Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Waterloo
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	527,340	509,705	5,840	2,650	9,150	7,165
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	527,340	509,705	5,840	2,650	9,155	7,165
0 to 14 years	95,215	91,565	605	805	2,240	1,010
0 to 4 years	30,345	28,295	200	65	1,780	235
5 to 9 years	32,665	31,880	195	315	275	350
10 to 14 years	32,205	31,385	210	430	180	425
15 to 64 years	360,650	351,605	4,015	1,680	3,350	4,850
15 to 19 years	33,440	32,730	270	330	110	435
20 to 24 years	39,595	39,030	240	215	115	345
25 to 29 years	37,320	36,695	285	125	215	345
30 to 34 years	36,455	35,715	315	165	255	395
35 to 39 years	34,970	34,135	440	185	210	535
40 to 44 years	35,590	34,675	430	180	305	520
45 to 49 years	37,145	36,265	445	110	330	500
50 to 54 years	39,975	38,715	580	140	545	650
55 to 59 years	36,075	34,840	510	125	600	570
60 to 64 years	30,080	28,810	495	105	665	550
65 years and over	71,475	66,535	1,215	160	3,560	1,300
65 to 69 years	25,185	23,845	445	50	840	470
70 to 74 years	17,770	16,580	345	60	795	370
75 to 79 years	12,495	11,510	225	30	730	245
80 to 84 years	8,980	8,135	110	15	720	125
85 years and over	7,045	6,475	90	0	480	95
85 to 89 years	4,910	4,565	65	10	275	70
90 to 94 years	1,800	1,610	20	0	170	15
95 to 99 years	290	270	10	0	20	10
100 years and over	45	35	0	0	10	0
Average age	38.6	38.4	46.1	30.2	48.1	not applicable ...
Median age	38.1	37.8	48.6	24.0	57.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	432,125	418,145	5,230	1,835	6,910	6,155
Married or living common law	254,915	246,050	3,420	1,040	4,410	3,935
Married	216,630	208,520	2,850	970	4,295	3,330
Living common law	38,285	37,530	575	70	115	610
Not married and not living common law	177,205	172,090	1,815	805	2,500	2,215
Never married	122,240	120,090	965	675	515	1,300
Separated	12,855	12,395	190	35	235	210
Divorced	23,830	23,095	375	45	315	395
Widowed	18,275	16,510	280	55	1,435	310
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	432,125	418,140	5,235	1,840	6,910	6,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	414,820	401,700	5,080	1,635	6,410	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,906	47,288	54,330	39,567	18,901	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,705	36,209	40,621	26,180	16,557	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	414,875	401,740	5,080	1,640	6,410	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,984	39,288	43,634	32,916	17,802	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,313	32,748	36,658	25,032	16,427	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	376,265	366,740	4,605	1,465	3,455	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,358	46,563	53,454	40,159	17,843	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,866	35,148	39,492	25,787	9,677	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	289,535	279,225	3,470	1,090	5,750	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,957	6,873	8,615	5,544	10,331	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,424	3,320	7,742	1,651	11,481	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	320,105	313,195	3,795	1,275	1,840	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,299	46,349	53,838	41,440	25,711	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,454	36,550	43,093	26,823	20,700	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	89.6	89.9	89.1	90.7	50.9	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	76.2	76.4	73.9	81.4	39.2	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	10.4	10.1	10.8	9.3	49.1	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	432,125	418,140	5,230	1,840	6,910	6,150
Without total income	17,300	16,445	155	205	505	255
With total income	414,820	401,695	5,080	1,640	6,405	5,900
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	97.1	89.1	92.7	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	57,625	54,860	525	415	1,825	735
$10,000 to $19,999	66,855	63,330	710	290	2,525	855
$20,000 to $29,999	55,615	53,590	690	230	1,110	805
$30,000 to $39,999	47,755	46,700	600	145	315	670
$40,000 to $49,999	43,595	42,660	540	110	290	590
$50,000 to $59,999	35,200	34,520	460	90	125	505
$60,000 to $69,999	26,440	25,880	360	100	105	410
$70,000 to $79,999	20,025	19,640	290	35	65	310
$80,000 to $89,999	15,040	14,730	235	60	15	265
$90,000 to $99,999	13,470	13,180	220	60	0	255
$100,000 and over	33,200	32,600	450	115	35	510
$100,000 to $149,999	22,960	22,565	295	70	20	335
$150,000 and over	10,240	10,030	155	45	15	180
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	432,125	418,140	5,235	1,840	6,910	6,155
Without after-tax income	17,250	16,400	150	200	500	255
With after-tax income	414,875	401,745	5,085	1,640	6,410	5,900
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	97.1	89.1	92.8	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	59,060	56,260	550	420	1,830	760
$10,000 to $19,999	70,085	66,470	775	290	2,545	925
$20,000 to $29,999	64,585	62,395	770	255	1,165	900
$30,000 to $39,999	58,315	56,980	750	160	420	830
$40,000 to $49,999	50,405	49,420	625	130	220	690
$50,000 to $59,999	35,690	34,960	500	100	125	555
$60,000 to $69,999	24,470	23,985	335	90	55	380
$70,000 to $79,999	18,935	18,555	310	65	10	340
$80,000 and over	33,335	32,710	460	120	40	525
$80,000 to $89,999	11,360	11,155	155	35	10	175
$90,000 to $99,999	6,835	6,705	100	30	10	115
$100,000 and over	15,145	14,860	205	50	25	235
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	432,125	418,140	5,235	1,835	6,910	6,155
Without employment income	112,015	104,945	1,440	565	5,065	1,720
With employment income	320,105	313,195	3,790	1,275	1,845	4,430
Percentage with employment income	74.1	74.9	72.4	69.5	26.7	72.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	39,070	38,130	460	200	270	565
$5,000 to $9,999	25,055	24,430	205	170	245	290
$10,000 to $19,999	41,035	40,090	390	170	385	475
$20,000 to $29,999	33,270	32,430	375	150	320	445
$30,000 to $39,999	33,840	33,165	355	105	215	405
$40,000 to $49,999	32,470	31,840	380	70	185	415
$50,000 to $59,999	27,195	26,655	335	110	100	390
$60,000 to $69,999	20,655	20,220	315	55	60	345
$70,000 to $79,999	16,160	15,900	195	40	30	215
$80,000 and over	51,360	50,340	785	200	35	890
$80,000 to $89,999	12,815	12,550	200	65	10	230
$90,000 to $99,999	11,805	11,590	175	45	0	200
$100,000 and over	26,735	26,195	410	95	30	460
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	432,125	418,140	5,230	1,840	6,910	6,150
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	165,235	162,235	1,930	525	540	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	54,558	54,594	61,618	54,104	34,015	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	64,969	65,019	69,905	62,987	34,265	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	527,340	509,700	5,840	2,650	9,150	7,160
English only	483,410	483,410	0	0	0	0
French only	205	0	200	0	0	205
English and French	34,455	26,180	5,625	2,650	0	6,950
Neither English nor French	9,270	115	10	0	9,150	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	527,340	509,700	5,840	2,645	9,150	7,165
English	439,405	435,620	3,780	0	0	3,780
French	1,580	115	1,465	0	0	1,465
Non-official language	62,730	51,190	115	2,270	9,150	1,250
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	62,730	51,190	115	2,270	9,150	1,250
English and French	705	190	340	175	0	430
English and non-official language	22,440	22,410	35	0	0	35
French and non-official language	50	0	50	0	0	45
English, French and non-official language	435	165	60	205	0	160
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	527,345	509,705	5,840	2,645	9,150	7,165
None	459,645	446,920	3,080	1,135	8,505	3,650
English	26,945	24,530	820	1,200	390	1,420
French	4,750	3,010	1,670	70	0	1,705
Non-official language	34,865	34,385	170	75	240	205
Aboriginal	60	60	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	34,805	34,325	170	75	240	205
English and French	205	45	10	155	0	90
English and non-official language	485	445	25	10	15	30
French and non-official language	445	375	65	0	0	70
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	527,340	509,700	5,840	2,645	9,150	7,165
English	389,105	389,095	10	0	0	10
French	5,945	585	5,360	0	0	5,360
Non-official language	122,310	110,580	215	2,370	9,150	1,395
Aboriginal	30	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	122,280	110,555	215	2,365	9,150	1,395
English and French	1,230	985	70	180	0	160
English and non-official language	8,295	8,300	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	240	45	190	0	0	190
English, French and non-official language	215	110	0	100	0	50
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	527,340	509,705	5,835	2,650	9,150	7,165
Official languages	518,065	509,590	5,830	2,645	0	7,155
English	517,870	509,590	5,630	2,650	0	6,950
French	34,660	26,180	5,830	2,645	0	7,150
Non-official languages	147,265	134,700	895	2,515	9,155	2,155
Aboriginal languages	105	105	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	147,165	134,600	895	2,515	9,155	2,155
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	527,340	509,700	5,840	2,650	9,150	7,165
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	8,980	8,630	345	10	0	350
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	8,530	8,195	335	10	0	335
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	5,525	5,455	70	0	0	70
Métis	2,830	2,570	255	0	0	255
Inuk (Inuit)	175	170	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	175	175	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	280	270	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	518,360	501,075	5,495	2,640	9,150	6,815
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	527,340	509,705	5,840	2,650	9,150	7,160
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	2,570	2,515	55	10	0	55
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	524,765	507,190	5,785	2,645	9,150	7,105
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	527,340	509,705	5,840	2,645	9,150	7,165
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	1,385	1,320	60	0	0	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	1,350	1,290	60	10	0	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	1,070	1,055	10	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	255	210	45	10	0	45
Inuit single ancestry	30	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	30	30	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	30	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	13,795	13,310	480	0	0	480
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	13,470	13,000	470	10	0	470
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10,190	9,950	240	0	10	240
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,960	2,740	225	0	0	225
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	320	315	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	320	310	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	280	260	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	30	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	512,165	495,075	5,300	2,640	9,150	6,615
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	527,340	509,705	5,840	2,650	9,150	7,165
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	493,440	480,240	5,565	2,155	5,480	6,640
Canadian citizens only	468,070	456,795	5,240	1,425	4,605	5,955
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	25,370	23,440	325	730	875	690
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	33,900	29,465	275	495	3,665	525
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	527,345	509,700	5,840	2,645	9,150	7,160
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	398,665	391,090	5,035	905	1,630	5,490
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	119,335	109,785	745	1,630	7,180	1,560
Before 1981	36,170	34,675	140	145	1,205	210
1981 to 1990	15,810	14,795	25	125	865	85
1991 to 2000	23,890	22,185	145	325	1,235	310
2001 to 2010	29,425	26,890	275	765	1,505	655
2001 to 2005	14,700	13,550	135	340	670	305
2006 to 2010	14,725	13,335	135	425	835	350
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	14,045	11,240	165	265	2,375	300
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	9,340	8,825	60	115	340	115
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	119,335	109,785	745	1,625	7,175	1,560
Under 5 years	13,865	13,225	90	250	295	220
5 to 14 years	24,055	23,140	135	375	405	320
15 to 24 years	25,715	24,830	95	185	610	185
25 to 44 years	47,405	43,470	360	715	2,860	715
45 years and over	8,290	5,115	55	105	3,010	115
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	119,335	109,780	745	1,630	7,180	1,560
Americas	17,720	17,025	85	220	395	190
Brazil	495	475	0	0	15	10
Colombia	1,655	1,515	15	45	75	40
El Salvador	1,955	1,765	0	35	160	15
Guyana	2,305	2,305	0	0	0	0
Haiti	35	10	30	0	0	30
Jamaica	1,920	1,920	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,190	1,110	0	35	40	20
Peru	190	180	0	0	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	685	680	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 47}	3,925	3,860	20	40	10	40
Other places of birth in Americas	3,355	3,195	0	55	95	35
Europe	51,780	48,540	325	765	2,160	705
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,160	2,875	0	55	220	30
Croatia	2,105	2,015	0	15	70	10
France	350	120	220	10	0	220
Germany	4,735	4,695	10	35	0	25
Greece	585	550	0	0	25	10
Hungary	830	810	0	0	15	0
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	430	430	0	0	0	0
Italy	1,145	1,100	10	10	30	10
Netherlands	1,750	1,715	15	20	10	20
Poland	4,280	4,120	0	20	135	15
Portugal	7,155	5,970	0	45	1,150	20
Romania	5,145	4,515	15	360	255	195
Russian Federation	780	730	0	20	25	15
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	2,530	2,420	0	30	80	15
Ukraine	740	685	0	25	25	15
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	11,360	11,330	0	15	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	4,700	4,455	55	90	105	100
Africa	7,250	6,490	290	165	310	370
Algeria	55	10	40	0	0	45
Egypt	1,190	1,020	45	60	60	75
Ethiopia	955	880	10	20	50	20
Kenya	425	410	0	10	10	0
Morocco	45	25	15	0	0	20
Nigeria	305	305	0	0	0	0
Somalia	715	640	10	10	70	10
South Africa, Republic of	510	505	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	3,045	2,680	165	70	130	195
Asia	42,230	37,385	50	480	4,315	290
Afghanistan	1,285	1,145	0	0	140	0
Bangladesh	700	690	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 51}	6,395	5,355	0	60	985	25
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	785	770	0	0	15	0
India	8,590	7,920	0	60	610	30
Iran^{Footnote 53}	1,580	1,450	0	25	110	15
Iraq	1,950	1,665	0	10	280	0
Japan	145	145	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	1,460	1,350	0	15	100	0
Lebanon	640	560	0	40	35	30
Pakistan	3,805	3,620	0	45	120	30
Philippines	2,465	2,460	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	910	885	0	0	30	0
Syria^{Footnote 55}	1,660	955	10	15	685	10
Taiwan	465	440	0	0	20	0
Viet Nam	3,355	2,685	0	20	650	10
Other places of birth in Asia	6,040	5,295	30	180	530	120
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	355	350	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	14,045	11,240	165	265	2,375	295
Americas	1,790	1,665	20	35	75	35
Brazil	50	45	0	0	0	0
Colombia	275	230	0	10	30	10
Cuba	85	70	0	10	15	0
Haiti	15	0	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	170	165	0	0	0	0
Mexico	175	170	0	10	10	0
United States^{Footnote 58}	565	550	0	15	10	10
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	35	25	0	0	15	0
Other places of birth in Americas	415	405	0	0	10	0
Europe	1,730	1,420	45	120	145	110
France	40	0	30	10	0	40
Germany	130	115	0	10	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	55	55	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	25	15	0	10	0	0
Romania	265	170	0	50	40	30
Russian Federation	90	70	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	70	55	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	280	270	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	780	665	10	30	75	25
Africa	1,550	1,260	75	40	170	100
Algeria	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	285	230	10	25	25	25
Eritrea	340	275	0	0	65	0
Ethiopia	225	195	0	0	30	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	105	110	0	0	0	0
Somalia	205	160	0	0	40	0
South Africa, Republic of	75	75	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	270	210	35	0	20	35
Asia	8,930	6,855	20	70	1,985	55
Afghanistan	230	205	0	0	25	0
Bangladesh	135	135	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 63}	1,395	920	0	0	465	10
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	25	25	0	0	0	0
India	1,835	1,630	0	0	200	0
Iran^{Footnote 65}	495	425	0	10	55	10
Iraq	850	665	0	10	180	0
Israel	45	35	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	160	145	0	0	15	0
Lebanon	65	35	0	10	20	0
Nepal	75	50	20	0	0	20
Pakistan	620	585	0	0	35	0
Philippines	600	600	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	115	100	0	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	90	85	0	0	10	0
Syria^{Footnote 67}	1,055	400	10	0	650	10
Taiwan	70	65	0	0	0	0
Turkey	95	55	0	0	40	0
United Arab Emirates	60	55	0	0	0	10
Viet Nam	260	170	0	0	90	0
Other places of birth in Asia	635	440	0	15	175	10
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	45	45	0	0	0	0
Australia	25	30	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	527,340	509,705	5,840	2,650	9,150	7,165
First generation^{Footnote 71}	131,190	121,045	850	1,745	7,555	1,720
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	109,490	107,120	525	745	1,100	895
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	286,665	281,540	4,470	160	500	4,545
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	84,990	76,785	610	1,495	6,095	1,360
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	35,940	33,935	345	940	720	820
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	13,120	12,305	145	355	315	320
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	22,820	21,630	200	590	405	495
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	24,415	21,420	145	195	2,660	240
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	23,930	20,810	120	355	2,645	295
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	705	625	0	15	65	10
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	527,340	509,700	5,840	2,650	9,150	7,160
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	100,025	92,295	665	1,185	5,880	1,255
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	26,720	25,235	80	270	1,145	210
Chinese	15,965	14,480	10	160	1,315	90
Black	15,135	14,390	335	85	315	385
Filipino	3,605	3,595	0	0	10	0
Latin American	9,150	8,455	40	235	405	165
Arab	7,105	5,630	75	185	1,215	165
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	8,210	7,285	60	85	780	100
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	4,340	3,940	0	90	305	45
Korean	2,470	2,275	0	25	165	15
Japanese	755	715	0	0	35	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	3,270	3,195	15	15	45	20
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	3,305	3,090	45	35	130	65
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	427,320	417,410	5,175	1,465	3,270	5,905
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	527,340	509,705	5,840	2,650	9,150	7,165
North American Aboriginal origins	15,180	14,625	545	10	0	545
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,600	11,325	265	0	10	265
Inuit	395	380	15	0	0	10
Métis	3,540	3,255	280	0	0	280
Other North American origins	141,155	137,730	2,825	185	410	2,920
Acadian	595	465	130	0	0	130
American	6,020	5,915	30	35	35	45
Canadian	136,160	132,905	2,730	150	380	2,800
New Brunswicker	10	15	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,250	1,250	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	100	95	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Québécois	150	130	20	0	0	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	15	15	0	0	0	0
European origins	373,180	364,680	4,025	1,390	3,080	4,715
British Isles origins	218,975	217,865	990	70	55	1,025
Channel Islander	35	35	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	0	0
English	122,175	121,630	455	45	50	475
Irish	90,820	90,280	515	25	10	525
Manx	85	80	0	0	0	0
Scottish	94,345	94,085	235	20	0	245
Welsh	8,940	8,915	15	0	0	15
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	15,550	15,485	45	15	0	55
French origins	47,480	43,810	3,540	105	30	3,585
Alsatian	305	305	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	10	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	15	0	0	0	0
French	47,200	43,535	3,535	110	30	3,590
Western European origins (except French origins)	143,640	142,660	355	170	460	440
Austrian	4,365	4,330	15	10	15	20
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,985	1,920	55	10	0	55
Dutch	26,130	25,995	45	25	60	60
Flemish	215	205	0	0	0	0
Frisian	95	95	0	0	0	0
German	116,880	116,145	225	135	375	290
Luxembourger	75	80	0	0	0	0
Swiss	8,790	8,630	45	25	85	60
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	9,500	9,415	50	15	15	60
Danish	2,130	2,120	10	0	0	10
Finnish	1,860	1,840	10	0	0	15
Icelandic	470	470	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,425	2,410	0	0	10	0
Swedish	2,510	2,485	20	10	0	20
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	675	665	0	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	64,040	62,410	215	730	680	580
Bulgarian	410	385	15	10	10	20
Byelorussian	390	370	0	15	0	10
Czech	2,490	2,445	10	20	25	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	600	605	0	0	0	0
Estonian	535	525	0	0	0	10
Hungarian	8,645	8,530	30	30	55	50
Latvian	620	620	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	1,100	1,085	0	0	15	0
Moldovan	125	100	0	20	0	10
Polish	25,375	25,035	80	75	185	120
Romanian	9,790	9,025	20	455	290	245
Russian	7,010	6,855	15	85	50	60
Slovak	2,085	2,035	15	0	25	20
Ukrainian	13,220	13,015	45	55	105	75
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	200	195	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	65,105	62,300	335	490	1,975	580
Albanian	1,195	1,095	0	0	90	0
Bosnian	1,365	1,275	0	25	65	10
Catalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	4,920	4,770	0	45	105	25
Cypriot	645	635	0	0	0	0
Greek	3,925	3,835	20	20	55	25
Italian	18,830	18,505	205	55	70	235
Kosovar	120	115	0	0	0	10
Macedonian	870	830	10	15	25	10
Maltese	775	770	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	180	180	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	21,300	20,005	45	80	1,170	80
Serbian	7,290	6,815	10	175	295	100
Sicilian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,265	1,260	0	0	0	0
Spanish	5,505	5,160	75	120	150	135
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	1,590	1,565	0	0	25	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	2,325	2,235	25	25	25	40
Basque	75	70	10	0	0	0
Jewish	1,175	1,120	10	25	25	15
Roma (Gypsy)	45	45	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	100	95	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	950	925	15	0	10	20
Caribbean origins	9,870	9,750	65	20	40	75
Antiguan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	45	50	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	820	815	0	10	0	0
Bermudan	130	130	0	0	0	0
Carib	35	30	0	0	0	0
Cuban	645	600	10	10	30	15
Dominican	255	250	0	0	10	0
Grenadian	195	195	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	100	60	45	0	0	45
Jamaican	5,225	5,215	10	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	65	65	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,375	1,375	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	175	165	0	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	1,055	1,055	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	235	235	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	13,805	12,975	60	305	460	215
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	380	340	0	25	15	10
Arawak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	210	205	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	45	20	0	25	0	15
Brazilian	660	615	0	20	25	10
Chilean	410	410	0	0	0	0
Colombian	2,410	2,160	15	110	120	70
Costa Rican	60	55	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	265	250	0	10	10	10
Guatemalan	640	615	15	0	15	15
Guyanese	2,625	2,620	0	10	0	0
Hispanic	335	330	0	0	0	0
Honduran	145	145	0	0	0	0
Maya	145	140	0	0	10	0
Mexican	1,840	1,650	15	75	105	50
Nicaraguan	620	590	0	15	15	10
Panamanian	45	50	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	40	40	0	0	0	10
Peruvian	355	325	10	10	15	10
Salvadorean	2,335	2,180	10	30	115	25
Uruguayan	45	25	0	10	10	10
Venezuelan	345	315	10	10	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	695	665	0	0	30	0
African origins	12,840	11,655	535	240	405	660
Central and West African origins	1,430	1,210	200	15	10	210
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	20	20	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	45	20	30	0	0	30
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	190	60	110	15	10	115
Edo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	225	225	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ibo	60	60	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Liberian	65	70	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	590	590	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	120	120	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	140	100	40	0	0	35
North African origins	3,415	3,050	150	140	80	220
Algerian	115	45	40	30	0	55
Berber	10	10	0	0	0	0
Coptic	25	20	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,970	1,765	60	80	65	105
Libyan	165	160	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	175	145	30	10	0	30
Sudanese	975	950	10	0	15	0
Tunisian	40	0	10	30	0	25
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	5,415	4,985	105	75	245	140
Afrikaner	25	20	0	0	0	0
Amhara	35	35	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	25	15	10	0	0	10
Burundian	35	0	35	0	0	35
Djiboutian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,400	1,325	0	10	65	0
Ethiopian	1,365	1,280	10	20	50	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	90	90	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	80	35	30	15	0	35
Oromo	35	30	0	0	10	0
Rwandan	75	65	15	0	0	15
Seychellois	15	15	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,500	1,340	10	35	120	25
South African	535	525	10	10	0	10
Tanzanian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	70	65	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	70	70	0	0	0	0
Zambian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	75	75	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	270	260	10	0	0	10
Other African origins	2,980	2,810	80	15	75	85
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	350	350	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	2,650	2,475	80	15	75	85
Asian origins	77,395	71,230	220	830	5,125	635
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	16,385	14,400	60	315	1,615	220
Afghan	2,200	1,960	0	75	165	40
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	1,425	1,160	0	15	250	10
Armenian	1,275	1,145	0	55	65	30
Assyrian	155	140	0	0	20	0
Azerbaijani	150	140	10	10	0	15
Georgian	70	65	0	0	10	0
Hazara	55	45	0	10	10	0
Iranian	2,415	2,225	10	55	130	35
Iraqi	1,575	1,355	0	10	215	10
Israeli	180	170	0	10	0	10
Jordanian	385	380	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kurd	780	725	0	20	35	10
Kuwaiti	45	45	0	0	10	0
Kyrgyz	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,705	1,615	30	50	10	55
Palestinian	1,000	905	0	40	55	20
Pashtun	270	240	0	10	30	0
Saudi Arabian	180	165	0	0	15	0
Syrian	1,680	985	0	20	680	10
Tajik	160	155	0	0	10	0
Tatar	10	15	0	0	0	0
Turk	1,595	1,560	0	15	20	0
Turkmen	50	50	0	0	10	0
Uighur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	50	50	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	30	30	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	585	500	0	15	75	10
South Asian origins	27,585	26,140	85	265	1,095	215
Bangladeshi	675	655	0	0	15	0
Bengali	270	250	0	0	15	0
Bhutanese	135	50	0	35	45	20
East Indian	19,325	18,445	55	165	665	140
Goan	50	50	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	290	240	0	15	35	0
Kashmiri	45	40	0	0	0	0
Nepali	335	230	20	35	50	35
Pakistani	4,305	4,160	0	20	130	15
Punjabi	1,625	1,445	0	30	145	15
Sinhalese	245	240	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	870	845	0	0	25	0
Tamil	315	310	0	0	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	1,360	1,265	10	15	75	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	34,050	31,290	70	265	2,425	205
Burmese	600	510	0	0	95	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	480	440	10	0	30	10
Chinese	18,695	17,045	25	165	1,460	110
Filipino	4,140	4,130	0	0	15	0
Hmong	550	535	0	0	10	0
Indonesian	420	410	0	0	10	0
Japanese	1,030	985	0	0	40	0
Karen	85	65	0	0	25	0
Korean	2,575	2,380	0	25	165	15
Laotian	1,680	1,585	20	10	65	25
Malaysian	145	145	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	85	80	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	30	30	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	320	300	0	0	20	0
Thai	395	380	10	0	10	0
Tibetan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5,555	4,845	25	70	620	55
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	190	180	0	0	10	0
Other Asian origins	440	410	10	0	25	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	440	410	10	0	25	0
Oceania origins	740	730	10	0	0	10
Australian	485	475	10	0	0	10
New Zealander	150	150	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	105	100	0	0	0	0
Fijian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	0	0	0
Samoan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	432,125	418,140	5,230	1,840	6,910	6,150
No certificate, diploma or degree	80,850	75,270	930	340	4,310	1,095
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	124,520	121,540	1,275	355	1,345	1,455
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	226,755	221,330	3,025	1,145	1,250	3,600
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,410	26,735	350	90	230	400
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	12,490	12,120	170	45	155	195
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	14,920	14,620	180	50	70	205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	91,075	89,320	1,270	145	345	1,345
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,225	6,935	150	65	80	180
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	101,045	98,345	1,250	850	595	1,680
Bachelor's degree	67,085	65,595	675	380	435	865
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,060	5,825	95	90	55	140
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,270	2,165	25	30	50	35
Master's degree	20,640	20,075	290	220	45	400
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	4,990	4,680	170	130	10	230
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	432,125	418,145	5,230	1,840	6,910	6,150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	205,370	196,810	2,205	695	5,660	2,550
Education	11,700	11,320	205	55	120	230
13. Education	11,700	11,325	205	55	115	230
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,905	7,685	120	45	60	140
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,425	1,395	30	10	0	30
50. Visual and performing arts	6,485	6,295	90	40	60	110
Humanities	14,875	14,390	235	175	80	320
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,200	1,065	60	55	15	90
23. English language and literature/letters	3,935	3,865	30	40	0	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,150	3,080	30	10	30	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	120	120	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,220	1,205	10	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,025	1,985	15	15	10	25
54. History	2,460	2,410	30	10	15	30
55. French language and literature/letters	765	650	65	40	10	85
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,640	27,075	355	135	80	415
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	310	295	10	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,970	2,920	45	0	10	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,215	5,130	35	20	20	50
22. Legal professions and studies	3,350	3,260	40	40	15	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	620	600	15	0	0	15
42. Psychology	5,010	4,925	80	0	0	85
45. Social sciences	10,160	9,945	120	50	40	145
Business, management and public administration	43,455	42,525	605	150	175	680
30.16 Accounting and computer science	90	90	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,060	4,005	40	10	0	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	39,305	38,430	565	140	170	635
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,415	9,105	105	120	85	165
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,755	3,665	30	45	10	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,095	2,055	25	10	10	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	90	90	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	3,100	2,925	50	60	65	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	375	365	0	0	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,810	12,490	180	85	55	220
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,685	8,475	130	65	20	160
25. Library science	535	520	10	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,180	3,100	35	20	30	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	405	400	10	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	50,425	49,175	645	250	355	770
04. Architecture and related services	1,620	1,580	30	10	10	35
14. Engineering	13,260	12,775	135	180	170	225
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,840	10,610	165	15	55	170
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	7,990	7,885	80	10	25	80
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,025	8,830	110	25	60	120
48. Precision production	7,690	7,490	135	20	40	145
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,180	4,110	50	10	20	50
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,400	2,340	35	10	20	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,785	1,770	15	0	0	15
Health and related fields	30,515	29,945	335	100	140	385
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,545	3,515	25	15	0	25
51. Health professions and related programs	26,345	25,825	315	80	130	350
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	625	610	0	10	15	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,450	13,130	195	35	80	215
12. Personal and culinary services	7,335	7,140	105	20	70	115
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	15	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,135	4,065	65	0	0	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,875	1,830	30	10	0	40
Other	380	380	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	375	375	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	432,125	418,140	5,235	1,840	6,910	6,155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	205,370	196,810	2,210	695	5,660	2,555
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	226,755	221,335	3,025	1,150	1,250	3,600
Location of study inside Canada	188,620	185,415	2,660	500	45	2,910
Same as province or territory of residence	177,765	175,330	1,990	405	35	2,195
Different than province or territory of residence	10,855	10,080	670	95	10	720
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	38,130	35,920	365	645	1,210	685
United States^{Footnote 130}	5,455	5,365	65	20	0	80
Philippines	1,300	1,300	0	0	0	0
India	4,525	4,450	0	10	70	10
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	3,920	3,890	10	20	0	20
China^{Footnote 132}	2,895	2,415	10	0	465	15
France	215	70	135	10	0	140
Other	19,815	18,425	145	575	670	435
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	432,125	418,145	5,235	1,840	6,910	not applicable ...
In the labour force	296,480	290,405	3,390	1,235	1,450	not applicable ...
Employed	277,785	272,135	3,225	1,130	1,295	not applicable ...
Unemployed	18,695	18,270	165	105	150	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	135,645	127,735	1,845	600	5,460	not applicable ...
Participation rate	68.6	69.5	64.8	67.1	21.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	64.3	65.1	61.6	61.4	18.7	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.3	4.9	8.5	10.3	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	432,125	418,140	5,235	1,835	6,910	6,155
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	126,080	118,380	1,720	625	5,355	2,035
Worked	306,045	299,760	3,510	1,215	1,560	4,120
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	168,820	165,720	1,965	545	595	2,230
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	137,230	134,045	1,550	670	960	1,885
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	43.6	43.3	39.5	39.7	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	315,305	308,750	3,590	1,290	1,670	4,240
a.Management	32,645	32,030	425	90	95	465
00 Senior management occupations	3,755	3,665	75	10	10	75
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	10,995	10,755	195	40	10	210
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	10,825	10,655	90	30	50	105
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	7,065	6,960	65	15	25	70
b.Professional	57,515	56,320	720	425	45	935
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	9,835	9,715	90	30	0	110
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	16,960	16,630	180	130	25	245
30 Professional occupations in nursing	3,880	3,835	20	15	0	30
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	3,340	3,295	20	30	0	30
40 Professional occupations in education services	14,070	13,605	305	160	0	385
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	6,400	6,290	55	40	15	75
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	3,030	2,950	50	15	10	55
c.Technical and paraprofessional	28,845	28,270	410	105	55	465
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	9,905	9,680	155	50	20	175
32 Technical occupations in health	4,880	4,780	80	0	15	85
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	6,160	6,060	65	25	10	75
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,975	1,955	20	0	0	25
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,930	5,795	95	25	15	105
d.Administration and administrative support	37,095	36,485	465	105	35	520
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	14,210	14,035	150	20	15	155
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	3,975	3,895	65	10	0	80
14 Office support occupations	12,670	12,405	195	60	10	230
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	6,230	6,150	55	15	15	65
e.Sales	31,050	30,570	340	100	40	390
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	7,520	7,360	115	35	0	135
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	13,870	13,660	150	45	10	180
66 Sales support occupations	9,665	9,550	70	20	20	80
f.Personal and customer information services	51,875	50,540	565	240	535	685
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,800	4,760	20	10	10	25
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	6,080	5,905	85	25	70	95
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	8,555	8,335	80	30	110	95
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	14,030	13,670	205	85	70	245
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	18,405	17,870	170	90	275	215
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	23,250	22,850	210	80	110	255
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	15,545	15,240	160	55	100	185
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	7,705	7,610	50	25	10	70
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	20,820	20,430	190	60	140	225
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	6,115	6,045	50	0	25	50
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	10,790	10,575	105	55	50	135
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	3,910	3,810	40	0	65	35
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,395	5,295	35	0	65	40
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	755	740	15	0	0	15
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	2,190	2,130	15	0	45	20
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,455	2,425	10	0	20	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	26,825	25,965	225	85	550	265
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,875	2,845	10	10	10	15
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,745	6,475	85	35	145	105
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	10,250	9,925	105	35	190	120
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	6,955	6,715	30	10	205	35
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	315,305	308,750	3,595	1,290	1,675	4,240
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,620	4,510	25	10	85	25
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	4,305	4,200	25	0	75	30
113 Forestry and logging	45	45	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	35	25	0	0	10	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	235	240	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	435	420	15	0	0	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	35	35	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	225	210	15	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	175	175	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,135	1,115	15	0	0	20
221 Utilities	1,140	1,120	15	0	0	20
23 Construction	20,720	20,335	185	50	150	205
236 Construction of buildings	5,580	5,490	55	10	25	60
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	2,220	2,165	20	0	35	20
238 Specialty trade contractors	12,915	12,680	110	35	90	125
31-33 Manufacturing	49,645	48,345	550	190	560	645
311 Food manufacturing	6,095	5,850	55	30	165	65
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	705	695	10	0	0	15
313 Textile mills	355	340	0	0	10	10
314 Textile product mills	350	340	10	10	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	435	415	0	0	20	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	600	580	10	0	10	10
321 Wood product manufacturing	880	860	0	0	10	0
322 Paper manufacturing	715	700	10	10	0	15
323 Printing and related support activities	710	695	20	0	0	15
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	150	140	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,420	1,395	25	0	0	25
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	3,375	3,295	30	10	35	35
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	995	975	10	0	10	15
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,005	970	15	10	15	15
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	6,380	6,235	100	20	25	110
333 Machinery manufacturing	5,030	4,895	55	30	45	70
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,935	1,885	15	20	20	20
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	1,610	1,565	15	15	15	25
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	13,490	13,205	130	25	135	140
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,625	1,580	10	15	20	15
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,780	1,735	20	0	30	25
41 Wholesale trade	12,790	12,465	220	50	60	245
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	270	245	0	0	25	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	115	115	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,915	1,885	25	10	0	25
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,410	1,365	25	15	10	35
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,250	1,210	25	0	15	25
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,905	2,850	40	10	10	40
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,095	3,010	80	10	0	85
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,430	1,410	20	0	0	20
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	390	375	15	0	0	15
44-45 Retail trade	34,675	34,195	310	90	75	350
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	4,055	3,995	35	10	15	40
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,335	1,295	30	10	0	35
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,235	1,220	15	10	0	15
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,145	3,110	25	0	0	30
445 Food and beverage stores	8,235	8,155	45	10	25	55
446 Health and personal care stores	2,640	2,610	15	15	10	20
447 Gasoline stations	665	650	0	0	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	3,845	3,800	30	20	0	40
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,650	1,620	20	10	0	20
452 General merchandise stores	4,310	4,230	60	10	10	70
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,440	2,405	15	0	10	15
454 Non-store retailers	1,110	1,100	10	0	10	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,955	12,705	150	75	25	185
481 Air transportation	495	460	35	0	0	35
482 Rail transportation	135	130	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	5,230	5,140	40	35	20	60
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,275	2,225	25	25	0	35
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	40	40	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,290	1,250	35	10	0	40
491 Postal service	935	930	0	10	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	1,195	1,190	10	0	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	1,355	1,340	15	10	0	15
51 Information and cultural industries	8,835	8,685	105	40	0	130
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	4,165	4,090	60	15	0	65
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	675	655	0	10	0	15
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	410	405	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	2,020	1,975	35	10	0	40
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	315	315	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	1,255	1,245	10	10	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	18,855	18,420	335	100	0	385
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	4,560	4,450	80	25	0	95
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,800	1,800	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	12,435	12,110	250	75	0	285
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	55	60	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,165	5,075	70	10	15	75
531 Real estate	4,270	4,200	45	10	15	50
532 Rental and leasing services	890	865	25	0	0	25
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	23,825	23,315	330	150	30	400
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	23,825	23,315	330	145	35	405
55 Management of companies and enterprises	525	515	0	10	0	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	525	515	0	0	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	13,595	13,315	120	35	125	140
561 Administrative and support services	12,670	12,410	110	30	120	125
562 Waste management and remediation services	930	905	15	10	10	15
61 Educational services	27,315	26,600	510	195	15	605
611 Educational services	27,315	26,600	510	190	15	605
62 Health care and social assistance	29,910	29,510	215	100	85	265
621 Ambulatory health care services	9,555	9,420	95	35	10	110
622 Hospitals	6,460	6,385	45	25	0	60
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	7,310	7,230	55	15	15	60
624 Social assistance	6,590	6,480	25	25	60	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,605	5,505	55	30	20	65
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,615	1,580	20	10	15	25
712 Heritage institutions	415	390	10	10	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,565	3,530	25	15	0	30
72 Accommodation and food services	21,420	20,870	150	115	280	205
721 Accommodation services	1,470	1,430	15	10	20	20
722 Food services and drinking places	19,950	19,445	130	105	265	185
81 Other services (except public administration)	12,130	11,850	110	40	135	125
811 Repair and maintenance	4,305	4,245	25	0	35	30
812 Personal and laundry services	3,700	3,605	35	15	50	40
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,275	3,215	40	10	10	45
814 Private households	850	790	0	10	45	10
91 Public administration	11,150	10,985	130	25	10	140
911 Federal government public administration	2,465	2,395	50	15	0	60
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,455	1,435	10	10	0	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	7,190	7,120	65	10	0	65
914 Aboriginal public administration	15	15	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	25	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	277,785	272,135	3,220	1,130	1,300	3,785
Worked at home	18,850	18,490	225	70	70	260
Worked outside Canada	1,115	1,060	10	30	15	20
No fixed workplace address	26,545	25,955	310	85	195	355
Worked at usual place	231,275	226,630	2,675	945	1,020	3,155
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	315,305	308,750	3,595	1,290	1,675	4,240
English	308,525	303,565	3,055	1,135	775	3,625
French	900	480	375	40	0	395
Non-official language	3,685	2,920	0	30	740	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,685	2,915	0	25	740	15
English and French	600	380	155	55	0	180
English and non-official language	1,565	1,385	10	20	155	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	35	20	0	15	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	315,305	308,750	3,590	1,290	1,675	4,240
None	303,560	298,600	2,565	1,055	1,335	3,095
English	2,255	1,845	240	45	125	265
French	3,180	2,320	765	95	0	815
Non-official language	6,120	5,830	10	75	210	50
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,110	5,825	10	75	205	45
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	30	20	10	10	0	10
French and non-official language	165	135	0	20	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	231,275	226,625	2,680	945	1,020	3,155
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	109,500	107,420	1,240	410	430	1,440
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	82,835	81,210	920	370	335	1,105
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	38,345	37,430	500	160	255	580
Commute to a different province or territory	595	570	20	10	0	25
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	257,820	252,585	2,990	1,035	1,210	3,510
Car, truck, van - as a driver	208,785	204,865	2,450	725	745	2,815
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	17,325	16,785	150	105	285	205
Public transit	15,295	14,865	195	125	105	260
Walked	11,395	11,175	115	55	50	140
Bicycle	2,905	2,835	50	10	10	50
Other method	2,110	2,055	30	10	15	40
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	257,820	252,580	2,995	1,035	1,210	3,505
Less than 15 minutes	77,100	75,735	800	225	335	910
15 to 29 minutes	109,720	107,620	1,235	455	405	1,465
30 to 44 minutes	40,515	39,550	495	170	300	585
45 to 59 minutes	13,300	12,975	195	75	55	230
60 minutes and over	17,190	16,700	265	105	120	315
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	257,820	252,585	2,990	1,035	1,215	3,510
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	19,110	18,755	205	55	100	230
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45,480	44,555	495	115	315	555
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	62,175	60,965	825	240	145	945
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	57,185	56,175	690	255	60	820
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	28,185	27,445	295	165	280	375
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	45,685	44,695	475	205	315	575
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	521,405	504,355	5,785	2,640	8,625	7,100
Non-movers	449,035	435,505	4,935	2,140	6,455	6,005
Movers	72,370	68,850	845	500	2,170	1,100
Non-migrants	40,500	39,325	430	240	500	555
Migrants	31,870	29,520	420	260	1,670	550
Internal migrants	25,505	24,620	375	185	325	470
Intraprovincial migrants	22,880	22,240	280	120	250	335
Interprovincial migrants	2,620	2,380	100	65	75	130
External migrants	6,365	4,900	40	70	1,350	80
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	496,995	481,410	5,640	2,580	7,365	6,930
Non-movers	303,825	295,530	3,255	1,290	3,755	3,895
Movers	193,170	185,875	2,390	1,290	3,610	3,035
Non-migrants	104,680	102,205	1,045	495	945	1,290
Migrants	88,485	83,670	1,345	800	2,670	1,750
Internal migrants	68,790	66,615	1,165	475	530	1,400
Intraprovincial migrants	63,105	61,425	925	300	455	1,080
Interprovincial migrants	5,680	5,190	240	175	80	325
External migrants	19,700	17,050	185	325	2,135	350

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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