Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Toronto

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	2,691,665	2,498,185	38,340	24,830	130,305	50,760
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,340	24,830	130,300	50,760
0 to 14 years	396,875	373,855	4,160	4,960	13,905	6,640
0 to 4 years	135,545	121,440	1,415	675	12,015	1,750
5 to 9 years	134,645	130,275	1,550	1,545	1,280	2,320
10 to 14 years	126,685	122,135	1,200	2,745	605	2,570
15 to 64 years	1,892,745	1,788,935	28,685	17,380	57,745	37,375
15 to 19 years	144,420	139,470	1,385	2,795	770	2,790
20 to 24 years	193,510	187,985	2,220	2,025	1,280	3,235
25 to 29 years	231,855	223,220	3,720	1,800	3,120	4,615
30 to 34 years	223,480	214,245	3,915	1,865	3,460	4,845
35 to 39 years	195,100	185,960	3,570	1,970	3,600	4,560
40 to 44 years	181,225	171,170	3,180	1,670	5,205	4,015
45 to 49 years	189,540	177,650	2,810	1,585	7,495	3,605
50 to 54 years	200,610	185,375	3,285	1,395	10,550	3,980
55 to 59 years	180,940	166,430	2,485	1,200	10,820	3,090
60 to 64 years	152,060	137,430	2,115	1,080	11,440	2,650
65 years and over	402,045	335,400	5,495	2,485	58,660	6,740
65 to 69 years	128,895	114,685	1,875	770	11,565	2,260
70 to 74 years	91,320	78,455	1,400	610	10,855	1,710
75 to 79 years	73,505	59,710	945	490	12,365	1,195
80 to 84 years	56,890	43,980	655	350	11,900	830
85 years and over	51,435	38,575	615	275	11,970	755
85 to 89 years	34,335	25,915	425	185	7,815	515
90 to 94 years	13,910	10,345	165	75	3,320	200
95 to 99 years	2,790	2,040	25	20	710	35
100 years and over	395	270	10	0	125	0
Average age	40.2	39.3	41.6	35.0	57.3	not applicable ...
Median age	38.9	37.9	40.3	32.4	62.1	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	2,294,785	2,124,335	34,180	19,870	116,405	44,115
Married or living common law	1,172,480	1,071,405	18,130	9,815	73,135	23,035
Married	1,002,455	909,350	13,170	8,980	70,955	17,655
Living common law	170,025	162,055	4,960	840	2,175	5,380
Not married and not living common law	1,122,310	1,052,935	16,055	10,050	43,265	21,080
Never married	794,920	767,905	11,280	8,090	7,650	15,320
Separated	67,380	62,065	1,045	395	3,880	1,240
Divorced	148,675	136,860	2,310	1,030	8,480	2,820
Widowed	111,330	86,105	1,425	545	23,255	1,695
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	2,294,785	2,124,335	34,180	19,870	116,400	44,115
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,187,225	2,025,020	32,950	17,835	111,420	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,268	53,880	71,693	44,708	18,426	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,122	31,765	43,316	26,588	16,792	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,187,505	2,025,295	32,960	17,835	111,415	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,462	42,622	53,820	36,542	17,504	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,973	29,344	38,403	25,186	16,614	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,889,200	1,779,280	29,675	15,610	64,635	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,901	56,073	74,714	46,557	15,548	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,730	32,896	44,693	27,973	9,971	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,598,725	1,461,760	21,835	12,850	102,280	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,631	6,388	6,645	5,479	10,248	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,237	1,956	2,481	1,440	11,422	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,578,755	1,504,315	25,635	13,130	35,680	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,032	54,583	71,928	46,156	20,822	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,693	34,300	46,162	30,450	16,026	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	90.7	91.4	93.9	91.1	49.0	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	74.6	75.3	78.1	76.0	36.2	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	9.3	8.6	6.1	8.8	51.1	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	2,294,785	2,124,335	34,180	19,870	116,400	44,115
Without total income	107,565	99,315	1,230	2,040	4,980	2,250
With total income	2,187,220	2,025,025	32,950	17,830	111,420	41,870
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.3	96.4	89.7	95.7	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	388,570	352,830	4,260	4,295	27,180	6,405
$10,000 to $19,999	411,160	354,360	4,555	3,240	49,000	6,180
$20,000 to $29,999	290,575	265,375	3,415	1,970	19,815	4,405
$30,000 to $39,999	221,510	208,775	3,125	1,750	7,855	4,000
$40,000 to $49,999	188,475	180,350	3,200	1,360	3,570	3,875
$50,000 to $59,999	144,180	138,985	2,645	1,100	1,455	3,200
$60,000 to $69,999	114,910	110,860	2,265	885	900	2,710
$70,000 to $79,999	89,780	86,660	1,860	660	595	2,195
$80,000 to $89,999	69,855	67,455	1,435	525	435	1,700
$90,000 to $99,999	58,175	56,210	1,250	510	200	1,505
$100,000 and over	210,025	203,165	4,930	1,525	410	5,695
$100,000 to $149,999	119,805	115,885	2,575	1,035	305	3,090
$150,000 and over	90,220	87,275	2,355	495	100	2,600
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	2,294,790	2,124,335	34,180	19,870	116,405	44,115
Without after-tax income	107,280	99,040	1,220	2,035	4,985	2,240
With after-tax income	2,187,505	2,025,290	32,960	17,835	111,420	41,880
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.3	96.4	89.8	95.7	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	395,110	358,990	4,430	4,335	27,360	6,600
$10,000 to $19,999	426,410	368,780	4,680	3,320	49,635	6,335
$20,000 to $29,999	328,990	301,695	4,060	2,220	21,020	5,170
$30,000 to $39,999	263,555	249,795	4,025	2,080	7,650	5,065
$40,000 to $49,999	212,585	204,420	3,660	1,535	2,965	4,430
$50,000 to $59,999	155,320	149,670	3,170	1,245	1,230	3,795
$60,000 to $69,999	112,450	108,565	2,235	850	795	2,665
$70,000 to $79,999	83,855	81,005	1,850	680	325	2,185
$80,000 and over	209,235	202,380	4,840	1,575	440	5,625
$80,000 to $89,999	57,850	55,955	1,185	555	155	1,460
$90,000 to $99,999	34,400	33,230	780	285	105	925
$100,000 and over	116,985	113,200	2,875	730	175	3,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	2,294,790	2,124,335	34,185	19,870	116,405	44,120
Without employment income	716,035	620,020	8,545	6,740	80,725	11,920
With employment income	1,578,755	1,504,310	25,635	13,130	35,675	32,200
Percentage with employment income	68.8	70.8	75.0	66.1	30.6	73.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	201,560	191,505	2,850	2,185	5,020	3,940
$5,000 to $9,999	131,820	123,145	1,460	1,165	6,045	2,045
$10,000 to $19,999	220,130	205,700	2,540	1,935	9,945	3,510
$20,000 to $29,999	176,155	166,245	2,225	1,215	6,465	2,835
$30,000 to $39,999	157,490	150,405	2,115	1,235	3,735	2,735
$40,000 to $49,999	142,310	136,705	2,500	1,140	1,975	3,065
$50,000 to $59,999	112,875	109,075	2,110	815	880	2,515
$60,000 to $69,999	90,730	87,560	1,890	755	520	2,265
$70,000 to $79,999	72,085	69,600	1,465	540	475	1,740
$80,000 and over	273,600	264,370	6,470	2,140	615	7,540
$80,000 to $89,999	57,350	55,405	1,250	455	240	1,475
$90,000 to $99,999	50,775	49,105	1,120	415	145	1,325
$100,000 and over	165,470	159,855	4,105	1,275	235	4,740
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	2,294,790	2,124,335	34,180	19,870	116,400	44,115
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	726,575	697,685	12,700	5,315	10,870	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	55,246	55,648	66,851	57,874	26,643	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	78,643	79,075	98,321	74,006	30,200	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	2,691,665	2,498,185	38,340	24,830	130,305	50,755
English only	2,313,175	2,313,170	0	0	0	0
French only	2,560	0	2,560	0	0	2,560
English and French	244,050	183,495	35,740	24,820	0	48,145
Neither English nor French	131,885	1,525	45	10	130,305	55
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,340	24,830	130,305	50,760
English	1,732,600	1,715,480	17,115	0	0	17,115
French	16,110	895	15,215	0	0	15,215
Non-official language	700,035	547,580	1,710	20,445	130,305	11,930
Aboriginal	50	55	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	699,985	547,530	1,710	20,445	130,305	11,935
English and French	6,195	1,935	2,120	2,135	0	3,185
English and non-official language	231,115	230,650	465	0	0	465
French and non-official language	1,315	255	1,060	0	0	1,060
English, French and non-official language	4,295	1,385	660	2,250	0	1,785
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	2,691,665	2,498,185	38,340	24,830	130,305	50,760
None	2,049,705	1,899,350	18,515	11,910	119,925	24,470
English	269,675	247,820	7,500	9,835	4,520	12,420
French	27,155	18,455	8,260	405	35	8,465
Non-official language	332,935	323,360	2,825	1,065	5,685	3,360
Aboriginal	315	315	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	332,625	323,045	2,830	1,065	5,685	3,360
English and French	1,735	285	100	1,340	15	775
English and non-official language	6,105	5,175	640	175	115	730
French and non-official language	4,245	3,730	490	15	0	500
English, French and non-official language	110	20	10	75	10	45
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,345	24,830	130,305	50,755
English	1,370,485	1,370,390	95	0	0	95
French	33,965	1,830	32,135	0	0	32,135
Non-official language	1,184,020	1,028,960	2,835	21,925	130,305	13,795
Aboriginal	295	290	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,183,730	1,028,670	2,835	21,925	130,300	13,795
English and French	7,435	4,965	500	1,970	0	1,485
English and non-official language	90,010	89,985	20	0	0	20
French and non-official language	3,200	570	2,630	0	0	2,630
English, French and non-official language	2,555	1,480	130	940	0	600
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,340	24,830	130,305	50,760
Official languages	2,559,780	2,496,665	38,295	24,820	0	50,705
English	2,557,220	2,496,665	35,740	24,820	0	48,150
French	246,605	183,490	38,295	24,820	0	50,705
Non-official languages	1,464,760	1,296,715	14,345	23,395	130,300	26,040
Aboriginal languages	795	780	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,464,025	1,295,985	14,340	23,400	130,305	26,040
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,340	24,830	130,305	50,760
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	23,065	22,270	760	35	0	780
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	21,925	21,215	685	20	0	695
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	14,380	14,180	180	10	0	190
Métis	7,270	6,760	500	10	0	505
Inuk (Inuit)	280	275	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	500	420	65	10	0	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	640	630	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,668,600	2,475,920	37,580	24,795	130,305	49,980
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,345	24,830	130,300	50,760
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	7,965	7,830	120	10	0	125
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,683,700	2,490,360	38,220	24,815	130,300	50,630
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,345	24,830	130,305	50,760
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	4,215	4,110	105	0	0	105
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	4,125	4,035	95	0	0	95
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	3,330	3,300	35	0	0	30
Métis single ancestry	705	640	65	0	0	60
Inuit single ancestry	90	90	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	90	80	15	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	65	55	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	31,415	29,780	1,485	125	15	1,550
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	30,560	29,020	1,420	100	15	1,470
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	23,360	22,425	855	65	15	885
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,890	6,285	565	35	0	585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	315	305	0	0	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	850	760	65	25	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	770	685	60	25	0	75
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	65	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	2,656,035	2,464,295	36,750	24,705	130,285	49,100
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,345	24,830	130,305	50,760
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	2,296,370	2,161,235	31,935	19,915	83,280	41,895
Canadian citizens only	2,077,280	1,962,970	27,390	13,825	73,095	34,300
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	219,080	198,265	4,545	6,095	10,180	7,595
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	395,295	336,955	6,400	4,915	47,025	8,860
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,345	24,830	130,305	50,760
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	1,332,085	1,291,985	21,715	6,905	11,480	25,170
Immigrants^Footnote 42	1,266,000	1,122,585	14,565	17,010	111,835	23,075
Before 1981	294,065	266,245	2,930	2,150	22,740	4,005
1981 to 1990	171,565	151,520	1,485	1,790	16,770	2,380
1991 to 2000	281,875	250,450	2,390	3,600	25,430	4,190
2001 to 2010	330,550	292,955	4,410	6,415	26,775	7,615
2001 to 2005	162,775	145,015	1,685	2,990	13,080	3,180
2006 to 2010	167,780	147,935	2,725	3,425	13,695	4,435
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	187,945	161,410	3,360	3,050	20,130	4,885
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	93,575	83,615	2,060	915	6,985	2,515
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	1,266,000	1,122,585	14,570	17,010	111,840	23,070
Under 5 years	96,800	91,955	1,035	1,920	1,885	2,000
5 to 14 years	205,915	198,485	2,190	3,525	1,720	3,950
15 to 24 years	270,470	252,560	2,850	2,505	12,555	4,100
25 to 44 years	558,625	494,865	7,365	7,805	48,595	11,265
45 years and over	134,190	84,720	1,130	1,255	47,085	1,755
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	1,266,000	1,122,585	14,565	17,010	111,840	23,070
Americas	212,010	202,970	1,455	2,645	4,940	2,775
Brazil	7,025	6,285	40	375	320	230
Colombia	8,710	7,575	45	395	695	245
El Salvador	6,960	6,085	10	60	800	40
Guyana	34,495	34,470	10	0	15	10
Haiti	1,850	530	880	385	60	1,075
Jamaica	45,075	45,050	10	0	15	10
Mexico	7,225	6,615	40	375	195	230
Peru	3,870	3,470	15	110	275	70
Trinidad and Tobago	19,640	19,620	10	0	0	15
United States^Footnote 47	24,530	24,110	200	175	50	285
Other places of birth in Americas	52,630	49,165	185	765	2,515	570
Europe	298,270	261,485	5,070	5,275	26,450	7,705
Bosnia and Herzegovina	5,125	4,785	10	110	230	60
Croatia	4,675	4,435	10	50	180	35
France	4,590	980	3,510	90	10	3,555
Germany	11,085	10,810	85	155	40	160
Greece	19,235	17,115	0	105	2,010	60
Hungary	7,860	7,090	10	85	670	55
Ireland^Footnote 48	4,625	4,605	20	0	0	20
Italy	45,515	37,170	155	360	7,830	335
Netherlands	2,690	2,635	15	30	10	35
Poland	21,365	19,645	65	230	1,420	185
Portugal	38,575	29,230	175	425	8,750	385
Romania	12,875	10,865	145	1,305	560	800
Russian Federation	16,225	14,385	65	525	1,250	325
Serbia^Footnote 49	8,525	7,785	15	350	375	190
Ukraine	15,780	14,080	25	330	1,345	190
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	40,295	40,150	70	65	10	100
Other places of birth in Europe	39,230	35,725	690	1,060	1,755	1,220
Africa	77,450	66,875	6,615	2,345	1,620	7,785
Algeria	770	225	405	140	10	470
Egypt	6,625	5,575	470	400	175	670
Ethiopia	9,080	8,765	50	110	150	110
Kenya	4,880	4,815	10	10	50	10
Morocco	1,850	655	895	285	20	1,040
Nigeria	7,605	7,540	20	25	25	30
Somalia	9,020	8,235	115	110	565	170
South Africa, Republic of	5,560	5,505	10	30	20	25
Other places of birth in Africa	32,060	25,560	4,650	1,240	615	5,265
Asia	674,495	587,505	1,425	6,750	78,820	4,800
Afghanistan	12,740	11,080	15	155	1,495	90
Bangladesh	25,095	24,085	0	295	715	150
China^Footnote 51	131,480	88,470	100	935	41,975	565
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	38,825	35,175	15	200	3,440	110
India	79,225	73,675	40	440	5,060	260
Iran^Footnote 53	36,440	33,185	150	1,225	1,880	765
Iraq	11,135	8,980	20	100	2,035	70
Japan	3,985	3,810	10	20	145	10
Korea, South^Footnote 54	26,835	23,255	30	260	3,295	155
Lebanon	6,010	4,435	505	820	255	915
Pakistan	34,755	33,155	15	240	1,345	130
Philippines	118,775	117,790	35	230	725	150
Sri Lanka	52,905	48,660	65	285	3,890	205
Syria^Footnote 55	5,575	4,175	80	210	1,110	185
Taiwan	7,695	6,880	0	70	745	40
Viet Nam	30,580	22,655	125	330	7,470	285
Other places of birth in Asia	52,455	48,045	225	950	3,230	700
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	3,780	3,755	0	0	20	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	187,945	161,415	3,360	3,050	20,125	4,885
Americas	23,850	21,790	440	655	960	765
Brazil	1,915	1,655	15	110	135	70
Colombia	1,430	1,175	10	70	180	40
Cuba	775	630	0	30	110	20
Haiti	675	195	290	155	35	370
Jamaica	3,525	3,525	0	0	0	0
Mexico	2,065	1,875	10	100	85	55
United States^Footnote 58	4,015	3,895	50	45	30	70
Venezuela^Footnote 59	1,055	960	10	55	30	35
Other places of birth in Americas	8,390	7,875	60	95	355	105
Europe	20,265	16,095	1,230	625	2,325	1,535
France	1,145	90	1,045	10	10	1,050
Germany	625	580	0	20	15	20
Ireland^Footnote 60	1,215	1,200	15	0	0	15
Moldova^Footnote 61	400	315	0	50	30	30
Romania	860	635	10	100	120	60
Russian Federation	2,290	1,905	0	90	295	50
Ukraine	1,930	1,575	15	55	285	40
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	2,115	2,105	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	9,680	7,695	125	285	1,570	270
Africa	13,295	10,915	1,530	445	410	1,750
Algeria	130	50	50	25	0	65
Cameroon	555	240	305	10	0	310
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	330	65	230	40	0	245
Côte d'Ivoire	170	15	150	0	0	150
Egypt	1,345	1,190	40	85	40	80
Eritrea	970	865	0	0	100	0
Ethiopia	1,560	1,490	0	15	50	10
Morocco	215	110	80	25	0	95
Nigeria	2,550	2,530	10	0	0	10
Somalia	1,010	915	0	0	95	0
South Africa, Republic of	400	370	10	10	15	10
Tunisia	80	20	45	15	0	55
Other places of birth in Africa	3,985	3,050	625	210	100	725
Asia	129,690	111,780	165	1,325	16,425	830
Afghanistan	3,170	2,615	0	25	525	15
Bangladesh	5,795	5,485	0	45	265	20
China^Footnote 63	23,195	14,295	20	145	8,735	95
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	640	595	0	0	40	0
India	20,095	18,855	15	90	1,135	60
Iran^Footnote 65	10,935	9,690	25	430	785	235
Iraq	3,715	2,495	0	0	1,210	0
Israel	585	570	0	0	15	0
Japan	740	730	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	2,930	2,585	10	40	300	25
Lebanon	615	380	30	125	80	90
Nepal	1,575	1,500	0	15	55	10
Pakistan	6,730	6,270	0	40	410	20
Philippines	31,725	31,495	0	70	160	35
Saudi Arabia	865	820	15	25	10	25
Sri Lanka	4,355	3,795	10	15	540	15
Syria^Footnote 67	3,260	2,130	25	115	990	85
Taiwan	330	290	0	10	30	0
Turkey	1,675	1,365	10	60	240	40
United Arab Emirates	940	910	0	10	20	10
Viet Nam	1,375	985	0	20	365	15
Other places of birth in Asia	4,460	3,920	15	45	485	40
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	850	835	0	0	10	0
Australia	660	655	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	185	180	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	2,691,665	2,498,185	38,340	24,830	130,305	50,755
First generation^Footnote 71	1,377,465	1,223,150	17,035	18,075	119,210	26,070
Second generation^Footnote 72	740,180	716,905	6,275	6,130	10,860	9,345
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	574,020	558,130	15,035	625	235	15,345
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	988,325	870,335	11,795	14,995	91,195	19,295
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	475,155	438,880	6,240	9,880	20,150	11,180
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	201,860	185,305	3,410	3,985	9,165	5,400
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	273,295	253,580	2,835	5,895	10,990	5,780
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	320,945	267,095	2,680	2,460	48,710	3,910
Refugees^Footnote 79	176,120	151,245	2,585	2,465	19,830	3,815
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	16,105	13,115	290	190	2,510	390
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	2,691,665	2,498,190	38,345	24,830	130,305	50,755
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	1,385,850	1,262,765	12,450	13,730	96,915	19,315
South Asian^Footnote 83	338,965	321,320	740	2,870	14,035	2,180
Chinese	299,465	240,000	765	2,395	56,305	1,960
Black	239,850	228,575	7,765	1,900	1,610	8,720
Filipino	152,715	151,475	110	310	820	265
Latin American	77,165	70,010	325	1,795	5,035	1,220
Arab	36,030	30,250	1,335	1,380	3,055	2,025
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	41,645	36,375	305	520	4,450	565
West Asian^Footnote 85	60,325	54,195	200	1,450	4,470	930
Korean	41,635	36,915	70	415	4,240	275
Japanese	13,415	13,010	30	55	320	60
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	36,975	35,745	330	220	680	440
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	47,675	44,890	470	420	1,890	680
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	1,305,815	1,235,425	25,895	11,100	33,390	31,445
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	2,691,665	2,498,185	38,345	24,830	130,305	50,760
North American Aboriginal origins	35,630	33,890	1,595	125	20	1,660
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,605	26,550	960	90	15	1,000
Inuit	515	505	10	0	0	10
Métis	8,460	7,695	705	60	0	740
Other North American origins	345,705	333,260	9,630	1,200	1,615	10,230
Acadian	2,315	1,890	425	0	0	430
American	27,475	27,170	190	90	25	240
Canadian	323,175	311,575	8,900	1,095	1,595	9,450
New Brunswicker	50	50	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,430	1,425	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	330	330	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	380	355	15	10	0	25
Québécois	880	530	335	10	0	345
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	150	145	0	0	0	0
European origins	1,288,855	1,223,225	23,265	10,475	31,890	28,495
British Isles origins	597,295	591,290	5,105	660	245	5,435
Channel Islander	180	175	10	0	0	10
Cornish	155	150	0	0	0	10
English	331,895	329,555	1,860	335	150	2,025
Irish	262,965	260,015	2,595	275	80	2,735
Manx	435	420	0	10	0	15
Scottish	256,255	254,310	1,710	185	45	1,805
Welsh	28,205	28,050	135	30	0	145
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	52,905	52,475	335	70	25	370
French origins	122,870	103,215	18,405	1,060	200	18,930
Alsatian	260	245	15	0	0	15
Breton	45	15	20	0	0	20
Corsican	35	20	20	0	0	20
French	122,610	102,970	18,385	1,055	195	18,915
Western European origins (except French origins)	187,195	183,170	2,625	1,055	345	3,155
Austrian	16,145	15,800	180	135	30	250
Bavarian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Belgian	4,895	4,200	640	50	0	660
Dutch	41,650	41,170	315	120	55	370
Flemish	465	440	15	15	0	20
Frisian	230	235	0	0	0	0
German	130,895	128,605	1,295	730	265	1,660
Luxembourger	130	115	10	0	0	10
Swiss	7,630	7,035	450	130	10	520
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	340	330	0	10	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	36,720	36,335	205	150	30	280
Danish	7,575	7,520	30	20	10	40
Finnish	8,160	8,065	25	60	0	60
Icelandic	2,310	2,295	10	10	0	0
Norwegian	9,175	9,085	75	20	10	85
Swedish	10,400	10,280	55	60	10	80
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,955	1,930	20	0	0	20
Eastern European origins	302,480	288,135	2,020	4,565	7,765	4,305
Bulgarian	6,495	5,980	85	285	145	230
Byelorussian	4,085	3,830	20	105	120	75
Czech	9,500	9,235	120	75	75	155
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	2,320	2,300	0	0	0	10
Estonian	4,615	4,495	15	80	30	55
Hungarian	33,700	31,890	220	380	1,210	410
Latvian	5,710	5,575	25	65	45	55
Lithuanian	11,675	11,505	40	90	35	85
Moldovan	1,265	1,095	0	90	80	50
Polish	114,535	111,150	780	760	1,840	1,160
Romanian	26,255	23,895	315	1,405	640	1,015
Russian	74,465	70,720	355	1,125	2,265	920
Slovak	7,615	7,005	40	60	515	65
Ukrainian	72,345	69,280	315	985	1,760	805
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	5,205	5,140	25	30	15	40
Southern European origins	441,485	409,405	3,895	4,880	23,300	6,335
Albanian	11,120	10,075	35	245	770	155
Bosnian	2,960	2,735	15	90	120	55
Catalan	125	90	15	15	0	25
Croatian	13,675	13,230	65	175	205	155
Cypriot	1,470	1,435	10	0	20	15
Greek	57,420	54,500	320	425	2,175	535
Italian	182,495	171,085	1,880	1,210	8,320	2,480
Kosovar	275	230	0	0	40	0
Macedonian	13,320	12,810	35	105	370	90
Maltese	6,765	6,695	25	20	30	30
Montenegrin	935	860	10	35	30	25
Portuguese	100,415	89,255	620	975	9,565	1,110
Serbian	19,375	17,910	90	780	600	480
Sicilian	680	665	0	0	10	10
Slovenian	5,475	5,375	20	55	25	50
Spanish	56,815	52,880	1,080	1,405	1,450	1,780
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	3,310	3,180	10	55	65	35
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	265	235	0	15	15	10
Other European origins	42,130	40,025	580	450	1,075	805
Basque	510	395	90	20	0	105
Jewish	34,270	32,805	365	340	765	535
Roma (Gypsy)	905	720	10	0	170	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	495	475	10	0	10	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	6,320	5,990	125	75	125	165
Caribbean origins	165,735	162,495	1,840	790	615	2,230
Antiguan	1,315	1,315	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	615	605	20	0	0	15
Barbadian	9,015	8,960	20	30	0	35
Bermudan	645	645	0	0	0	10
Carib	995	990	0	10	0	0
Cuban	5,340	4,900	50	130	260	115
Dominican	3,580	3,300	10	70	195	45
Grenadian	7,370	7,370	10	0	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	3,435	1,600	1,350	420	65	1,565
Jamaican	90,065	89,745	175	105	40	225
Kittitian/Nevisian	905	900	0	0	10	0
Martinican	75	30	50	0	0	50
Montserratan	245	245	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	450	440	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	3,530	3,495	25	10	0	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20,215	20,135	70	10	0	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	6,170	6,165	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	20,315	20,165	75	25	45	90
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	7,875	7,720	120	15	10	130
Latin, Central and South American origins	113,820	106,265	680	2,220	4,655	1,790
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	4,495	4,150	65	120	165	125
Arawak	470	450	15	0	0	15
Argentinian	4,250	3,905	45	140	160	120
Belizean	185	185	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	780	700	15	45	15	35
Brazilian	8,365	7,595	50	270	450	185
Chilean	5,900	5,505	45	75	270	85
Colombian	12,230	10,865	65	505	800	315
Costa Rican	1,065	950	10	40	75	25
Ecuadorian	9,990	9,140	15	130	705	80
Guatemalan	3,115	2,920	15	30	150	25
Guyanese	26,690	26,595	60	25	10	75
Hispanic	2,150	1,955	0	50	140	30
Honduran	1,020	940	10	0	70	10
Maya	785	705	25	15	40	35
Mexican	12,090	11,120	110	480	385	350
Nicaraguan	2,330	2,195	20	25	90	30
Panamanian	895	870	0	10	10	10
Paraguayan	165	150	0	15	0	10
Peruvian	4,990	4,575	75	115	225	130
Salvadorean	9,565	8,755	40	100	680	80
Uruguayan	1,300	1,190	0	20	90	15
Venezuelan	4,215	3,865	30	215	105	140
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	5,075	4,710	35	80	260	75
African origins	146,870	133,555	8,705	2,520	2,090	9,965
Central and West African origins	31,140	26,485	3,910	550	190	4,190
Akan	460	435	15	0	0	20
Angolan	845	695	80	55	15	100
Ashanti	560	555	10	0	0	0
Beninese	235	130	110	0	0	105
Burkinabe	45	25	20	0	0	20
Cameroonian	1,570	705	800	65	0	835
Chadian	130	90	30	0	15	30
Congolese	2,630	620	1,795	215	0	1,895
Edo	495	495	0	0	0	0
Ewe	75	70	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	35	0	30	0	0	35
Gambian	435	425	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	9,965	9,805	35	40	85	60
Guinean	475	240	185	40	0	205
Ibo	665	660	10	0	10	0
Ivorian	385	105	280	0	0	280
Liberian	170	160	0	0	0	0
Malian	175	75	85	15	0	95
Malinké	165	125	30	0	0	35
Nigerian	9,745	9,690	25	10	25	30
Peulh	60	0	40	0	10	45
Senegalese	365	105	215	45	0	240
Sierra Leonean	595	560	10	15	15	15
Togolese	210	85	100	20	0	110
Wolof	45	10	25	10	0	30
Yoruba	1,105	1,090	10	15	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	1,495	1,145	295	40	15	310
North African origins	19,505	16,065	2,105	915	430	2,560
Algerian	890	360	405	120	10	465
Berber	455	215	185	50	10	210
Coptic	285	230	25	15	20	30
Dinka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	10,495	9,420	515	335	220	680
Libyan	715	680	0	0	35	0
Maure	145	135	0	10	0	0
Moroccan	4,100	2,925	850	275	45	990
Sudanese	2,310	2,160	0	40	110	20
Tunisian	550	350	145	50	0	170
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	470	325	90	40	15	110
Southern and East African origins	56,400	53,000	1,355	745	1,300	1,730
Afrikaner	190	190	0	0	0	0
Amhara	325	310	10	10	0	15
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	175	135	30	10	0	35
Burundian	475	195	215	65	0	245
Djiboutian	160	70	95	0	0	95
Eritrean	6,460	6,135	15	55	250	45
Ethiopian	13,090	12,620	105	115	240	165
Harari	395	390	0	0	10	0
Kenyan	2,150	2,135	10	10	0	15
Malagasy	85	35	35	10	0	40
Mauritian	945	425	400	115	0	460
Oromo	645	615	0	0	25	0
Rwandan	790	495	205	85	10	245
Seychellois	75	65	10	0	0	0
Somali	20,960	19,830	215	210	705	315
South African	5,435	5,375	25	25	10	40
Tanzanian	1,140	1,105	10	0	20	15
Tigrian	360	330	0	0	30	0
Ugandan	1,285	1,270	0	0	0	0
Zambian	170	165	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	1,030	1,015	0	10	10	10
Zulu	135	130	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	3,275	3,135	55	35	60	70
Other African origins	41,955	39,900	1,510	380	170	1,700
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	6,535	6,350	145	25	15	155
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	35,855	33,930	1,410	360	160	1,585
Asian origins	1,079,290	971,170	4,775	11,200	92,145	10,375
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	152,050	134,870	2,140	4,485	10,555	4,385
Afghan	20,915	18,715	35	300	1,870	185
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	9,280	7,955	280	290	745	425
Armenian	12,265	10,155	235	905	975	680
Assyrian	3,125	2,555	15	10	545	20
Azerbaijani	1,675	1,560	10	15	90	10
Georgian	1,605	1,365	0	65	170	35
Hazara	330	315	0	0	15	0
Iranian	45,540	41,650	265	1,405	2,225	965
Iraqi	10,475	8,695	15	90	1,665	60
Israeli	6,720	6,520	75	65	60	110
Jordanian	1,480	1,455	0	10	10	0
Kazakh	635	560	0	15	55	15
Kurd	2,570	2,200	10	35	320	30
Kuwaiti	155	145	0	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	130	115	0	0	15	0
Lebanese	13,125	11,200	905	785	235	1,295
Palestinian	4,095	3,890	75	70	60	110
Pashtun	820	715	0	10	100	10
Saudi Arabian	1,120	1,000	10	10	105	10
Syrian	6,655	5,525	185	185	760	280
Tajik	780	700	0	0	75	0
Tatar	860	795	0	30	35	15
Turk	13,345	11,910	210	400	825	410
Turkmen	200	185	0	0	10	10
Uighur	365	315	0	10	40	0
Uzbek	1,025	940	10	15	60	15
Yemeni	1,405	1,330	15	15	45	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	4,210	3,760	55	120	275	120
South Asian origins	350,035	332,560	1,065	2,890	13,525	2,510
Bangladeshi	18,155	17,270	10	285	585	155
Bengali	9,460	9,075	10	145	225	80
Bhutanese	125	105	0	10	10	0
East Indian	202,675	194,045	830	1,280	6,525	1,465
Goan	1,280	1,275	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,995	1,775	0	15	205	10
Kashmiri	350	325	0	10	10	10
Nepali	3,080	2,870	25	40	145	45
Pakistani	36,135	34,380	30	315	1,415	185
Punjabi	6,200	5,750	10	55	390	30
Sinhalese	1,730	1,695	10	15	20	15
Sri Lankan	58,185	54,200	95	615	3,275	405
Tamil	20,350	18,750	40	295	1,270	185
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	18,470	17,495	40	150	780	120
East and Southeast Asian origins	586,510	512,940	1,650	3,905	68,010	3,605
Burmese	1,200	1,135	0	0	60	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,965	2,575	70	20	300	80
Chinese	332,825	271,320	1,080	2,595	57,835	2,375
Filipino	162,600	161,285	105	355	860	285
Hmong	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	2,950	2,805	20	45	80	40
Japanese	17,265	16,760	75	80	355	115
Karen	230	200	0	0	35	0
Korean	43,455	38,545	70	435	4,400	290
Laotian	1,260	1,165	30	20	45	35
Malaysian	2,875	2,800	15	0	55	20
Mongolian	1,085	1,035	0	20	35	10
Singaporean	555	555	0	0	10	0
Taiwanese	4,500	4,150	15	50	275	40
Thai	1,795	1,700	20	0	70	25
Tibetan	5,430	4,860	0	45	520	25
Vietnamese	36,840	31,350	270	420	4,800	475
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	1,375	1,285	30	20	45	40
Other Asian origins	4,600	4,330	10	60	200	40
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	4,605	4,335	10	60	200	45
Oceania origins	5,790	5,720	60	0	10	60
Australian	3,705	3,660	45	0	0	45
New Zealander	1,230	1,215	15	0	0	15
Pacific Islands origins	1,020	1,005	10	0	15	10
Fijian	465	455	0	0	10	0
Hawaiian	130	125	0	0	0	0
Maori	145	140	10	0	0	10
Samoan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	75	75	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	220	220	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	2,294,790	2,124,335	34,185	19,870	116,400	44,120
No certificate, diploma or degree	377,335	302,050	3,085	2,435	69,765	4,305
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	561,095	524,125	6,055	4,035	26,880	8,070
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,356,355	1,298,160	25,045	13,400	19,755	31,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	94,005	88,675	1,585	615	3,130	1,890
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	53,060	49,890	875	310	1,990	1,030
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	40,940	38,785	710	300	1,140	865
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	362,080	347,920	6,170	1,980	6,015	7,160
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65,015	61,060	1,325	540	2,090	1,595
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	835,255	800,500	15,965	10,270	8,520	21,100
Bachelor's degree	534,610	515,520	8,040	5,075	5,980	10,575
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	54,570	51,270	1,445	995	855	1,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	23,545	22,320	350	365	505	530
Master's degree	192,120	182,725	5,295	3,090	1,010	6,840
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	30,415	28,665	835	745	165	1,210
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	2,294,785	2,124,335	34,185	19,870	116,400	44,115
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	938,430	826,175	9,140	6,470	96,645	12,375
Education	67,335	63,470	1,520	685	1,660	1,860
13. Education	67,335	63,465	1,520	685	1,660	1,860
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	86,365	83,305	1,765	495	795	2,015
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10,300	10,035	205	20	35	215
50. Visual and performing arts	76,065	73,270	1,560	475	760	1,795
Humanities	101,435	96,000	2,490	1,530	1,420	3,255
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	12,405	10,540	800	505	560	1,045
23. English language and literature/letters	31,945	31,215	335	225	170	445
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	23,775	22,845	370	185	375	460
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	670	615	40	10	0	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	8,015	7,720	175	70	50	205
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,470	5,210	115	60	85	150
54. History	15,360	14,870	230	100	160	280
55. French language and literature/letters	3,800	2,980	430	385	10	620
Social and behavioural sciences and law	215,995	207,980	4,150	2,055	1,810	5,180
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,805	3,610	115	55	20	145
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	27,660	26,670	670	185	140	760
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	26,595	25,470	390	165	575	465
22. Legal professions and studies	38,050	36,620	775	360	290	955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	3,805	3,650	125	25	10	130
42. Psychology	29,555	28,925	380	185	65	475
45. Social sciences	86,530	83,035	1,705	1,080	720	2,240
Business, management and public administration	316,575	303,465	6,825	2,930	3,360	8,290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	610	595	15	0	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	22,580	22,000	365	165	55	450
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	293,385	280,870	6,445	2,765	3,310	7,830
Physical and life sciences and technologies	63,190	60,205	1,145	875	965	1,580
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	29,170	28,075	530	385	175	725
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	13,410	12,980	180	145	100	255
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	1,375	1,285	30	50	10	55
40. Physical sciences	17,275	16,000	360	280	635	500
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,960	1,865	40	10	35	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	76,440	73,665	1,300	810	660	1,705
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	57,245	55,365	965	590	320	1,265
25. Library science	3,700	3,560	55	30	50	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	14,350	13,635	240	180	295	330
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	1,145	1,105	35	10	0	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	203,230	192,955	2,685	2,310	5,280	3,845
04. Architecture and related services	18,005	17,200	320	305	180	475
14. Engineering	93,105	87,910	1,205	1,530	2,455	1,970
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	31,625	30,185	375	145	925	450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	85	90	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25,275	24,105	290	135	745	360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	23,110	22,050	315	140	610	385
48. Precision production	12,020	11,425	180	55	360	205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,385	13,615	235	150	390	310
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,765	7,280	115	70	305	150
03. Natural resources and conservation	6,620	6,340	115	80	85	160
Health and related fields	161,620	156,010	2,095	1,255	2,260	2,715
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	12,380	12,070	160	50	95	185
51. Health professions and related programs	142,005	137,085	1,775	1,105	2,045	2,330
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	7,240	6,860	155	100	120	205
Personal, protective and transportation services	49,585	47,290	825	310	1,160	975
12. Personal and culinary services	33,385	31,690	570	205	920	675
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	215	205	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	175	0	0	40	0
43. Security and protective services	9,480	9,255	140	50	30	165
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,290	5,960	110	55	165	140
Other	205	195	15	10	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	210	195	15	10	0	15
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	2,294,790	2,124,335	34,180	19,870	116,405	44,120
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	938,430	826,175	9,135	6,470	96,650	12,375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	1,356,355	1,298,160	25,045	13,400	19,755	31,745
Location of study inside Canada	929,295	903,320	17,725	6,385	1,865	20,915
Same as province or territory of residence	844,385	826,260	11,185	5,115	1,825	13,740
Different than province or territory of residence	84,910	77,060	6,535	1,270	35	7,175
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	427,065	394,835	7,320	7,015	17,890	10,830
United States^Footnote 130	45,380	44,245	680	400	55	880
Philippines	58,775	58,655	10	30	80	30
India	42,320	41,745	30	90	460	70
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	28,740	28,125	370	235	15	480
China^Footnote 132	35,475	27,535	20	130	7,780	90
France	4,875	1,075	3,320	470	10	3,560
Other	211,490	193,445	2,890	5,665	9,490	5,720
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	2,294,785	2,124,335	34,185	19,870	116,405	not applicable ...
In the labour force	1,483,675	1,416,640	24,510	12,780	29,745	not applicable ...
Employed	1,361,375	1,301,230	22,595	11,200	26,350	not applicable ...
Unemployed	122,305	115,405	1,915	1,580	3,395	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	811,110	707,700	9,670	7,090	86,650	not applicable ...
Participation rate	64.7	66.7	71.7	64.3	25.6	not applicable ...
Employment rate	59.3	61.3	66.1	56.4	22.6	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.1	7.8	12.4	11.4	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	2,294,790	2,124,335	34,185	19,870	116,400	44,115
Did not work^Footnote 135	791,795	688,935	9,525	7,100	86,230	13,075
Worked	1,503,000	1,435,400	24,655	12,770	30,170	31,040
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	750,555	720,270	13,065	5,565	11,650	15,850
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	752,440	715,125	11,585	7,210	18,515	15,190
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.4	43.1	39.5	40.5	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	1,559,535	1,488,570	25,460	13,445	32,065	32,185
a.Management	171,560	164,550	3,610	1,230	2,175	4,225
00 Senior management occupations	21,800	20,930	595	125	145	660
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	75,955	73,060	1,935	665	290	2,270
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	51,405	49,290	775	260	1,080	910
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	22,400	21,270	305	170	655	390
b.Professional	397,395	383,105	8,705	4,690	890	11,060
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	93,855	90,750	1,995	910	200	2,450
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	87,135	84,160	1,530	1,210	235	2,130
30 Professional occupations in nursing	17,905	17,605	190	80	25	235
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	28,880	27,995	500	335	50	665
40 Professional occupations in education services	64,875	61,535	2,085	1,145	105	2,655
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	66,620	64,510	1,360	615	135	1,665
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	38,125	36,535	1,060	400	135	1,255
c.Technical and paraprofessional	149,600	144,940	2,390	1,340	920	3,065
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	36,945	35,670	625	385	270	815
32 Technical occupations in health	21,020	20,415	245	135	235	310
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	34,140	33,080	535	355	165	715
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	3,735	3,645	65	20	0	75
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	53,770	52,135	925	455	250	1,150
d.Administration and administrative support	185,970	180,180	2,780	1,690	1,320	3,630
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	81,145	78,530	1,430	745	435	1,800
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	14,420	13,865	280	195	80	380
14 Office support occupations	64,815	62,850	875	600	485	1,175
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	25,590	24,930	195	150	315	270
e.Sales	154,100	148,500	1,965	1,125	2,510	2,525
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	43,805	42,395	800	385	225	995
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	67,480	65,055	835	505	1,085	1,090
66 Sales support occupations	42,815	41,055	325	230	1,205	440
f.Personal and customer information services	284,180	266,475	4,070	2,190	11,435	5,170
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	21,035	20,595	170	110	160	230
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	34,015	32,555	380	200	880	480
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	49,085	43,815	550	315	4,410	705
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	90,830	86,135	2,160	895	1,630	2,610
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	89,215	83,375	810	670	4,360	1,145
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	67,785	63,930	630	340	2,885	800
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	47,860	44,770	450	265	2,370	585
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	19,925	19,160	180	75	510	215
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	73,025	69,055	635	415	2,920	845
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	20,005	19,070	125	85	720	165
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	35,915	34,420	355	220	920	460
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	17,100	15,565	160	105	1,275	210
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,785	8,295	115	40	340	130
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,620	1,560	20	0	35	20
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	945	835	10	0	100	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	6,215	5,895	80	35	200	100
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	67,145	59,535	560	380	6,675	750
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	4,895	4,635	60	45	160	75
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	19,965	17,295	175	95	2,400	220
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	16,655	15,035	90	115	1,420	145
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	25,635	22,570	235	125	2,695	300
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	1,559,535	1,488,565	25,460	13,445	32,065	32,180
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,510	2,210	45	15	225	55
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	1,800	1,560	30	15	200	40
113 Forestry and logging	85	90	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	95	85	0	0	0	10
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	525	485	15	0	20	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,245	2,115	75	15	40	85
211 Oil and gas extraction	470	430	25	0	15	30
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	1,025	965	25	10	25	30
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	750	715	25	10	0	30
22 Utilities	6,320	6,185	60	50	25	85
221 Utilities	6,320	6,185	60	45	30	85
23 Construction	82,370	77,035	785	595	3,950	1,085
236 Construction of buildings	28,700	26,475	290	255	1,680	415
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	6,450	6,080	80	60	225	110
238 Specialty trade contractors	47,220	44,475	420	280	2,045	560
31-33 Manufacturing	111,680	102,490	1,225	790	7,180	1,620
311 Food manufacturing	19,210	17,280	205	125	1,595	270
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	2,520	2,415	55	25	20	65
313 Textile mills	610	480	0	10	115	10
314 Textile product mills	930	785	0	15	125	15
315 Clothing manufacturing	4,860	3,395	35	20	1,410	45
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	250	225	0	0	25	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,745	1,610	20	15	110	25
322 Paper manufacturing	2,900	2,780	25	15	85	35
323 Printing and related support activities	6,940	6,640	70	20	220	75
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	430	410	15	0	0	20
325 Chemical manufacturing	9,465	8,960	145	95	260	190
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	7,530	6,810	75	60	585	105
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	2,380	2,255	30	10	85	30
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,590	1,505	15	10	65	20
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	8,185	7,660	70	10	450	75
333 Machinery manufacturing	5,185	4,940	65	25	155	80
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	6,695	6,340	90	60	200	120
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	2,490	2,325	35	15	110	45
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	12,355	11,575	130	135	515	195
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	8,720	7,880	45	50	745	70
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	6,695	6,210	95	65	320	125
41 Wholesale trade	53,125	50,095	1,070	490	1,480	1,310
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	335	295	0	0	35	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	300	285	0	10	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	10,370	9,410	180	110	670	230
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	12,125	11,485	280	120	235	345
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	2,010	1,940	35	20	15	45
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	5,675	5,415	120	30	100	140
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	13,720	13,200	305	130	90	365
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	5,925	5,540	85	55	245	115
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	2,670	2,515	50	25	75	65
44-45 Retail trade	156,230	149,910	1,665	980	3,675	2,150
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	9,900	9,540	135	80	150	170
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	6,900	6,640	110	30	120	125
443 Electronics and appliance stores	7,145	6,945	80	35	90	100
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	7,440	7,225	90	20	105	95
445 Food and beverage stores	36,555	33,960	305	190	2,105	395
446 Health and personal care stores	16,950	16,545	145	105	150	200
447 Gasoline stations	1,865	1,815	0	15	30	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	28,495	27,490	345	205	450	445
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	7,620	7,465	90	20	45	100
452 General merchandise stores	17,965	17,540	170	140	110	245
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	9,315	8,955	115	75	175	155
454 Non-store retailers	6,080	5,785	90	60	140	125
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	61,795	59,310	1,250	500	735	1,495
481 Air transportation	6,590	5,850	605	125	10	670
482 Rail transportation	1,095	990	90	15	0	95
483 Water transportation	225	215	10	0	0	15
484 Truck transportation	9,955	9,540	70	90	245	115
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	18,735	18,230	205	125	175	265
486 Pipeline transportation	50	50	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	170	160	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	7,580	7,350	110	65	65	135
491 Postal service	5,580	5,475	55	25	30	65
492 Couriers and messengers	7,115	6,920	65	30	95	85
493 Warehousing and storage	4,700	4,535	35	20	115	45
51 Information and cultural industries	65,170	63,120	1,360	490	205	1,605
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	11,230	10,850	220	70	90	260
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	20,230	19,710	375	105	40	425
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	9,030	8,580	360	55	35	390
517 Telecommunications	15,550	15,085	280	170	10	360
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	2,795	2,715	40	20	20	50
519 Other information services	6,335	6,175	90	55	20	115
52 Finance and insurance	125,790	121,025	3,105	1,290	370	3,750
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	50	45	0	0	0	10
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	68,840	66,400	1,575	735	140	1,945
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	27,050	26,070	625	220	130	735
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	28,450	27,135	870	340	100	1,045
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	1,400	1,365	30	0	0	30
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	42,915	41,465	510	440	495	735
531 Real estate	38,950	37,645	435	420	450	645
532 Rental and leasing services	3,800	3,655	75	25	45	90
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	170	165	10	0	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	187,825	181,280	3,500	2,020	1,030	4,510
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	187,830	181,280	3,505	2,015	1,025	4,515
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,295	4,135	110	40	20	125
551 Management of companies and enterprises	4,300	4,135	105	35	15	130
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	87,835	83,065	1,300	770	2,705	1,680
561 Administrative and support services	85,970	81,250	1,275	755	2,690	1,650
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,865	1,810	25	10	20	30
61 Educational services	123,155	117,645	3,365	1,800	345	4,265
611 Educational services	123,155	117,645	3,365	1,800	345	4,265
62 Health care and social assistance	152,490	148,460	1,820	1,010	1,205	2,325
621 Ambulatory health care services	55,540	54,085	610	355	485	790
622 Hospitals	43,605	42,610	585	335	85	750
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	19,840	19,310	195	120	215	255
624 Social assistance	33,510	32,450	430	205	430	530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	41,060	39,920	650	310	170	810
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	21,425	20,740	440	160	85	520
712 Heritage institutions	2,620	2,540	45	20	15	55
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	17,015	16,645	165	130	75	235
72 Accommodation and food services	119,985	112,370	1,195	740	5,685	1,565
721 Accommodation services	15,065	14,655	135	100	175	180
722 Food services and drinking places	104,925	97,715	1,065	645	5,500	1,385
81 Other services (except public administration)	73,555	69,730	1,005	425	2,395	1,215
811 Repair and maintenance	12,205	11,510	110	55	525	140
812 Personal and laundry services	23,770	22,300	220	115	1,135	275
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	23,040	22,110	570	195	165	665
814 Private households	14,540	13,810	105	60	570	135
91 Public administration	59,185	57,020	1,365	675	125	1,705
911 Federal government public administration	14,875	14,160	440	250	25	565
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	20,655	19,665	740	230	15	850
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	23,105	22,680	180	180	70	265
914 Aboriginal public administration	55	50	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	490	465	10	15	0	20
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	1,361,375	1,301,235	22,595	11,195	26,355	28,195
Worked at home	101,280	96,545	2,110	1,000	1,625	2,610
Worked outside Canada	9,045	8,310	170	130	430	235
No fixed workplace address	156,250	147,055	2,120	1,225	5,850	2,730
Worked at usual place	1,094,805	1,049,320	18,195	8,845	18,445	22,615
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	1,559,540	1,488,570	25,460	13,445	32,065	32,180
English	1,469,910	1,430,690	19,150	10,685	9,385	24,495
French	6,260	2,510	3,290	445	10	3,515
Non-official language	46,815	25,825	75	425	20,480	290
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	46,810	25,820	80	425	20,480	290
English and French	8,130	4,080	2,755	1,290	10	3,400
English and non-official language	27,800	25,120	90	415	2,180	300
French and non-official language	35	15	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	590	320	90	175	0	180
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	1,559,535	1,488,565	25,460	13,445	32,065	32,180
None	1,428,870	1,378,980	15,205	9,855	24,835	20,130
English	22,480	16,375	2,200	595	3,310	2,495
French	27,835	18,935	7,415	1,480	10	8,160
Non-official language	77,850	72,450	345	1,200	3,850	940
Aboriginal	110	110	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	77,740	72,345	345	1,195	3,855	945
English and French	55	35	0	20	0	10
English and non-official language	445	345	30	15	55	35
French and non-official language	1,975	1,420	270	285	0	405
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	10	0	10
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,094,805	1,049,320	18,195	8,845	18,445	22,620
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	884,040	848,925	15,395	7,060	12,660	18,925
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	208,165	197,980	2,720	1,730	5,735	3,585
Commute to a different province or territory	2,605	2,415	85	60	50	110
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	1,251,055	1,196,375	20,315	10,070	24,295	25,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	575,260	551,770	7,610	4,280	11,600	9,755
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	57,170	52,045	610	505	4,015	860
Public transit	463,005	443,705	8,320	4,245	6,730	10,445
Walked	107,665	103,160	2,385	745	1,380	2,760
Bicycle	34,355	32,800	1,045	195	310	1,140
Other method	13,605	12,900	345	105	265	395
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	1,251,055	1,196,375	20,315	10,070	24,300	25,350
Less than 15 minutes	152,755	146,510	2,305	1,000	2,935	2,805
15 to 29 minutes	354,570	339,435	6,255	2,565	6,315	7,535
30 to 44 minutes	359,230	342,975	5,820	2,950	7,480	7,300
45 to 59 minutes	181,675	174,010	3,030	1,715	2,915	3,885
60 minutes and over	202,830	193,435	2,900	1,840	4,650	3,820
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	1,251,055	1,196,375	20,315	10,070	24,295	25,350
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	56,235	53,610	605	335	1,685	775
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	162,440	154,790	2,210	1,025	4,410	2,725
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	305,355	292,065	6,340	2,685	4,270	7,685
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	335,835	322,320	6,200	3,090	4,235	7,750
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	200,780	190,310	2,725	1,540	6,205	3,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	190,410	183,285	2,240	1,385	3,495	2,935
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	2,663,550	2,474,280	38,070	24,675	126,530	50,410
Non-movers	2,284,060	2,123,895	30,675	20,625	108,865	40,990
Movers	379,490	350,385	7,395	4,050	17,660	9,425
Non-migrants	253,780	237,745	4,355	2,410	9,275	5,560
Migrants	125,715	112,640	3,045	1,640	8,385	3,860
Internal migrants	65,770	61,605	2,000	780	1,385	2,390
Intraprovincial migrants	49,990	47,830	875	295	995	1,025
Interprovincial migrants	15,780	13,775	1,125	485	395	1,370
External migrants	59,945	51,040	1,045	860	7,000	1,475
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	2,556,120	2,376,745	36,930	24,155	118,290	49,010
Non-movers	1,516,110	1,410,940	18,455	13,100	73,615	25,005
Movers	1,040,010	965,805	18,475	11,060	44,670	24,005
Non-migrants	639,060	601,970	8,885	5,635	22,570	11,705
Migrants	400,950	363,835	9,595	5,420	22,105	12,300
Internal migrants	184,120	173,930	5,450	1,940	2,805	6,420
Intraprovincial migrants	141,135	136,055	2,185	765	2,130	2,570
Interprovincial migrants	42,990	37,875	3,260	1,170	675	3,850
External migrants	216,830	189,910	4,145	3,485	19,300	5,885

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Toronto

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.