Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Peel

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	1,372,640	1,292,590	13,520	12,340	54,195	19,690
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	1,372,645	1,292,585	13,520	12,335	54,195	19,685
0 to 14 years	253,240	239,415	1,900	4,110	7,820	3,950
0 to 4 years	76,220	68,530	425	240	7,025	545
5 to 9 years	87,160	84,760	690	1,150	560	1,265
10 to 14 years	89,865	86,120	785	2,725	235	2,140
15 to 64 years	949,180	912,655	9,655	7,570	19,300	13,435
15 to 19 years	96,715	93,950	810	1,820	130	1,720
20 to 24 years	100,600	98,485	790	1,045	275	1,315
25 to 29 years	90,340	88,350	695	620	675	1,005
30 to 34 years	91,055	88,760	805	540	945	1,075
35 to 39 years	93,240	90,560	880	755	1,045	1,260
40 to 44 years	96,785	93,695	1,165	665	1,260	1,500
45 to 49 years	103,230	99,580	1,190	620	1,835	1,500
50 to 54 years	107,985	103,360	1,240	630	2,760	1,550
55 to 59 years	93,925	88,125	1,140	495	4,160	1,390
60 to 64 years	75,315	67,785	935	380	6,215	1,125
65 years and over	170,220	140,515	1,970	655	27,080	2,300
65 to 69 years	62,270	53,945	700	255	7,370	825
70 to 74 years	43,210	36,030	515	190	6,475	605
75 to 79 years	30,220	24,090	385	110	5,630	445
80 to 84 years	19,535	15,080	190	55	4,210	220
85 years and over	14,985	11,365	175	45	3,395	200
85 to 89 years	10,515	8,045	135	35	2,295	155
90 to 94 years	3,665	2,775	30	10	860	35
95 to 99 years	705	475	10	0	225	10
100 years and over	95	75	10	0	15	0
Average age	38.1	37.3	42.0	28.7	56.9	not applicable ...
Median age	37.9	37.1	43.8	21.1	65.0	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	1,119,400	1,053,170	11,625	8,230	46,375	15,740
Married or living common law	659,230	616,130	7,215	4,145	31,740	9,290
Married	611,150	569,870	6,210	3,910	31,160	8,160
Living common law	48,080	46,260	1,005	235	580	1,125
Not married and not living common law	460,175	437,045	4,405	4,085	14,640	6,445
Never married	333,935	325,960	2,870	3,610	1,490	4,675
Separated	27,790	26,340	300	90	1,060	345
Divorced	51,175	48,820	700	290	1,365	845
Widowed	47,275	35,925	535	95	10,720	580
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	1,119,405	1,053,170	11,625	8,230	46,380	15,740
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,053,655	991,590	11,010	7,045	44,015	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,651	43,695	57,218	37,324	16,330	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,697	32,113	43,134	26,128	14,657	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,053,850	991,775	11,010	7,045	44,015	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,665	36,472	45,813	31,877	15,551	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,406	29,575	38,513	24,674	14,635	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	927,485	888,950	9,985	6,320	22,230	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,405	43,974	57,720	38,052	15,728	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,424	32,177	44,068	26,848	9,730	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	756,500	703,890	7,475	4,965	40,170	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,189	6,019	7,165	4,521	9,188	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,164	2,022	3,594	1,365	9,560	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	805,200	776,695	8,520	5,570	14,410	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,132	44,451	58,886	38,879	20,278	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,450	33,891	47,113	29,245	14,372	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.6	90.2	91.5	91.5	48.6	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	79.1	79.7	79.7	82.4	40.7	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	10.4	9.8	8.5	8.5	51.4	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	1,119,405	1,053,170	11,625	8,225	46,375	15,735
Without total income	65,750	61,585	615	1,185	2,365	1,205
With total income	1,053,655	991,590	11,005	7,045	44,015	14,530
Percentage with total income	94.1	94.2	94.7	85.7	94.9	92.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	191,640	174,960	1,490	1,780	13,410	2,380
$10,000 to $19,999	188,590	165,985	1,415	1,205	19,985	2,020
$20,000 to $29,999	137,375	129,810	1,125	840	5,595	1,545
$30,000 to $39,999	114,765	110,585	1,020	670	2,490	1,355
$40,000 to $49,999	100,130	97,245	1,140	545	1,190	1,415
$50,000 to $59,999	79,415	77,220	1,095	505	595	1,345
$60,000 to $69,999	61,455	59,970	815	385	295	1,000
$70,000 to $79,999	46,110	44,955	645	305	205	800
$80,000 to $89,999	34,560	33,760	470	220	115	580
$90,000 to $99,999	28,435	27,780	465	150	45	535
$100,000 and over	71,180	69,320	1,320	445	90	1,540
$100,000 to $149,999	49,320	48,110	835	315	60	990
$150,000 and over	21,855	21,210	485	135	25	555
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	1,119,400	1,053,175	11,625	8,230	46,375	15,740
Without after-tax income	65,555	61,395	605	1,180	2,365	1,205
With after-tax income	1,053,850	991,775	11,015	7,045	44,015	14,535
Percentage with after-tax income	94.1	94.2	94.8	85.6	94.9	92.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	194,175	177,405	1,550	1,790	13,430	2,445
$10,000 to $19,999	196,525	173,580	1,475	1,250	20,215	2,100
$20,000 to $29,999	158,910	150,630	1,365	980	5,940	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	136,740	132,130	1,315	755	2,545	1,690
$40,000 to $49,999	115,725	112,605	1,460	670	990	1,795
$50,000 to $59,999	82,700	80,590	1,105	510	500	1,360
$60,000 to $69,999	57,045	55,630	835	390	190	1,035
$70,000 to $79,999	40,780	39,825	555	290	110	700
$80,000 and over	71,245	69,385	1,370	405	90	1,575
$80,000 to $89,999	25,035	24,425	440	140	30	510
$90,000 to $99,999	14,120	13,800	230	70	20	265
$100,000 and over	32,090	31,160	700	190	40	800
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	1,119,400	1,053,170	11,625	8,230	46,375	15,735
Without employment income	314,200	276,475	3,105	2,655	31,965	4,435
With employment income	805,200	776,695	8,520	5,575	14,415	11,305
Percentage with employment income	71.9	73.7	73.3	67.7	31.1	71.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	98,775	94,770	875	915	2,220	1,335
$5,000 to $9,999	66,640	62,735	455	580	2,875	745
$10,000 to $19,999	113,505	108,280	805	745	3,670	1,180
$20,000 to $29,999	92,430	88,660	765	600	2,405	1,065
$30,000 to $39,999	86,845	84,045	780	515	1,500	1,040
$40,000 to $49,999	78,860	76,745	855	495	775	1,100
$50,000 to $59,999	64,635	62,955	870	425	390	1,085
$60,000 to $69,999	50,065	48,875	625	305	265	780
$70,000 to $79,999	38,835	37,820	590	290	135	735
$80,000 and over	114,605	111,805	1,905	700	190	2,260
$80,000 to $89,999	30,145	29,510	365	160	95	450
$90,000 to $99,999	25,050	24,390	450	170	40	535
$100,000 and over	59,420	57,900	1,095	370	55	1,275
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	1,119,400	1,053,175	11,625	8,230	46,375	15,740
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	384,710	373,880	4,640	2,285	3,905	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	52,426	52,614	62,107	54,322	30,015	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	63,269	63,396	78,615	61,678	33,870	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	1,372,640	1,292,585	13,520	12,340	54,195	19,690
English only	1,230,690	1,230,690	0	0	0	0
French only	1,000	0	1,000	0	0	1,000
English and French	86,030	61,210	12,490	12,325	0	18,655
Neither English nor French	54,920	685	30	10	54,200	35
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	1,372,640	1,292,590	13,520	12,340	54,195	19,690
English	836,630	830,730	5,900	0	0	5,900
French	5,450	365	5,085	0	0	5,085
Non-official language	357,755	293,035	620	9,910	54,195	5,575
Aboriginal	25	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	357,730	293,010	620	9,905	54,200	5,570
English and French	2,940	1,065	900	970	0	1,390
English and non-official language	166,415	166,210	205	0	0	200
French and non-official language	535	60	470	0	0	475
English, French and non-official language	2,915	1,125	335	1,455	0	1,065
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	1,372,640	1,292,585	13,520	12,335	54,195	19,690
None	1,024,000	961,135	6,640	5,595	50,630	9,435
English	153,915	143,965	2,510	5,550	1,885	5,285
French	9,590	6,690	2,735	150	20	2,810
Non-official language	178,965	175,755	1,255	325	1,635	1,415
Aboriginal	30	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	178,940	175,725	1,255	325	1,635	1,415
English and French	815	130	70	615	0	375
English and non-official language	3,670	3,405	175	60	25	210
French and non-official language	1,660	1,505	135	15	0	145
English, French and non-official language	35	0	0	30	0	15
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	1,372,640	1,292,590	13,520	12,340	54,195	19,690
English	660,415	660,380	35	0	0	35
French	11,605	675	10,930	0	0	10,930
Non-official language	631,975	565,990	1,015	10,775	54,195	6,405
Aboriginal	50	45	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	631,930	565,945	1,015	10,775	54,195	6,405
English and French	3,385	2,220	295	870	0	730
English and non-official language	62,095	62,060	30	0	0	35
French and non-official language	1,445	310	1,135	0	0	1,135
English, French and non-official language	1,720	950	80	690	0	425
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	1,372,640	1,292,590	13,520	12,335	54,195	19,690
Official languages	1,317,720	1,291,905	13,490	12,325	0	19,655
English	1,316,720	1,291,905	12,495	12,325	0	18,655
French	87,030	61,215	13,490	12,325	0	19,650
Non-official languages	788,820	718,015	4,885	11,725	54,195	10,745
Aboriginal languages	110	110	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	788,710	717,905	4,885	11,725	54,195	10,745
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	1,372,640	1,292,585	13,520	12,335	54,200	19,690
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	9,120	8,625	440	55	10	465
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	8,530	8,050	415	55	10	445
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	5,420	5,275	110	35	0	125
Métis	2,950	2,615	310	20	10	320
Inuk (Inuit)	160	160	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	285	265	15	0	0	15
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	315	305	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,363,520	1,283,965	13,080	12,280	54,190	19,220
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	1,372,640	1,292,590	13,520	12,340	54,195	19,690
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	2,575	2,500	60	20	0	70
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,370,065	1,290,090	13,465	12,315	54,195	19,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	1,372,640	1,292,590	13,520	12,335	54,195	19,690
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	1,330	1,240	85	0	0	90
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	1,290	1,210	80	0	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	1,085	1,070	15	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	190	115	75	0	0	70
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	40	35	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	15	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	12,935	12,220	630	85	0	675
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	12,495	11,800	610	75	0	650
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,620	9,245	350	25	0	360
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,615	2,310	250	50	0	275
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	255	245	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	450	420	20	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	330	305	20	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	75	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	40	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	1,358,375	1,279,125	12,805	12,255	54,195	18,935
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	1,372,640	1,292,590	13,520	12,335	54,195	19,690
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	1,192,495	1,137,615	12,060	10,555	32,265	17,340
Canadian citizens only	1,085,945	1,038,840	10,710	7,975	28,420	14,695
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	106,550	98,775	1,350	2,580	3,840	2,645
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	180,145	154,975	1,460	1,780	21,935	2,350
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	1,372,640	1,292,590	13,520	12,335	54,195	19,690
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	642,840	623,515	7,935	4,710	6,675	10,290
Immigrants^Footnote 42	706,840	647,875	5,340	7,470	46,155	9,075
Before 1981	134,265	127,785	760	560	5,155	1,045
1981 to 1990	94,105	87,475	645	730	5,260	1,010
1991 to 2000	171,230	157,175	1,065	1,485	11,505	1,810
2001 to 2010	213,135	193,715	1,945	3,545	13,930	3,720
2001 to 2005	113,910	104,440	940	1,600	6,935	1,740
2006 to 2010	99,225	89,275	1,005	1,950	7,000	1,985
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	94,105	81,725	915	1,145	10,310	1,495
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	22,970	21,200	245	155	1,365	325
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	706,835	647,875	5,340	7,465	46,155	9,075
Under 5 years	60,825	57,950	590	1,355	925	1,265
5 to 14 years	116,445	113,040	920	1,895	600	1,865
15 to 24 years	159,265	153,975	980	885	3,425	1,425
25 to 44 years	291,165	273,435	2,435	2,845	12,450	3,850
45 years and over	79,140	49,480	420	490	28,755	665
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	706,835	647,875	5,340	7,465	46,155	9,075
Americas	112,715	109,225	505	1,265	1,725	1,140
Brazil	1,510	1,380	0	90	35	50
Colombia	4,745	4,035	50	335	315	225
El Salvador	2,420	2,170	15	60	170	45
Guyana	20,875	20,845	10	0	20	10
Haiti	440	105	270	65	0	305
Jamaica	35,320	35,320	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,885	1,670	20	145	55	95
Peru	2,005	1,770	10	50	175	30
Trinidad and Tobago	14,255	14,250	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	8,865	8,630	70	120	40	135
Other places of birth in Americas	20,405	19,060	65	385	900	255
Europe	132,030	122,360	945	1,345	7,385	1,615
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,080	2,825	0	70	180	35
Croatia	4,430	4,240	0	15	170	0
France	1,000	365	600	30	0	620
Germany	4,425	4,355	30	30	10	45
Greece	2,405	2,240	0	15	150	10
Hungary	1,365	1,315	10	15	30	10
Ireland^Footnote 48	1,510	1,510	0	0	0	0
Italy	16,575	15,075	70	80	1,350	110
Netherlands	1,640	1,630	0	0	0	0
Poland	26,005	24,205	20	210	1,570	120
Portugal	21,190	18,295	35	150	2,715	105
Romania	3,685	3,275	20	265	120	155
Russian Federation	2,655	2,430	10	80	145	40
Serbia^Footnote 49	2,525	2,330	0	65	125	30
Ukraine	4,985	4,520	15	95	355	60
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	21,405	21,370	10	20	0	20
Other places of birth in Europe	13,155	12,375	135	190	455	230
Africa	40,835	35,420	3,245	1,625	540	4,060
Algeria	300	80	125	95	0	170
Egypt	10,065	8,920	270	520	355	530
Ethiopia	1,020	985	10	10	25	10
Kenya	3,385	3,355	10	10	10	10
Morocco	445	190	160	85	10	205
Nigeria	6,275	6,260	0	15	10	10
Somalia	1,260	1,225	10	10	15	15
South Africa, Republic of	1,685	1,680	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	16,405	12,735	2,660	880	120	3,100
Asia	419,550	379,205	640	3,240	36,465	2,260
Afghanistan	5,160	4,515	20	65	560	50
Bangladesh	4,380	4,220	10	15	135	15
China^Footnote 51	26,270	20,240	20	210	5,800	120
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	8,220	7,620	0	25	570	15
India	181,395	160,690	85	1,040	19,585	605
Iran^Footnote 53	3,505	3,230	15	45	220	40
Iraq	10,815	9,730	20	110	955	70
Japan	720	660	0	0	55	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	4,710	4,260	0	50	400	25
Lebanon	3,865	3,210	235	300	115	385
Pakistan	55,225	52,795	45	470	1,920	280
Philippines	43,160	42,790	0	35	340	20
Sri Lanka	21,310	19,695	10	140	1,460	80
Syria^Footnote 55	3,730	2,740	45	90	855	90
Taiwan	2,130	1,940	0	15	170	10
Viet Nam	15,475	12,585	70	190	2,620	165
Other places of birth in Asia	29,480	28,290	70	425	700	280
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	1,710	1,660	0	10	40	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	94,105	81,730	920	1,145	10,315	1,490
Americas	10,245	9,615	115	215	305	225
Brazil	210	180	10	10	15	10
Colombia	845	675	0	85	80	50
Cuba	290	240	0	15	40	10
Haiti	150	40	95	15	0	105
Jamaica	3,010	3,010	0	0	0	0
Mexico	460	425	10	15	15	10
United States^Footnote 58	1,885	1,810	10	30	35	25
Venezuela^Footnote 59	410	360	0	30	20	20
Other places of birth in Americas	2,985	2,870	0	15	100	0
Europe	4,600	3,740	105	95	660	150
France	95	20	75	0	0	80
Germany	120	115	0	0	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	110	110	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	15	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	200	130	0	20	40	15
Russian Federation	320	230	0	0	95	10
Ukraine	680	525	0	15	135	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	625	625	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,430	1,970	25	45	390	45
Africa	7,515	6,350	625	385	160	820
Algeria	50	25	15	10	0	20
Cameroon	205	155	45	0	0	45
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	190	40	145	10	0	145
Côte d'Ivoire	75	0	65	10	0	70
Egypt	2,800	2,455	35	180	125	125
Eritrea	75	75	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	70	65	0	0	0	0
Morocco	90	55	20	10	10	25
Nigeria	1,710	1,705	0	0	10	0
Somalia	110	110	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	90	85	10	0	0	10
Tunisia	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,040	1,565	285	170	15	375
Asia	71,515	61,810	75	450	9,185	300
Afghanistan	665	535	0	10	125	10
Bangladesh	650	555	0	10	85	0
China^Footnote 63	4,230	2,425	10	20	1,775	15
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	130	120	0	0	10	0
India	33,405	28,675	15	145	4,570	90
Iran^Footnote 65	570	510	0	10	50	10
Iraq	3,265	2,800	0	50	420	25
Israel	75	75	0	0	0	0
Japan	75	70	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	295	270	0	15	10	10
Lebanon	485	400	25	55	10	55
Nepal	765	730	0	0	40	0
Pakistan	10,515	9,955	0	30	535	10
Philippines	6,555	6,480	0	0	75	0
Saudi Arabia	860	820	0	10	40	0
Sri Lanka	1,655	1,430	0	10	215	10
Syria^Footnote 67	1,855	1,025	10	20	800	20
Taiwan	140	135	0	0	0	0
Turkey	130	105	0	10	15	0
United Arab Emirates	1,805	1,755	0	20	25	10
Viet Nam	925	675	10	0	245	10
Other places of birth in Asia	2,465	2,280	0	40	140	25
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	225	220	0	0	0	0
Australia	185	185	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	40	35	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	1,372,645	1,292,590	13,525	12,335	54,200	19,685
First generation^Footnote 71	735,030	673,915	5,730	7,655	47,725	9,555
Second generation^Footnote 72	408,995	396,135	2,075	4,460	6,330	4,300
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	228,615	222,535	5,725	220	140	5,835
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	581,565	528,405	4,640	6,990	41,530	8,135
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	276,735	264,535	2,700	4,630	4,875	5,015
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	104,045	99,680	1,080	1,525	1,760	1,840
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	172,695	164,855	1,615	3,110	3,115	3,175
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	226,300	193,460	1,075	1,215	30,555	1,680
Refugees^Footnote 79	72,925	65,515	805	1,030	5,580	1,320
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	5,605	4,895	65	115	525	120
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	1,372,640	1,292,585	13,520	12,335	54,195	19,690
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	854,560	794,720	5,750	9,005	45,090	10,250
South Asian^Footnote 83	434,100	400,820	1,045	4,525	27,715	3,305
Chinese	63,745	54,925	235	585	8,005	525
Black	131,060	127,810	2,695	370	180	2,875
Filipino	57,205	56,750	55	75	325	90
Latin American	31,060	28,215	195	995	1,660	690
Arab	42,500	37,855	775	1,370	2,500	1,460
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	23,415	21,000	80	245	2,090	205
West Asian^Footnote 85	13,435	12,015	60	285	1,070	205
Korean	6,635	6,055	15	70	490	55
Japanese	2,600	2,470	15	10	110	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	25,470	24,635	385	260	190	515
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	23,335	22,170	195	215	755	300
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	518,075	497,865	7,770	3,330	9,110	9,440
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	1,372,640	1,292,590	13,520	12,335	54,195	19,690
North American Aboriginal origins	14,265	13,465	715	80	0	755
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,150	10,735	385	30	0	400
Inuit	400	390	10	0	0	0
Métis	3,200	2,800	345	60	0	375
Other North American origins	156,130	150,770	3,825	615	925	4,135
Acadian	805	615	185	10	0	185
American	7,035	6,970	50	10	15	50
Canadian	149,880	144,840	3,540	585	910	3,835
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	745	745	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	145	145	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	135	110	20	0	0	20
Québécois	275	120	140	15	0	150
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	45	40	0	0	0	0
European origins	514,265	495,535	6,385	3,320	9,015	8,045
British Isles origins	220,155	218,615	1,190	230	115	1,310
Channel Islander	120	115	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	10	0	0	0	0
English	124,175	123,530	435	130	75	500
Irish	89,820	89,115	605	65	40	635
Manx	95	100	0	0	0	0
Scottish	88,305	87,910	305	60	30	335
Welsh	9,025	8,985	35	0	10	35
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	17,920	17,845	45	30	0	60
French origins	42,895	37,355	5,120	355	65	5,300
Alsatian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Breton	15	10	10	0	0	0
Corsican	10	10	0	0	0	0
French	42,870	37,335	5,125	355	60	5,300
Western European origins (except French origins)	65,735	64,860	570	155	150	650
Austrian	4,260	4,220	15	20	10	25
Bavarian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,595	1,430	160	0	0	160
Dutch	16,675	16,620	35	15	0	45
Flemish	140	115	20	0	0	25
Frisian	80	80	0	0	0	0
German	45,315	44,795	265	115	130	325
Luxembourger	60	40	20	0	0	20
Swiss	2,125	2,030	80	10	10	90
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	30	25	0	10	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	9,615	9,525	50	30	10	65
Danish	2,405	2,400	0	0	0	10
Finnish	2,215	2,195	15	10	0	15
Icelandic	460	455	10	0	0	10
Norwegian	2,150	2,120	20	0	10	20
Swedish	2,745	2,710	15	10	0	20
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	425	420	0	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	105,735	100,890	320	1,580	2,935	1,110
Bulgarian	1,985	1,875	10	50	55	35
Byelorussian	770	715	0	15	35	10
Czech	2,510	2,395	45	30	45	60
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	640	640	0	0	0	10
Estonian	755	745	0	10	10	10
Hungarian	8,115	7,920	25	70	90	65
Latvian	795	775	0	10	10	10
Lithuanian	2,090	2,030	15	40	0	30
Moldovan	145	135	0	10	0	10
Polish	55,740	53,030	90	755	1,875	465
Romanian	6,260	5,780	25	325	130	190
Russian	9,835	9,220	50	220	350	160
Slovak	3,025	2,920	20	40	40	40
Ukrainian	26,510	25,530	75	245	655	195
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	260	250	0	10	0	0
Southern European origins	208,835	200,455	1,040	1,395	5,945	1,735
Albanian	3,620	3,330	20	30	245	35
Bosnian	2,520	2,375	0	40	105	25
Catalan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Croatian	12,125	11,810	40	70	200	75
Cypriot	210	200	0	0	0	0
Greek	10,920	10,580	50	100	190	100
Italian	88,115	85,710	515	350	1,535	690
Kosovar	120	120	0	0	10	0
Macedonian	3,705	3,555	10	35	105	25
Maltese	6,335	6,305	25	0	10	25
Montenegrin	270	260	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	61,840	58,470	220	275	2,875	360
Serbian	6,980	6,485	20	220	260	130
Sicilian	180	180	0	0	0	10
Slovenian	3,570	3,540	15	10	10	20
Spanish	24,075	22,975	190	385	530	380
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,285	1,260	0	20	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	100	85	0	10	10	0
Other European origins	3,875	3,675	65	75	60	100
Basque	95	85	10	0	0	10
Jewish	2,035	1,915	30	70	20	65
Roma (Gypsy)	165	145	0	0	25	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	190	180	0	0	15	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	1,390	1,350	30	10	0	30
Caribbean origins	110,740	109,760	585	170	225	665
Antiguan	640	635	10	0	0	0
Bahamian	275	275	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	4,610	4,610	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Carib	515	515	0	0	0	0
Cuban	2,270	2,150	10	35	70	30
Dominican	1,380	1,315	15	15	45	20
Grenadian	3,125	3,115	15	0	0	10
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian	900	400	415	80	10	455
Jamaican	70,880	70,715	90	35	35	110
Kittitian/Nevisian	515	520	0	0	0	0
Martinican	25	0	15	0	0	15
Montserratan	75	75	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	105	100	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	1,165	1,145	20	0	0	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	13,365	13,350	15	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	2,405	2,405	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	16,045	15,940	10	30	70	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	3,135	3,105	20	0	0	20
Latin, Central and South American origins	52,505	49,605	200	1,140	1,565	770
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,295	1,215	0	40	40	25
Arawak	160	160	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	2,110	1,945	15	70	80	50
Belizean	50	50	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	350	315	0	20	10	15
Brazilian	2,110	1,970	10	70	65	45
Chilean	2,705	2,520	15	50	125	35
Colombian	6,965	6,070	70	410	415	275
Costa Rican	370	335	0	0	30	0
Ecuadorian	3,875	3,705	10	10	155	10
Guatemalan	1,710	1,595	10	60	55	30
Guyanese	17,455	17,440	10	0	15	0
Hispanic	775	715	0	15	45	10
Honduran	490	455	0	0	30	10
Maya	190	175	0	0	10	0
Mexican	3,345	2,970	30	185	155	125
Nicaraguan	535	510	0	10	15	10
Panamanian	485	445	10	15	20	15
Paraguayan	80	75	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	2,705	2,495	0	50	160	30
Salvadorean	3,315	3,115	25	85	95	65
Uruguayan	1,460	1,375	0	15	65	10
Venezuelan	1,545	1,385	15	95	60	55
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	2,125	2,025	20	25	60	30
African origins	67,820	62,465	3,315	1,365	675	3,995
Central and West African origins	19,840	18,450	1,200	125	60	1,265
Akan	195	195	0	0	0	0
Angolan	130	105	10	15	0	20
Ashanti	440	445	0	0	0	0
Beninese	105	90	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	40	30	10	0	0	15
Cameroonian	635	365	260	10	0	265
Chadian	30	15	10	0	0	10
Congolese	835	200	605	35	0	625
Edo	320	320	0	0	0	0
Ewe	70	70	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	0	0	15
Gambian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	8,075	8,015	10	15	35	15
Guinean	80	30	50	0	0	50
Ibo	415	400	10	0	0	15
Ivorian	150	70	75	0	0	75
Liberian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Malian	50	0	35	0	0	40
Malinké	20	15	0	10	0	0
Nigerian	6,895	6,865	10	0	15	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	130	45	80	10	0	85
Sierra Leonean	180	175	0	0	0	0
Togolese	40	10	25	10	0	30
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,260	1,250	0	10	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	905	790	105	10	0	115
North African origins	16,610	14,605	675	835	490	1,095
Algerian	500	205	165	120	15	225
Berber	110	85	25	10	0	30
Coptic	730	630	30	25	35	40
Dinka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	13,470	12,190	280	570	435	565
Libyan	395	390	0	0	10	0
Maure	70	70	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	975	620	185	145	25	255
Sudanese	920	890	0	15	15	10
Tunisian	50	30	15	0	0	15
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	230	155	55	15	0	65
Southern and East African origins	11,405	10,325	650	340	90	820
Afrikaner	20	20	0	0	0	0
Amhara	105	100	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	80	65	15	0	0	15
Burundian	120	50	65	10	10	65
Djiboutian	25	20	0	0	10	0
Eritrean	715	695	0	0	15	0
Ethiopian	1,610	1,560	15	10	30	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,055	1,055	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	20	10	0	0	10
Mauritian	1,240	550	435	250	10	555
Oromo	60	60	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	250	155	70	20	0	75
Seychellois	50	15	20	20	0	30
Somali	3,310	3,255	15	20	15	30
South African	1,340	1,340	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	230	225	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	365	365	0	0	0	0
Zambian	135	125	0	0	0	10
Zimbabwean	295	295	0	0	0	0
Zulu	40	40	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	845	805	25	10	0	35
Other African origins	21,175	20,170	890	80	35	930
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	2,525	2,480	35	10	0	40
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	18,870	17,890	875	75	35	910
Asian origins	669,590	616,845	2,615	7,185	42,945	6,205
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	66,435	60,045	880	1,520	3,985	1,640
Afghan	8,370	7,520	15	190	645	110
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	8,680	7,900	175	170	440	265
Armenian	2,120	1,970	35	65	50	70
Assyrian	2,505	2,290	0	30	185	20
Azerbaijani	210	195	10	10	10	10
Georgian	125	110	0	10	10	10
Hazara	55	45	0	0	0	0
Iranian	6,870	6,375	40	150	310	110
Iraqi	10,575	9,620	15	160	785	90
Israeli	585	570	0	0	10	0
Jordanian	2,455	2,320	20	55	60	45
Kazakh	25	25	0	0	0	0
Kurd	500	485	0	10	10	10
Kuwaiti	165	165	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	7,630	6,600	405	465	160	635
Palestinian	7,380	7,020	20	140	195	90
Pashtun	835	790	30	10	20	30
Saudi Arabian	250	240	0	0	15	0
Syrian	6,475	5,275	100	165	935	190
Tajik	200	175	0	0	25	0
Tatar	180	150	10	10	10	15
Turk	3,855	3,520	55	85	190	100
Turkmen	65	60	0	0	10	0
Uighur	110	75	0	10	25	0
Uzbek	130	115	0	0	20	0
Yemeni	435	420	0	0	15	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	3,135	2,895	25	65	155	55
South Asian origins	439,120	405,825	1,255	4,630	27,410	3,575
Bangladeshi	3,245	3,140	0	10	90	10
Bengali	1,750	1,680	0	10	60	0
Bhutanese	30	25	0	0	10	0
East Indian	313,090	288,490	1,100	3,280	20,220	2,740
Goan	1,725	1,730	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	2,050	1,870	0	10	175	10
Kashmiri	760	710	0	25	25	10
Nepali	2,005	1,915	0	25	65	15
Pakistani	56,205	53,675	70	545	1,910	345
Punjabi	36,110	31,420	20	570	4,100	305
Sinhalese	1,180	1,115	0	25	35	15
Sri Lankan	24,785	23,310	15	225	1,235	125
Tamil	8,165	7,530	60	110	470	110
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	20,860	19,515	35	190	1,120	130
East and Southeast Asian origins	170,030	156,865	560	1,105	11,500	1,110
Burmese	415	405	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	620	575	10	15	35	10
Chinese	81,155	71,555	365	695	8,535	715
Filipino	62,455	61,955	60	85	355	105
Hmong	20	20	10	0	0	10
Indonesian	1,545	1,530	0	0	15	0
Japanese	3,910	3,755	15	15	135	20
Karen	30	30	0	0	0	0
Korean	7,060	6,445	10	85	520	55
Laotian	1,240	1,160	0	15	70	10
Malaysian	1,290	1,270	0	10	10	10
Mongolian	270	265	0	0	10	0
Singaporean	210	210	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	1,055	990	0	10	60	0
Thai	770	705	0	20	45	15
Tibetan	330	305	0	0	30	0
Vietnamese	21,140	18,575	100	240	2,230	220
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	1,175	1,125	10	10	35	10
Other Asian origins	3,865	3,610	0	15	235	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	3,865	3,610	0	10	235	10
Oceania origins	1,575	1,560	0	0	10	0
Australian	650	650	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	250	245	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	695	680	0	0	15	0
Fijian	525	510	0	0	10	0
Hawaiian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Maori	35	35	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	20	20	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	70	70	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	1,119,405	1,053,170	11,625	8,230	46,375	15,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	193,215	159,835	1,540	1,360	30,485	2,220
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	314,145	299,970	2,820	1,925	9,430	3,780
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	612,040	593,370	7,260	4,950	6,460	9,735
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	52,600	50,665	700	235	995	820
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	28,865	27,580	435	150	700	510
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	23,730	23,085	270	80	295	310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	203,965	198,620	2,415	945	1,985	2,885
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,045	28,740	475	290	540	620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	325,430	315,345	3,670	3,480	2,935	5,410
Bachelor's degree	220,495	213,905	2,370	2,045	2,170	3,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20,995	20,065	335	345	255	510
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,875	8,585	45	140	110	110
Master's degree	68,680	66,750	810	765	355	1,195
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	6,380	6,040	115	175	50	205
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	1,119,400	1,053,175	11,625	8,230	46,375	15,740
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	507,365	459,805	4,360	3,280	39,915	6,000
Education	28,755	27,220	610	325	605	765
13. Education	28,755	27,220	610	320	605	770
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,270	18,625	245	195	205	340
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,120	3,045	35	25	10	50
50. Visual and performing arts	16,145	15,580	210	165	195	295
Humanities	42,170	40,420	490	435	825	710
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,135	3,760	110	115	150	170
23. English language and literature/letters	9,380	9,165	65	90	60	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	19,125	18,415	130	60	515	160
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	95	90	0	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,935	1,885	20	15	20	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,730	1,700	10	10	0	10
54. History	4,705	4,590	20	25	70	30
55. French language and literature/letters	1,065	805	135	115	10	195
Social and behavioural sciences and law	74,210	72,165	885	605	555	1,190
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	585	535	30	15	0	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	6,450	6,270	95	40	45	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,905	12,555	105	60	185	135
22. Legal professions and studies	12,420	12,045	170	105	95	220
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	1,155	1,115	20	20	10	25
42. Psychology	9,830	9,585	125	85	30	170
45. Social sciences	30,870	30,050	345	290	185	490
Business, management and public administration	152,960	148,905	1,985	1,060	1,005	2,515
30.16 Accounting and computer science	325	320	10	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,085	7,955	50	50	30	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,550	140,635	1,925	1,010	975	2,435
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,050	30,960	380	360	350	560
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,850	11,525	155	145	25	230
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	9,485	9,200	85	105	90	135
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	360	355	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	8,990	8,560	105	110	215	160
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,365	1,315	25	10	20	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	37,240	36,215	485	340	195	655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30,420	29,660	400	250	110	525
25. Library science	745	710	15	0	15	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,590	5,360	70	90	75	115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	490	480	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	119,190	115,435	1,145	960	1,655	1,625
04. Architecture and related services	4,725	4,580	50	55	45	70
14. Engineering	49,655	47,780	480	625	770	790
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	22,135	21,600	205	80	250	245
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	14,760	14,330	130	55	240	160
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,360	17,900	185	95	180	230
48. Precision production	9,545	9,230	100	45	175	125
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,925	6,650	60	60	150	95
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,735	4,520	35	40	140	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,185	2,135	25	20	15	40
Health and related fields	72,200	70,390	625	510	680	875
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,895	4,785	45	25	40	60
51. Health professions and related programs	65,345	63,735	570	440	600	790
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,960	1,870	10	40	45	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	27,040	26,355	345	105	230	400
12. Personal and culinary services	15,110	14,660	195	80	185	235
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	70	70	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	100	0	0	15	0
43. Security and protective services	7,765	7,665	65	25	10	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,965	3,860	80	0	25	80
Other	30	25	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	30	10	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	1,119,400	1,053,175	11,625	8,230	46,375	15,740
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	507,365	459,800	4,365	3,280	39,920	6,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	612,035	593,370	7,260	4,950	6,460	9,735
Location of study inside Canada	372,745	364,795	5,280	2,320	350	6,440
Same as province or territory of residence	350,540	344,745	3,585	1,885	330	4,530
Different than province or territory of residence	22,205	20,050	1,690	440	20	1,910
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	239,300	228,575	1,985	2,630	6,110	3,295
United States^Footnote 130	14,510	14,215	145	140	10	220
Philippines	21,425	21,400	0	10	20	0
India	78,215	76,605	55	185	1,370	150
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	12,160	11,905	130	115	15	185
China^Footnote 132	10,350	8,380	10	40	1,915	35
France	755	275	395	90	0	440
Other	101,880	95,800	1,245	2,055	2,780	2,275
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	1,119,400	1,053,170	11,620	8,225	46,375	not applicable ...
In the labour force	753,105	729,825	8,085	5,380	9,825	not applicable ...
Employed	691,475	670,495	7,475	4,710	8,795	not applicable ...
Unemployed	61,635	59,330	610	670	1,030	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	366,295	323,350	3,540	2,855	36,550	not applicable ...
Participation rate	67.3	69.3	69.6	65.4	21.2	not applicable ...
Employment rate	61.8	63.7	64.3	57.3	19.0	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.1	7.5	12.5	10.5	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	1,119,400	1,053,175	11,625	8,225	46,375	15,735
Did not work^Footnote 135	359,130	316,775	3,460	2,870	36,025	4,895
Worked	760,275	736,400	8,165	5,360	10,355	10,845
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	394,335	383,145	4,730	2,360	4,095	5,915
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	365,940	353,255	3,435	3,000	6,255	4,930
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.5	43.4	39.2	40.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	789,530	764,470	8,430	5,615	11,020	11,235
a.Management	78,665	76,535	1,135	500	495	1,385
00 Senior management occupations	7,545	7,290	175	50	30	200
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	30,320	29,590	455	225	50	570
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	25,520	24,835	335	130	225	400
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	15,275	14,825	170	95	185	220
b.Professional	137,690	134,035	1,940	1,410	305	2,645
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	33,815	33,095	420	225	70	535
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	41,170	40,130	500	470	75	735
30 Professional occupations in nursing	10,220	10,100	85	30	10	100
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	8,535	8,345	50	130	10	120
40 Professional occupations in education services	23,630	22,605	625	345	50	800
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	15,345	14,970	160	145	65	235
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	4,980	4,790	95	65	35	125
c.Technical and paraprofessional	65,685	64,235	685	585	175	980
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	23,300	22,775	245	235	45	360
32 Technical occupations in health	11,320	11,135	105	65	20	135
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	14,780	14,410	175	130	60	245
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,480	2,430	45	10	0	50
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	13,810	13,490	115	150	55	190
d.Administration and administrative support	112,610	109,820	1,480	720	595	1,835
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	40,745	39,815	575	265	95	705
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	8,375	8,150	120	45	55	145
14 Office support occupations	39,925	38,810	530	340	245	700
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	23,565	23,045	255	70	200	290
e.Sales	89,380	87,190	755	655	770	1,085
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	23,455	22,980	220	165	85	305
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	38,565	37,625	355	305	280	515
66 Sales support occupations	27,355	26,590	175	190	405	270
f.Personal and customer information services	123,260	117,940	1,380	970	2,965	1,870
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	9,320	9,205	45	40	35	65
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	12,615	11,770	115	70	655	150
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	19,620	18,625	140	120	730	200
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	43,220	41,615	815	475	315	1,055
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	38,490	36,725	260	270	1,240	395
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	48,105	46,740	345	180	835	440
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	29,910	28,915	205	135	655	275
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	18,200	17,825	145	50	180	170
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	72,470	70,355	360	320	1,435	520
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	24,165	23,460	130	105	480	175
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	40,260	39,240	210	175	635	300
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	8,045	7,660	20	40	320	45
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,880	5,515	50	30	290	60
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,095	1,065	10	10	15	15
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,070	895	0	0	165	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	3,720	3,550	35	20	110	50
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	55,780	52,100	300	230	3,145	415
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	4,980	4,885	30	30	30	50
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	13,865	13,045	85	60	680	115
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	15,055	14,285	65	60	645	95
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	21,885	19,885	120	90	1,790	165
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	789,530	764,475	8,430	5,610	11,020	11,230
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,470	2,110	10	15	340	20
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	2,110	1,770	10	15	320	15
113 Forestry and logging	40	25	0	0	10	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	30	30	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	290	285	0	0	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	945	915	20	10	0	20
211 Oil and gas extraction	275	265	0	0	0	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	350	340	10	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	325	305	10	0	10	10
22 Utilities	3,225	3,160	30	30	0	45
221 Utilities	3,230	3,160	30	30	10	45
23 Construction	47,615	45,990	415	260	945	545
236 Construction of buildings	13,965	13,405	135	75	350	175
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	4,305	4,165	45	20	70	55
238 Specialty trade contractors	29,345	28,420	235	160	520	320
31-33 Manufacturing	95,630	91,395	870	520	2,840	1,130
311 Food manufacturing	14,185	13,235	150	60	735	180
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	1,645	1,615	20	15	0	25
313 Textile mills	280	275	0	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	465	415	0	0	45	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	755	680	15	10	50	20
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	120	115	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,450	1,360	10	10	70	20
322 Paper manufacturing	2,495	2,420	10	10	55	20
323 Printing and related support activities	4,095	3,965	35	25	75	50
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	425	405	10	0	10	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	7,725	7,500	85	65	80	115
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	9,015	8,510	45	35	425	65
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	2,365	2,270	25	10	70	30
331 Primary metal manufacturing	2,315	2,245	30	10	40	30
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	10,030	9,540	40	70	385	75
333 Machinery manufacturing	6,710	6,470	85	30	125	100
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	4,000	3,860	60	25	60	70
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	2,445	2,380	15	20	35	25
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	15,450	15,040	100	75	235	140
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	5,165	4,825	80	25	240	95
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	4,485	4,300	55	30	105	65
41 Wholesale trade	44,115	42,290	845	345	640	1,015
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	495	460	15	10	20	15
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	345	340	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	7,185	6,895	50	50	185	75
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	8,085	7,675	200	100	115	245
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	2,515	2,440	60	15	10	70
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	6,425	6,165	125	20	115	140
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	12,345	11,905	280	115	55	340
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	4,915	4,680	75	25	130	90
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	1,805	1,725	45	15	25	50
44-45 Retail trade	94,225	91,940	690	610	975	995
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	8,800	8,635	90	30	45	100
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	3,820	3,750	10	10	50	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	4,305	4,235	35	25	15	50
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	5,135	5,010	65	30	30	80
445 Food and beverage stores	19,375	18,685	110	115	470	165
446 Health and personal care stores	9,065	8,830	80	110	50	135
447 Gasoline stations	2,125	2,060	20	20	20	25
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	14,275	13,940	90	130	115	155
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	3,910	3,855	15	15	20	25
452 General merchandise stores	14,250	14,010	115	75	50	155
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	5,210	5,085	35	15	70	45
454 Non-store retailers	3,950	3,845	30	30	40	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	73,825	71,745	770	395	920	970
481 Air transportation	4,785	4,475	215	90	0	260
482 Rail transportation	805	755	35	15	0	45
483 Water transportation	160	165	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	25,620	24,805	160	115	535	215
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	10,225	10,080	55	25	65	65
486 Pipeline transportation	30	30	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	30	30	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	11,080	10,780	100	70	130	135
491 Postal service	3,665	3,600	35	15	15	45
492 Couriers and messengers	6,855	6,700	75	45	40	100
493 Warehousing and storage	10,565	10,325	90	20	135	95
51 Information and cultural industries	18,970	18,515	225	175	60	315
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	3,330	3,250	20	30	30	40
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	2,815	2,740	35	40	10	55
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,270	1,220	30	15	10	35
517 Telecommunications	8,660	8,455	125	70	10	165
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	1,425	1,405	10	10	0	15
519 Other information services	1,465	1,445	10	15	0	15
52 Finance and insurance	49,915	48,805	690	350	70	865
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	30	30	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	29,205	28,545	365	270	20	500
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	6,585	6,460	85	20	25	95
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	13,755	13,435	240	65	20	270
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	330	335	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,625	16,220	170	100	125	220
531 Real estate	13,795	13,495	115	70	115	150
532 Rental and leasing services	2,710	2,615	55	35	0	70
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	110	110	10	0	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	66,320	64,655	735	615	315	1,040
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	66,320	64,655	735	615	315	1,040
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,910	1,865	35	10	0	40
551 Management of companies and enterprises	1,910	1,865	40	10	0	40
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	47,090	44,960	505	405	1,225	705
561 Administrative and support services	45,665	43,570	475	405	1,210	675
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,425	1,385	25	0	10	25
61 Educational services	47,380	45,740	945	580	115	1,235
611 Educational services	47,375	45,740	940	580	115	1,230
62 Health care and social assistance	63,115	61,865	420	370	460	605
621 Ambulatory health care services	23,635	23,225	160	160	90	235
622 Hospitals	16,470	16,260	105	90	25	145
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	10,500	10,330	60	55	55	95
624 Social assistance	12,505	12,045	100	65	295	130
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,540	11,300	90	95	55	135
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	3,645	3,550	50	15	35	55
712 Heritage institutions	330	315	10	10	10	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	7,565	7,435	35	80	20	70
72 Accommodation and food services	47,820	46,150	330	355	990	505
721 Accommodation services	4,475	4,320	40	45	75	65
722 Food services and drinking places	43,345	41,830	290	310	915	445
81 Other services (except public administration)	30,345	29,000	255	185	905	345
811 Repair and maintenance	10,835	10,580	55	40	165	65
812 Personal and laundry services	10,215	9,775	90	70	275	125
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	6,370	6,155	100	65	50	135
814 Private households	2,930	2,495	15	10	415	20
91 Public administration	26,465	25,860	370	195	30	470
911 Federal government public administration	6,335	6,060	170	90	15	215
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	5,125	4,990	95	40	0	115
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	14,865	14,675	110	70	15	140
914 Aboriginal public administration	10	15	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	125	120	0	10	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	691,470	670,495	7,475	4,710	8,800	9,830
Worked at home	38,220	36,745	545	315	620	705
Worked outside Canada	4,610	4,400	55	55	105	80
No fixed workplace address	83,895	80,955	775	530	1,635	1,040
Worked at usual place	564,745	548,400	6,105	3,810	6,440	8,005
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	789,530	764,470	8,425	5,610	11,020	11,230
English	751,980	737,145	6,055	4,380	4,390	8,250
French	2,185	1,000	990	185	10	1,080
Non-official language	14,305	8,610	20	95	5,585	60
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	14,305	8,610	15	90	5,585	65
English and French	4,050	1,995	1,305	735	10	1,675
English and non-official language	16,705	15,555	30	110	1,010	85
French and non-official language	25	10	0	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	280	150	30	105	0	85
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	789,530	764,470	8,430	5,610	11,020	11,235
None	731,890	713,475	5,365	4,325	8,730	7,525
English	7,400	5,725	595	190	890	690
French	8,245	5,260	2,355	620	10	2,665
Non-official language	41,370	39,545	60	395	1,375	260
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	41,365	39,535	60	395	1,375	260
English and French	15	15	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	125	90	15	10	15	15
French and non-official language	480	375	40	65	0	75
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	564,745	548,395	6,100	3,805	6,440	8,005
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	253,315	245,535	2,655	1,820	3,305	3,565
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	103,625	100,630	1,180	480	1,330	1,425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	206,565	201,045	2,240	1,485	1,795	2,985
Commute to a different province or territory	1,235	1,195	20	15	10	30
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	648,640	629,355	6,875	4,340	8,070	9,045
Car, truck, van - as a driver	482,160	469,685	5,060	2,940	4,480	6,525
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	44,075	41,850	355	265	1,600	490
Public transit	100,595	96,915	1,260	950	1,470	1,735
Walked	14,215	13,720	115	95	285	160
Bicycle	1,900	1,795	25	20	60	35
Other method	5,690	5,385	70	60	175	95
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	648,640	629,355	6,880	4,340	8,070	9,045
Less than 15 minutes	92,285	89,865	810	505	1,110	1,060
15 to 29 minutes	213,075	206,650	2,220	1,390	2,820	2,910
30 to 44 minutes	165,815	160,750	1,780	1,015	2,270	2,285
45 to 59 minutes	74,120	71,860	870	580	815	1,160
60 minutes and over	103,340	100,225	1,195	855	1,060	1,625
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	648,640	629,355	6,875	4,340	8,070	9,045
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	47,960	46,375	420	235	930	535
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	113,970	110,170	1,160	565	2,075	1,440
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	161,200	156,305	2,300	1,315	1,285	2,960
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	127,145	123,735	1,610	860	950	2,040
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	83,390	81,000	625	605	1,165	930
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	114,975	111,775	765	760	1,675	1,145
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	1,358,030	1,280,340	13,440	12,290	51,965	19,585
Non-movers	1,193,235	1,127,465	11,425	10,590	43,755	16,720
Movers	164,795	152,870	2,015	1,695	8,210	2,860
Non-migrants	92,470	87,120	880	905	3,565	1,330
Migrants	72,325	65,755	1,135	790	4,645	1,530
Internal migrants	47,125	44,395	860	525	1,335	1,130
Intraprovincial migrants	42,075	39,990	525	340	1,225	695
Interprovincial migrants	5,045	4,410	340	190	110	435
External migrants	25,200	21,355	270	260	3,310	405
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	1,296,425	1,224,055	13,095	12,100	47,170	19,145
Non-movers	798,505	759,010	7,685	6,625	25,185	11,000
Movers	497,920	465,050	5,410	5,475	21,990	8,145
Non-migrants	270,380	255,575	2,335	2,705	9,765	3,690
Migrants	227,535	209,475	3,070	2,765	12,220	4,455
Internal migrants	131,905	124,775	2,010	1,550	3,570	2,780
Intraprovincial migrants	121,635	115,980	1,310	1,065	3,280	1,845
Interprovincial migrants	10,270	8,800	700	480	295	935
External migrants	95,635	84,700	1,065	1,220	8,655	1,670

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Peel

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.