4,895	45	55	390	70
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	66,005	62,480	530	910	2,090	985
Bachelor's degree	43,515	41,275	320	490	1,430	565
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,420	4,040	35	125	220	95
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,315	2,135	10	35	135	35
Master's degree	13,780	13,190	130	210	250	230
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	1,975	1,840	35	55	50	60
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	161,265	147,820	1,195	1,890	10,360	2,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	58,685	50,945	405	705	6,625	755
Education	5,190	4,765	65	80	275	110
13. Education	5,190	4,770	70	80	270	105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,875	3,710	15	30	120	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	340	0	0	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	3,515	3,365	15	30	105	25
Humanities	5,525	5,140	80	120	180	140
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,080	920	10	40	100	35
23. English language and literature/letters	1,490	1,450	15	10	20	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,505	1,460	10	15	25	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	10	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	275	265	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	335	310	10	10	10	15
54. History	620	580	10	10	15	15
55. French language and literature/letters	220	155	20	35	10	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,475	12,025	50	115	290	110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	155	140	0	15	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	925	915	0	10	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,705	1,625	0	25	55	15
22. Legal professions and studies	1,995	1,890	10	15	80	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	190	185	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,820	1,790	20	10	0	25
45. Social sciences	5,685	5,470	10	50	150	40
Business, management and public administration	25,170	24,035	205	255	680	330
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	30	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	985	955	0	10	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	24,145	23,045	195	245	665	320
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,705	5,355	35	80	230	75
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,205	2,105	10	35	50	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,270	1,245	10	10	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	130	125	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,950	1,725	15	40	170	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	145	10	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,485	8,190	65	105	130	115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,480	6,335	35	70	45	65
25. Library science	210	195	0	0	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,640	1,500	30	30	70	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	160	165	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	20,830	19,275	140	255	1,165	265
04. Architecture and related services	1,145	1,090	0	10	35	10
14. Engineering	12,540	11,475	65	190	800	160
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,750	2,560	25	20	140	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,710	1,640	10	0	60	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,890	1,765	20	35	70	35
48. Precision production	805	730	15	0	55	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,090	975	0	10	100	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	635	545	0	10	80	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	455	430	0	0	20	10
Health and related fields	11,075	10,420	105	100	450	155
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	910	855	25	10	25	25
51. Health professions and related programs	9,580	9,025	70	85	395	115
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	585	545	10	10	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,155	2,965	35	25	130	45
12. Personal and culinary services	2,115	1,980	25	10	100	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	15	0	15	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	545	535	10	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	420	0	10	15	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	161,265	147,820	1,195	1,890	10,360	2,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,680	50,945	405	710	6,625	760
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	102,580	96,875	790	1,180	3,740	1,380
Location of study inside Canada	60,090	58,905	525	550	105	800
Same as province or territory of residence	56,455	55,545	390	410	105	595
Different than province or territory of residence	3,640	3,360	135	135	0	205
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	42,490	37,965	265	630	3,630	585
United States^Footnote 130	3,125	3,055	30	35	10	45
Philippines	1,600	1,600	0	0	0	0
India	1,810	1,805	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,915	1,880	30	0	0	35
China^Footnote 132	9,245	7,125	10	20	2,090	15
France	125	40	55	30	0	70
Other	24,660	22,455	140	540	1,525	410
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	161,260	147,820	1,195	1,885	10,365	not applicable ...
In the labour force	104,920	100,925	820	1,115	2,065	not applicable ...
Employed	97,645	94,010	785	1,030	1,825	not applicable ...
Unemployed	7,280	6,915	40	85	235	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	56,345	46,900	375	770	8,300	not applicable ...
Participation rate	65.1	68.3	68.6	59.2	19.9	not applicable ...
Employment rate	60.6	63.6	65.7	54.6	17.6	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.9	4.9	7.6	11.4	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	161,265	147,815	1,195	1,885	10,365	2,140
Did not work^Footnote 135	53,815	44,640	340	750	8,090	715
Worked	107,450	103,180	855	1,140	2,275	1,425
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	55,350	53,690	415	545	700	690
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	52,100	49,490	440	595	1,570	740
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.7	43.1	40.2	37.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	111,045	106,560	880	1,235	2,370	1,500
a.Management	15,385	14,695	195	160	335	275
00 Senior management occupations	1,915	1,840	15	30	35	30
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	6,170	5,910	125	65	70	160
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	4,985	4,725	30	55	170	60
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,320	2,220	20	10	70	25
b.Professional	30,055	29,130	240	495	180	490
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	6,750	6,545	35	105	65	90
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	10,640	10,380	35	175	50	125
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,200	1,170	0	10	10	10
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,525	2,455	25	35	0	45
40 Professional occupations in education services	4,595	4,390	100	95	10	150
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	3,025	2,945	35	40	10	55
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,320	1,245	15	30	30	30
c.Technical and paraprofessional	11,375	11,045	70	120	145	130
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	3,510	3,415	15	40	35	35
32 Technical occupations in health	1,835	1,795	10	0	30	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,540	2,465	25	30	20	40
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	305	300	10	0	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,190	3,075	20	45	55	40
d.Administration and administrative support	14,995	14,530	120	120	230	180
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	6,310	6,105	55	50	105	75
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,550	1,505	10	20	15	25
14 Office support occupations	5,725	5,570	40	40	80	60
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,410	1,350	15	15	30	20
e.Sales	13,185	12,695	70	130	285	135
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	4,815	4,690	40	40	50	60
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	5,565	5,335	10	65	160	40
66 Sales support occupations	2,805	2,680	20	25	70	35
f.Personal and customer information services	13,685	12,700	110	120	755	170
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,010	985	10	10	10	15
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,795	1,575	10	0	205	10
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,510	2,285	0	0	220	10
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,755	4,520	75	55	105	95
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,620	3,340	15	45	225	35
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,830	4,650	50	40	85	70
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,950	2,855	30	10	55	35
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,875	1,800	20	30	30	35
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,970	3,795	15	40	120	35
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,000	965	10	0	25	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,225	2,145	10	35	35	25
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	745	690	0	0	55	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	815	790	0	0	25	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	180	175	0	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	80	65	0	0	10	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	555	550	0	0	0	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,765	2,530	10	10	215	15
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	310	300	0	10	0	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	765	715	0	10	45	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	995	905	15	0	75	15
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	695	605	0	0	90	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	111,045	106,565	880	1,240	2,365	1,500
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	180	160	0	0	15	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	150	135	0	0	15	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	10	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	25	25	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	145	10	0	0	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	25	30	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	65	60	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	60	55	0	0	0	10
22 Utilities	640	630	0	0	0	10
221 Utilities	640	635	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	6,560	6,310	50	30	170	65
236 Construction of buildings	2,150	2,020	30	10	90	35
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	570	555	10	0	15	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,840	3,735	15	25	65	30
31-33 Manufacturing	8,470	8,030	65	115	255	120
311 Food manufacturing	935	875	0	20	40	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	100	105	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	40	30	0	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	20	20	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	140	120	10	0	15	10
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	30	25	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	140	115	10	0	15	10
322 Paper manufacturing	120	110	0	0	10	0
323 Printing and related support activities	560	525	0	10	20	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	60	50	10	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	895	865	0	20	0	15
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	455	445	0	0	10	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	200	200	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	120	120	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	615	600	0	10	15	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	495	470	15	10	0	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	780	750	10	15	20	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	215	195	0	10	15	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,565	1,465	25	20	50	35
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	475	450	0	0	15	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	515	490	0	0	25	0
41 Wholesale trade	5,500	5,275	55	30	135	65
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	20	20	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	45	40	0	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	680	650	0	0	30	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,115	1,075	10	0	20	15
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	250	240	0	10	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	645	620	10	0	15	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,860	1,810	15	20	20	25
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	560	535	10	0	25	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	320	295	0	0	20	10
44-45 Retail trade	13,100	12,575	70	115	340	130
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,335	1,280	10	20	30	15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	555	530	0	0	25	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	760	745	10	0	10	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	625	620	0	10	10	0
445 Food and beverage stores	2,665	2,475	15	20	155	20
446 Health and personal care stores	1,990	1,925	10	15	40	15
447 Gasoline stations	220	205	10	0	10	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,785	1,740	10	10	25	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	525	510	15	10	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,455	1,420	0	20	10	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	735	690	0	15	25	15
454 Non-store retailers	445	430	0	0	10	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,625	3,475	30	75	45	65
481 Air transportation	245	235	10	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	110	105	0	0	10	0
483 Water transportation	45	45	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	850	805	0	10	30	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	965	925	0	25	0	15
486 Pipeline transportation	25	25	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	25	25	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	560	535	10	25	0	20
491 Postal service	260	255	0	0	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	370	365	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	170	160	10	10	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	3,285	3,205	35	35	20	50
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	880	845	10	15	0	20
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	370	360	0	0	10	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	295	295	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	1,220	1,190	15	15	0	25
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	200	185	10	0	10	10
519 Other information services	325	330	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	9,930	9,660	75	135	65	140
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,530	5,405	35	75	15	70
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,750	1,685	10	25	30	20
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,555	2,465	35	35	20	50
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	95	95	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,265	4,115	0	35	110	25
531 Real estate	4,090	3,945	10	30	110	20
532 Rental and leasing services	160	160	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	15	15	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,915	14,375	105	195	235	205
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,915	14,380	105	200	235	200
55 Management of companies and enterprises	210	200	10	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	210	200	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,975	3,800	20	30	125	35
561 Administrative and support services	3,870	3,695	20	35	125	35
562 Waste management and remediation services	105	105	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	8,925	8,585	155	145	45	225
611 Educational services	8,925	8,585	150	145	45	225
62 Health care and social assistance	10,120	9,740	70	95	210	115
621 Ambulatory health care services	4,890	4,760	35	45	50	60
622 Hospitals	2,230	2,195	10	10	10	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	950	915	10	10	20	20
624 Social assistance	2,045	1,875	10	25	135	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,300	2,220	15	40	25	30
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	675	630	10	25	15	15
712 Heritage institutions	25	25	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,600	1,565	10	15	0	15
72 Accommodation and food services	6,100	5,635	50	70	350	80
721 Accommodation services	520	500	0	0	10	0
722 Food services and drinking places	5,580	5,130	50	65	340	80
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,700	4,420	30	35	215	45
811 Repair and maintenance	1,160	1,110	10	15	25	15
812 Personal and laundry services	1,820	1,710	15	15	80	25
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,135	1,125	0	0	0	0
814 Private households	585	475	0	0	105	10
91 Public administration	4,100	4,000	50	55	0	75
911 Federal government public administration	1,050	1,010	30	15	0	35
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,030	1,005	10	15	0	20
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,000	1,970	15	20	0	20
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	97,645	94,010	780	1,025	1,825	1,295
Worked at home	9,995	9,415	85	100	395	135
Worked outside Canada	1,040	910	0	10	120	0
No fixed workplace address	10,725	10,235	65	130	295	130
Worked at usual place	75,885	73,450	630	790	1,015	1,025
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	111,045	106,560	880	1,240	2,365	1,500
English	100,975	98,855	670	990	455	1,170
French	330	165	115	45	0	140
Non-official language	5,355	3,550	0	25	1,780	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5,355	3,550	10	20	1,780	15
English and French	530	340	80	110	0	130
English and non-official language	3,815	3,620	10	50	135	35
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	25	0	10	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	111,045	106,565	880	1,235	2,370	1,500
None	98,140	94,710	600	930	1,905	1,060
English	2,510	2,140	85	60	220	115
French	900	590	185	120	0	250
Non-official language	9,265	8,940	10	95	230	55
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	9,270	8,935	10	100	225	55
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	130	115	0	10	15	0
French and non-official language	105	75	0	25	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	75,885	73,450	630	790	1,020	1,025
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,885	16,385	130	160	210	210
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	23,285	22,430	170	230	455	285
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	35,605	34,525	330	395	355	525
Commute to a different province or territory	110	110	0	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	86,610	83,685	700	915	1,310	1,155
Car, truck, van - as a driver	65,225	63,100	525	685	915	865
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,960	4,730	20	35	185	35
Public transit	13,180	12,765	130	160	130	205
Walked	2,120	2,025	10	25	55	20
Bicycle	230	225	10	0	0	15
Other method	895	840	0	15	30	15
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	86,610	83,685	695	915	1,310	1,160
Less than 15 minutes	10,725	10,395	65	115	150	120
15 to 29 minutes	22,175	21,325	185	245	415	305
30 to 44 minutes	23,030	22,160	155	225	490	270
45 to 59 minutes	12,125	11,760	125	135	105	195
60 minutes and over	18,555	18,045	165	195	150	265
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	86,610	83,685	700	915	1,310	1,160
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,115	3,020	25	20	55	35
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,235	11,870	115	100	145	165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	24,825	24,115	270	245	195	390
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	21,660	20,945	140	285	290	285
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15,015	14,320	80	170	445	165
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,765	9,415	65	105	175	120
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	192,255	176,625	1,385	2,910	11,340	2,840
Non-movers	170,870	157,575	1,200	2,600	9,495	2,500
Movers	21,385	19,045	190	310	1,840	340
Non-migrants	10,700	9,715	110	155	715	185
Migrants	10,685	9,330	80	155	1,125	155
Internal migrants	7,045	6,455	60	115	415	120
Intraprovincial migrants	6,435	5,910	60	90	380	105
Interprovincial migrants	610	550	0	30	35	10
External migrants	3,640	2,875	20	35	710	35
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	185,270	170,530	1,360	2,875	10,500	2,800
Non-movers	118,035	110,135	910	1,705	5,285	1,760
Movers	67,240	60,395	450	1,170	5,215	1,035
Non-migrants	31,380	28,845	190	505	1,845	445
Migrants	35,855	31,555	260	665	3,375	590
Internal migrants	21,500	19,940	135	365	1,055	325
Intraprovincial migrants	20,025	18,690	120	270	945	260
Interprovincial migrants	1,470	1,250	20	95	110	65
External migrants	14,355	11,615	120	300	2,320	275

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Richmond Hill, T

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.4%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.