Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Niagara Falls, CY
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
0 to 14 years	13,210	12,105	85	60
0 to 4 years	4,135	3,795	25	10
5 to 9 years	4,450	4,090	25	30
10 to 14 years	4,625	4,225	30	20
15 to 64 years	56,305	44,805	1,065	235
15 to 19 years	5,070	4,390	45	45
20 to 24 years	5,240	4,460	40	20
25 to 29 years	4,950	4,145	85	35
30 to 34 years	4,795	3,950	60	10
35 to 39 years	5,070	4,035	70	25
40 to 44 years	5,405	4,155	105	25
45 to 49 years	6,070	4,565	65	25
50 to 54 years	6,835	5,255	160	20
55 to 59 years	6,780	5,260	210	25
60 to 64 years	6,100	4,585	220	10
65 years and over	16,465	11,370	650	40
65 to 69 years	5,620	4,105	205	25
70 to 74 years	3,910	2,815	150	10
75 to 79 years	2,790	1,815	145	0
80 to 84 years	2,165	1,350	105	10
85 years and over	1,975	1,280	50	0
85 to 89 years	1,355	895	35	0
90 to 94 years	495	305	15	0
95 to 99 years	115	80	0	0
100 years and over	10	0	0	0
Average age	42.7	40.6	55.5	36.1
Median age	44.4	41.4	59.2	35.5
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	72,770	56,165	1,710	275
Married or living common law	40,090	29,520	990	125
Married	33,555	23,855	805	70
Living common law	6,535	5,670	185	60
Not married and not living common law	32,680	26,645	715	150
Never married	19,610	16,745	260	100
Separated	2,800	2,315	95	25
Divorced	5,455	4,310	170	25
Widowed	4,810	3,275	190	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	72,765	56,165	1,710	275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,575	54,450	1,680	265
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,360	39,315	37,333	30,367
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,432	30,791	28,191	21,665
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,590	54,455	1,685	265
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,091	33,821	32,195	27,280
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,340	28,338	26,212	20,607
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,085	48,255	1,410	225
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,170	37,259	34,243	27,434
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,373	27,905	21,877	16,187
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	54,785	41,700	1,385	240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,423	8,214	10,507	8,072
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,801	6,472	10,943	7,326
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	50,695	40,170	1,000	200
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,542	36,396	36,551	24,883
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,587	27,601	26,555	16,162
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	83.0	84.0	76.8	77.0
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	66.6	68.3	58.3	61.8
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	17.0	16.0	23.1	24.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	72,770	56,165	1,710	275
Without total income	2,195	1,720	25	0
With total income	70,570	54,445	1,680	270
Percentage with total income	97.0	96.9	98.2	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,045	7,575	225	45
$10,000 to $19,999	13,860	10,320	390	75
$20,000 to $29,999	11,915	8,685	295	45
$30,000 to $39,999	9,425	7,235	230	25
$40,000 to $49,999	7,570	6,120	140	25
$50,000 to $59,999	5,410	4,285	110	20
$60,000 to $69,999	3,565	2,955	90	10
$70,000 to $79,999	2,135	1,855	45	0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,765	1,460	40	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,545	1,280	40	0
$100,000 and over	3,335	2,665	85	10
$100,000 to $149,999	2,560	2,065	60	0
$150,000 and over	780	600	20	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	72,770	56,165	1,705	275
Without after-tax income	2,180	1,710	30	10
With after-tax income	70,590	54,460	1,680	270
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	97.0	98.5	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,365	7,840	230	45
$10,000 to $19,999	14,490	10,805	405	75
$20,000 to $29,999	13,680	10,155	345	45
$30,000 to $39,999	10,820	8,365	230	35
$40,000 to $49,999	8,200	6,520	180	35
$50,000 to $59,999	4,630	3,880	85	15
$60,000 to $69,999	2,830	2,360	85	0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,095	1,785	30	10
$80,000 and over	3,480	2,745	95	10
$80,000 to $89,999	1,465	1,185	50	15
$90,000 to $99,999	720	565	10	0
$100,000 and over	1,300	1,000	35	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	72,765	56,170	1,710	275
Without employment income	22,070	15,990	710	75
With employment income	50,700	40,175	1,000	200
Percentage with employment income	69.7	71.5	58.5	72.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,760	6,010	240	65
$5,000 to $9,999	4,900	3,855	55	10
$10,000 to $19,999	8,095	6,165	135	40
$20,000 to $29,999	6,805	5,330	115	15
$30,000 to $39,999	5,580	4,375	105	15
$40,000 to $49,999	4,830	3,965	70	25
$50,000 to $59,999	3,505	2,785	60	10
$60,000 to $69,999	2,470	2,070	50	10
$70,000 to $79,999	1,515	1,300	25	10
$80,000 and over	5,225	4,315	150	10
$80,000 to $89,999	1,320	1,090	50	0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,440	1,245	35	0
$100,000 and over	2,470	1,985	65	10
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	72,765	56,170	1,710	275
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	22,365	18,125	420	60
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	45,526	46,319	49,783	43,205
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	53,073	54,032	57,436	41,316
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	85,980	68,275	1,795	340
English only	78,845	64,750	145	75
French only	45	0	30	0
English and French	6,105	3,500	1,615	265
Neither English nor French	980	25	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
English	75,670	67,185	1,325	260
French	450	15	400	10
Non-official language	6,635	240	10	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,635	240	10	10
English and French	150	55	40	45
English and non-official language	2,975	740	0	10
French and non-official language	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	90	35	20	0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
None	76,770	66,360	1,075	235
English	3,010	115	180	10
French	1,245	625	490	90
Non-official language	4,860	1,170	30	10
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,855	1,170	30	10
English and French	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	30	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	10	20	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	85,975	68,275	1,795	340
English	83,060	68,275	145	280
French	1,695	0	1,650	10
English and French	260	0	0	50
Neither English nor French	960	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Footnote 19}	1,825	0	1,650	35
Official language minority (percentage)^{Footnote 20}	2.1	0.0	91.9	10.3
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 21}	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
Official languages	84,990	68,250	1,795	340
English	84,950	68,245	1,765	340
French	6,150	3,500	1,650	265
Non-official languages	19,330	4,245	130	45
Aboriginal languages	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	19,315	4,245	130	40
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 22}	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 23}	2,240	2,070	110	25
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	2,075	1,915	110	30
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 25}	1,360	1,310	30	0
Métis	710	600	80	25
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 26}	85	80	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 27}	80	70	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	83,735	66,200	1,680	310
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 29}	765	705	40	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	85,215	67,570	1,760	335
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 30}	85,975	68,275	1,795	340
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 31}	395	365	20	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 32}	390	360	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 33}	275	260	10	0
Métis single ancestry	115	105	15	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 34}	10	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	3,155	2,925	175	45
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 36}	3,050	2,835	160	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,375	2,250	100	15
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	665	570	60	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 37}	110	90	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	105	90	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 38}	82,425	64,985	1,605	295
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 39}	85,980	68,275	1,795	335
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 40}	81,610	66,720	1,780	330
Canadian citizens only	78,625	65,570	1,740	325
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,985	1,145	45	0
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 41}	4,370	1,555	15	10
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 42}	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 43}	67,310	62,290	1,680	320
Immigrants^{Footnote 44}	17,845	5,830	105	10
Before 1981	7,860	3,415	55	0
1981 to 1990	1,845	590	10	0
1991 to 2000	3,030	600	0	10
2001 to 2010	3,495	850	35	0
2001 to 2005	1,725	370	10	0
2006 to 2010	1,770	485	20	0
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 45}	1,610	365	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 46}	820	155	10	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 47}	17,840	5,830	105	10
Under 5 years	1,965	1,160	20	0
5 to 14 years	3,485	1,350	15	10
15 to 24 years	4,385	1,320	15	0
25 to 44 years	6,790	1,685	40	10
45 years and over	1,220	305	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 48}	17,840	5,825	100	0
Americas	2,865	1,835	0	0
Brazil	45	0	0	0
Colombia	310	40	0	0
El Salvador	75	0	0	0
Guyana	85	80	0	0
Haiti	25	0	0	0
Jamaica	155	155	0	0
Mexico	110	15	0	0
Peru	35	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	190	190	0	0
United States^{Footnote 49}	1,310	1,230	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	520	95	0	0
Europe	9,080	2,995	65	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	260	30	0	0
Croatia	565	20	10	0
France	70	15	30	0
Germany	440	100	0	0
Greece	100	0	0	0
Hungary	230	20	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 50}	40	40	0	0
Italy	2,765	255	0	0
Netherlands	200	50	0	0
Poland	515	35	10	0
Portugal	95	20	0	0
Romania	215	10	10	0
Russian Federation	120	15	0	0
Serbia^{Footnote 51}	355	25	0	0
Ukraine	150	20	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 52}	2,225	2,195	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	735	135	10	0
Africa	645	215	30	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	85	25	20	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Kenya	65	35	10	0
Morocco	20	0	10	0
Nigeria	25	15	0	0
Somalia	85	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	90	75	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	270	65	0	0
Asia	5,175	710	10	10
Afghanistan	15	0	0	0
Bangladesh	45	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 53}	945	45	0	10
Hong Kong^{Footnote 54}	70	10	0	0
India	805	120	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 55}	155	10	0	0
Iraq	130	25	0	0
Japan	140	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 56}	205	10	0	0
Lebanon	100	20	10	0
Pakistan	325	45	0	0
Philippines	1,245	280	0	0
Sri Lanka	80	40	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 57}	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	25	0	0	0
Viet Nam	375	30	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	520	60	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 58}	75	70	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 59}	1,610	365	0	0
Americas	250	120	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	35	0	0	0
Cuba	45	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0	0
Jamaica	25	25	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 60}	85	70	0	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 61}	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	0	0
Europe	275	100	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	10	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 62}	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 63}	0	0	0	0
Romania	50	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 64}	70	70	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	130	10	0	0
Africa	90	20	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Somalia	40	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	0	0
Asia	985	125	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 65}	170	10	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 66}	0	0	0	0
India	175	45	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 67}	45	0	0	0
Iraq	30	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 68}	45	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0
Nepal	40	0	0	0
Pakistan	90	0	0	0
Philippines	310	55	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 69}	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 70}	10	10	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 71}	0	10	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 72}	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
First generation^{Footnote 73}	19,110	6,380	120	15
Second generation^{Footnote 74}	20,365	17,385	120	50
Third generation or more^{Footnote 75}	46,495	44,515	1,560	275
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 76}	10,170	2,510	50	10
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 77}	4,165	1,015	30	10
Principal applicants^{Footnote 78}	1,715	320	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 79}	2,450	695	20	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 80}	3,515	1,185	10	0
Refugees^{Footnote 81}	2,320	270	15	0
Other immigrants^{Footnote 82}	170	40	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 83}	85,975	68,275	1,795	335
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 84}	11,165	4,350	85	15
South Asian^{Footnote 85}	2,430	755	0	0
Chinese	1,660	350	0	10
Black	1,735	1,430	30	0
Filipino	1,780	775	0	0
Latin American	950	185	0	0
Arab	545	130	45	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 86}	690	225	10	0
West Asian^{Footnote 87}	320	40	0	0
Korean	325	50	0	0
Japanese	240	100	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 88}	105	100	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 89}	390	200	10	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 90}	74,815	63,920	1,710	315
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 91}	85,975	68,275	1,795	340
North American Aboriginal origins	3,550	3,290	195	45
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,755	2,605	115	15
Inuit	15	15	0	0
Métis	890	770	90	25
Other North American origins	24,155	22,805	975	135
Acadian	70	45	20	0
American	1,490	1,450	0	10
Canadian	23,080	21,770	965	125
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	70	65	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0
Québécois	15	20	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	0	0	0	0
European origins	64,845	54,320	1,220	265
British Isles origins	38,280	37,740	245	150
Channel Islander	35	30	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	22,180	21,910	110	80
Irish	14,685	14,500	100	35
Manx	10	0	0	0
Scottish	15,880	15,685	80	65
Welsh	1,805	1,785	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	2,025	2,010	0	0
French origins	10,560	9,145	1,110	185
Alsatian	0	10	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	0	0	0
French	10,555	9,140	1,110	185
Western European origins (except French origins)	13,380	12,335	75	0
Austrian	525	455	0	0
Bavarian	20	15	0	0
Belgian	280	235	20	0
Dutch	3,320	3,060	0	0
Flemish	0	10	0	0
Frisian	15	15	0	0
German	9,970	9,270	40	0
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	195	165	10	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 94}	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,330	1,230	0	10
Danish	340	295	0	0
Finnish	300	280	0	0
Icelandic	40	30	0	0
Norwegian	340	330	0	0
Swedish	300	290	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	75	70	0	0
Eastern European origins	11,165	8,940	55	60
Bulgarian	225	80	0	0
Byelorussian	20	10	0	0
Czech	285	200	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	115	105	0	0
Estonian	70	60	0	0
Hungarian	2,170	1,740	15	20
Latvian	155	125	0	0
Lithuanian	190	160	0	10
Moldovan	10	0	0	0
Polish	3,730	2,965	10	0
Romanian	655	455	10	10
Russian	1,070	780	10	25
Slovak	430	360	0	0
Ukrainian	3,715	3,300	15	25
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	20	20	0	0
Southern European origins	20,920	14,610	95	60
Albanian	70	30	0	0
Bosnian	250	85	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	640	315	10	0
Cypriot	35	0	0	0
Greek	700	445	10	10
Italian	16,475	12,535	55	40
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	140	80	0	0
Maltese	170	135	0	0
Montenegrin	40	25	0	0
Portuguese	450	285	15	0
Serbian	1,560	520	0	0
Sicilian	20	15	0	0
Slovenian	115	80	0	0
Spanish	975	510	20	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	270	170	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	15	10	0	0
Other European origins	175	130	0	0
Basque	10	10	10	0
Jewish	110	70	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	20	15	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	30	30	0	0
Caribbean origins	1,245	1,065	25	0
Antiguan	20	20	0	0
Bahamian	15	15	0	0
Barbadian	75	75	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0
Cuban	155	40	0	0
Dominican	25	20	10	0
Grenadian	20	10	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	65	25	0	0
Jamaican	600	590	10	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	10	0	0
St. Lucian	15	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	195	195	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 102}	85	85	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	30	30	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,320	615	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	85	50	0	0
Arawak	10	15	0	0
Argentinian	45	20	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	40	0	0
Chilean	15	10	0	0
Colombian	380	95	0	0
Costa Rican	45	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	0	0	0
Guatemalan	65	35	0	0
Guyanese	115	120	0	0
Hispanic	25	10	0	0
Honduran	35	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	0	0
Mexican	200	115	0	0
Nicaraguan	25	25	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	25	10	0	0
Salvadorean	110	55	0	0
Uruguayan	25	15	0	0
Venezuelan	45	15	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	35	0	0	0
African origins	1,260	825	45	0
Central and West African origins	70	40	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35	20	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	25	20	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 105}	0	0	0	0
North African origins	280	130	35	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0
Coptic	20	0	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	130	55	30	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	20	0	0
Sudanese	100	50	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	380	195	10	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	35	20	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	155	30	0	0
South African	120	105	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	10	0	0
Zimbabwean	45	25	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	10	10	0	0
Other African origins	540	470	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	85	90	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	460	385	0	0
Asian origins	8,845	2,960	60	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,375	445	55	0
Afghan	25	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 111}	85	0	15	0
Armenian	160	105	20	0
Assyrian	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	25	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	180	50	0	0
Iraqi	90	25	0	0
Israeli	10	10	0	0
Jordanian	35	10	0	0
Kazakh	0	10	0	0
Kurd	105	15	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	315	135	20	0
Palestinian	35	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	10	0	0
Syrian	15	15	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	0	0
Turk	200	65	0	0
Turkmen	10	0	0	0
Uighur	55	10	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	25	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,425	790	0	0
Bangladeshi	25	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,865	640	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	70	0	0	0
Pakistani	395	85	0	0
Punjabi	30	10	0	0
Sinhalese	15	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	60	35	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	70	20	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,095	1,750	0	20
Burmese	25	25	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	70	40	0	0
Chinese	2,050	545	0	15
Filipino	1,880	850	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	10	0	0
Japanese	305	145	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	330	55	0	0
Laotian	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0
Mongolian	20	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0
Thai	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	20	10	0	0
Vietnamese	650	215	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 114}	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	25	25	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	25	25	0	0
Oceania origins	90	85	0	0
Australian	80	80	0	0
New Zealander	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 116}	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 117}	10	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 118}	72,770	56,165	1,710	275
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,180	10,330	475	65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 119}	23,925	19,620	450	85
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,660	26,215	780	120
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,870	4,330	215	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 120}	2,815	1,945	125	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 121}	3,055	2,390	90	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,755	13,725	370	60
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,340	845	25	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,695	7,305	175	35
Bachelor's degree	7,500	5,345	100	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	655	425	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	115	0	0
Master's degree	2,115	1,335	65	15
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 122}	180	85	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 123}	72,765	56,165	1,710	280
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 124}	38,105	29,960	925	155
Education	2,175	1,730	65	0
13. Education	2,180	1,725	60	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,205	965	40	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	190	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	970	775	25	0
Humanities	1,550	1,110	30	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	145	95	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	360	240	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	400	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 125}	10	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	85	10	0
54. History	225	185	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	120	65	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,590	2,825	50	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	15	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	255	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	805	10	10
22. Legal professions and studies	485	350	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 126}	55	45	0	0
42. Psychology	555	425	20	0
45. Social sciences	1,235	925	15	10
Business, management and public administration	6,750	4,825	165	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	580	485	20	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,155	4,335	145	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	925	645	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	380	250	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	170	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 127}	10	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	265	170	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	50	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,140	845	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	830	600	15	10
25. Library science	105	80	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	185	150	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 128}	20	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,435	5,460	200	40
04. Architecture and related services	175	115	0	0
14. Engineering	925	380	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,805	1,440	35	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,500	1,175	45	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,870	1,470	50	10
48. Precision production	1,160	875	40	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	645	505	15	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	490	375	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	125	0	0
Health and related fields	5,840	4,660	110	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	575	515	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,190	4,125	100	25
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	70	30	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,390	2,640	95	10
12. Personal and culinary services	1,860	1,360	50	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	15	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,040	920	15	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	330	30	0
Other	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 129}	72,765	56,165	1,705	275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,105	29,955	925	155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 130}	34,665	26,210	780	120
Location of study inside Canada	28,525	23,825	725	110
Same as province or territory of residence	27,220	22,825	620	110
Different than province or territory of residence	1,300	995	100	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 131}	6,140	2,390	55	10
United States^{Footnote 132}	1,630	1,350	10	10
Philippines	685	110	0	0
India	495	60	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 133}	655	610	0	0
China^{Footnote 134}	235	0	0	0
France	40	10	25	0
Other	2,395	255	15	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 135}	72,765	56,165	1,710	275
In the labour force	45,085	35,775	805	185
Employed	41,620	33,045	755	165
Unemployed	3,460	2,730	55	15
Not in the labour force	27,685	20,390	905	90
Participation rate	62.0	63.7	47.1	67.3
Employment rate	57.2	58.8	44.2	60.0
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.6	6.8	8.1
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 136}	72,770	56,170	1,710	275
Did not work^{Footnote 137}	26,045	19,030	890	75
Worked	46,725	37,135	820	205
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 138}	22,885	18,510	435	70
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 139}	23,840	18,630	385	135
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.6	42.4	36.1
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 140}	48,270	38,310	875	205
a.Management	4,325	3,435	75	30
00 Senior management occupations	295	235	0	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	995	845	15	10
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,365	1,825	25	10
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	670	525	25	20
b.Professional	5,300	4,115	120	40
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	930	720	10	10
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	840	590	15	10
30 Professional occupations in nursing	770	590	0	10
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	360	230	10	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,460	1,220	50	10
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	665	535	25	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	290	235	0	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	4,125	3,490	75	15
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,120	930	30	0
32 Technical occupations in health	930	730	25	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	750	690	0	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	415	390	10	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	905	755	15	0
d.Administration and administrative support	4,755	3,950	80	10
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,915	1,555	30	10
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	385	285	10	0
14 Office support occupations	1,680	1,420	20	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	775	685	20	0
e.Sales	5,450	4,460	50	20
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	930	740	0	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	2,255	1,805	35	20
66 Sales support occupations	2,265	1,910	10	10
f.Personal and customer information services	15,280	11,415	280	85
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	920	710	10	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	845	685	20	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,660	1,930	50	15
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	5,285	3,885	95	40
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	5,575	4,210	105	15
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	3,280	2,695	95	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,100	1,675	65	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,175	1,015	25	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,195	2,585	70	15
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	580	500	15	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,885	1,470	35	15
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	725	610	15	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	785	655	0	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	95	85	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	225	130	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	465	440	10	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,775	1,515	30	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	305	260	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	485	390	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	515	460	10	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	465	405	15	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	48,270	38,310	875	205
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	475	305	10	0
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 142}	450	285	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	15	10	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	15	10	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	75	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	20	15	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	45	40	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	25	20	0	0
22 Utilities	335	280	20	0
221 Utilities	335	280	20	0
23 Construction	2,895	2,370	105	10
236 Construction of buildings	725	580	30	15
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	480	425	15	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	1,685	1,365	55	0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,570	2,965	70	10
311 Food manufacturing	500	390	20	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	155	115	0	0
313 Textile mills	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	10	15	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	25	20	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	30	35	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	85	65	15	0
323 Printing and related support activities	100	95	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	25	20	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	235	185	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	100	85	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	130	110	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	330	300	10	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	345	280	0	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	310	245	10	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	60	55	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	30	25	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	825	700	15	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	115	100	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	160	135	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,260	1,055	20	10
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	40	35	10	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	20	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	220	170	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	110	90	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	85	75	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	200	170	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	275	210	0	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	270	255	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	40	35	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	5,745	4,765	60	20
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	575	500	15	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	165	140	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	120	100	10	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	345	320	10	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,310	1,135	10	0
446 Health and personal care stores	555	435	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	150	85	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	765	605	0	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	245	215	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	700	570	10	10
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	690	555	10	0
454 Non-store retailers	135	115	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,955	1,480	35	10
481 Air transportation	50	40	0	0
482 Rail transportation	35	30	0	0
483 Water transportation	40	25	0	0
484 Truck transportation	585	375	10	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	490	350	15	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	115	95	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	265	230	0	0
491 Postal service	170	150	10	0
492 Couriers and messengers	125	115	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	80	75	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	485	400	10	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	95	85	10	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	110	95	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	30	20	0	0
517 Telecommunications	145	115	0	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	15	10	0	0
519 Other information services	85	70	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	980	745	20	10
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	590	460	15	10
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	105	65	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	285	220	10	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	635	450	10	10
531 Real estate	575	400	10	0
532 Rental and leasing services	60	55	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,980	1,520	25	15
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,980	1,525	25	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,460	1,910	70	10
561 Administrative and support services	2,315	1,785	70	10
562 Waste management and remediation services	145	130	0	0
61 Educational services	2,815	2,330	80	15
611 Educational services	2,815	2,330	80	15
62 Health care and social assistance	4,590	3,720	60	25
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,460	1,175	20	15
622 Hospitals	1,210	955	20	10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,125	855	15	0
624 Social assistance	795	735	0	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,965	2,985	45	20
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	250	205	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	605	525	15	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,110	2,255	30	20
72 Accommodation and food services	9,765	7,410	140	50
721 Accommodation services	3,655	2,605	55	20
722 Food services and drinking places	6,105	4,810	85	25
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,885	1,465	55	10
811 Repair and maintenance	565	465	15	0
812 Personal and laundry services	730	525	20	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	470	395	15	0
814 Private households	120	85	0	0
91 Public administration	2,375	2,050	45	15
911 Federal government public administration	690	555	20	10
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	305	255	20	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,380	1,245	10	0
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 143}	41,620	33,040	755	165
Worked at home	1,905	1,460	25	10
Worked outside Canada	330	265	0	0
No fixed workplace address	4,315	3,360	130	0
Worked at usual place	35,075	27,955	590	150
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	48,270	38,310	875	210
English	47,350	38,080	730	195
French	245	95	110	10
Non-official language	285	10	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	285	10	0	0
English and French	140	80	30	0
English and non-official language	240	45	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 145}	48,270	38,310	875	210
None	46,465	37,765	595	155
English	295	70	65	10
French	620	310	210	45
Non-official language	845	150	10	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	840	145	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	20	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	35,080	27,955	595	150
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,075	17,315	325	95
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,735	8,785	220	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,220	1,805	50	0
Commute to a different province or territory	55	50	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	39,395	31,315	725	160
Car, truck, van - as a driver	32,180	25,700	570	115
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,265	2,610	60	10
Public transit	1,075	775	20	10
Walked	2,050	1,590	40	10
Bicycle	385	320	10	0
Other method	440	320	25	10
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	39,395	31,320	725	160
Less than 15 minutes	16,860	13,640	270	40
15 to 29 minutes	16,065	12,610	320	95
30 to 44 minutes	3,530	2,715	75	10
45 to 59 minutes	1,125	925	10	0
60 minutes and over	1,815	1,425	50	10
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	39,390	31,315	725	155
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,410	1,955	85	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,085	4,965	140	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,935	6,540	155	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,465	6,600	140	60
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,150	3,860	75	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,350	7,400	130	30
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 149}	85,225	67,605	1,795	335
Non-movers	73,995	59,070	1,590	245
Movers	11,230	8,530	200	90
Non-migrants	6,355	5,010	130	80
Migrants	4,875	3,525	70	10
Internal migrants	4,410	3,365	70	10
Intraprovincial migrants	3,990	3,070	40	10
Interprovincial migrants	420	295	25	0
External migrants	465	155	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 150}	81,840	64,480	1,770	325
Non-movers	52,780	42,080	1,135	175
Movers	29,060	22,405	630	145
Non-migrants	16,535	13,610	355	120
Migrants	12,530	8,790	280	30
Internal migrants	10,625	8,335	270	25
Intraprovincial migrants	9,715	7,665	215	25
Interprovincial migrants	910	670	60	0
External migrants	1,905	455	10	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

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The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

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Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 64

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Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 133

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Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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