Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Oakville, T

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	191,720	182,845	3,525	2,075	3,275	4,560
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	191,715	182,850	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
0 to 14 years	36,695	35,080	570	590	450	870
0 to 4 years	8,955	8,435	85	20	415	90
5 to 9 years	13,050	12,565	235	215	35	345
10 to 14 years	14,695	14,085	250	360	0	430
15 to 64 years	128,575	123,855	2,385	1,375	965	3,070
15 to 19 years	14,635	14,055	205	340	30	375
20 to 24 years	12,715	12,365	200	145	0	270
25 to 29 years	8,365	8,230	60	45	25	80
30 to 34 years	8,080	7,915	90	55	20	115
35 to 39 years	11,315	10,870	225	170	50	315
40 to 44 years	15,495	14,870	305	180	145	390
45 to 49 years	17,340	16,595	400	180	165	490
50 to 54 years	16,255	15,585	400	125	145	460
55 to 59 years	13,990	13,560	260	65	105	290
60 to 64 years	10,385	9,805	240	70	270	275
65 years and over	26,445	23,905	570	115	1,860	625
65 to 69 years	8,665	8,060	205	10	385	210
70 to 74 years	6,535	5,890	145	20	475	155
75 to 79 years	4,950	4,320	95	45	490	115
80 to 84 years	3,585	3,230	75	10	275	75
85 years and over	2,715	2,400	50	25	235	60
85 to 89 years	1,945	1,715	30	15	190	35
90 to 94 years	650	590	20	10	30	25
95 to 99 years	100	95	0	0	0	10
100 years and over	20	10	0	0	10	0
Average age	39.3	38.9	42.9	30.9	58.3	not applicable ...
Median age	41.4	41.1	46.6	23.5	68.0	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	155,020	147,760	2,950	1,485	2,820	3,695
Married or living common law	96,875	91,970	2,035	835	2,030	2,455
Married	89,770	85,085	1,860	825	2,010	2,270
Living common law	7,105	6,890	180	15	20	190
Not married and not living common law	58,145	55,790	910	650	795	1,235
Never married	41,510	40,315	530	570	90	815
Separated	3,465	3,340	80	15	30	85
Divorced	6,850	6,595	145	25	80	160
Widowed	6,320	5,540	150	35	595	165
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	155,020	147,765	2,945	1,485	2,825	3,695
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	147,000	140,325	2,800	1,250	2,630	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	76,541	77,593	89,537	52,736	17,951	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,078	42,948	54,584	36,141	14,361	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	147,055	140,375	2,800	1,245	2,635	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,873	57,629	63,166	42,681	16,565	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,320	38,091	46,853	31,951	14,264	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	137,260	131,785	2,655	1,135	1,690	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	77,712	78,444	89,969	54,736	16,751	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,803	42,299	55,294	38,108	8,996	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	98,120	93,070	1,865	875	2,310	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,959	5,913	6,264	4,319	8,193	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,001	1,978	2,644	1,441	4,582	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,960	110,125	2,170	950	710	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	75,614	75,890	87,132	55,320	24,839	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,508	42,579	57,098	40,303	13,004	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	94.8	94.9	95.3	93.8	59.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.6	76.8	75.4	79.6	37.4	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	5.2	5.1	4.7	5.8	40.1	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	155,020	147,765	2,950	1,485	2,825	3,690
Without total income	8,025	7,440	150	235	195	270
With total income	147,000	140,320	2,800	1,245	2,630	3,420
Percentage with total income	94.8	95.0	94.9	83.8	93.1	92.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,665	23,025	400	315	925	560
$10,000 to $19,999	19,690	18,245	260	160	1,030	340
$20,000 to $29,999	15,000	14,280	270	75	370	310
$30,000 to $39,999	11,720	11,280	195	120	120	255
$40,000 to $49,999	10,630	10,325	190	75	40	230
$50,000 to $59,999	9,000	8,735	145	85	30	190
$60,000 to $69,999	8,235	7,965	185	50	40	210
$70,000 to $79,999	6,960	6,770	115	50	25	145
$80,000 to $89,999	6,230	6,005	150	50	25	175
$90,000 to $99,999	5,795	5,605	115	60	10	150
$100,000 and over	29,075	28,095	760	205	25	860
$100,000 to $149,999	15,000	14,525	320	135	20	390
$150,000 and over	14,075	13,570	435	65	10	470
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	155,025	147,765	2,945	1,485	2,825	3,695
Without after-tax income	7,965	7,390	150	240	195	265
With after-tax income	147,055	140,375	2,800	1,250	2,630	3,420
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	95.0	95.1	84.2	93.1	92.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25,490	23,800	435	320	930	600
$10,000 to $19,999	20,740	19,250	280	165	1,045	365
$20,000 to $29,999	16,965	16,200	290	110	365	345
$30,000 to $39,999	13,880	13,400	255	90	130	300
$40,000 to $49,999	12,610	12,235	200	130	45	265
$50,000 to $59,999	10,850	10,540	200	75	35	240
$60,000 to $69,999	9,225	8,915	205	55	45	235
$70,000 to $79,999	8,360	8,080	170	95	15	220
$80,000 and over	28,940	27,955	755	205	25	860
$80,000 to $89,999	6,600	6,395	125	65	20	155
$90,000 to $99,999	4,625	4,480	110	40	0	125
$100,000 and over	17,715	17,085	525	95	10	575
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	155,020	147,765	2,945	1,485	2,825	3,695
Without employment income	41,060	37,635	775	535	2,115	1,045
With employment income	113,960	110,130	2,175	950	715	2,650
Percentage with employment income	73.5	74.5	73.9	64.0	25.3	71.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,745	16,130	295	165	160	380
$5,000 to $9,999	8,845	8,460	180	75	130	215
$10,000 to $19,999	12,510	12,045	175	100	185	225
$20,000 to $29,999	9,125	8,840	130	75	80	170
$30,000 to $39,999	7,775	7,585	105	55	30	130
$40,000 to $49,999	7,260	7,055	135	55	15	160
$50,000 to $59,999	6,730	6,525	125	70	15	160
$60,000 to $69,999	6,010	5,820	130	40	25	145
$70,000 to $79,999	5,185	5,025	90	45	25	110
$80,000 and over	33,765	32,635	820	270	45	950
$80,000 to $89,999	5,030	4,850	120	40	20	135
$90,000 to $99,999	4,980	4,810	90	65	10	125
$100,000 and over	23,755	22,975	610	165	15	690
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	155,020	147,760	2,945	1,485	2,825	3,690
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	55,150	53,530	1,035	405	170	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	76,987	76,790	94,363	78,274	35,470	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	111,473	111,500	130,892	86,863	45,161	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	191,720	182,850	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
English only	165,465	165,465	0	0	0	0
French only	150	0	150	0	0	150
English and French	22,765	17,315	3,375	2,075	0	4,410
Neither English nor French	3,340	65	0	0	3,275	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	191,715	182,850	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
English	149,425	147,560	1,860	0	0	1,865
French	1,350	55	1,295	0	0	1,295
Non-official language	28,330	23,320	55	1,680	3,275	890
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	28,330	23,315	55	1,680	3,275	890
English and French	560	180	170	210	0	275
English and non-official language	11,680	11,655	25	0	0	25
French and non-official language	75	0	75	0	0	75
English, French and non-official language	300	75	45	185	0	135
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	191,720	182,845	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
None	153,450	148,010	1,520	910	3,005	1,975
English	14,860	12,955	840	900	170	1,290
French	2,895	1,910	935	45	0	960
Non-official language	19,745	19,460	140	45	100	170
Aboriginal	20	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	19,725	19,440	145	45	100	170
English and French	185	25	0	150	0	80
English and non-official language	200	145	45	15	0	50
French and non-official language	375	350	30	0	0	25
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	191,715	182,845	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
English	122,655	122,650	0	0	0	0
French	3,385	180	3,200	0	0	3,200
Non-official language	59,935	54,660	160	1,840	3,275	1,080
Aboriginal	10	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	59,920	54,650	160	1,840	3,275	1,080
English and French	600	420	35	145	0	110
English and non-official language	4,755	4,760	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	165	50	110	0	0	110
English, French and non-official language	230	125	10	90	0	55
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	191,720	182,845	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
Official languages	188,380	182,780	3,525	2,075	0	4,560
English	188,230	182,780	3,375	2,075	0	4,410
French	22,915	17,315	3,525	2,075	0	4,560
Non-official languages	75,230	69,205	790	1,955	3,275	1,770
Aboriginal languages	25	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	75,200	69,180	790	1,960	3,275	1,770
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	191,715	182,845	3,525	2,075	3,275	4,560
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	1,420	1,330	70	15	0	80
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	1,370	1,280	75	15	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	810	785	20	0	0	25
Métis	560	500	55	10	0	55
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	35	35	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	190,300	181,520	3,445	2,060	3,275	4,480
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	191,720	182,845	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	390	390	10	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	191,325	182,460	3,515	2,075	3,275	4,555
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	191,720	182,850	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	90	90	10	0	0	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	90	85	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	55	50	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	35	35	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	2,590	2,360	200	35	0	215
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	2,565	2,335	200	30	0	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,815	1,655	125	35	0	145
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	710	640	70	0	0	70
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	40	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	25	25	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	25	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	189,035	180,395	3,320	2,045	3,275	4,340
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	191,715	182,850	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	173,220	166,700	3,240	1,640	1,645	4,060
Canadian citizens only	156,535	151,195	2,900	1,055	1,385	3,430
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	16,685	15,500	335	585	260	630
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	18,495	16,150	280	435	1,635	500
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	191,720	182,845	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	119,945	116,190	2,675	665	420	3,005
Immigrants^Footnote 42	68,845	63,945	755	1,405	2,740	1,460
Before 1981	19,690	18,980	175	90	440	220
1981 to 1990	7,890	7,535	65	105	175	120
1991 to 2000	12,890	12,045	165	255	430	285
2001 to 2010	18,195	16,605	215	615	765	515
2001 to 2005	9,435	8,765	60	270	345	195
2006 to 2010	8,760	7,840	150	350	420	325
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	10,185	8,780	145	340	920	310
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	2,925	2,710	90	10	115	95
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	68,845	63,945	755	1,405	2,740	1,460
Under 5 years	7,520	7,175	85	215	50	190
5 to 14 years	13,260	12,785	125	325	20	285
15 to 24 years	12,690	12,240	135	145	175	210
25 to 44 years	29,520	27,820	375	590	750	665
45 years and over	5,855	3,930	40	135	1,745	110
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	68,850	63,945	755	1,400	2,740	1,460
Americas	9,010	8,515	60	340	95	230
Brazil	330	305	0	15	10	10
Colombia	665	615	0	40	15	20
El Salvador	155	135	0	10	10	10
Guyana	425	425	0	0	0	0
Haiti	30	10	15	0	0	15
Jamaica	1,120	1,120	0	0	0	0
Mexico	525	460	0	55	10	30
Peru	535	490	0	25	20	10
Trinidad and Tobago	680	675	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	2,325	2,245	30	45	10	50
Other places of birth in Americas	2,225	2,030	15	150	30	90
Europe	24,975	23,440	340	440	755	560
Bosnia and Herzegovina	435	425	0	0	10	0
Croatia	1,175	1,135	0	10	35	10
France	285	85	200	0	0	200
Germany	1,170	1,135	15	20	0	20
Greece	280	265	0	0	10	0
Hungary	300	295	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	440	440	0	0	0	0
Italy	1,730	1,615	10	10	95	10
Netherlands	510	480	0	25	0	15
Poland	2,625	2,485	0	30	110	15
Portugal	2,255	1,940	0	15	300	10
Romania	1,045	845	10	150	40	85
Russian Federation	925	815	10	50	60	30
Serbia^Footnote 49	655	620	0	25	10	15
Ukraine	660	615	0	20	20	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	7,550	7,530	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	2,940	2,700	80	90	65	125
Africa	5,455	4,840	270	290	55	415
Algeria	40	0	20	10	0	30
Egypt	2,145	1,830	75	215	25	185
Ethiopia	55	45	0	0	10	0
Kenya	375	375	0	0	0	0
Morocco	65	20	30	15	0	40
Nigeria	510	510	0	0	0	0
Somalia	15	15	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,150	1,155	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,105	895	145	45	20	170
Asia	29,065	26,805	85	335	1,835	250
Afghanistan	570	495	0	10	75	0
Bangladesh	245	245	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	6,420	5,320	10	70	1,030	40
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	995	970	0	10	15	0
India	5,255	4,970	0	25	265	15
Iran^Footnote 53	1,010	950	0	20	30	20
Iraq	945	900	0	10	40	0
Japan	200	200	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	2,000	1,845	0	35	125	20
Lebanon	490	405	45	40	10	60
Pakistan	2,865	2,750	0	30	80	25
Philippines	2,550	2,540	0	0	15	0
Sri Lanka	670	650	0	0	25	0
Syria^Footnote 55	280	260	0	0	20	0
Taiwan	415	395	0	0	20	0
Viet Nam	635	540	0	10	80	10
Other places of birth in Asia	3,515	3,380	15	95	25	60
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	350	345	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	10,180	8,780	140	335	925	310
Americas	1,430	1,255	10	135	25	80
Brazil	100	85	0	10	10	0
Colombia	80	75	0	10	0	0
Cuba	15	15	0	0	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	20	0	0	0	0
Mexico	140	115	0	25	0	15
United States^Footnote 58	515	495	0	10	0	10
Venezuela^Footnote 59	210	175	0	25	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	345	270	10	55	10	35
Europe	1,320	1,110	50	40	110	75
France	55	10	45	0	0	45
Germany	35	30	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	75	70	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	10	15	0	0	0	0
Romania	50	35	0	10	10	0
Russian Federation	200	165	0	10	35	10
Ukraine	65	55	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	385	385	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	430	345	10	20	55	20
Africa	1,240	1,070	65	90	20	110
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	735	610	35	80	10	75
Eritrea	10	0	0	0	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	235	230	0	0	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	115	115	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	140	110	20	10	0	25
Asia	6,105	5,255	20	65	765	45
Afghanistan	140	100	0	0	35	0
Bangladesh	75	75	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	1,845	1,265	0	15	555	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	25	30	0	0	0	0
India	785	740	0	0	50	0
Iran^Footnote 65	115	95	0	0	10	10
Iraq	255	225	0	10	25	0
Israel	75	75	0	0	0	0
Japan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	335	270	0	10	55	0
Lebanon	95	85	0	0	0	10
Nepal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	510	485	0	10	15	10
Philippines	835	835	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	130	125	0	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	30	30	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	55	50	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Turkey	90	95	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	160	150	10	10	0	10
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	430	420	0	10	10	10
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	95	95	0	0	0	0
Australia	75	75	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	191,715	182,845	3,525	2,075	3,275	4,560
First generation^Footnote 71	73,255	68,070	895	1,420	2,865	1,605
Second generation^Footnote 72	54,015	52,570	500	570	375	785
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	64,450	62,210	2,125	85	35	2,170
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	50,005	45,780	585	1,315	2,325	1,240
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	33,715	31,585	440	1,105	585	990
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	12,335	11,510	195	395	235	390
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	21,380	20,075	245	715	350	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	11,745	9,960	115	120	1,545	175
Refugees^Footnote 79	4,275	4,020	25	75	150	65
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	270	215	0	15	45	10
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	191,720	182,845	3,520	2,075	3,275	4,560
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	59,075	55,105	515	1,155	2,300	1,090
South Asian^Footnote 83	17,095	16,405	75	195	425	165
Chinese	13,435	11,825	70	190	1,350	165
Black	5,520	5,325	155	15	20	165
Filipino	3,715	3,685	0	10	15	10
Latin American	3,595	3,260	10	250	80	130
Arab	6,095	5,535	180	330	50	345
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	1,030	950	10	20	50	15
West Asian^Footnote 85	2,095	1,940	10	40	105	25
Korean	3,080	2,845	15	65	155	45
Japanese	690	680	10	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	810	800	10	10	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	1,920	1,850	0	25	40	15
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	132,640	127,740	3,010	925	975	3,470
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	191,720	182,845	3,525	2,075	3,275	4,560
North American Aboriginal origins	2,685	2,450	200	35	0	220
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,900	1,740	130	35	0	150
Inuit	40	40	0	0	0	0
Métis	770	700	70	0	0	70
Other North American origins	34,205	32,610	1,420	130	40	1,485
Acadian	180	145	35	0	0	35
American	2,295	2,270	20	10	0	25
Canadian	32,415	30,905	1,350	125	40	1,405
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	45	45	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Québécois	60	25	30	0	0	30
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	20	20	0	0	0	0
European origins	126,415	121,985	2,525	1,000	905	3,025
British Isles origins	73,135	72,400	600	130	0	665
Channel Islander	35	35	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	42,280	41,950	265	60	10	295
Irish	30,880	30,570	290	20	0	300
Manx	55	55	0	0	0	0
Scottish	31,525	31,335	150	40	0	165
Welsh	3,040	3,025	0	15	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	6,280	6,210	60	10	0	65
French origins	14,265	11,975	2,105	175	15	2,190
Alsatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	0	0	0	0	0
French	14,255	11,965	2,105	170	15	2,190
Western European origins (except French origins)	22,380	21,885	300	150	45	370
Austrian	1,400	1,385	10	10	0	10
Bavarian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Belgian	685	565	110	10	0	115
Dutch	5,880	5,790	25	30	30	40
Flemish	65	65	0	0	0	0
Frisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	15,500	15,320	70	85	20	115
Luxembourger	60	50	0	0	0	10
Swiss	955	810	120	30	0	135
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,225	4,200	25	0	0	20
Danish	1,035	1,035	0	0	0	0
Finnish	865	865	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	220	220	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,080	1,060	20	0	0	20
Swedish	1,120	1,125	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	220	220	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	24,950	24,180	110	380	285	300
Bulgarian	560	520	0	35	10	15
Byelorussian	295	265	0	10	20	0
Czech	990	975	0	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	220	215	10	0	0	10
Estonian	255	260	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,350	2,305	10	25	0	20
Latvian	470	460	10	0	0	10
Lithuanian	580	565	10	10	0	10
Moldovan	85	85	0	10	0	0
Polish	9,890	9,660	45	60	135	70
Romanian	2,145	1,920	10	165	50	90
Russian	3,310	3,130	15	90	85	55
Slovak	1,005	990	10	10	0	15
Ukrainian	6,995	6,885	30	45	30	50
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	85	90	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	37,405	36,060	355	415	575	560
Albanian	435	370	10	20	35	20
Bosnian	300	295	0	0	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	4,045	3,985	15	20	25	25
Cypriot	70	70	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,375	2,310	40	20	0	50
Italian	16,900	16,520	175	80	125	215
Kosovar	30	30	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	975	970	0	15	0	10
Maltese	955	940	0	10	0	10
Montenegrin	110	105	10	0	0	10
Portuguese	7,550	7,170	20	30	330	30
Serbian	2,470	2,345	10	85	30	50
Sicilian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	835	840	0	0	0	0
Spanish	3,835	3,520	90	180	45	180
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	355	350	0	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	55	50	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,225	1,180	10	10	15	20
Basque	65	65	0	0	0	0
Jewish	785	755	0	15	15	10
Roma (Gypsy)	30	30	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	80	85	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	265	250	10	10	0	15
Caribbean origins	5,075	4,950	60	65	10	90
Antiguan	35	25	10	0	0	10
Bahamian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	460	455	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Carib	55	55	0	0	0	0
Cuban	220	210	0	10	0	0
Dominican	230	180	0	40	0	25
Grenadian	110	105	0	0	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	55	30	20	0	0	20
Jamaican	2,535	2,515	10	10	0	15
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	40	40	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	825	825	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	105	105	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	595	570	20	0	0	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	145	140	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	5,715	5,335	25	280	75	165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	125	125	0	0	0	0
Arawak	25	25	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	270	255	10	0	0	0
Belizean	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	55	50	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	420	405	0	10	10	0
Chilean	205	200	0	0	0	10
Colombian	950	865	0	60	20	30
Costa Rican	70	70	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	235	230	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	75	80	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	585	585	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	90	55	0	30	0	15
Honduran	40	40	0	0	10	0
Maya	25	25	0	0	0	0
Mexican	865	775	10	75	10	45
Nicaraguan	80	75	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	690	650	0	30	10	15
Salvadorean	175	155	10	0	10	10
Uruguayan	20	20	0	0	0	10
Venezuelan	810	715	0	90	0	50
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	240	240	0	10	0	0
African origins	7,160	6,420	425	280	40	560
Central and West African origins	1,045	980	55	10	0	60
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	20	0	20	0	0	20
Chadian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	275	270	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ibo	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	545	540	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	100	100	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	35	25	10	0	0	10
North African origins	3,500	2,925	285	265	25	420
Algerian	80	0	65	10	0	70
Berber	10	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	95	100	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	2,965	2,635	105	200	25	205
Libyan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Maure	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	180	75	90	15	0	95
Sudanese	65	65	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	70	40	30	0	0	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	90	35	10	45	0	35
Southern and East African origins	1,285	1,245	25	0	10	25
Afrikaner	45	40	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	25	25	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	45	40	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	80	70	0	10	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	115	115	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	25	0	20	0	0	15
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	30	0	0	0	0
South African	740	740	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	25	30	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	70	70	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	130	120	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	1,430	1,360	60	0	0	60
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	185	180	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	1,300	1,235	60	0	0	60
Asian origins	50,825	47,395	395	780	2,250	785
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	10,075	9,360	200	265	250	335
Afghan	1,065	980	0	10	75	10
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,170	1,060	45	45	20	65
Armenian	520	450	35	0	20	40
Assyrian	80	75	0	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	45	45	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,655	1,565	10	30	50	25
Iraqi	985	935	0	15	35	10
Israeli	145	125	15	0	0	15
Jordanian	560	560	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	45	45	0	0	10	0
Kurd	80	80	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,445	1,310	80	50	10	100
Palestinian	920	910	0	10	0	0
Pashtun	60	55	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	135	120	0	10	0	0
Syrian	725	690	0	10	25	10
Tajik	60	55	0	0	0	0
Tatar	95	85	0	10	0	10
Turk	905	825	25	50	10	50
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	65	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	50	45	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	505	480	0	10	15	10
South Asian origins	17,735	17,010	105	205	420	210
Bangladeshi	165	165	0	0	0	0
Bengali	140	145	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	12,615	12,130	100	130	250	170
Goan	175	175	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	25	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	45	40	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	3,170	3,030	15	45	80	35
Punjabi	770	680	0	15	75	10
Sinhalese	130	130	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	690	660	0	15	10	0
Tamil	185	165	0	0	20	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	925	875	0	20	35	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	23,740	21,750	90	310	1,585	250
Burmese	65	70	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	35	0	0	0	0
Chinese	14,840	13,205	75	200	1,360	170
Filipino	4,115	4,090	0	10	15	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	210	210	0	0	0	0
Japanese	990	970	10	10	10	10
Karen	0	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	3,175	2,940	10	65	155	45
Laotian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	100	100	0	10	0	0
Mongolian	60	55	0	0	0	10
Singaporean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	155	150	0	0	0	0
Thai	65	70	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	905	815	0	15	70	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	85	90	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	160	150	0	0	10	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	155	145	0	0	10	0
Oceania origins	445	440	0	0	0	0
Australian	325	325	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	105	105	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	25	25	0	0	0	0
Fijian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	155,025	147,765	2,950	1,485	2,825	3,690
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,075	16,270	305	225	1,275	415
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	35,120	33,900	480	255	485	610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	101,830	97,590	2,160	1,010	1,065	2,665
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,705	5,410	150	35	110	170
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	2,985	2,815	75	10	80	85
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	2,725	2,595	75	25	30	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,055	26,220	475	100	260	525
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,260	3,965	160	15	125	165
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	64,815	62,005	1,370	855	575	1,805
Bachelor's degree	41,990	40,305	855	400	430	1,055
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,160	3,855	100	145	55	175
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,975	1,910	40	15	0	45
Master's degree	14,885	14,220	345	250	70	470
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	1,805	1,715	40	40	15	60
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	155,020	147,765	2,950	1,490	2,825	3,695
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	53,195	50,170	790	475	1,760	1,025
Education	5,270	5,005	160	50	55	185
13. Education	5,270	5,005	160	50	55	185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,510	4,325	100	30	50	115
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	600	595	10	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	3,905	3,735	95	30	50	110
Humanities	6,180	5,880	145	105	45	195
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	625	535	40	30	25	55
23. English language and literature/letters	1,845	1,805	15	20	0	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,825	1,770	25	15	10	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	20	15	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	340	325	10	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	195	0	0	0	0
54. History	1,010	980	15	10	10	20
55. French language and literature/letters	310	250	35	25	0	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15,565	15,105	235	125	105	290
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	140	10	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,745	1,715	15	10	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,550	1,500	15	15	10	25
22. Legal professions and studies	2,465	2,385	35	25	15	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	235	215	15	0	0	15
42. Psychology	2,430	2,385	40	0	10	40
45. Social sciences	6,995	6,755	115	65	65	145
Business, management and public administration	28,195	27,015	730	275	175	870
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	30	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,240	1,215	15	10	0	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	26,925	25,775	715	270	170	850
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,010	4,760	70	70	100	110
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,020	1,945	25	45	10	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,255	1,245	10	0	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	75	70	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,545	1,395	35	30	85	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	105	0	0	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,525	5,290	100	60	70	135
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,955	3,800	80	45	25	105
25. Library science	260	245	0	0	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,210	1,145	20	10	35	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	100	100	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	16,175	15,400	300	185	290	395
04. Architecture and related services	875	840	20	10	10	25
14. Engineering	8,355	7,800	185	165	205	270
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,690	2,625	25	10	35	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,590	1,525	35	10	20	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,670	1,645	20	0	0	20
48. Precision production	995	955	15	0	20	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,140	1,085	10	0	40	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	660	625	0	0	35	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	475	465	10	0	0	10
Health and related fields	11,120	10,685	255	80	100	295
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,220	1,180	25	10	15	30
51. Health professions and related programs	9,295	8,925	220	70	85	250
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	600	585	15	10	0	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,140	3,025	55	20	35	65
12. Personal and culinary services	1,745	1,665	30	15	30	45
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	920	905	10	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	415	15	0	0	10
Other	0	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	155,025	147,765	2,950	1,485	2,825	3,690
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,195	50,170	790	475	1,755	1,025
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	101,830	97,595	2,160	1,010	1,065	2,665
Location of study inside Canada	72,175	69,860	1,815	440	65	2,030
Same as province or territory of residence	63,410	62,175	905	280	60	1,045
Different than province or territory of residence	8,765	7,690	905	165	10	985
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	29,650	27,735	350	565	1,000	635
United States^Footnote 130	3,990	3,915	40	30	10	55
Philippines	1,460	1,460	0	0	0	0
India	2,370	2,355	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	3,905	3,865	15	20	0	25
China^Footnote 132	2,910	2,325	0	0	585	0
France	205	90	110	10	0	115
Other	14,820	13,720	180	505	405	435
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	155,025	147,760	2,950	1,485	2,820	not applicable ...
In the labour force	105,750	102,355	1,960	945	485	not applicable ...
Employed	98,455	95,375	1,790	835	455	not applicable ...
Unemployed	7,295	6,980	175	115	25	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	49,275	45,405	985	535	2,345	not applicable ...
Participation rate	68.2	69.3	66.4	63.6	17.2	not applicable ...
Employment rate	63.5	64.5	60.7	56.2	16.1	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.8	8.9	12.2	5.2	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	155,020	147,760	2,950	1,485	2,820	3,695
Did not work^Footnote 135	45,925	42,305	840	520	2,260	1,105
Worked	109,095	105,455	2,105	970	565	2,590
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	56,875	55,170	1,110	425	175	1,315
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	52,220	50,285	995	540	390	1,270
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.4	42.0	38.3	38.6	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	112,355	108,610	2,145	1,000	595	2,645
a.Management	19,190	18,400	505	170	115	590
00 Senior management occupations	3,470	3,335	125	10	0	130
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	8,340	7,940	240	120	40	300
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	4,865	4,685	90	35	65	100
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,515	2,440	60	10	10	60
b.Professional	29,935	28,905	605	360	60	785
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	8,010	7,760	140	80	25	185
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	7,655	7,430	120	90	20	165
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,310	1,275	20	10	0	25
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,685	2,615	40	30	0	55
40 Professional occupations in education services	4,810	4,525	175	110	0	230
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	4,060	3,945	75	20	20	85
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,405	1,350	30	15	0	40
c.Technical and paraprofessional	10,365	9,975	245	120	25	300
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,760	2,660	55	35	10	75
32 Technical occupations in health	1,415	1,380	25	10	0	25
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,745	1,640	70	30	10	85
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	695	685	10	0	10	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,750	3,605	90	45	10	110
d.Administration and administrative support	13,485	13,070	230	115	60	290
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	6,245	6,065	105	55	20	135
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,265	1,205	30	0	20	35
14 Office support occupations	4,655	4,515	85	35	25	100
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,315	1,290	15	15	0	20
e.Sales	13,305	12,965	215	95	30	265
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	4,320	4,205	65	35	15	85
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	5,745	5,565	125	35	10	145
66 Sales support occupations	3,250	3,190	25	25	0	35
f.Personal and customer information services	14,285	13,795	205	95	190	255
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	830	815	0	10	0	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,840	1,710	35	20	75	40
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,240	2,160	30	10	45	35
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,725	4,595	95	35	10	110
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	4,655	4,520	45	30	60	60
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,105	4,005	55	15	20	65
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,730	2,670	40	15	10	45
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,370	1,335	20	0	10	25
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,595	3,510	35	10	40	40
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,155	1,130	15	0	0	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,695	1,665	20	0	10	20
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	740	715	0	10	25	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,245	1,210	15	0	10	15
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	205	195	10	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	125	110	0	10	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	915	900	10	0	10	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,855	2,765	25	25	40	40
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	365	350	0	15	0	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	520	500	0	0	20	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,190	1,165	10	0	15	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	780	750	15	10	10	20
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	112,355	108,610	2,145	1,000	595	2,645
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	310	295	0	0	10	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	245	235	0	10	10	10
113 Forestry and logging	15	10	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	45	45	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	360	320	30	10	0	30
211 Oil and gas extraction	35	35	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	160	135	15	0	0	15
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	165	150	15	10	0	15
22 Utilities	700	675	10	15	0	15
221 Utilities	700	680	10	15	0	20
23 Construction	5,190	5,060	70	20	40	80
236 Construction of buildings	1,855	1,805	30	10	10	30
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	455	450	0	0	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,880	2,805	35	15	25	45
31-33 Manufacturing	8,500	8,200	190	65	50	225
311 Food manufacturing	1,040	1,010	15	10	10	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	265	250	15	10	0	15
313 Textile mills	20	15	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	35	35	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	80	70	0	0	0	10
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	100	90	10	0	0	10
322 Paper manufacturing	155	150	0	0	0	10
323 Printing and related support activities	345	320	10	0	15	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	55	55	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	770	725	30	15	0	35
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	520	515	10	0	0	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	195	190	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	195	190	10	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	560	550	10	0	0	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	630	605	20	0	0	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	570	550	0	0	10	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	260	250	10	10	0	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	2,000	1,950	40	10	0	45
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	240	235	0	0	10	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	480	450	15	10	10	20
41 Wholesale trade	6,040	5,815	170	50	10	195
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	20	25	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	110	100	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	760	745	10	0	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,230	1,155	50	25	0	60
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	260	260	10	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	670	650	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,075	1,975	80	20	0	90
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	580	570	10	10	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	340	335	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	12,410	12,115	145	70	75	180
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,135	1,115	10	10	0	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	520	500	10	0	0	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	520	520	0	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	750	740	0	0	10	0
445 Food and beverage stores	3,300	3,225	30	10	35	35
446 Health and personal care stores	1,270	1,230	15	20	10	25
447 Gasoline stations	220	220	0	0	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,665	1,630	15	20	10	25
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	750	725	20	0	10	25
452 General merchandise stores	1,085	1,065	15	10	0	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	700	675	15	10	0	20
454 Non-store retailers	475	460	0	0	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,030	3,875	105	15	30	120
481 Air transportation	630	565	65	0	0	65
482 Rail transportation	120	120	10	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	0	10	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	915	895	10	0	10	15
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	735	705	10	0	20	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	655	635	10	10	0	10
491 Postal service	280	270	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	295	290	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	380	375	10	0	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	3,455	3,335	65	55	10	90
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	650	625	10	15	0	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	660	640	20	10	0	20
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	325	305	10	10	0	15
517 Telecommunications	1,185	1,135	25	20	0	35
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	290	285	10	0	0	10
519 Other information services	345	340	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	11,245	10,880	210	130	30	275
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	6,040	5,825	120	90	10	165
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,315	2,260	30	20	0	40
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,800	2,700	60	25	20	70
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	90	85	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,270	3,155	60	35	25	75
531 Real estate	2,985	2,870	60	30	25	75
532 Rental and leasing services	235	235	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	50	45	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,560	14,095	265	120	85	325
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,560	14,095	265	120	85	325
55 Management of companies and enterprises	560	545	10	0	0	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	555	545	10	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,170	4,050	55	40	30	75
561 Administrative and support services	4,065	3,945	55	35	30	75
562 Waste management and remediation services	105	100	0	0	0	10
61 Educational services	9,155	8,685	285	175	15	370
611 Educational services	9,155	8,685	290	175	15	375
62 Health care and social assistance	9,900	9,605	165	85	40	210
621 Ambulatory health care services	4,250	4,115	90	45	10	110
622 Hospitals	2,665	2,620	20	20	0	30
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,160	1,120	25	0	10	30
624 Social assistance	1,825	1,755	35	15	25	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,755	2,655	80	15	10	85
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	820	795	20	10	0	20
712 Heritage institutions	80	70	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,850	1,785	55	10	0	60
72 Accommodation and food services	7,025	6,800	100	50	80	120
721 Accommodation services	580	560	15	0	0	20
722 Food services and drinking places	6,445	6,235	80	50	75	105
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,040	3,895	60	25	65	70
811 Repair and maintenance	855	835	15	0	10	15
812 Personal and laundry services	1,465	1,430	25	15	10	25
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,150	1,125	15	10	0	15
814 Private households	570	500	15	0	55	15
91 Public administration	4,660	4,555	70	30	10	90
911 Federal government public administration	885	860	20	10	0	25
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	865	840	20	10	0	25
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,895	2,840	30	15	10	40
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	98,460	95,375	1,790	835	460	2,205
Worked at home	10,610	10,250	200	65	100	230
Worked outside Canada	735	645	10	25	50	20
No fixed workplace address	8,280	8,010	150	35	85	165
Worked at usual place	78,830	76,470	1,435	705	220	1,785
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	112,355	108,610	2,145	1,000	595	2,645
English	108,840	106,185	1,660	790	205	2,055
French	540	240	260	40	0	280
Non-official language	1,090	700	10	40	340	20
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,090	705	0	40	340	25
English and French	580	290	195	90	0	235
English and non-official language	1,245	1,165	0	15	50	15
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	60	25	15	15	0	25
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	112,350	108,610	2,145	1,000	595	2,645
None	105,910	103,430	1,285	715	490	1,640
English	930	645	170	65	45	200
French	2,215	1,435	660	115	0	720
Non-official language	3,150	2,995	25	65	60	60
Aboriginal	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,145	2,985	25	65	60	60
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	130	90	10	35	0	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	78,830	76,475	1,435	705	225	1,785
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,395	27,575	540	205	80	640
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,690	6,475	130	50	30	155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	43,400	42,105	745	440	115	960
Commute to a different province or territory	340	315	20	10	0	25
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	87,115	84,480	1,585	740	305	1,955
Car, truck, van - as a driver	63,335	61,470	1,210	485	170	1,450
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,780	4,595	90	45	55	110
Public transit	14,620	14,210	215	165	35	295
Walked	2,895	2,815	40	25	20	50
Bicycle	555	535	15	0	0	20
Other method	925	860	25	10	30	30
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	87,115	84,480	1,585	740	305	1,950
Less than 15 minutes	17,800	17,315	295	145	45	360
15 to 29 minutes	24,230	23,420	535	190	100	625
30 to 44 minutes	17,780	17,255	320	130	70	390
45 to 59 minutes	11,370	11,020	190	130	30	255
60 minutes and over	15,935	15,470	250	145	65	320
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	87,115	84,480	1,585	740	310	1,955
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,275	4,155	65	20	35	70
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,920	12,540	250	80	45	290
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,765	25,875	550	290	45	700
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	21,085	20,405	400	235	45	515
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	11,175	10,865	175	60	75	205
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,890	10,635	140	55	65	170
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	190,215	181,445	3,520	2,070	3,175	4,560
Non-movers	167,795	160,445	3,010	1,780	2,565	3,895
Movers	22,420	21,000	510	300	610	660
Non-migrants	10,005	9,630	155	55	165	180
Migrants	12,415	11,365	355	240	445	475
Internal migrants	9,165	8,550	280	150	190	350
Intraprovincial migrants	8,120	7,675	190	80	175	230
Interprovincial migrants	1,040	875	80	70	15	120
External migrants	3,245	2,820	85	95	260	130
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	182,765	174,410	3,440	2,060	2,860	4,465
Non-movers	115,050	110,770	1,975	1,010	1,290	2,485
Movers	67,720	63,645	1,455	1,050	1,570	1,980
Non-migrants	27,405	26,420	425	230	325	535
Migrants	40,320	37,225	1,035	820	1,245	1,445
Internal migrants	27,520	25,935	720	425	440	930
Intraprovincial migrants	24,720	23,545	480	290	400	625
Interprovincial migrants	2,800	2,390	235	135	35	305
External migrants	12,795	11,290	310	395	800	510

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Oakville, T

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.