Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in St. Catharines, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	129,850	125,920	2,580	400	945	2,780
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	129,845	125,925	2,575	395	945	2,780
0 to 14 years	18,790	18,490	160	55	90	185
0 to 4 years	5,995	5,890	20	10	80	25
5 to 9 years	6,370	6,275	70	20	0	75
10 to 14 years	6,425	6,320	65	30	10	85
15 to 64 years	84,600	82,385	1,505	295	410	1,655
15 to 19 years	7,480	7,290	110	60	15	140
20 to 24 years	9,400	9,215	105	50	30	130
25 to 29 years	8,820	8,720	75	30	0	90
30 to 34 years	7,720	7,560	115	20	25	125
35 to 39 years	6,960	6,775	115	25	40	125
40 to 44 years	7,435	7,220	155	20	50	165
45 to 49 years	8,205	8,035	110	25	35	125
50 to 54 years	9,985	9,625	275	35	50	290
55 to 59 years	9,665	9,335	230	15	90	235
60 to 64 years	8,925	8,610	225	20	75	230
65 years and over	26,455	25,055	910	45	445	935
65 to 69 years	8,480	8,165	260	0	55	260
70 to 74 years	6,435	6,055	275	20	85	285
75 to 79 years	4,875	4,600	160	0	110	165
80 to 84 years	3,600	3,365	115	10	110	115
85 years and over	3,070	2,875	105	10	85	105
85 to 89 years	2,040	1,905	75	10	50	80
90 to 94 years	875	835	20	0	30	20
95 to 99 years	140	125	10	0	0	10
100 years and over	10	0	0	0	0	0
Average age	42.9	42.6	53.4	36.3	57.8	not applicable ...
Median age	44.0	43.5	57.3	30.1	62.4	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	111,055	107,435	2,420	340	855	2,590
Married or living common law	59,810	57,775	1,400	165	465	1,485
Married	49,775	47,990	1,170	155	470	1,245
Living common law	10,030	9,785	235	10	0	240
Not married and not living common law	51,250	49,665	1,020	175	385	1,110
Never married	31,505	30,805	480	155	75	555
Separated	4,315	4,155	100	10	50	110
Divorced	8,070	7,845	195	10	25	200
Widowed	7,355	6,860	240	10	240	245
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	111,055	107,440	2,420	340	855	2,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	107,255	103,760	2,375	300	825	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,919	40,084	40,676	28,425	21,163	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,170	30,368	30,900	19,796	17,750	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	107,300	103,800	2,375	300	825	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,091	34,222	34,355	25,343	19,989	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,965	28,127	28,609	19,296	17,736	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	94,075	91,255	1,995	250	570	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,097	38,267	38,079	27,219	15,719	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,282	27,582	26,109	15,090	10,987	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	83,025	80,150	1,870	250	765	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,401	8,322	10,920	6,463	11,064	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,136	7,006	11,888	2,244	10,945	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	75,045	73,135	1,380	210	315	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,272	37,323	39,803	27,562	21,052	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,256	27,335	29,984	17,726	15,983	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	83.7	84.0	78.8	81.4	51.3	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	65.3	65.6	57.2	67.9	38.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	16.3	16.0	21.2	18.9	48.8	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	111,055	107,440	2,420	340	855	2,590
Without total income	3,800	3,680	50	45	30	70
With total income	107,255	103,755	2,375	300	825	2,520
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.6	98.1	88.2	96.5	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,000	14,480	265	75	185	300
$10,000 to $19,999	21,160	20,265	510	75	305	555
$20,000 to $29,999	17,160	16,570	370	40	185	385
$30,000 to $39,999	13,860	13,315	395	45	105	420
$40,000 to $49,999	11,025	10,775	205	25	25	215
$50,000 to $59,999	8,300	8,125	160	0	10	165
$60,000 to $69,999	5,645	5,485	145	10	10	150
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795	3,705	85	0	0	85
$80,000 to $89,999	3,050	2,990	60	0	0	60
$90,000 to $99,999	2,540	2,485	60	0	0	60
$100,000 and over	5,715	5,570	115	20	10	130
$100,000 to $149,999	4,115	3,995	90	25	0	105
$150,000 and over	1,600	1,570	20	0	0	25
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	111,055	107,440	2,420	345	860	2,590
Without after-tax income	3,755	3,640	50	45	35	65
With after-tax income	107,295	103,800	2,370	300	820	2,520
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.6	97.9	87.0	95.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,470	14,935	275	80	180	320
$10,000 to $19,999	22,090	21,160	535	90	310	580
$20,000 to $29,999	19,830	19,125	445	35	225	460
$30,000 to $39,999	15,830	15,285	425	50	75	450
$40,000 to $49,999	12,220	11,975	215	10	20	220
$50,000 to $59,999	7,670	7,475	175	15	10	185
$60,000 to $69,999	4,635	4,535	95	0	0	95
$70,000 to $79,999	3,745	3,665	75	0	0	80
$80,000 and over	5,800	5,650	125	25	10	130
$80,000 to $89,999	2,100	2,035	45	15	0	55
$90,000 to $99,999	1,220	1,180	35	10	0	35
$100,000 and over	2,485	2,435	40	0	10	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	111,055	107,440	2,420	340	855	2,595
Without employment income	36,010	34,300	1,040	130	540	1,105
With employment income	75,045	73,130	1,385	210	315	1,490
Percentage with employment income	67.6	68.1	57.2	61.8	36.8	57.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,540	12,160	280	50	55	305
$5,000 to $9,999	6,525	6,355	100	25	45	115
$10,000 to $19,999	11,400	11,060	180	40	110	205
$20,000 to $29,999	9,405	9,190	130	30	55	145
$30,000 to $39,999	8,155	7,920	170	20	45	185
$40,000 to $49,999	6,890	6,740	135	10	10	135
$50,000 to $59,999	5,230	5,155	75	0	0	75
$60,000 to $69,999	3,575	3,455	105	15	0	110
$70,000 to $79,999	2,590	2,550	35	0	0	40
$80,000 and over	8,740	8,535	170	15	10	180
$80,000 to $89,999	2,275	2,240	35	0	0	35
$90,000 to $99,999	2,275	2,225	50	10	0	50
$100,000 and over	4,185	4,075	90	15	10	100
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	111,060	107,440	2,420	345	855	2,590
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	32,505	31,870	525	60	50	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	47,639	47,670	52,250	36,751	28,245	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	56,697	56,604	66,701	43,806	26,387	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	129,845	125,925	2,580	400	950	2,775
English only	119,460	119,460	0	0	0	0
French only	70	0	70	0	0	70
English and French	9,340	6,440	2,505	400	0	2,700
Neither English nor French	970	20	0	0	950	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	129,845	125,925	2,575	395	950	2,780
English	115,860	114,280	1,580	0	0	1,580
French	820	30	790	0	0	790
Non-official language	9,050	7,730	40	335	950	205
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	9,055	7,735	35	335	945	205
English and French	230	50	125	50	0	150
English and non-official language	3,795	3,795	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	0	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	60	20	30	15	0	35
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	129,845	125,920	2,580	400	950	2,780
None	117,785	115,250	1,535	175	825	1,625
English	4,390	3,795	365	150	85	440
French	1,560	945	605	10	0	610
Non-official language	5,945	5,830	55	25	35	70
Aboriginal	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5,930	5,820	55	25	35	70
English and French	55	0	10	40	0	30
English and non-official language	45	45	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	55	50	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	129,845	125,920	2,575	400	945	2,775
English	104,530	104,530	0	0	0	0
French	2,685	225	2,465	0	0	2,465
Non-official language	20,765	19,420	40	355	950	225
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	20,765	19,415	45	355	945	220
English and French	460	415	0	40	0	30
English and non-official language	1,285	1,285	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	10	50	0	0	50
English, French and non-official language	50	40	15	0	0	15
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	129,850	125,925	2,580	400	950	2,780
Official languages	128,875	125,900	2,580	395	0	2,780
English	128,805	125,905	2,505	395	0	2,705
French	9,415	6,440	2,575	400	0	2,775
Non-official languages	25,770	24,185	275	365	950	460
Aboriginal languages	20	20	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25,745	24,165	270	365	950	455
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	129,845	125,925	2,575	400	945	2,775
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	3,545	3,345	200	0	0	200
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	3,390	3,195	200	0	0	200
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	2,145	2,105	40	0	0	40
Métis	1,195	1,035	160	0	0	160
Inuk (Inuit)	55	55	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	65	60	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	85	90	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	126,300	122,580	2,375	395	950	2,580
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	129,845	125,925	2,580	400	945	2,775
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	1,095	1,065	25	0	0	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	128,750	124,855	2,550	395	950	2,750
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	129,850	125,925	2,580	400	945	2,775
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	590	555	35	0	0	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	575	540	35	0	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	440	425	10	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	120	95	25	0	0	25
Inuit single ancestry	20	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	10	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	4,685	4,465	225	0	0	225
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	4,560	4,375	185	0	0	185
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,440	3,360	75	0	0	80
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,085	980	100	0	0	105
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	30	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	130	90	40	0	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	110	70	40	0	0	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	124,565	120,905	2,315	400	950	2,515
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	129,845	125,920	2,580	400	945	2,775
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	123,095	119,695	2,510	300	590	2,660
Canadian citizens only	118,555	115,375	2,430	250	500	2,555
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	4,540	4,320	80	55	85	110
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	6,750	6,230	70	95	360	120
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	129,845	125,925	2,580	400	950	2,780
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	102,935	100,420	2,335	80	100	2,375
Immigrants^Footnote 42	24,545	23,340	210	295	695	355
Before 1981	12,070	11,710	95	55	210	125
1981 to 1990	2,680	2,555	20	25	90	30
1991 to 2000	3,040	2,815	35	75	120	70
2001 to 2010	4,770	4,460	30	95	190	75
2001 to 2005	2,340	2,175	20	70	75	50
2006 to 2010	2,435	2,280	10	30	115	25
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	1,985	1,805	30	45	95	50
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	2,370	2,160	35	20	150	45
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	24,545	23,345	210	295	695	355
Under 5 years	3,045	2,965	10	60	10	45
5 to 14 years	5,015	4,890	50	70	0	80
15 to 24 years	5,825	5,670	30	50	70	60
25 to 44 years	9,165	8,640	100	110	310	155
45 years and over	1,500	1,175	15	10	305	20
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	24,545	23,340	210	295	700	360
Americas	4,620	4,430	15	80	90	60
Brazil	40	45	0	0	0	0
Colombia	620	560	0	40	20	20
El Salvador	265	250	0	0	15	0
Guyana	75	80	0	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	10	0	0	10
Jamaica	480	480	0	0	0	0
Mexico	200	190	0	0	10	0
Peru	60	60	0	0	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	335	335	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,380	1,375	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,135	1,060	10	35	35	20
Europe	13,150	12,640	105	100	315	150
Bosnia and Herzegovina	170	175	0	0	0	0
Croatia	180	175	0	0	0	0
France	90	30	55	0	0	55
Germany	920	910	0	10	0	10
Greece	170	150	0	10	10	0
Hungary	250	250	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	170	165	0	0	0	0
Italy	1,750	1,565	10	15	155	20
Netherlands	1,005	1,005	0	0	0	0
Poland	1,375	1,280	0	10	85	10
Portugal	185	170	0	0	10	0
Romania	205	180	0	20	0	10
Russian Federation	245	235	0	0	10	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	135	130	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	440	415	0	0	20	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	4,620	4,620	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,255	1,180	30	25	25	40
Africa	1,550	1,390	90	50	25	115
Algeria	75	45	20	15	0	30
Egypt	130	115	0	0	10	10
Ethiopia	50	50	0	0	0	0
Kenya	75	70	0	0	0	0
Morocco	25	0	10	15	0	20
Nigeria	90	90	0	0	0	0
Somalia	55	55	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	155	155	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	900	805	60	15	15	65
Asia	5,165	4,815	10	65	275	35
Afghanistan	70	65	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	70	70	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	710	605	0	10	105	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	85	80	0	10	0	0
India	685	655	0	10	25	10
Iran^Footnote 53	185	160	0	25	0	10
Iraq	120	115	0	0	10	0
Japan	55	50	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	195	195	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	105	100	0	10	0	10
Pakistan	240	230	0	0	10	0
Philippines	1,025	1,020	0	0	10	0
Sri Lanka	75	75	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	190	160	0	0	35	0
Taiwan	55	50	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	245	195	0	0	50	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,050	990	0	15	40	15
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	65	65	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	1,980	1,810	30	50	95	50
Americas	500	475	0	15	10	10
Brazil	10	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	95	90	0	10	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	115	110	0	0	0	0
Mexico	25	20	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	145	140	0	10	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	75	0	0	10	0
Europe	195	170	0	10	15	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	40	40	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	15	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	15	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	55	50	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	50	0	10	10	0
Africa	255	200	25	20	0	40
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	0	0	15
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	40	20	0	10	0	10
Eritrea	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	15	0	0
Nigeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	150	135	10	0	0	10
Asia	1,025	950	0	10	65	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	260	230	0	0	25	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	10	0	0	0	0	0
India	160	155	0	0	10	0
Iran^Footnote 65	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	15	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Philippines	275	275	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	65	40	0	0	25	0
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	25	25	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	95	0	10	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	15	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	129,850	125,920	2,580	400	945	2,775
First generation^Footnote 71	27,510	26,085	260	320	850	420
Second generation^Footnote 72	29,520	29,110	270	55	85	300
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	72,815	70,725	2,055	25	15	2,060
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	12,795	11,930	115	245	500	240
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	4,785	4,575	40	120	50	100
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	1,980	1,890	20	45	15	45
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	2,805	2,680	15	75	30	55
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	4,360	4,075	15	15	260	25
Refugees^Footnote 79	3,460	3,115	50	110	190	105
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	185	170	0	0	10	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	129,845	125,920	2,580	395	945	2,775
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	16,525	15,540	215	185	575	310
South Asian^Footnote 83	1,865	1,795	30	25	25	35
Chinese	2,700	2,480	10	20	195	15
Black	3,715	3,575	115	20	0	130
Filipino	1,465	1,460	0	0	10	0
Latin American	2,175	1,925	30	60	165	60
Arab	1,440	1,350	25	35	30	45
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	880	805	10	0	65	10
West Asian^Footnote 85	340	310	0	0	25	0
Korean	555	520	10	0	35	0
Japanese	230	225	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	280	260	0	15	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	895	850	0	20	25	10
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	113,320	110,380	2,360	210	375	2,470
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	129,845	125,925	2,580	395	950	2,775
North American Aboriginal origins	5,280	5,020	260	0	0	265
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,015	3,890	130	0	0	125
Inuit	75	70	0	0	0	10
Métis	1,325	1,160	165	0	0	170
Other North American origins	36,645	35,295	1,310	25	15	1,325
Acadian	125	90	35	0	0	35
American	2,205	2,185	20	0	0	20
Canadian	35,105	33,805	1,265	20	20	1,275
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	125	125	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Québécois	65	50	20	0	0	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	20	20	0	0	0	0
European origins	99,670	97,335	1,740	205	385	1,845
British Isles origins	63,185	62,815	345	15	10	350
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	10	0	0	0	0
English	36,475	36,320	140	10	0	145
Irish	23,695	23,510	170	0	15	170
Manx	35	35	0	0	0	0
Scottish	27,005	26,895	100	0	10	95
Welsh	2,650	2,650	0	0	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	4,070	4,065	10	0	0	10
French origins	14,895	13,350	1,520	15	10	1,530
Alsatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	14,890	13,345	1,520	20	10	1,530
Western European origins (except French origins)	25,770	25,650	85	25	15	90
Austrian	870	865	0	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	355	325	30	0	0	30
Dutch	9,250	9,245	0	0	0	10
Flemish	55	50	0	0	0	10
Frisian	35	35	0	0	0	0
German	16,915	16,850	30	20	15	40
Luxembourger	0	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	440	435	10	0	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,855	2,840	10	0	0	15
Danish	760	760	0	0	0	0
Finnish	695	685	0	0	0	10
Icelandic	170	170	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	565	565	0	0	0	0
Swedish	720	720	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	115	115	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	19,725	19,410	60	90	165	105
Bulgarian	165	150	0	10	10	0
Byelorussian	105	95	0	0	10	0
Czech	470	470	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	180	180	0	0	0	0
Estonian	165	160	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,335	2,315	15	10	0	15
Latvian	245	240	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	265	265	0	0	0	10
Moldovan	25	20	0	0	10	0
Polish	7,610	7,465	25	25	100	35
Romanian	705	660	15	25	0	30
Russian	2,635	2,615	0	10	10	0
Slovak	750	745	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	7,480	7,390	20	20	50	30
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	60	60	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	17,505	17,080	115	100	210	170
Albanian	160	155	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	265	265	0	0	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	10	0	0
Croatian	770	770	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	870	840	15	15	10	15
Italian	12,200	11,935	90	15	160	100
Kosovar	20	15	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	130	115	0	10	10	10
Maltese	290	290	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	20	15	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	960	940	10	10	10	10
Serbian	310	300	0	15	0	10
Sicilian	25	30	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	545	540	0	0	0	0
Spanish	1,510	1,430	10	45	20	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	255	250	0	0	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	415	405	0	10	0	0
Basque	0	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	250	240	0	10	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	135	135	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	2,435	2,370	40	10	10	45
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	320	325	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	40	35	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	115	115	0	0	0	0
Dominican	80	70	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	70	45	20	0	0	25
Jamaican	1,205	1,185	20	0	0	15
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	15	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	400	400	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	225	220	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	60	50	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,780	2,500	45	95	140	90
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	155	125	25	10	0	25
Arawak	0	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	90	85	0	10	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Chilean	45	45	0	0	0	0
Colombian	735	645	0	60	30	30
Costa Rican	60	60	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	315	280	0	0	20	10
Guyanese	145	145	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	95	80	0	10	0	10
Honduran	80	70	0	15	0	0
Maya	85	60	20	0	0	20
Mexican	315	245	0	0	70	10
Nicaraguan	75	70	0	0	0	10
Panamanian	20	15	0	0	10	0
Paraguayan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	80	80	0	0	10	0
Salvadorean	300	285	0	10	15	10
Uruguayan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	140	125	0	10	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	100	95	10	0	0	0
African origins	3,290	3,090	140	35	30	155
Central and West African origins	505	445	55	0	10	60
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	30	25	0	0	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	35	10	25	0	0	25
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	95	90	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Malian	15	0	20	0	0	0
Malinké	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	205	205	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	45	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	80	50	25	0	0	25
North African origins	1,115	1,020	55	20	20	70
Algerian	45	20	35	0	0	30
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	10	15	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	300	285	0	10	0	10
Libyan	215	215	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	15	0	0	0	10
Sudanese	505	490	0	0	15	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	65	40	15	15	0	20
Southern and East African origins	685	655	15	15	0	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	25	15	0	10	0	10
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	45	40	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	20	15	0	0	0	0
Somali	110	100	10	0	0	10
South African	125	125	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	85	90	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	60	60	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	1,020	1,010	10	0	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	150	150	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	875	865	10	0	0	15
Asian origins	11,050	10,470	60	120	405	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,715	2,560	25	75	65	60
Afghan	90	85	0	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	330	315	0	15	10	10
Armenian	605	585	10	0	10	10
Assyrian	65	50	0	0	20	0
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	185	180	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	175	155	0	0	20	0
Israeli	40	35	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	125	115	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	185	150	0	20	10	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	415	395	10	0	0	15
Palestinian	210	200	0	0	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	115	115	0	0	0	0
Syrian	160	135	0	0	25	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	225	215	0	10	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	55	50	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	115	100	0	15	0	0
South Asian origins	2,090	2,010	25	25	30	40
Bangladeshi	20	15	0	0	0	0
Bengali	55	55	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,620	1,560	25	15	15	30
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	45	45	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	135	130	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	120	105	0	0	10	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	80	80	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	95	85	10	10	0	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,325	5,980	15	25	310	25
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	275	255	0	0	15	0
Chinese	3,325	3,075	0	25	220	20
Filipino	1,530	1,525	0	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Japanese	275	275	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	600	565	10	0	35	0
Laotian	320	300	0	0	15	10
Malaysian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	35	30	0	0	0	0
Thai	130	120	0	0	10	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	425	380	0	0	45	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	15	20	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	65	65	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	65	65	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	185	185	0	0	0	0
Australian	135	135	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	35	35	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	15	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	111,055	107,440	2,420	345	855	2,590
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,160	18,935	590	80	555	630
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	34,445	33,565	645	90	150	685
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,450	54,940	1,190	175	150	1,275
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,455	8,125	265	10	55	270
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	4,050	3,900	125	0	25	125
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	4,405	4,225	145	0	25	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	25,265	24,625	545	45	45	570
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,745	1,680	45	0	15	45
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	20,990	20,505	330	115	40	390
Bachelor's degree	14,275	13,995	215	45	15	240
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,325	1,250	20	40	15	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	605	600	0	0	10	0
Master's degree	4,040	3,940	75	15	10	85
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	740	720	10	15	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	111,055	107,440	2,420	340	855	2,590
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	54,605	52,500	1,230	170	710	1,315
Education	4,240	4,075	140	20	0	150
13. Education	4,240	4,075	140	20	0	150
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,145	2,105	30	0	15	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	325	325	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,825	1,780	30	0	15	30
Humanities	3,240	3,125	80	30	0	95
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	415	390	20	10	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	760	745	10	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	725	30	0	10	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	35	35	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	205	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	440	440	0	0	0	0
54. History	480	460	10	10	0	15
55. French language and literature/letters	155	125	25	10	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,575	6,430	115	25	0	130
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	105	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	635	625	10	0	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,485	1,455	35	0	0	30
22. Legal professions and studies	750	730	15	0	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	95	90	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,360	1,335	20	0	0	25
45. Social sciences	2,145	2,090	35	20	0	50
Business, management and public administration	10,790	10,515	225	25	25	240
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	35	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,065	1,045	25	10	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,685	9,440	200	20	30	210
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,670	1,655	15	0	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	745	740	0	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	295	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	20	15	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	490	485	0	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	120	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690	1,635	35	10	10	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,270	1,225	35	10	0	40
25. Library science	150	150	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	265	260	0	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	0	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,585	10,270	250	30	35	265
04. Architecture and related services	275	265	0	0	0	10
14. Engineering	1,375	1,330	20	10	10	30
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,605	2,545	45	0	0	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,015	1,925	60	0	20	65
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,255	2,190	55	10	0	60
48. Precision production	2,065	2,000	60	0	0	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	975	955	10	0	10	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	725	715	0	0	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	235	0	0	0	10
Health and related fields	9,805	9,605	155	25	20	165
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,145	1,125	15	0	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	8,495	8,315	140	25	10	150
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	170	160	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,725	4,565	135	0	25	135
12. Personal and culinary services	2,805	2,710	70	0	20	75
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,250	1,230	15	0	0	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	640	600	45	0	0	40
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	111,055	107,435	2,425	340	855	2,590
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,600	52,495	1,230	165	710	1,315
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	56,450	54,940	1,185	175	150	1,275
Location of study inside Canada	47,985	46,760	1,110	110	10	1,165
Same as province or territory of residence	45,315	44,325	895	80	10	935
Different than province or territory of residence	2,675	2,435	220	30	0	235
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	8,465	8,185	80	65	140	110
United States^Footnote 130	2,415	2,400	10	0	0	10
Philippines	405	405	0	0	0	0
India	365	365	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,330	1,330	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	400	340	0	10	55	0
France	50	20	25	0	0	25
Other	3,500	3,320	35	60	85	65
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	111,055	107,435	2,420	345	860	not applicable ...
In the labour force	67,005	65,360	1,185	195	265	not applicable ...
Employed	61,570	60,070	1,100	165	245	not applicable ...
Unemployed	5,435	5,290	85	35	25	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	44,050	42,080	1,235	145	590	not applicable ...
Participation rate	60.3	60.8	49.0	56.5	30.8	not applicable ...
Employment rate	55.4	55.9	45.5	47.8	28.5	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.1	7.2	17.9	9.4	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	111,055	107,440	2,425	340	855	2,595
Did not work^Footnote 135	41,995	40,055	1,170	150	630	1,240
Worked	69,060	67,390	1,255	190	225	1,350
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	33,250	32,590	540	55	50	570
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	35,810	34,790	710	130	175	775
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.5	42.2	38.1	33.2	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	71,460	69,665	1,275	220	295	1,385
a.Management	7,030	6,890	105	30	0	125
00 Senior management occupations	605	590	10	10	0	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,940	1,890	35	10	0	40
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	3,130	3,085	30	15	0	35
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,360	1,320	30	0	0	35
b.Professional	10,510	10,275	185	35	10	205
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,850	1,815	35	0	0	40
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,405	1,360	30	10	0	35
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,130	1,120	0	0	0	10
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	985	980	0	0	0	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,055	2,955	85	15	0	90
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,575	1,540	25	0	0	30
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	510	505	10	0	0	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	6,880	6,730	130	25	0	140
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,845	1,805	35	10	0	40
32 Technical occupations in health	1,380	1,370	15	0	0	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,460	1,410	35	0	0	45
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	570	560	10	0	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,620	1,580	40	0	0	35
d.Administration and administrative support	7,425	7,215	160	30	15	175
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	2,985	2,900	75	10	0	80
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	645	625	10	10	0	15
14 Office support occupations	2,475	2,400	50	15	0	55
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,325	1,285	25	0	15	25
e.Sales	8,610	8,465	100	30	15	115
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,535	1,510	25	0	0	25
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	4,165	4,090	45	20	0	60
66 Sales support occupations	2,915	2,865	25	10	10	35
f.Personal and customer information services	16,360	15,955	270	50	90	290
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,610	1,595	15	0	0	15
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,310	1,280	30	0	0	30
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	3,140	3,070	40	10	25	45
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,520	4,410	80	25	10	95
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	5,780	5,605	100	20	55	110
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	5,010	4,895	110	10	0	115
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,460	3,375	80	0	0	80
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,555	1,520	30	10	0	35
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,545	4,405	115	0	20	120
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,130	1,095	35	0	0	35
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,485	2,405	65	10	10	70
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	930	905	20	0	0	20
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,830	1,665	45	10	110	55
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	205	195	15	0	0	15
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,020	880	20	10	110	20
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	610	585	15	0	0	15
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,245	3,180	40	10	25	45
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	430	425	15	0	0	15
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	850	840	0	0	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,150	1,135	10	0	0	15
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	815	780	15	0	15	15
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	71,460	69,665	1,275	220	295	1,385
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,670	1,515	30	10	115	35
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	1,605	1,450	30	10	110	40
113 Forestry and logging	10	10	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	15	20	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	45	50	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	145	10	0	0	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	30	25	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	50	50	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	65	60	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	205	200	0	0	0	10
221 Utilities	210	205	10	0	0	0
23 Construction	4,660	4,545	105	0	15	105
236 Construction of buildings	1,225	1,195	35	0	0	35
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	485	475	10	0	0	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,945	2,875	60	0	10	65
31-33 Manufacturing	6,195	6,025	125	20	30	130
311 Food manufacturing	510	495	0	0	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	440	435	10	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	20	20	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	30	30	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	55	50	0	0	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	15	20	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	115	110	10	0	0	15
322 Paper manufacturing	165	165	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	210	215	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	15	20	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	215	200	15	0	0	15
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	175	160	0	10	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	175	170	10	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	365	365	10	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	770	745	20	10	10	25
333 Machinery manufacturing	495	475	10	0	0	15
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	120	115	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	85	85	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,690	1,650	35	0	0	35
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	255	240	10	0	0	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	270	265	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	2,185	2,145	35	0	10	40
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	140	140	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	15	20	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	285	280	0	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	245	240	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	110	110	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	335	330	0	0	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	640	615	25	0	0	25
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	345	340	0	0	0	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	70	75	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	9,995	9,825	110	40	25	130
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,025	1,010	15	0	0	15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	250	250	0	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	340	345	0	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	585	585	0	0	0	10
445 Food and beverage stores	2,260	2,225	10	10	10	15
446 Health and personal care stores	895	870	15	0	0	20
447 Gasoline stations	150	150	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,390	1,350	30	20	0	40
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	520	510	10	10	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,435	1,410	15	0	10	20
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	890	880	0	0	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	250	240	0	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,735	2,640	60	20	10	75
481 Air transportation	95	90	10	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	45	45	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	165	160	10	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	845	825	20	0	0	20
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	595	575	10	0	0	15
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	25	25	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	355	335	0	10	0	10
491 Postal service	235	230	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	235	225	15	0	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	145	145	0	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,100	1,080	25	0	0	25
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	330	315	10	0	0	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	170	170	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	115	110	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	235	225	0	0	0	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	55	55	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	200	200	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,150	2,080	50	20	0	55
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	10	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	1,235	1,200	30	10	0	30
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	280	275	10	0	0	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	610	595	15	0	0	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	10	15	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,345	1,330	0	0	10	10
531 Real estate	1,120	1,095	10	0	0	10
532 Rental and leasing services	215	215	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	15	15	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,540	3,495	25	10	10	30
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,540	3,495	25	10	0	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	70	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	70	65	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,410	4,260	110	10	30	110
561 Administrative and support services	4,210	4,070	100	0	35	105
562 Waste management and remediation services	200	195	0	0	0	10
61 Educational services	5,575	5,365	170	30	10	185
611 Educational services	5,575	5,365	175	30	10	185
62 Health care and social assistance	8,895	8,750	125	15	0	135
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,885	2,840	35	10	0	35
622 Hospitals	1,905	1,890	10	0	0	10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,330	2,285	40	0	0	40
624 Social assistance	1,775	1,735	35	0	0	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,120	2,080	30	0	10	35
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	535	530	0	0	0	10
712 Heritage institutions	200	195	0	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,380	1,350	20	0	10	20
72 Accommodation and food services	7,870	7,710	90	25	40	105
721 Accommodation services	1,740	1,700	30	0	10	30
722 Food services and drinking places	6,135	6,010	65	25	35	75
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,435	3,340	85	0	0	85
811 Repair and maintenance	890	860	25	0	0	25
812 Personal and laundry services	1,340	1,310	30	0	0	30
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	955	930	30	0	0	25
814 Private households	245	235	10	0	0	0
91 Public administration	3,165	3,065	80	20	0	90
911 Federal government public administration	700	665	30	10	0	35
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	660	625	20	15	0	25
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,800	1,770	30	10	0	30
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	61,575	60,070	1,100	165	245	1,180
Worked at home	3,575	3,505	45	15	0	55
Worked outside Canada	390	365	15	0	10	15
No fixed workplace address	6,450	6,200	180	30	40	195
Worked at usual place	51,165	49,995	860	120	195	920
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	71,460	69,665	1,275	220	295	1,385
English	70,195	68,910	995	195	100	1,095
French	270	100	165	0	0	170
Non-official language	420	230	0	0	185	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	425	230	0	0	185	0
English and French	245	140	95	15	0	100
English and non-official language	305	285	0	0	15	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	15	0	0	15
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	71,460	69,665	1,275	220	300	1,385
None	68,955	67,665	895	190	210	990
English	380	215	90	10	65	95
French	920	620	280	15	0	290
Non-official language	1,165	1,130	10	0	20	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,165	1,130	10	10	25	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	40	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	51,165	49,990	865	115	195	920
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,800	29,145	455	65	130	485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,425	15,025	315	35	45	335
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,815	5,695	90	15	20	100
Commute to a different province or territory	125	120	0	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	57,610	56,190	1,045	145	235	1,115
Car, truck, van - as a driver	46,655	45,630	845	105	80	895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,380	4,210	55	30	85	70
Public transit	2,450	2,385	55	10	0	60
Walked	2,955	2,830	60	0	65	60
Bicycle	565	555	10	0	0	10
Other method	605	580	15	0	0	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	57,610	56,190	1,040	145	235	1,115
Less than 15 minutes	22,035	21,530	335	60	115	360
15 to 29 minutes	22,850	22,265	445	45	90	475
30 to 44 minutes	6,595	6,440	110	25	15	125
45 to 59 minutes	2,530	2,470	45	0	10	50
60 minutes and over	3,600	3,480	105	15	10	110
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	57,610	56,190	1,045	145	235	1,115
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,590	3,515	70	0	10	65
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,665	9,330	190	30	115	205
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,845	12,510	290	25	20	300
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,345	13,055	235	30	20	250
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,385	7,225	95	20	45	105
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,785	10,545	165	35	30	190
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	128,650	124,765	2,575	400	910	2,770
Non-movers	111,250	108,010	2,250	315	675	2,405
Movers	17,400	16,760	325	80	235	365
Non-migrants	10,720	10,380	190	45	100	210
Migrants	6,685	6,375	135	35	135	155
Internal migrants	5,755	5,595	105	35	20	120
Intraprovincial migrants	5,245	5,105	95	15	20	105
Interprovincial migrants	510	495	0	15	0	15
External migrants	925	775	35	10	110	35
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	123,850	120,030	2,555	395	865	2,755
Non-movers	77,080	74,695	1,740	200	450	1,840
Movers	46,765	45,340	815	195	420	915
Non-migrants	27,545	26,920	430	45	145	455
Migrants	19,230	18,420	385	145	275	455
Internal migrants	15,615	15,135	350	85	45	390
Intraprovincial migrants	14,225	13,780	330	70	50	360
Interprovincial migrants	1,390	1,355	25	15	0	30
External migrants	3,610	3,290	35	60	230	65

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – St. Catharines, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.