Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Niagara
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,160	2,690	12,360
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,165	2,690	12,360
0 to 14 years	66,605	65,290	775	280	255	920
0 to 4 years	20,760	20,305	190	65	205	225
5 to 9 years	22,525	22,110	290	95	25	335
10 to 14 years	23,315	22,875	300	115	25	355
15 to 64 years	282,665	273,860	7,060	700	1,045	7,410
15 to 19 years	25,620	25,030	435	125	30	500
20 to 24 years	27,915	27,425	350	95	50	395
25 to 29 years	24,930	24,440	365	80	45	405
30 to 34 years	23,800	23,240	465	20	70	480
35 to 39 years	23,725	23,000	550	75	100	590
40 to 44 years	25,910	25,075	680	55	100	715
45 to 49 years	28,860	27,970	705	85	105	745
50 to 54 years	34,970	33,655	1,095	65	165	1,120
55 to 59 years	34,575	33,230	1,095	45	205	1,115
60 to 64 years	32,350	30,785	1,320	60	180	1,355
65 years and over	88,895	83,380	3,940	185	1,395	4,035
65 to 69 years	30,095	28,605	1,230	40	220	1,255
70 to 74 years	21,785	20,475	1,050	40	220	1,070
75 to 79 years	15,610	14,580	700	35	295	720
80 to 84 years	11,495	10,600	525	35	335	545
85 years and over	9,915	9,120	435	30	330	450
85 to 89 years	6,845	6,305	300	25	205	315
90 to 94 years	2,585	2,365	120	0	95	125
95 to 99 years	460	425	10	0	25	10
100 years and over	30	25	0	0	0	0
Average age	43.1	42.8	53.3	36.2	59.6	not applicable ...
Median age	45.1	44.6	57.5	30.4	66.3	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	371,560	357,240	11,000	880	2,435	11,440
Married or living common law	215,485	206,860	6,835	450	1,340	7,055
Married	182,465	174,880	5,855	400	1,325	6,050
Living common law	33,020	31,980	980	55	15	1,005
Not married and not living common law	156,075	150,375	4,165	430	1,095	4,385
Never married	95,220	92,905	1,800	330	190	1,965
Separated	13,235	12,640	475	30	100	490
Divorced	24,340	23,385	830	40	90	850
Widowed	23,275	21,445	1,070	35	725	1,085
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	371,555	357,235	11,000	885	2,435	11,440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	359,420	345,530	10,765	805	2,325	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,858	41,974	43,143	36,452	20,588	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,618	31,851	31,458	20,576	17,976	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	359,550	345,650	10,770	805	2,325	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,535	35,634	36,159	30,554	19,662	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,052	29,203	29,224	20,268	17,784	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	320,335	308,915	9,250	670	1,500	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,739	39,844	40,419	36,384	15,282	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,403	28,610	26,622	21,270	10,572	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	272,600	261,310	8,505	655	2,130	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,493	8,399	10,642	7,566	11,719	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,216	7,056	11,000	5,045	13,131	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	255,855	247,905	6,610	535	805	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,915	38,928	40,888	37,713	19,520	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,590	28,623	31,582	20,152	16,680	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	84.6	84.9	80.5	83.0	47.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	66.2	66.5	58.2	69.2	32.8	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	15.4	15.1	19.5	16.9	52.0	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	371,555	357,240	10,995	880	2,440	11,440
Without total income	12,140	11,710	235	80	115	280
With total income	359,420	345,530	10,760	800	2,330	11,165
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.7	97.9	90.9	95.5	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	48,550	46,730	1,195	175	445	1,280
$10,000 to $19,999	66,605	63,440	2,070	205	900	2,170
$20,000 to $29,999	56,700	54,160	1,890	95	550	1,940
$30,000 to $39,999	45,745	43,855	1,510	95	280	1,560
$40,000 to $49,999	37,510	36,260	1,070	80	100	1,110
$50,000 to $59,999	28,500	27,605	835	40	20	850
$60,000 to $69,999	19,920	19,345	550	10	20	550
$70,000 to $79,999	13,795	13,370	400	15	10	410
$80,000 to $89,999	10,835	10,500	315	15	0	325
$90,000 to $99,999	9,520	9,130	380	10	0	385
$100,000 and over	21,745	21,135	545	65	10	575
$100,000 to $149,999	15,765	15,315	410	35	0	430
$150,000 and over	5,980	5,820	130	25	10	145
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	371,560	357,240	11,000	880	2,440	11,440
Without after-tax income	12,010	11,585	230	80	110	270
With after-tax income	359,550	345,650	10,775	800	2,325	11,175
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	96.8	98.0	90.9	95.3	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50,545	48,675	1,245	180	455	1,335
$10,000 to $19,999	69,420	66,145	2,160	210	900	2,265
$20,000 to $29,999	65,235	62,365	2,150	95	620	2,195
$30,000 to $39,999	52,895	50,825	1,725	120	230	1,785
$40,000 to $49,999	41,660	40,280	1,225	65	85	1,260
$50,000 to $59,999	26,625	25,865	700	35	25	720
$60,000 to $69,999	17,405	16,845	540	15	10	550
$70,000 to $79,999	13,565	13,090	470	10	0	475
$80,000 and over	22,200	21,570	560	65	10	590
$80,000 to $89,999	8,290	8,050	210	35	0	225
$90,000 to $99,999	4,490	4,365	115	10	0	125
$100,000 and over	9,415	9,150	230	25	10	245
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	371,560	357,240	11,000	880	2,440	11,440
Without employment income	115,700	109,330	4,390	350	1,635	4,565
With employment income	255,855	247,910	6,605	535	805	6,875
Percentage with employment income	68.9	69.4	60.0	60.8	33.0	60.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	42,430	40,805	1,375	120	125	1,435
$5,000 to $9,999	22,315	21,735	415	45	120	435
$10,000 to $19,999	36,900	35,875	705	95	220	755
$20,000 to $29,999	30,415	29,455	695	75	190	730
$30,000 to $39,999	26,650	25,740	755	50	105	780
$40,000 to $49,999	23,165	22,470	640	35	20	655
$50,000 to $59,999	18,400	17,935	440	15	0	445
$60,000 to $69,999	13,040	12,685	340	15	10	350
$70,000 to $79,999	9,745	9,500	240	10	0	240
$80,000 and over	32,805	31,725	1,010	70	10	1,040
$80,000 to $89,999	8,115	7,835	265	10	0	270
$90,000 to $99,999	8,385	8,050	325	10	0	325
$100,000 and over	16,310	15,835	420	50	10	445
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	371,560	357,240	11,000	880	2,440	11,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	115,540	112,385	2,795	185	170	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	49,770	49,751	53,958	38,272	26,817	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	58,824	58,764	64,065	45,895	26,391	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,160	2,690	12,360
English only	401,355	401,355	0	0	0	0
French only	375	0	370	0	0	370
English and French	33,660	21,090	11,410	1,160	0	11,990
Neither English nor French	2,775	85	0	0	2,690	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,160	2,690	12,360
English	400,835	393,160	7,675	0	0	7,680
French	3,535	110	3,420	0	0	3,420
Non-official language	22,045	18,515	60	780	2,695	445
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	22,050	18,515	55	775	2,690	445
English and French	1,045	255	500	295	0	645
English and non-official language	10,400	10,380	20	0	0	20
French and non-official language	50	20	35	0	0	30
English, French and non-official language	245	85	65	90	0	110
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,165	2,690	12,360
None	400,715	391,045	6,580	665	2,420	6,910
English	11,450	9,130	1,790	335	190	1,960
French	6,805	3,570	3,210	30	0	3,225
Non-official language	18,755	18,495	135	50	80	160
Aboriginal	75	70	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	18,685	18,420	135	50	80	160
English and French	95	10	10	75	0	45
English and non-official language	130	115	10	10	0	15
French and non-official language	205	165	45	0	0	45
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,160	2,690	12,360
English	360,025	360,020	10	0	0	10
French	12,320	885	11,435	0	0	11,440
Non-official language	59,880	56,215	120	855	2,690	540
Aboriginal	40	40	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	59,845	56,180	115	855	2,690	540
English and French	1,640	1,310	40	285	0	185
English and non-official language	3,985	3,980	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	195	30	165	0	0	165
English, French and non-official language	110	75	15	20	0	25
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,165	2,695	12,360
Official languages	435,385	422,440	11,775	1,165	0	12,360
English	435,010	422,440	11,410	1,165	0	11,990
French	34,030	21,090	11,780	1,160	0	12,360
Non-official languages	74,885	70,490	795	900	2,690	1,245
Aboriginal languages	145	140	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	74,745	70,360	790	905	2,695	1,240
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,165	2,695	12,360
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	12,250	11,245	970	30	10	985
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	11,640	10,655	950	30	0	965
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	7,200	7,000	195	0	0	195
Métis	4,340	3,555	755	20	0	770
Inuk (Inuit)	105	95	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	270	255	20	0	0	20
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	335	335	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	425,910	411,285	10,810	1,135	2,685	11,375
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	438,160	422,525	11,775	1,165	2,695	12,360
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	3,900	3,655	240	10	0	245
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	434,260	418,870	11,540	1,155	2,690	12,120
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	438,160	422,530	11,780	1,165	2,695	12,360
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	2,060	1,890	170	0	0	170
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	2,000	1,850	150	0	0	150
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	1,475	1,420	55	0	0	55
Métis single ancestry	490	400	95	0	0	95
Inuit single ancestry	30	30	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	60	35	25	0	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	55	35	20	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	16,560	15,280	1,250	30	0	1,265
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	16,110	14,910	1,165	35	0	1,185
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	12,030	11,440	565	15	0	575
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,995	3,390	590	15	0	595
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	80	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	450	370	85	0	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	415	340	80	0	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	419,540	405,355	10,360	1,130	2,690	10,925
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	438,160	422,525	11,775	1,160	2,690	12,360
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	420,160	405,895	11,615	955	1,695	12,090
Canadian citizens only	407,195	393,560	11,400	785	1,450	11,795
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	12,965	12,335	215	170	240	300
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	18,000	16,630	160	210	1,000	270
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,160	2,695	12,360
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	360,675	348,885	11,090	445	255	11,310
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	72,860	69,425	620	655	2,155	945
Before 1981	39,070	37,995	230	150	695	305
1981 to 1990	7,755	7,460	45	60	195	75
1991 to 2000	9,135	8,520	75	115	430	125
2001 to 2010	11,745	10,880	185	225	455	300
2001 to 2005	5,840	5,435	85	125	185	150
2006 to 2010	5,915	5,440	105	95	270	150
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	5,145	4,565	80	115	385	135
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	4,625	4,215	70	60	285	100
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	72,860	69,425	620	655	2,155	945
Under 5 years	9,720	9,525	70	110	20	120
5 to 14 years	15,475	15,175	115	135	45	180
15 to 24 years	18,195	17,720	100	115	265	155
25 to 44 years	25,155	23,690	270	270	930	400
45 years and over	4,310	3,315	75	35	890	90
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	72,860	69,425	615	660	2,155	945
Americas	13,560	13,065	95	175	225	180
Brazil	185	180	0	0	0	10
Colombia	1,175	1,070	0	50	55	25
El Salvador	570	520	0	10	45	10
Guyana	290	295	0	0	0	0
Haiti	170	60	55	45	10	80
Jamaica	975	975	0	0	0	0
Mexico	735	685	0	0	45	0
Peru	160	145	0	0	15	0
Trinidad and Tobago	685	685	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 47}	6,010	5,975	20	20	0	25
Other places of birth in Americas	2,610	2,480	20	45	65	40
Europe	42,080	40,605	265	230	990	375
Bosnia and Herzegovina	570	550	0	0	25	0
Croatia	1,310	1,240	0	10	60	10
France	295	115	175	0	0	175
Germany	2,770	2,745	10	15	10	20
Greece	455	425	0	10	20	0
Hungary	980	945	0	10	20	10
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	455	455	0	0	0	0
Italy	7,925	7,285	20	45	580	40
Netherlands	3,965	3,965	0	0	0	10
Poland	3,025	2,895	0	15	115	10
Portugal	700	655	0	15	25	10
Romania	750	665	10	40	30	30
Russian Federation	580	555	0	0	25	0
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	630	610	0	10	10	0
Ukraine	895	850	0	0	45	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	13,505	13,505	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	3,275	3,155	40	45	30	65
Africa	2,980	2,610	205	105	65	260
Algeria	85	45	25	15	0	35
Egypt	310	255	30	15	10	30
Ethiopia	65	60	0	10	0	10
Kenya	195	190	10	0	0	0
Morocco	65	25	15	20	0	30
Nigeria	190	195	0	0	0	0
Somalia	150	130	0	0	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	415	420	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,510	1,300	125	50	40	150
Asia	13,915	12,820	55	160	875	135
Afghanistan	140	115	20	0	10	20
Bangladesh	145	145	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 51}	2,270	1,845	15	10	400	20
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	280	260	0	10	10	0
India	2,070	1,970	0	20	85	10
Iran^{Footnote 53}	430	395	0	25	10	15
Iraq	345	320	0	10	15	0
Japan	245	245	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	740	700	10	0	35	0
Lebanon	280	250	10	20	10	15
Pakistan	765	725	0	0	35	10
Philippines	2,730	2,700	10	15	15	10
Sri Lanka	200	200	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 55}	270	220	0	0	45	10
Taiwan	115	115	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	760	650	0	0	115	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,125	1,980	0	50	90	30
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	320	320	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	5,145	4,570	80	115	385	140
Americas	1,355	1,230	45	30	45	65
Brazil	10	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	190	185	0	10	10	0
Cuba	75	65	0	0	10	0
Haiti	55	10	30	10	0	35
Jamaica	175	175	0	0	0	0
Mexico	155	130	0	0	20	0
United States^{Footnote 58}	430	420	0	10	0	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	90	80	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	180	150	15	0	15	15
Europe	755	685	0	15	55	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	60	60	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	70	40	0	0	25	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	35	25	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	235	235	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	315	285	0	10	20	0
Africa	455	360	30	30	35	50
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	20	0	0	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	60	40	0	15	10	10
Eritrea	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	20	20	0	0	0	0
Somalia	35	25	0	0	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	50	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	230	205	15	10	10	15
Asia	2,535	2,250	0	30	255	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 63}	550	420	0	0	130	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	10	10	0	0	0	0
India	415	390	0	0	20	0
Iran^{Footnote 65}	85	80	0	0	0	0
Iraq	50	40	0	0	15	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	30	35	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	100	100	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	40	30	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	180	160	0	10	15	0
Philippines	650	635	0	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	35	30	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	35	35	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 67}	100	60	0	0	45	0
Taiwan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turkey	20	15	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	40	40	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	130	115	0	10	15	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	40	40	0	0	0	0
Australia	25	30	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	438,160	422,525	11,780	1,160	2,695	12,360
First generation^{Footnote 71}	79,635	75,765	710	725	2,440	1,065
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	99,190	98,145	640	185	215	735
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	259,330	248,615	10,430	255	35	10,555
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	34,710	32,330	385	510	1,480	640
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	13,685	13,095	120	210	260	225
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	5,695	5,430	65	80	120	105
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	7,990	7,665	50	130	140	115
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	12,525	11,650	80	55	735	105
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	7,810	6,970	165	220	450	275
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	690	610	25	20	30	35
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	438,160	422,525	11,775	1,165	2,690	12,360
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	38,815	36,295	540	470	1,505	775
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	6,175	5,950	30	55	145	50
Chinese	6,050	5,410	20	45	575	40
Black	7,965	7,530	275	120	45	330
Filipino	3,900	3,870	0	10	15	10
Latin American	4,620	4,135	30	100	355	80
Arab	2,570	2,330	85	70	85	120
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	2,045	1,890	0	15	135	10
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	860	800	15	0	40	20
Korean	1,445	1,370	10	0	70	10
Japanese	730	710	0	10	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	690	670	10	15	0	15
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	1,765	1,630	70	30	40	85
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	399,350	386,230	11,240	690	1,185	11,585
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	438,160	422,530	11,775	1,165	2,690	12,360
North American Aboriginal origins	18,625	17,170	1,420	30	10	1,435
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,000	13,255	725	20	0	735
Inuit	160	140	20	0	0	15
Métis	4,975	4,180	785	15	0	790
Other North American origins	129,580	122,940	6,420	170	55	6,505
Acadian	465	355	100	10	0	105
American	7,000	6,935	60	10	0	60
Canadian	124,410	117,945	6,260	155	55	6,340
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	365	365	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	50	55	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	55	50	10	0	0	10
Québécois	235	155	80	0	0	80
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	35	30	0	0	0	0
European origins	346,340	336,370	8,115	645	1,205	8,435
British Isles origins	210,200	208,455	1,585	115	45	1,645
Channel Islander	70	70	0	0	0	0
Cornish	25	20	0	0	0	0
English	124,295	123,530	685	50	30	710
Irish	78,195	77,395	730	55	10	760
Manx	95	95	0	0	0	0
Scottish	86,565	86,090	435	25	10	445
Welsh	9,005	8,980	25	0	10	25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	12,365	12,300	45	15	0	55
French origins	55,815	48,120	7,505	180	10	7,595
Alsatian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	0	10	0	0	0
French	55,770	48,075	7,505	180	10	7,595
Western European origins (except French origins)	95,230	94,640	475	75	45	510
Austrian	2,760	2,740	0	10	10	10
Bavarian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,565	1,470	95	0	0	95
Dutch	35,930	35,875	35	20	0	45
Flemish	95	90	0	0	0	0
Frisian	250	250	0	0	0	0
German	60,705	60,325	290	50	40	315
Luxembourger	30	15	10	0	0	15
Swiss	1,680	1,640	45	0	0	45
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,345	8,305	20	20	0	35
Danish	2,030	2,030	0	0	0	0
Finnish	1,750	1,730	10	10	0	15
Icelandic	430	425	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,790	1,775	10	0	0	10
Swedish	2,500	2,495	0	0	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	365	365	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	64,980	64,175	265	195	340	365
Bulgarian	690	660	0	10	10	10
Byelorussian	200	190	0	0	10	0
Czech	1,485	1,485	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	740	740	0	0	0	0
Estonian	455	450	0	0	0	10
Hungarian	12,520	12,375	60	25	50	75
Latvian	700	695	0	10	0	10
Lithuanian	1,020	1,015	0	10	0	10
Moldovan	75	75	0	0	10	0
Polish	23,250	22,975	80	40	150	105
Romanian	2,870	2,750	25	50	40	55
Russian	6,695	6,590	20	35	50	35
Slovak	2,340	2,330	10	0	0	10
Ukrainian	22,840	22,600	95	50	90	120
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	150	145	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	72,830	71,215	510	275	830	645
Albanian	250	245	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	645	620	0	15	15	10
Catalan	25	15	0	10	0	0
Croatian	4,035	3,955	25	20	35	30
Cypriot	60	55	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,930	2,870	20	20	25	30
Italian	53,510	52,485	345	80	600	380
Kosovar	15	20	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	460	445	0	0	15	0
Maltese	1,125	1,120	0	0	0	10
Montenegrin	65	60	0	10	0	0
Portuguese	3,350	3,235	45	40	25	65
Serbian	2,825	2,710	10	30	80	15
Sicilian	155	150	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,425	1,420	0	0	0	10
Spanish	4,195	3,980	85	75	60	120
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	1,055	1,040	10	0	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	25	20	0	10	0	0
Other European origins	1,370	1,335	15	20	0	25
Basque	25	20	10	0	0	0
Jewish	750	725	0	20	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	40	40	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	50	50	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	515	505	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	5,655	5,405	150	85	30	185
Antiguan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	640	640	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	70	70	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	15	0	0	0	0
Cuban	390	370	0	0	15	10
Dominican	130	115	10	0	10	10
Grenadian	110	90	10	10	0	20
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian	360	195	95	60	15	125
Jamaican	2,715	2,670	45	10	0	45
Kittitian/Nevisian	35	40	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	90	90	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	795	790	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	60	55	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	435	430	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	135	125	0	10	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,565	6,040	60	145	325	130
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	250	35	0	10	40
Arawak	35	35	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	195	185	0	10	0	0
Belizean	25	20	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	255	255	0	0	0	0
Chilean	185	185	0	0	0	0
Colombian	1,470	1,315	0	80	75	40
Costa Rican	140	140	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	125	115	0	0	10	0
Guatemalan	455	425	10	10	20	10
Guyanese	460	465	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	155	135	10	15	0	10
Honduran	140	125	0	15	0	0
Maya	130	95	25	10	0	25
Mexican	1,170	995	0	0	170	10
Nicaraguan	110	110	0	0	0	10
Panamanian	45	40	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	100	95	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	210	200	0	0	10	0
Salvadorean	640	610	0	10	25	0
Uruguayan	65	60	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	325	300	0	20	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	305	290	0	10	0	10
African origins	6,290	5,835	295	85	70	345
Central and West African origins	885	805	80	0	10	80
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	15	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	10	15	0	0	10
Chadian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	135	105	30	0	0	30
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	160	155	0	0	10	0
Guinean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Malian	25	0	20	0	0	15
Malinké	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	325	330	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	70	75	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	115	85	25	0	0	25
North African origins	1,715	1,515	125	45	25	150
Algerian	65	35	30	0	0	30
Berber	10	10	0	0	0	0
Coptic	35	20	10	0	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	580	530	35	10	10	40
Libyan	225	220	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	85	70	15	0	0	10
Sudanese	685	665	0	10	15	10
Tunisian	40	10	30	10	0	30
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	75	45	15	10	0	25
Southern and East African origins	1,605	1,500	45	35	25	60
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	40	15	10	15	0	20
Djiboutian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	65	60	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	105	95	0	10	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	135	120	10	0	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	35	35	0	0	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	30	15	15	0	0	10
Seychellois	20	20	0	0	0	0
Somali	295	270	0	0	15	10
South African	485	485	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	35	30	0	0	0	0
Zambian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	185	180	0	10	0	0
Zulu	10	0	0	10	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	140	125	0	0	10	0
Other African origins	2,155	2,075	60	10	15	65
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	335	325	0	10	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	1,835	1,745	60	0	15	65
Asian origins	27,950	26,380	195	270	1,115	325
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	5,895	5,505	115	135	140	180
Afghan	165	140	15	0	10	15
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	565	510	30	20	0	40
Armenian	975	925	30	0	20	30
Assyrian	90	75	0	0	15	0
Azerbaijani	55	50	0	10	0	0
Georgian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	620	610	0	10	0	10
Iraqi	365	340	0	0	25	0
Israeli	110	100	0	0	10	0
Jordanian	190	185	0	10	0	0
Kazakh	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	310	265	0	35	15	15
Kuwaiti	45	40	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,240	1,175	40	15	15	50
Palestinian	385	370	0	10	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	145	140	0	0	0	0
Syrian	360	315	0	0	40	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	20	15	0	0	10	0
Turk	580	545	0	25	10	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	60	60	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	70	60	0	10	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	150	140	0	10	0	10
South Asian origins	6,640	6,410	30	55	140	55
Bangladeshi	65	60	0	0	10	0
Bengali	90	90	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	5,180	5,035	30	35	90	45
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	25	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	45	50	0	0	0	0
Nepali	70	50	0	10	10	0
Pakistani	780	755	0	10	20	0
Punjabi	225	210	0	0	15	0
Sinhalese	20	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	205	210	0	0	0	0
Tamil	20	15	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	240	225	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	15,600	14,645	45	80	830	85
Burmese	45	40	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	405	385	0	0	20	0
Chinese	7,390	6,725	20	40	605	40
Filipino	4,235	4,210	0	10	15	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Japanese	900	885	0	10	10	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,515	1,435	10	0	70	10
Laotian	425	395	0	10	15	10
Malaysian	65	60	0	0	0	10
Mongolian	35	35	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	60	55	0	0	0	10
Thai	265	235	0	0	25	0
Tibetan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,295	1,180	0	10	110	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	135	130	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	135	130	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	590	595	0	0	0	0
Australian	445	445	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	100	100	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	60	60	0	0	0	0
Fijian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maori	15	10	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	371,560	357,235	11,000	885	2,435	11,440
No certificate, diploma or degree	67,790	63,105	2,880	200	1,610	2,975
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	116,010	112,385	3,005	190	425	3,100
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	187,760	181,750	5,115	495	400	5,365
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30,335	28,950	1,205	45	135	1,230
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	14,110	13,390	630	25	60	645
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	16,220	15,555	575	20	70	585
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	88,010	85,395	2,355	150	115	2,430
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,260	6,005	180	50	25	205
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	63,155	61,410	1,375	245	120	1,500
Bachelor's degree	43,415	42,300	955	110	50	1,010
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,330	4,160	80	45	45	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,700	1,655	25	15	0	30
Master's degree	12,035	11,660	300	55	15	330
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	1,670	1,625	20	25	0	30
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	371,560	357,240	11,000	885	2,440	11,440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	183,800	175,485	5,880	390	2,040	6,080
Education	13,365	12,780	535	40	15	560
13. Education	13,365	12,775	535	45	10	555
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,615	6,430	160	10	20	165
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,200	1,160	30	0	0	35
50. Visual and performing arts	5,415	5,265	125	0	15	130
Humanities	9,415	9,095	255	60	15	280
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	985	945	30	10	0	35
23. English language and literature/letters	2,195	2,170	15	10	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,315	2,250	65	0	0	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	70	65	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	540	525	10	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,230	1,195	25	10	0	25
54. History	1,545	1,505	20	15	0	30
55. French language and literature/letters	545	440	95	10	0	105
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20,810	20,280	445	55	35	470
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	230	220	0	0	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,830	1,805	25	0	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,360	5,180	155	20	10	165
22. Legal professions and studies	2,405	2,345	55	0	0	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	345	340	0	10	0	10
42. Psychology	3,735	3,640	80	10	15	80
45. Social sciences	6,905	6,750	120	25	15	135
Business, management and public administration	35,295	34,135	985	115	55	1,040
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	70	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,475	3,370	100	0	0	100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	31,745	30,695	880	110	55	940
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,405	5,340	50	10	10	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,255	2,235	25	0	0	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,120	1,110	0	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	55	55	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,590	1,565	15	10	10	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	380	380	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,380	5,195	150	20	15	160
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,960	3,810	125	20	0	135
25. Library science	495	475	20	0	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	880	860	10	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	50	50	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	40,110	38,650	1,250	65	140	1,280
04. Architecture and related services	920	905	10	0	0	10
14. Engineering	4,765	4,570	135	20	45	140
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,570	9,250	275	20	30	280
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,200	7,900	250	10	35	255
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,640	9,325	285	20	10	290
48. Precision production	7,010	6,700	295	0	15	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,920	3,830	65	10	15	75
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,865	2,810	35	10	15	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,050	1,015	35	0	10	30
Health and related fields	31,730	30,895	730	80	30	770
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,300	3,245	50	0	10	50
51. Health professions and related programs	27,965	27,195	680	70	20	710
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	470	450	0	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,685	15,095	495	30	60	515
12. Personal and culinary services	8,470	8,120	270	20	55	285
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	60	55	0	0	0	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	50	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,775	4,670	105	0	0	100
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,320	2,195	120	0	0	120
Other	30	30	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	371,555	357,240	11,000	885	2,435	11,440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	183,800	175,485	5,880	390	2,035	6,075
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	187,760	181,750	5,120	495	400	5,365
Location of study inside Canada	162,390	157,255	4,795	310	30	4,955
Same as province or territory of residence	154,330	149,945	4,115	250	25	4,235
Different than province or territory of residence	8,055	7,305	685	60	0	715
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	25,370	24,500	320	185	375	415
United States^{Footnote 130}	8,575	8,465	90	20	0	100
Philippines	1,310	1,310	0	0	0	0
India	1,120	1,100	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	3,995	3,985	10	0	0	10
China^{Footnote 132}	880	790	10	0	90	0
France	155	60	90	0	0	95
Other	9,335	8,790	120	155	270	195
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	371,555	357,235	11,000	885	2,440	not applicable ...
In the labour force	226,590	219,980	5,490	470	650	not applicable ...
Employed	209,890	203,775	5,095	410	605	not applicable ...
Unemployed	16,705	16,205	400	55	45	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	144,965	137,260	5,505	415	1,785	not applicable ...
Participation rate	61.0	61.6	49.9	53.1	26.6	not applicable ...
Employment rate	56.5	57.0	46.3	46.3	24.8	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.4	7.3	11.7	6.9	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	371,555	357,240	11,000	885	2,435	11,440
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	135,500	128,035	5,280	375	1,805	5,465
Worked	236,055	229,200	5,720	505	630	5,970
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	118,360	115,115	2,875	195	175	2,970
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	117,705	114,090	2,840	315	455	3,000
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	42.7	42.8	37.9	35.8	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	243,315	236,165	5,890	550	710	6,165
a.Management	25,240	24,600	530	65	40	560
00 Senior management occupations	2,165	2,095	55	15	0	60
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	6,475	6,305	145	20	0	160
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	10,555	10,335	185	20	15	195
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,040	5,865	140	15	25	145
b.Professional	33,025	32,030	890	90	15	935
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	5,580	5,445	125	10	0	130
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	4,740	4,630	100	15	0	105
30 Professional occupations in nursing	4,065	4,005	50	10	0	55
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,635	2,615	20	10	0	25
40 Professional occupations in education services	9,575	9,110	425	35	0	440
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	4,705	4,545	140	15	0	150
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,730	1,695	30	0	0	30
c.Technical and paraprofessional	22,870	22,290	515	65	0	550
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	6,155	5,990	145	25	0	155
32 Technical occupations in health	4,940	4,845	85	10	0	95
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	4,605	4,455	130	20	0	145
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,405	2,335	65	0	0	65
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,765	4,665	85	10	0	95
d.Administration and administrative support	26,670	25,875	710	60	25	740
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	10,780	10,425	310	35	0	330
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,565	2,500	55	10	0	60
14 Office support occupations	8,795	8,535	240	15	10	250
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	4,545	4,425	105	0	10	105
e.Sales	26,380	25,885	430	45	20	450
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	4,950	4,845	105	0	0	105
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	12,185	11,985	170	25	10	180
66 Sales support occupations	9,235	9,055	155	20	10	160
f.Personal and customer information services	55,485	53,695	1,365	170	255	1,450
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	5,115	4,990	100	20	0	115
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	4,305	4,175	120	0	0	120
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	9,575	9,285	200	15	80	205
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	16,755	16,095	560	70	30	595
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	19,740	19,150	385	65	145	415
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	19,515	18,880	560	25	50	575
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	12,570	12,145	365	15	45	370
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	6,945	6,735	200	10	0	205
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	16,260	15,675	545	15	20	555
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	3,425	3,295	130	0	0	130
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	9,370	9,055	295	10	10	300
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	3,470	3,330	125	10	10	125
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,785	6,415	125	0	240	125
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	815	790	25	0	0	25
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	3,245	2,975	30	10	235	35
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,725	2,655	65	0	0	65
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	11,080	10,800	230	10	45	230
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,890	1,850	35	10	10	35
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,060	2,975	70	0	15	70
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	3,270	3,205	60	0	0	65
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	2,855	2,770	60	0	20	65
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	243,315	236,165	5,890	550	710	6,165
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,615	6,285	80	15	245	85
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	6,375	6,040	80	10	245	85
113 Forestry and logging	20	20	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	40	35	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	190	190	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	565	535	30	0	0	25
211 Oil and gas extraction	125	115	10	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	280	265	15	0	0	15
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	155	155	10	0	0	10
22 Utilities	1,430	1,395	35	0	0	35
221 Utilities	1,430	1,395	35	0	0	35
23 Construction	17,290	16,625	580	20	65	590
236 Construction of buildings	4,570	4,415	145	0	15	145
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	2,300	2,195	105	10	0	105
238 Specialty trade contractors	10,415	10,015	335	15	50	340
31-33 Manufacturing	22,815	22,135	585	40	55	605
311 Food manufacturing	2,325	2,265	40	10	10	45
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	1,160	1,135	10	0	10	10
313 Textile mills	45	40	0	0	0	10
314 Textile product mills	135	135	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	160	155	0	0	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	35	35	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	420	390	30	0	0	30
322 Paper manufacturing	575	550	20	0	0	20
323 Printing and related support activities	650	650	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	115	110	10	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,095	1,055	40	0	0	45
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	705	680	10	0	15	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	750	730	25	0	0	25
331 Primary metal manufacturing	2,435	2,355	75	0	0	75
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,870	2,775	85	0	0	90
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,765	1,710	50	10	0	50
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	460	455	0	10	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	335	335	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	5,185	5,025	155	0	0	155
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	700	685	10	0	0	15
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	885	870	15	0	0	15
41 Wholesale trade	8,275	8,045	205	15	10	215
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	435	420	15	0	0	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	95	95	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,230	1,200	25	0	0	25
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	730	700	20	10	0	25
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	490	475	10	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,520	1,485	20	0	0	20
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,240	2,160	75	0	0	80
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,300	1,255	40	0	0	45
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	245	245	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	30,000	29,420	490	50	35	515
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	3,290	3,220	65	0	0	65
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	890	875	20	0	0	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	740	735	10	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	2,065	2,045	25	0	0	25
445 Food and beverage stores	7,215	7,110	80	10	15	90
446 Health and personal care stores	2,825	2,765	55	0	0	55
447 Gasoline stations	585	575	0	0	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	3,555	3,485	50	20	0	55
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,330	1,295	30	0	0	30
452 General merchandise stores	3,860	3,745	100	0	10	100
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,875	2,830	40	0	0	45
454 Non-store retailers	760	745	15	0	0	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10,165	9,840	290	25	10	305
481 Air transportation	360	335	25	0	0	30
482 Rail transportation	215	210	10	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	385	370	10	0	0	10
484 Truck transportation	3,295	3,215	75	0	10	75
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,950	1,840	105	10	0	105
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	200	180	10	0	10	10
488 Support activities for transportation	1,680	1,645	25	10	0	25
491 Postal service	875	855	20	0	0	15
492 Couriers and messengers	760	745	15	10	0	20
493 Warehousing and storage	450	445	0	0	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	3,135	3,075	45	10	0	50
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	890	870	20	0	0	20
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	485	480	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	265	265	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	780	755	20	0	0	20
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	110	110	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	605	595	10	0	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	7,165	6,795	345	25	0	355
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	4,050	3,805	230	15	0	235
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	970	935	40	0	0	40
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,110	2,030	75	10	0	75
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	20	15	10	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,850	3,770	60	10	10	65
531 Real estate	3,255	3,170	60	15	10	65
532 Rental and leasing services	575	575	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	20	20	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,800	11,575	185	35	10	200
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,800	11,575	185	35	10	200
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205	195	10	0	0	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	210	195	10	0	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	13,390	12,895	405	30	60	420
561 Administrative and support services	12,630	12,155	400	30	55	410
562 Waste management and remediation services	755	740	15	0	0	10
61 Educational services	17,890	17,090	730	60	20	760
611 Educational services	17,890	17,090	730	55	15	755
62 Health care and social assistance	27,565	26,960	560	50	0	585
621 Ambulatory health care services	8,880	8,705	155	15	0	165
622 Hospitals	6,650	6,530	110	10	0	115
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	6,845	6,680	160	10	0	160
624 Social assistance	5,195	5,050	130	15	0	140
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,225	10,040	160	10	20	165
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,685	1,665	15	0	0	15
712 Heritage institutions	1,220	1,200	20	0	0	20
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	7,325	7,175	125	10	15	135
72 Accommodation and food services	27,980	27,260	445	100	170	495
721 Accommodation services	7,690	7,465	140	40	50	155
722 Food services and drinking places	20,295	19,795	310	65	125	340
81 Other services (except public administration)	11,100	10,790	285	15	10	295
811 Repair and maintenance	3,590	3,490	90	10	0	95
812 Personal and laundry services	3,915	3,800	110	0	0	110
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,030	2,940	80	10	0	80
814 Private households	575	560	10	0	0	10
91 Public administration	11,855	11,450	365	45	0	390
911 Federal government public administration	2,930	2,790	135	10	0	140
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,905	1,800	90	20	0	100
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	7,000	6,840	140	20	0	150
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	209,890	203,780	5,095	415	605	5,305
Worked at home	13,955	13,660	235	25	30	250
Worked outside Canada	1,655	1,610	30	10	10	30
No fixed workplace address	22,940	22,165	630	70	75	665
Worked at usual place	171,345	166,340	4,200	310	500	4,355
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	243,310	236,165	5,890	550	715	6,165
English	238,940	233,760	4,515	465	200	4,750
French	1,500	550	930	20	0	940
Non-official language	1,105	610	10	10	480	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,105	605	10	10	480	15
English and French	870	415	415	40	0	435
English and non-official language	855	800	0	10	35	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	25	20	0	0	25
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	243,315	236,160	5,890	550	710	6,165
None	235,005	230,150	3,950	395	510	4,145
English	1,445	740	550	20	130	560
French	3,460	2,005	1,375	75	0	1,415
Non-official language	3,230	3,120	15	40	55	35
Aboriginal	15	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,215	3,100	15	35	60	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	170	145	0	20	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	171,345	166,335	4,200	310	500	4,355
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	80,100	77,730	1,880	140	355	1,945
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	64,390	62,310	1,830	125	115	1,895
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	26,420	25,865	480	45	35	505
Commute to a different province or territory	435	430	10	0	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	194,285	188,505	4,830	380	570	5,015
Car, truck, van - as a driver	163,745	159,125	4,115	270	235	4,250
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	13,250	12,795	250	60	145	280
Public transit	5,005	4,815	130	45	10	155
Walked	8,570	8,175	215	10	175	220
Bicycle	1,655	1,605	30	0	10	35
Other method	2,070	1,985	80	0	10	85
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	194,285	188,505	4,830	380	575	5,020
Less than 15 minutes	70,000	67,855	1,720	115	305	1,780
15 to 29 minutes	72,950	70,780	1,850	150	170	1,925
30 to 44 minutes	28,735	27,925	685	55	65	715
45 to 59 minutes	9,975	9,720	205	35	20	220
60 minutes and over	12,630	12,225	365	40	0	380
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	194,285	188,505	4,830	380	575	5,020
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	13,860	13,405	435	10	10	440
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	33,680	32,525	840	60	260	865
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	45,780	44,265	1,330	100	85	1,380
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	42,090	40,895	1,080	80	35	1,120
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	22,350	21,765	420	55	110	440
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	36,530	35,655	730	85	75	765
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	434,020	418,535	11,750	1,140	2,590	12,325
Non-movers	380,605	367,080	10,570	865	2,090	11,000
Movers	53,415	51,455	1,185	275	500	1,325
Non-migrants	27,485	26,450	655	130	245	720
Migrants	25,935	25,000	535	140	260	605
Internal migrants	23,595	22,915	485	115	80	545
Intraprovincial migrants	21,930	21,355	395	100	80	445
Interprovincial migrants	1,670	1,555	90	20	0	100
External migrants	2,340	2,090	50	20	175	60
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	417,400	402,225	11,590	1,095	2,490	12,140
Non-movers	270,125	260,210	7,970	515	1,435	8,220
Movers	147,270	142,015	3,620	580	1,055	3,915
Non-migrants	73,595	71,105	1,955	205	330	2,060
Migrants	73,680	70,905	1,665	380	720	1,855
Internal migrants	65,270	63,250	1,585	240	200	1,705
Intraprovincial migrants	60,930	59,185	1,350	205	195	1,450
Interprovincial migrants	4,345	4,065	235	35	0	255
External migrants	8,405	7,655	80	140	525	150

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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