Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Mississauga, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,220	11,980
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	715,470	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,220	11,985
0 to 14 years	120,710	113,295	1,065	2,245	4,110	2,190
0 to 4 years	35,320	31,495	205	130	3,490	270
5 to 9 years	41,540	40,100	370	640	430	690
10 to 14 years	43,845	41,690	490	1,475	190	1,225
15 to 64 years	497,635	478,100	5,770	5,095	8,675	8,320
15 to 19 years	48,875	47,325	435	1,010	100	940
20 to 24 years	53,525	52,230	445	680	175	780
25 to 29 years	47,085	45,915	415	405	355	615
30 to 34 years	44,460	43,130	450	345	530	625
35 to 39 years	45,035	43,440	530	545	525	805
40 to 44 years	48,450	46,585	705	500	660	950
45 to 49 years	54,690	52,485	720	455	1,025	950
50 to 54 years	59,695	57,175	730	465	1,320	970
55 to 59 years	53,410	50,620	755	375	1,660	945
60 to 64 years	42,415	39,195	575	315	2,325	735
65 years and over	97,125	82,985	1,245	460	12,435	1,480
65 to 69 years	34,210	31,035	400	170	2,610	485
70 to 74 years	24,085	20,890	330	140	2,720	405
75 to 79 years	17,495	14,370	260	70	2,795	295
80 to 84 years	11,950	9,360	130	40	2,420	145
85 years and over	9,395	7,330	135	40	1,895	150
85 to 89 years	6,645	5,250	105	30	1,260	120
90 to 94 years	2,270	1,765	15	10	480	20
95 to 99 years	430	280	10	0	150	10
100 years and over	50	35	0	0	10	10
Average age	39.4	38.8	43.1	31.1	55.9	not applicable ...
Median age	39.8	39.1	45.0	24.6	64.7	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	594,765	561,085	7,020	5,555	21,110	9,800
Married or living common law	343,865	322,855	4,300	2,990	13,715	5,795
Married	317,915	298,000	3,695	2,830	13,385	5,110
Living common law	25,955	24,860	605	160	330	685
Not married and not living common law	250,895	238,225	2,720	2,555	7,390	4,000
Never married	180,745	175,855	1,735	2,240	910	2,855
Separated	14,690	13,835	180	70	605	215
Divorced	29,405	27,880	435	185	900	530
Widowed	26,055	20,655	365	60	4,970	395
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	594,765	561,080	7,020	5,550	21,105	9,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	561,270	529,725	6,660	4,895	19,985	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,267	46,199	59,269	38,794	17,485	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,197	32,512	44,856	28,049	15,200	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	561,375	529,830	6,660	4,895	19,990	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,373	38,080	47,054	32,987	16,486	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,863	29,821	39,670	26,254	15,148	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	495,780	474,475	6,025	4,415	10,865	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,223	46,795	60,284	39,404	16,223	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,097	32,776	45,887	27,889	9,311	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	399,800	373,810	4,520	3,425	18,040	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,230	6,073	6,948	4,669	9,604	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,058	1,926	3,292	1,446	10,743	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	420,840	405,890	5,095	3,845	6,005	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,176	47,415	61,760	40,441	23,002	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,657	34,937	48,219	30,419	16,630	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	90.2	90.7	92.0	91.6	50.4	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	78.1	78.6	79.7	81.9	39.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	9.8	9.3	8.0	8.4	49.6	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	594,765	561,085	7,020	5,555	21,110	9,800
Without total income	33,490	31,355	360	655	1,120	685
With total income	561,275	529,730	6,665	4,895	19,985	9,105
Percentage with total income	94.4	94.4	94.9	88.1	94.7	92.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	103,390	95,630	930	1,160	5,675	1,510
$10,000 to $19,999	98,450	87,885	865	835	8,860	1,285
$20,000 to $29,999	70,840	66,685	685	555	2,920	965
$30,000 to $39,999	57,670	55,485	495	495	1,195	745
$40,000 to $49,999	51,395	49,725	695	410	560	905
$50,000 to $59,999	41,440	40,050	710	350	335	885
$60,000 to $69,999	32,515	31,615	450	270	180	585
$70,000 to $79,999	24,800	24,120	350	210	115	455
$80,000 to $89,999	19,445	18,925	280	175	65	365
$90,000 to $99,999	15,980	15,585	280	90	25	330
$100,000 and over	45,345	44,015	920	345	70	1,095
$100,000 to $149,999	30,320	29,455	585	240	40	700
$150,000 and over	15,030	14,560	340	105	25	390
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	594,765	561,080	7,025	5,550	21,110	9,795
Without after-tax income	33,390	31,255	360	655	1,120	690
With after-tax income	561,375	529,830	6,665	4,895	19,990	9,110
Percentage with after-tax income	94.4	94.4	94.9	88.2	94.7	93.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,995	97,175	955	1,175	5,685	1,545
$10,000 to $19,999	102,290	91,605	905	870	8,920	1,335
$20,000 to $29,999	81,920	77,360	815	655	3,090	1,145
$30,000 to $39,999	68,960	66,485	670	550	1,255	950
$40,000 to $49,999	60,080	58,155	920	490	515	1,165
$50,000 to $59,999	43,690	42,425	650	335	280	815
$60,000 to $69,999	30,935	30,040	465	320	110	620
$70,000 to $79,999	23,250	22,630	355	205	60	455
$80,000 and over	45,250	43,960	930	300	65	1,080
$80,000 to $89,999	14,825	14,435	280	95	20	325
$90,000 to $99,999	8,760	8,535	165	55	15	190
$100,000 and over	21,665	20,995	485	155	35	565
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	594,765	561,085	7,020	5,550	21,105	9,795
Without employment income	173,920	155,185	1,925	1,705	15,100	2,775
With employment income	420,845	405,895	5,095	3,845	6,010	7,020
Percentage with employment income	70.8	72.3	72.6	69.3	28.5	71.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	53,495	51,480	530	585	895	820
$5,000 to $9,999	34,205	32,585	270	385	960	460
$10,000 to $19,999	57,375	54,940	470	520	1,455	725
$20,000 to $29,999	45,035	43,090	460	405	1,080	665
$30,000 to $39,999	42,820	41,390	390	390	655	585
$40,000 to $49,999	39,620	38,330	545	345	395	720
$50,000 to $59,999	33,300	32,275	535	270	215	675
$60,000 to $69,999	26,190	25,465	340	230	165	455
$70,000 to $79,999	20,410	19,830	310	200	70	410
$80,000 and over	68,390	66,505	1,240	520	120	1,505
$80,000 to $89,999	16,795	16,400	215	125	65	275
$90,000 to $99,999	13,880	13,490	280	100	15	325
$100,000 and over	37,715	36,615	750	300	40	905
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	594,765	561,085	7,020	5,550	21,110	9,795
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	201,835	195,525	2,745	1,605	1,960	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	54,892	55,026	65,297	55,646	31,062	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	67,998	68,131	84,453	63,141	35,720	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,220	11,985
English only	637,660	637,665	0	0	0	0
French only	600	0	600	0	0	600
English and French	51,630	36,375	7,465	7,790	0	11,360
Neither English nor French	25,580	335	20	0	25,220	25
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,800	25,215	11,985
English	435,775	432,220	3,555	0	0	3,555
French	3,210	240	2,970	0	0	2,970
Non-official language	187,075	154,990	465	6,400	25,215	3,665
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	187,065	154,980	465	6,400	25,220	3,670
English and French	1,485	500	410	575	0	695
English and non-official language	85,975	85,830	150	0	0	145
French and non-official language	325	15	305	0	0	305
English, French and non-official language	1,630	580	230	825	0	640
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,220	11,985
None	520,475	489,815	3,865	3,445	23,345	5,585
English	84,580	78,460	1,535	3,555	1,030	3,310
French	5,665	3,820	1,710	125	15	1,765
Non-official language	101,385	99,635	735	200	820	830
Aboriginal	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	101,375	99,625	735	200	820	835
English and French	540	70	50	425	0	260
English and non-official language	1,790	1,660	120	15	0	125
French and non-official language	1,010	915	80	15	0	90
English, French and non-official language	35	0	0	30	10	15
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,220	11,985
English	329,430	329,415	10	0	0	10
French	6,725	365	6,365	0	0	6,360
Non-official language	342,710	309,960	660	6,870	25,220	4,095
Aboriginal	25	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	342,680	309,940	660	6,870	25,215	4,095
English and French	1,965	1,260	200	505	0	455
English and non-official language	32,610	32,585	25	0	0	25
French and non-official language	940	185	760	0	0	755
English, French and non-official language	1,100	605	65	425	0	280
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,215	11,985
Official languages	689,895	674,040	8,065	7,790	0	11,960
English	689,295	674,040	7,465	7,790	0	11,360
French	52,230	36,375	8,065	7,790	0	11,955
Non-official languages	426,205	390,320	3,195	7,470	25,215	6,930
Aboriginal languages	55	60	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	426,140	390,265	3,195	7,470	25,215	6,930
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,800	25,215	11,985
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	4,180	3,955	195	35	0	210
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	3,935	3,725	180	30	0	195
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	2,425	2,355	45	20	0	55
Métis	1,480	1,330	135	10	0	140
Inuk (Inuit)	40	40	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	100	95	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	135	135	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	711,295	670,425	7,890	7,765	25,220	11,770
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,215	11,985
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	1,270	1,230	30	10	0	35
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	714,210	673,145	8,050	7,790	25,215	11,950
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,800	25,220	11,985
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	540	495	45	0	0	45
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	520	480	45	0	0	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	420	410	0	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	95	60	35	0	0	35
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	20	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	6,305	5,920	345	40	0	360
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	6,050	5,680	330	35	0	350
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,495	4,295	195	0	0	195
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,465	1,305	135	30	0	145
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	85	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	255	240	15	10	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	230	215	10	10	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	708,635	667,960	7,700	7,760	25,220	11,575
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,215	11,980
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	620,045	590,825	7,190	6,490	15,530	10,435
Canadian citizens only	548,935	525,100	6,275	4,505	13,060	8,530
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	71,105	65,730	910	1,985	2,475	1,905
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	95,430	83,545	895	1,305	9,685	1,550
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,220	11,985
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	320,750	310,710	4,565	2,385	3,085	5,760
Immigrants^Footnote 42	381,735	351,715	3,390	5,315	21,310	6,045
Before 1981	77,125	73,440	485	405	2,795	685
1981 to 1990	50,500	46,780	405	525	2,785	670
1991 to 2000	90,385	83,760	600	965	5,050	1,085
2001 to 2010	110,315	101,020	1,270	2,500	5,520	2,520
2001 to 2005	59,235	54,875	595	1,000	2,765	1,095
2006 to 2010	51,075	46,150	675	1,500	2,755	1,425
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	53,410	46,705	625	910	5,170	1,085
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	12,990	11,950	130	100	815	180
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	381,730	351,715	3,390	5,310	21,315	6,050
Under 5 years	34,375	32,470	370	875	660	805
5 to 14 years	66,605	64,270	565	1,295	480	1,210
15 to 24 years	76,645	73,850	545	590	1,660	840
25 to 44 years	164,840	154,350	1,575	2,190	6,730	2,670
45 years and over	39,260	26,775	335	370	11,785	520
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	381,730	351,720	3,390	5,310	21,310	6,050
Americas	48,660	46,485	250	990	935	750
Brazil	1,060	965	10	75	15	40
Colombia	3,625	3,030	50	310	235	205
El Salvador	880	755	0	50	75	25
Guyana	6,680	6,675	0	0	0	0
Haiti	155	35	110	15	0	115
Jamaica	11,590	11,595	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,280	1,110	10	110	45	65
Peru	1,360	1,180	10	45	125	25
Trinidad and Tobago	6,340	6,345	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	5,520	5,355	45	85	30	90
Other places of birth in Americas	10,175	9,440	35	300	405	180
Europe	88,515	82,075	585	1,020	4,835	1,095
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,605	2,375	0	60	170	30
Croatia	3,500	3,345	0	10	145	0
France	605	220	355	35	0	375
Germany	2,710	2,665	15	20	10	30
Greece	1,745	1,620	0	10	110	10
Hungary	890	855	10	0	25	10
Ireland^Footnote 48	1,025	1,020	0	0	0	0
Italy	8,700	7,940	55	45	660	75
Netherlands	665	660	0	0	0	0
Poland	21,685	20,170	15	180	1,320	105
Portugal	11,925	10,435	25	70	1,395	60
Romania	2,815	2,500	15	195	100	115
Russian Federation	2,180	2,005	0	60	115	35
Serbia^Footnote 49	2,110	1,955	0	60	90	30
Ukraine	4,470	4,045	0	95	320	50
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	11,060	11,030	10	15	0	20
Other places of birth in Europe	9,825	9,230	70	160	370	155
Africa	24,290	20,530	2,050	1,295	415	2,700
Algeria	235	60	90	85	0	135
Egypt	9,100	8,060	235	475	320	475
Ethiopia	510	500	10	0	10	10
Kenya	1,835	1,820	10	10	0	10
Morocco	335	150	110	75	0	145
Nigeria	2,180	2,170	0	0	0	0
Somalia	720	690	10	10	10	15
South Africa, Republic of	1,100	1,090	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	8,275	5,985	1,580	640	70	1,900
Asia	219,415	201,785	500	2,010	15,115	1,510
Afghanistan	2,595	2,270	15	20	285	30
Bangladesh	2,600	2,520	0	15	60	10
China^Footnote 51	23,110	17,715	15	175	5,205	105
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	7,335	6,785	10	25	515	15
India	54,630	51,175	45	310	3,095	200
Iran^Footnote 53	2,815	2,580	10	35	185	30
Iraq	7,385	6,750	20	100	520	70
Japan	575	540	0	0	35	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	4,345	3,915	0	50	375	30
Lebanon	3,110	2,575	205	220	105	315
Pakistan	35,855	34,585	25	360	890	205
Philippines	28,325	28,095	0	25	205	15
Sri Lanka	9,060	8,505	0	55	500	30
Syria^Footnote 55	3,440	2,485	40	85	830	80
Taiwan	1,900	1,745	0	20	135	10
Viet Nam	10,350	8,450	55	140	1,705	125
Other places of birth in Asia	21,990	21,085	55	375	470	245
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	850	840	0	0	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	53,415	46,710	630	905	5,170	1,080
Americas	5,155	4,755	55	170	180	135
Brazil	125	110	0	0	10	10
Colombia	675	530	0	85	60	45
Cuba	180	145	0	10	25	10
Haiti	60	10	45	0	0	45
Jamaica	965	965	0	0	0	0
Mexico	340	325	0	10	10	0
United States^Footnote 58	1,205	1,155	0	25	30	15
Venezuela^Footnote 59	375	325	0	30	20	15
Other places of birth in Americas	1,220	1,180	0	10	35	10
Europe	3,585	2,875	70	90	550	115
France	60	0	50	0	0	45
Germany	80	75	0	10	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	85	85	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	10	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	185	125	0	15	35	10
Russian Federation	280	195	0	0	80	10
Ukraine	635	485	0	15	135	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	340	345	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,920	1,560	20	35	300	40
Africa	5,020	4,140	460	305	120	610
Algeria	40	20	10	10	0	15
Cameroon	75	50	25	0	0	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	100	0	105	0	0	100
Côte d'Ivoire	40	0	35	0	0	35
Egypt	2,595	2,285	35	160	115	120
Eritrea	55	55	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	45	45	0	0	10	0
Morocco	70	40	15	10	10	25
Nigeria	725	720	0	0	0	10
Somalia	70	75	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	60	10	0	0	10
Tunisia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,120	785	225	115	0	280
Asia	39,550	34,845	45	340	4,320	220
Afghanistan	290	245	0	0	50	0
Bangladesh	420	380	0	10	35	10
China^Footnote 63	3,910	2,265	0	20	1,620	15
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	110	105	0	0	10	0
India	10,660	9,905	10	80	665	50
Iran^Footnote 65	470	430	0	10	30	10
Iraq	2,820	2,475	0	45	295	25
Israel	60	65	0	0	0	0
Japan	60	55	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	280	255	0	15	10	0
Lebanon	430	365	15	50	0	40
Nepal	360	345	0	0	10	0
Pakistan	7,585	7,245	0	20	315	10
Philippines	4,320	4,280	0	0	45	0
Saudi Arabia	765	725	0	10	35	0
Sri Lanka	630	545	0	0	75	10
Syria^Footnote 67	1,795	980	0	20	785	20
Taiwan	135	125	0	0	0	0
Turkey	100	75	0	10	15	0
United Arab Emirates	1,565	1,520	0	20	25	10
Viet Nam	635	490	0	0	145	10
Other places of birth in Asia	2,140	1,965	0	35	135	20
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	100	100	0	0	0	0
Australia	85	85	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	15	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,215	11,980
First generation^Footnote 71	398,035	366,720	3,610	5,430	22,280	6,320
Second generation^Footnote 72	197,215	190,955	1,115	2,260	2,895	2,240
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	120,225	116,705	3,360	110	50	3,420
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	309,275	282,580	2,940	4,955	18,790	5,425
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	172,665	164,090	1,835	3,530	3,215	3,600
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	63,180	60,065	760	1,190	1,160	1,355
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	109,485	104,020	1,075	2,335	2,050	2,245
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	91,590	78,350	665	750	11,825	1,040
Refugees^Footnote 79	41,820	37,415	395	590	3,420	685
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	3,200	2,730	50	90	330	95
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,215	11,980
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	408,925	381,250	3,385	5,205	19,085	5,990
South Asian^Footnote 83	165,765	157,595	680	1,715	5,770	1,540
Chinese	54,095	46,405	195	495	6,995	445
Black	47,005	45,530	1,250	165	55	1,330
Filipino	36,570	36,270	35	55	205	60
Latin American	16,115	14,290	110	785	930	505
Arab	36,205	32,210	610	1,195	2,185	1,210
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	14,795	13,315	55	175	1,255	145
West Asian^Footnote 85	7,910	7,050	65	180	620	150
Korean	6,095	5,550	20	60	465	50
Japanese	1,965	1,865	10	10	85	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	9,045	8,545	245	195	55	340
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	13,370	12,615	120	170	465	200
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	306,550	293,125	4,695	2,590	6,135	5,990
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	715,475	674,375	8,085	7,795	25,220	11,985
North American Aboriginal origins	6,845	6,415	390	40	0	405
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,170	4,945	220	10	0	220
Inuit	115	110	0	0	0	10
Métis	1,830	1,610	180	40	0	200
Other North American origins	76,370	73,530	2,175	285	380	2,315
Acadian	470	345	120	10	0	120
American	3,845	3,805	30	0	0	30
Canadian	73,020	70,390	1,980	275	380	2,115
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	220	215	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	80	85	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	60	55	10	0	0	0
Québécois	155	75	80	0	0	75
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	304,505	292,270	3,760	2,490	5,990	5,005
British Isles origins	118,495	117,585	725	130	60	790
Channel Islander	75	75	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	66,245	65,930	200	65	50	235
Irish	49,115	48,650	415	35	15	430
Manx	50	55	0	0	0	0
Scottish	47,895	47,640	205	40	15	225
Welsh	4,990	4,965	20	10	10	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	10,285	10,235	40	15	0	45
French origins	23,905	20,690	2,995	185	40	3,090
Alsatian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Breton	10	10	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	10	0	0	0	0
French	23,895	20,670	2,995	180	40	3,085
Western European origins (except French origins)	37,005	36,405	380	130	90	445
Austrian	2,600	2,565	10	15	10	15
Bavarian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Belgian	915	800	100	10	0	105
Dutch	8,335	8,295	30	10	0	35
Flemish	105	85	20	10	0	20
Frisian	20	25	0	0	0	0
German	26,305	25,955	175	95	75	225
Luxembourger	20	20	0	0	0	0
Swiss	1,245	1,170	70	10	0	70
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	25	25	0	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	5,895	5,835	35	20	0	45
Danish	1,370	1,365	0	0	0	10
Finnish	1,435	1,420	10	10	0	15
Icelandic	295	290	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,425	1,405	15	0	0	20
Swedish	1,585	1,560	10	10	0	20
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	265	260	0	10	0	10
Eastern European origins	79,750	75,675	255	1,315	2,505	915
Bulgarian	1,595	1,485	10	50	50	35
Byelorussian	635	590	0	10	35	0
Czech	1,710	1,615	40	30	35	50
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	345	345	0	0	0	0
Estonian	515	510	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5,065	4,925	15	45	75	35
Latvian	520	510	10	10	0	10
Lithuanian	1,570	1,510	10	40	0	30
Moldovan	100	100	0	10	0	0
Polish	43,350	41,025	70	645	1,605	395
Romanian	4,470	4,105	15	240	110	135
Russian	7,515	6,995	35	195	290	135
Slovak	2,330	2,265	20	25	20	35
Ukrainian	20,180	19,285	65	230	600	175
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	195	185	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	120,065	115,060	585	1,005	3,415	1,090
Albanian	3,020	2,760	10	15	235	20
Bosnian	2,005	1,870	10	35	95	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	8,885	8,655	20	50	160	50
Cypriot	125	120	0	0	10	0
Greek	7,485	7,250	35	70	130	70
Italian	44,840	43,530	325	230	760	440
Kosovar	110	100	0	0	10	0
Macedonian	2,390	2,285	0	35	65	20
Maltese	3,535	3,520	10	0	0	10
Montenegrin	190	185	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	34,040	32,275	105	145	1,510	175
Serbian	5,925	5,495	20	205	205	120
Sicilian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	2,600	2,570	15	10	0	15
Spanish	14,065	13,370	90	310	295	245
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	835	815	0	20	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	80	70	0	10	0	10
Other European origins	2,440	2,295	30	55	50	60
Basque	35	30	0	0	0	0
Jewish	1,305	1,215	20	60	10	50
Roma (Gypsy)	145	120	0	0	20	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	145	130	0	0	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	810	805	10	0	10	10
Caribbean origins	40,210	39,730	275	85	120	315
Antiguan	285	280	0	0	0	10
Bahamian	135	140	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	2,120	2,120	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Carib	160	160	0	0	0	0
Cuban	1,180	1,110	10	20	50	15
Dominican	725	670	10	15	30	15
Grenadian	1,005	1,000	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	405	155	220	25	0	235
Jamaican	23,825	23,765	20	25	20	30
Kittitian/Nevisian	280	280	0	0	0	0
Martinican	20	10	15	0	0	15
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	35	35	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	490	475	15	0	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,355	5,350	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	795	795	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	5,550	5,515	0	15	20	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,435	1,420	10	10	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	24,900	22,945	145	915	895	605
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	645	585	0	35	20	20
Arawak	70	70	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,035	940	10	60	25	40
Belizean	25	20	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	190	160	0	20	10	10
Brazilian	1,345	1,230	10	70	40	40
Chilean	1,395	1,295	15	35	50	30
Colombian	5,195	4,425	75	375	320	260
Costa Rican	155	135	0	0	20	0
Ecuadorian	1,480	1,415	10	10	55	15
Guatemalan	505	470	0	20	10	10
Guyanese	5,865	5,865	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	425	375	0	20	30	10
Honduran	190	170	0	0	10	10
Maya	95	90	0	0	0	0
Mexican	2,190	1,895	25	140	125	95
Nicaraguan	225	210	0	0	10	0
Panamanian	220	200	0	0	15	0
Paraguayan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	1,630	1,475	0	40	115	20
Salvadorean	1,050	955	0	50	35	30
Uruguayan	730	700	0	10	20	0
Venezuelan	1,115	960	10	95	55	50
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	895	855	10	0	25	15
African origins	34,745	31,350	1,850	1,055	490	2,380
Central and West African origins	6,350	5,750	530	65	10	560
Akan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Angolan	40	25	0	15	0	10
Ashanti	45	50	0	0	0	0
Beninese	60	55	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	235	110	125	0	0	120
Chadian	30	15	10	0	0	10
Congolese	350	110	235	10	0	235
Edo	150	145	0	0	0	0
Ewe	65	65	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	2,105	2,100	10	0	0	0
Guinean	55	20	35	0	0	30
Ibo	115	115	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	90	55	40	10	0	40
Liberian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Malian	25	0	15	0	10	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,285	2,275	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	90	40	40	15	0	45
Sierra Leonean	80	80	0	0	0	0
Togolese	15	0	10	0	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	425	420	0	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	345	270	65	15	0	70
North African origins	14,235	12,570	500	730	430	865
Algerian	370	155	105	95	10	155
Berber	55	30	10	10	0	15
Coptic	665	580	25	30	35	40
Dinka	0	10	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	11,840	10,675	255	520	390	515
Libyan	330	320	0	0	0	0
Maure	20	15	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	710	470	110	115	15	165
Sudanese	720	705	0	0	10	0
Tunisian	30	20	10	0	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	170	125	25	10	10	35
Southern and East African origins	6,365	5,675	420	245	20	540
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	70	70	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	35	25	10	0	0	10
Burundian	70	15	45	0	0	50
Djiboutian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	410	400	0	10	10	0
Ethiopian	735	715	10	0	10	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	470	470	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	790	300	285	200	0	385
Oromo	20	20	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	80	50	30	0	0	30
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,970	1,925	10	25	0	20
South African	860	860	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	155	145	0	10	0	0
Tigrian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	220	220	0	0	0	0
Zambian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	150	150	0	0	0	0
Zulu	30	30	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	470	445	30	0	0	30
Other African origins	8,305	7,795	445	45	25	465
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	1,000	1,000	0	10	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	7,355	6,840	440	40	25	460
Asian origins	336,350	312,600	1,870	3,915	17,975	3,825
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	48,460	43,575	705	1,200	2,975	1,300
Afghan	4,355	3,965	15	65	310	50
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	7,245	6,580	140	135	390	205
Armenian	1,330	1,205	30	65	30	60
Assyrian	1,110	1,010	10	30	65	20
Azerbaijani	140	125	0	10	0	10
Georgian	115	105	0	10	10	0
Hazara	45	40	0	0	10	0
Iranian	5,165	4,790	25	95	255	70
Iraqi	7,270	6,680	15	145	435	85
Israeli	390	380	0	10	10	0
Jordanian	2,195	2,080	20	55	45	50
Kazakh	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kurd	335	330	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	155	150	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	5,865	5,020	340	355	155	515
Palestinian	6,420	6,085	20	135	180	90
Pashtun	570	525	25	0	15	30
Saudi Arabian	160	150	0	0	10	0
Syrian	5,405	4,235	75	165	930	160
Tajik	115	105	0	0	10	10
Tatar	165	140	10	10	10	15
Turk	2,850	2,600	35	75	135	70
Turkmen	25	20	0	0	0	0
Uighur	110	80	0	10	25	10
Uzbek	105	85	0	0	15	0
Yemeni	305	295	0	0	15	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	2,410	2,190	20	65	135	50
South Asian origins	168,660	160,375	790	1,830	5,655	1,705
Bangladeshi	1,865	1,825	0	10	30	0
Bengali	930	900	0	0	20	0
Bhutanese	10	0	0	0	10	0
East Indian	110,220	104,740	690	1,180	3,605	1,280
Goan	1,350	1,350	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	700	660	0	10	35	0
Kashmiri	525	480	0	25	20	15
Nepali	825	785	0	15	25	10
Pakistani	35,665	34,255	55	395	965	255
Punjabi	5,755	5,175	0	115	470	60
Sinhalese	455	445	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	10,730	10,205	0	90	430	55
Tamil	3,440	3,195	45	65	135	75
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	10,010	9,535	20	120	335	80
East and Southeast Asian origins	123,335	112,655	420	910	9,355	875
Burmese	195	190	10	0	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	205	185	10	10	0	10
Chinese	64,965	56,725	290	605	7,345	590
Filipino	39,755	39,430	40	65	220	70
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,200	1,190	0	0	10	0
Japanese	2,865	2,745	10	15	95	20
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	6,405	5,830	15	70	490	50
Laotian	265	255	0	0	10	0
Malaysian	945	930	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	205	210	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	105	110	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	980	920	0	0	55	0
Thai	425	395	0	15	15	10
Tibetan	245	215	0	0	25	0
Vietnamese	14,155	12,520	80	170	1,390	160
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	485	450	0	10	25	0
Other Asian origins	1,790	1,715	0	0	70	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	1,795	1,720	0	0	70	0
Oceania origins	900	900	0	0	0	0
Australian	450	455	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	130	135	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	325	325	0	0	0	0
Fijian	205	210	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Maori	15	15	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	40	40	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	594,765	561,080	7,020	5,550	21,110	9,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	89,995	76,410	835	745	12,010	1,210
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	155,855	148,400	1,650	1,125	4,680	2,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	348,915	336,280	4,535	3,685	4,415	6,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,900	25,690	370	145	690	445
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	14,890	14,055	255	100	480	300
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	12,010	11,640	120	50	205	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	105,460	102,085	1,410	620	1,345	1,720
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,205	16,365	290	210	335	395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	199,350	192,130	2,460	2,715	2,045	3,815
Bachelor's degree	133,355	128,790	1,540	1,560	1,475	2,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,990	12,275	215	290	205	360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,140	5,885	35	125	100	95
Master's degree	42,275	40,855	585	580	245	880
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	4,595	4,320	85	155	30	165
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	594,765	561,085	7,020	5,550	21,110	9,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	245,855	224,810	2,485	1,870	16,690	3,420
Education	16,275	15,305	360	230	380	475
13. Education	16,275	15,305	360	230	380	475
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	12,075	11,605	150	155	165	235
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,880	1,825	15	20	10	25
50. Visual and performing arts	10,200	9,775	135	135	145	205
Humanities	22,050	21,055	320	330	340	490
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,410	2,130	95	90	100	140
23. English language and literature/letters	5,775	5,620	35	75	40	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,155	7,900	70	40	140	90
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	75	70	0	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,185	1,150	15	10	0	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	980	955	10	10	10	15
54. History	2,755	2,685	15	15	45	20
55. French language and literature/letters	710	530	90	80	0	135
Social and behavioural sciences and law	43,620	42,295	525	440	360	745
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	350	330	10	10	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,340	4,195	75	35	40	90
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,740	6,550	45	35	110	65
22. Legal professions and studies	6,830	6,565	110	95	65	160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	640	630	0	10	10	0
42. Psychology	5,670	5,520	70	60	25	100
45. Social sciences	19,050	18,515	220	195	120	315
Business, management and public administration	88,915	86,045	1,325	780	770	1,720
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	140	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,885	3,825	30	25	15	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	84,885	82,070	1,300	755	750	1,675
Physical and life sciences and technologies	18,590	17,825	275	220	265	390
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,035	6,830	115	90	10	160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,925	4,755	65	60	45	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	255	250	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	5,615	5,270	80	70	190	120
41. Science technologies/technicians	760	730	10	0	20	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	21,815	21,110	300	265	135	435
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	17,420	16,940	235	185	65	325
25. Library science	490	465	10	0	20	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,560	3,370	55	75	55	95
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	345	335	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	67,395	64,780	625	745	1,240	1,005
04. Architecture and related services	3,120	2,995	40	50	40	65
14. Engineering	32,135	30,615	340	540	635	610
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,305	11,005	90	45	165	115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	7,565	7,320	60	30	155	80
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,765	8,505	70	65	125	100
48. Precision production	4,510	4,335	25	20	125	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,110	3,895	35	55	120	65
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,705	2,530	20	35	115	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,400	1,365	20	15	10	30
Health and related fields	40,250	38,955	395	395	510	590
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,655	2,605	25	10	20	25
51. Health professions and related programs	36,115	34,960	360	345	445	535
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,475	1,385	10	40	45	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,810	13,400	200	70	145	235
12. Personal and culinary services	8,095	7,805	115	55	110	145
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	55	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	3,630	3,585	30	15	0	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,970	1,905	45	0	20	45
Other	15	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	594,760	561,080	7,020	5,555	21,110	9,800
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	245,850	224,810	2,490	1,870	16,690	3,420
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	348,915	336,280	4,535	3,685	4,420	6,375
Location of study inside Canada	207,315	202,275	3,210	1,630	200	4,025
Same as province or territory of residence	193,375	189,805	2,080	1,300	185	2,730
Different than province or territory of residence	13,945	12,475	1,130	330	10	1,295
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	141,600	134,000	1,320	2,055	4,225	2,350
United States^Footnote 130	9,330	9,130	95	100	0	145
Philippines	14,580	14,565	0	10	15	0
India	28,295	27,990	25	65	215	55
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	7,295	7,120	75	85	10	115
China^Footnote 132	9,085	7,290	0	35	1,760	15
France	530	220	260	55	0	285
Other	72,485	67,685	865	1,710	2,225	1,720
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	594,765	561,080	7,025	5,555	21,110	not applicable ...
In the labour force	394,640	381,455	4,815	3,750	4,610	not applicable ...
Employed	361,690	349,780	4,440	3,295	4,170	not applicable ...
Unemployed	32,950	31,680	375	460	440	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	200,125	179,625	2,205	1,800	16,500	not applicable ...
Participation rate	66.4	68.0	68.5	67.5	21.8	not applicable ...
Employment rate	60.8	62.3	63.2	59.3	19.8	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.3	8.3	7.8	12.3	9.5	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	594,765	561,085	7,025	5,555	21,110	9,795
Did not work^Footnote 135	195,355	175,130	2,120	1,830	16,270	3,035
Worked	399,405	385,950	4,900	3,725	4,835	6,760
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	206,930	200,375	2,815	1,655	2,090	3,640
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	192,475	185,575	2,085	2,070	2,750	3,120
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.4	43.0	39.5	41.1	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	413,940	399,920	5,025	3,885	5,110	6,965
a.Management	45,980	44,635	700	375	270	885
00 Senior management occupations	4,805	4,640	95	50	20	120
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	18,905	18,410	285	175	35	375
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	14,440	13,995	220	90	140	265
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	7,830	7,585	90	70	80	125
b.Professional	85,095	82,520	1,300	1,065	205	1,835
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	20,980	20,510	270	160	35	355
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	26,855	26,040	375	385	50	570
30 Professional occupations in nursing	5,150	5,080	50	20	0	60
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	5,925	5,765	35	115	10	100
40 Professional occupations in education services	13,755	13,095	395	225	40	505
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	9,315	9,025	120	120	50	175
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	3,115	3,005	55	35	20	75
c.Technical and paraprofessional	35,655	34,760	390	405	105	590
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	12,745	12,440	125	160	20	205
32 Technical occupations in health	6,170	6,035	70	45	20	95
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	7,655	7,425	110	80	35	150
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,120	1,100	15	0	0	15
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,965	7,760	65	115	30	120
d.Administration and administrative support	59,100	57,355	940	520	285	1,195
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	22,530	21,860	380	210	70	485
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	4,685	4,545	80	40	20	100
14 Office support occupations	20,935	20,265	345	225	100	455
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	10,955	10,685	135	45	90	155
e.Sales	48,465	47,120	455	440	450	670
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	12,930	12,630	165	105	30	215
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	22,195	21,575	205	230	185	320
66 Sales support occupations	13,335	12,910	90	105	230	135
f.Personal and customer information services	65,970	62,830	830	655	1,655	1,155
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,710	4,615	30	40	30	45
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	6,295	5,935	60	65	245	90
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	10,805	10,125	110	70	490	150
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	23,095	22,095	500	320	180	665
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	21,060	20,060	125	165	710	205
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	22,715	21,995	120	95	500	170
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	14,610	14,075	60	65	410	95
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	8,095	7,925	60	25	90	75
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	26,660	25,880	145	170	465	230
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	9,640	9,390	50	60	140	80
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	13,355	13,015	85	90	160	135
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	3,665	3,475	10	20	160	15
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,750	2,630	40	25	60	55
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	580	565	0	0	10	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	410	385	0	0	25	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	1,760	1,680	30	25	30	40
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	21,560	20,185	110	140	1,125	180
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,100	2,045	15	20	15	25
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	5,770	5,400	20	40	305	45
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	6,060	5,760	40	20	240	50
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	7,630	6,985	35	50	560	65
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	413,940	399,915	5,025	3,880	5,110	6,970
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	985	880	10	15	85	20
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	790	690	10	15	75	15
113 Forestry and logging	30	25	0	0	10	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	20	20	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	150	140	0	0	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	600	585	15	0	0	20
211 Oil and gas extraction	180	180	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	230	220	0	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	195	185	10	0	0	10
22 Utilities	2,035	1,990	20	15	0	30
221 Utilities	2,040	1,995	20	20	0	30
23 Construction	23,950	23,050	175	175	550	265
236 Construction of buildings	7,410	7,110	60	45	190	90
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	2,005	1,920	30	15	40	40
238 Specialty trade contractors	14,535	14,015	85	115	320	140
31-33 Manufacturing	42,675	40,760	420	330	1,170	585
311 Food manufacturing	6,140	5,735	85	35	285	105
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	900	885	0	10	10	10
313 Textile mills	135	130	0	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	190	175	0	0	10	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	435	395	10	10	25	10
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	60	55	0	0	0	10
321 Wood product manufacturing	525	465	10	10	45	10
322 Paper manufacturing	1,090	1,045	0	10	30	10
323 Printing and related support activities	2,050	1,975	15	15	50	25
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	210	195	0	10	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	3,705	3,565	55	45	40	75
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	3,115	2,980	20	15	95	30
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,020	955	15	0	50	20
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,010	985	0	10	20	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	4,130	3,910	15	40	165	35
333 Machinery manufacturing	2,990	2,895	35	25	40	50
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	2,485	2,390	30	20	50	40
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	1,340	1,315	10	10	10	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	6,670	6,460	60	40	105	80
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	2,050	1,970	10	10	60	15
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	2,420	2,290	45	15	75	50
41 Wholesale trade	23,925	22,870	500	250	300	625
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	315	290	0	10	15	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	220	210	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	3,885	3,715	25	40	95	50
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	4,445	4,190	135	70	50	175
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,195	1,160	25	10	0	25
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,190	3,070	60	10	50	65
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	7,250	6,960	185	70	30	225
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	2,400	2,290	40	30	40	50
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	1,035	985	20	10	15	30
44-45 Retail trade	49,980	48,530	410	455	580	640
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	4,450	4,365	35	25	20	50
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,955	1,915	10	15	20	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	2,180	2,125	25	20	10	35
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	2,505	2,415	50	25	10	65
445 Food and beverage stores	11,190	10,660	80	85	375	120
446 Health and personal care stores	5,180	5,035	45	70	25	80
447 Gasoline stations	1,085	1,040	10	10	20	20
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	7,840	7,645	50	100	40	100
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,155	2,120	10	20	10	20
452 General merchandise stores	6,550	6,420	65	45	20	85
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,840	2,795	20	10	10	25
454 Non-store retailers	2,050	1,985	10	30	30	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	28,300	27,490	400	230	180	515
481 Air transportation	2,645	2,450	145	55	0	175
482 Rail transportation	390	360	20	10	0	20
483 Water transportation	75	70	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	6,905	6,725	65	55	70	90
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	4,660	4,585	20	15	50	25
486 Pipeline transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	4,770	4,640	45	45	35	65
491 Postal service	2,150	2,100	30	10	15	35
492 Couriers and messengers	3,000	2,915	45	25	10	60
493 Warehousing and storage	3,690	3,630	40	15	10	45
51 Information and cultural industries	11,095	10,815	140	105	35	195
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	2,040	2,005	10	10	10	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,775	1,715	25	30	10	40
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	795	755	20	0	10	25
517 Telecommunications	4,670	4,550	65	45	10	85
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	895	880	0	10	0	10
519 Other information services	920	910	10	0	0	15
52 Finance and insurance	30,945	30,150	500	245	50	625
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	20	25	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	17,980	17,510	265	190	15	360
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	4,460	4,370	65	10	20	70
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	8,290	8,060	170	50	10	195
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	190	190	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	9,395	9,150	110	80	60	145
531 Real estate	7,940	7,745	80	55	60	105
532 Rental and leasing services	1,400	1,355	30	20	0	40
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	50	50	10	0	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	41,735	40,560	505	525	145	770
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	41,735	40,560	505	525	145	765
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,185	1,155	30	10	0	30
551 Management of companies and enterprises	1,190	1,155	30	10	0	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	23,185	22,075	330	260	520	460
561 Administrative and support services	22,615	21,520	310	260	525	440
562 Waste management and remediation services	570	555	15	0	0	20
61 Educational services	26,695	25,660	565	405	70	770
611 Educational services	26,695	25,660	565	405	70	765
62 Health care and social assistance	34,480	33,670	275	285	255	410
621 Ambulatory health care services	13,705	13,395	120	125	70	185
622 Hospitals	9,185	9,040	65	60	15	95
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	5,080	4,965	25	50	45	45
624 Social assistance	6,505	6,265	65	50	130	85
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,535	6,400	60	55	20	85
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	2,230	2,175	30	15	15	35
712 Heritage institutions	225	215	0	0	10	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	4,075	4,010	25	40	0	45
72 Accommodation and food services	26,535	25,495	200	200	645	295
721 Accommodation services	2,460	2,370	35	30	20	50
722 Food services and drinking places	24,080	23,125	160	170	625	245
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,395	15,705	150	130	420	210
811 Repair and maintenance	5,045	4,930	20	20	70	35
812 Personal and laundry services	5,805	5,535	50	45	175	75
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,895	3,750	60	60	30	90
814 Private households	1,650	1,485	10	10	140	15
91 Public administration	13,300	12,945	220	120	10	280
911 Federal government public administration	3,610	3,435	105	50	10	135
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	2,995	2,885	75	30	0	95
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	6,600	6,530	35	35	0	55
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	95	90	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	361,685	349,775	4,440	3,295	4,175	6,085
Worked at home	22,640	21,775	355	220	300	465
Worked outside Canada	2,925	2,760	50	45	70	70
No fixed workplace address	39,930	38,480	395	315	735	555
Worked at usual place	296,190	286,765	3,635	2,720	3,065	5,000
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	413,940	399,920	5,025	3,885	5,110	6,965
English	394,625	385,855	3,620	3,035	2,120	5,135
French	1,335	590	600	135	0	670
Non-official language	7,355	4,680	15	60	2,605	45
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,355	4,680	15	60	2,605	45
English and French	2,485	1,170	770	530	10	1,035
English and non-official language	7,960	7,530	0	55	370	35
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	175	90	10	70	0	45
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	413,940	399,920	5,025	3,885	5,110	6,965
None	383,980	373,925	3,135	2,920	4,000	4,590
English	4,150	3,210	350	155	440	425
French	5,115	3,200	1,465	445	0	1,690
Non-official language	20,270	19,270	45	290	665	190
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	20,265	19,265	45	285	665	190
English and French	10	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	80	60	10	10	0	20
French and non-official language	330	240	25	65	0	55
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	296,190	286,765	3,635	2,720	3,070	5,000
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	159,940	154,675	1,920	1,440	1,905	2,640
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	19,765	19,095	225	150	300	305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	115,790	112,345	1,475	1,115	855	2,035
Commute to a different province or territory	695	655	15	15	0	20
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	336,120	325,245	4,035	3,035	3,805	5,555
Car, truck, van - as a driver	240,820	233,725	2,870	2,020	2,200	3,885
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	21,400	20,420	165	195	615	260
Public transit	60,750	58,440	870	700	740	1,220
Walked	8,875	8,565	65	75	165	105
Bicycle	1,135	1,075	15	10	35	20
Other method	3,135	3,015	50	30	45	60
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	336,115	325,250	4,035	3,035	3,805	5,555
Less than 15 minutes	51,140	49,690	540	365	545	720
15 to 29 minutes	114,595	110,965	1,300	990	1,340	1,795
30 to 44 minutes	81,025	78,320	965	650	1,090	1,295
45 to 59 minutes	35,955	34,700	500	405	350	705
60 minutes and over	53,410	51,575	725	630	480	1,035
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	336,115	325,245	4,035	3,035	3,800	5,550
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	19,890	19,315	165	125	290	230
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	53,630	51,790	610	360	870	790
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	88,525	85,430	1,460	985	665	1,950
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	74,510	72,265	1,020	660	560	1,355
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	46,140	44,645	365	415	715	570
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	53,425	51,805	420	490	710	660
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	708,770	668,795	8,055	7,775	24,145	11,940
Non-movers	626,905	593,285	6,895	6,695	20,035	10,245
Movers	81,865	75,510	1,160	1,080	4,115	1,700
Non-migrants	45,205	42,565	535	590	1,515	830
Migrants	36,655	32,945	630	490	2,595	870
Internal migrants	21,350	20,080	475	310	485	630
Intraprovincial migrants	18,555	17,695	270	170	420	350
Interprovincial migrants	2,795	2,380	210	140	65	280
External migrants	15,305	12,865	150	185	2,110	240
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	680,150	642,875	7,880	7,665	21,730	11,715
Non-movers	440,805	419,275	4,705	4,225	12,605	6,820
Movers	239,345	223,600	3,175	3,445	9,125	4,900
Non-migrants	128,325	121,670	1,335	1,655	3,665	2,165
Migrants	111,015	101,930	1,840	1,785	5,460	2,735
Internal migrants	54,155	51,110	1,150	805	1,090	1,555
Intraprovincial migrants	48,230	46,125	670	460	980	900
Interprovincial migrants	5,925	4,990	480	345	115	655
External migrants	56,860	50,820	695	985	4,365	1,180

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Mississauga, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.