Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Middlesex
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	448,540	434,885	5,320	2,100	6,235	6,365
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	448,535	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
0 to 14 years	74,665	71,835	630	705	1,495	980
0 to 4 years	24,210	22,995	100	130	985	165
5 to 9 years	25,715	24,890	270	240	320	390
10 to 14 years	24,735	23,945	265	335	200	430
15 to 64 years	301,985	294,745	3,460	1,265	2,515	4,095
15 to 19 years	27,080	26,460	230	285	105	370
20 to 24 years	34,245	33,710	220	165	145	300
25 to 29 years	31,635	31,080	245	120	195	300
30 to 34 years	29,675	29,085	265	100	225	315
35 to 39 years	27,620	26,880	390	130	210	460
40 to 44 years	27,420	26,710	390	90	220	440
45 to 49 years	29,330	28,530	420	120	260	480
50 to 54 years	34,260	33,385	420	110	345	475
55 to 59 years	32,685	31,695	495	75	415	535
60 to 64 years	28,050	27,205	385	65	385	420
65 years and over	71,885	68,305	1,225	135	2,225	1,290
65 to 69 years	24,690	23,680	395	55	555	420
70 to 74 years	17,660	16,855	345	15	445	350
75 to 79 years	12,845	12,090	245	25	485	255
80 to 84 years	9,040	8,490	140	20	385	155
85 years and over	7,655	7,190	100	15	345	110
85 to 89 years	5,295	5,015	75	10	200	75
90 to 94 years	2,030	1,875	25	10	115	30
95 to 99 years	280	255	0	0	25	0
100 years and over	50	40	0	0	10	0
Average age	40.2	40.1	46.4	28.8	46.7	not applicable ...
Median age	39.9	39.7	48.2	22.0	53.7	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	373,870	363,050	4,685	1,395	4,735	5,390
Married or living common law	209,260	202,655	2,950	700	2,955	3,305
Married	174,630	168,710	2,400	635	2,890	2,715
Living common law	34,630	33,945	555	70	60	590
Not married and not living common law	164,610	160,395	1,735	695	1,785	2,085
Never married	109,740	107,900	860	585	400	1,150
Separated	12,430	12,070	185	35	135	200
Divorced	23,685	22,985	405	55	235	435
Widowed	18,760	17,440	285	20	1,010	295
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	373,875	363,050	4,690	1,400	4,740	5,385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	358,445	348,355	4,530	1,225	4,335	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,431	44,760	47,541	33,659	17,797	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,502	33,901	38,169	21,571	15,536	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	358,525	348,430	4,535	1,225	4,330	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,228	37,476	39,751	29,199	16,938	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,550	30,874	34,586	21,028	15,505	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	318,570	311,470	3,995	1,020	2,075	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,677	43,856	45,923	34,450	17,115	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,229	32,442	35,538	19,199	10,226	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	265,190	256,795	3,470	925	3,995	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,587	7,526	9,223	6,378	10,402	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,043	4,906	8,493	1,970	11,626	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	261,945	256,855	3,130	820	1,135	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,549	42,622	45,239	37,270	22,545	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,655	32,777	35,729	21,621	18,341	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	87.4	87.6	85.1	85.2	46.2	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	70.0	70.2	65.9	74.1	33.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	12.6	12.4	14.9	14.3	54.0	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	373,875	363,050	4,690	1,395	4,740	5,385
Without total income	15,425	14,690	155	180	405	245
With total income	358,445	348,360	4,530	1,220	4,335	5,140
Percentage with total income	95.9	96.0	96.6	87.5	91.5	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	52,030	49,970	465	355	1,235	645
$10,000 to $19,999	62,540	59,855	705	225	1,755	820
$20,000 to $29,999	49,750	48,160	650	195	745	750
$30,000 to $39,999	41,705	40,825	540	80	265	580
$40,000 to $49,999	38,470	37,600	620	85	165	665
$50,000 to $59,999	28,905	28,360	390	100	60	440
$60,000 to $69,999	21,840	21,505	250	30	50	270
$70,000 to $79,999	15,590	15,315	215	45	20	240
$80,000 to $89,999	11,810	11,660	130	20	0	140
$90,000 to $99,999	11,090	10,845	205	15	20	215
$100,000 and over	24,710	24,260	355	75	20	390
$100,000 to $149,999	16,900	16,595	235	50	20	265
$150,000 and over	7,810	7,665	115	25	0	130
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	373,870	363,050	4,690	1,395	4,740	5,385
Without after-tax income	15,350	14,620	150	175	405	240
With after-tax income	358,520	348,435	4,530	1,220	4,335	5,150
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	96.0	96.6	87.5	91.5	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	53,650	51,545	505	355	1,245	685
$10,000 to $19,999	64,950	62,215	735	230	1,770	850
$20,000 to $29,999	57,980	56,210	780	205	790	880
$30,000 to $39,999	50,300	49,185	690	115	310	750
$40,000 to $49,999	43,035	42,220	595	120	95	660
$50,000 to $59,999	28,545	28,060	365	50	70	390
$60,000 to $69,999	19,750	19,430	255	50	25	275
$70,000 to $79,999	15,260	14,940	270	25	25	285
$80,000 and over	25,040	24,620	340	75	10	375
$80,000 to $89,999	8,395	8,220	140	30	0	155
$90,000 to $99,999	5,085	5,015	50	15	0	55
$100,000 and over	11,565	11,385	145	35	0	165
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	373,875	363,050	4,685	1,400	4,740	5,385
Without employment income	111,925	106,190	1,550	580	3,610	1,840
With employment income	261,945	256,860	3,135	820	1,135	3,545
Percentage with employment income	70.1	70.8	66.9	58.6	23.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	38,210	37,370	470	150	225	545
$5,000 to $9,999	21,680	21,225	220	105	130	270
$10,000 to $19,999	35,245	34,520	335	130	260	400
$20,000 to $29,999	28,500	27,920	325	85	165	375
$30,000 to $39,999	26,985	26,445	330	70	140	365
$40,000 to $49,999	26,625	26,075	370	55	125	395
$50,000 to $59,999	20,500	20,155	240	65	40	275
$60,000 to $69,999	15,590	15,395	145	40	15	160
$70,000 to $79,999	11,505	11,295	175	25	15	185
$80,000 and over	37,100	36,460	525	100	20	575
$80,000 to $89,999	9,280	9,140	115	25	0	125
$90,000 to $99,999	9,520	9,335	165	10	10	170
$100,000 and over	18,310	17,985	250	70	10	285
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	373,870	363,050	4,685	1,400	4,735	5,385
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	125,715	123,670	1,480	285	285	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	51,786	51,804	55,448	56,075	34,566	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	61,334	61,333	64,960	69,739	34,496	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	448,540	434,885	5,320	2,105	6,235	6,365
English only	411,180	411,185	0	0	0	0
French only	305	0	305	0	0	305
English and French	30,670	23,565	5,005	2,100	0	6,055
Neither English nor French	6,380	140	0	0	6,235	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	448,540	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
English	389,935	386,800	3,140	0	0	3,140
French	1,730	55	1,675	0	0	1,675
Non-official language	39,690	31,655	150	1,650	6,235	975
Aboriginal	20	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	39,670	31,630	155	1,650	6,235	975
English and French	745	340	200	200	0	300
English and non-official language	15,830	15,815	15	0	0	15
French and non-official language	95	0	95	0	0	95
English, French and non-official language	510	220	40	250	0	165
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	448,535	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
None	398,150	388,680	2,775	1,020	5,680	3,280
English	17,495	15,450	890	800	350	1,290
French	4,760	3,390	1,315	45	10	1,340
Non-official language	27,105	26,620	240	55	200	265
Aboriginal	175	170	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	26,935	26,445	240	55	200	265
English and French	200	15	10	170	0	100
English and non-official language	355	305	40	0	10	45
French and non-official language	460	415	45	0	0	40
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	448,535	434,880	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
English	351,840	351,830	0	0	0	10
French	5,180	420	4,760	0	0	4,760
Non-official language	83,720	75,420	240	1,820	6,235	1,155
Aboriginal	85	80	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	83,635	75,345	240	1,815	6,235	1,150
English and French	1,080	845	55	180	0	140
English and non-official language	6,170	6,175	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	280	50	235	0	0	230
English, French and non-official language	265	145	15	110	0	65
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	448,535	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,370
Official languages	442,155	434,740	5,310	2,100	0	6,360
English	441,845	434,745	5,005	2,100	0	6,055
French	30,975	23,565	5,310	2,100	0	6,360
Non-official languages	104,660	95,400	1,080	1,945	6,235	2,055
Aboriginal languages	320	315	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	104,345	95,095	1,070	1,945	6,235	2,045
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	448,535	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	11,145	10,820	310	10	10	310
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	10,760	10,450	305	10	10	305
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	8,025	7,945	75	0	0	80
Métis	2,650	2,420	220	0	0	220
Inuk (Inuit)	90	85	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	90	85	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	290	290	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	437,395	424,060	5,010	2,100	6,225	6,055
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	448,535	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	5,405	5,345	60	0	0	60
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	443,130	429,540	5,260	2,105	6,235	6,310
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	448,535	434,885	5,315	2,105	6,235	6,365
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	3,025	2,980	45	0	0	45
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	3,015	2,970	45	0	0	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	2,705	2,690	15	0	0	20
Métis single ancestry	275	250	30	0	0	30
Inuit single ancestry	35	35	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	13,300	12,800	480	15	10	490
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	13,120	12,620	475	10	10	480
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10,140	9,875	255	10	0	260
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,840	2,610	215	10	10	220
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	140	135	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	185	170	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	155	145	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	25	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	432,210	419,105	4,785	2,085	6,225	5,830
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	448,535	434,885	5,315	2,105	6,235	6,365
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	420,995	411,155	4,860	1,635	3,350	5,675
Canadian citizens only	402,260	393,605	4,610	1,200	2,850	5,210
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	18,730	17,550	250	440	495	465
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	27,540	23,730	455	470	2,885	685
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	448,535	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	349,595	343,915	4,200	740	735	4,570
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	90,855	83,525	1,030	1,250	5,050	1,655
Before 1981	31,495	30,370	275	95	760	325
1981 to 1990	12,590	11,725	75	135	660	145
1991 to 2000	15,155	14,110	115	225	700	225
2001 to 2010	19,850	18,100	245	495	1,015	490
2001 to 2005	9,340	8,545	115	205	475	215
2006 to 2010	10,510	9,555	130	290	540	275
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	11,760	9,230	320	300	1,910	470
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	8,090	7,445	85	110	450	135
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	90,855	83,525	1,030	1,250	5,050	1,655
Under 5 years	11,355	10,740	110	185	315	205
5 to 14 years	19,230	18,345	210	305	375	365
15 to 24 years	19,700	18,800	185	165	555	265
25 to 44 years	34,445	31,485	460	530	1,965	730
45 years and over	6,120	4,155	65	60	1,840	95
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	90,855	83,525	1,030	1,250	5,050	1,650
Americas	15,155	14,185	155	365	455	335
Brazil	325	300	0	15	0	15
Colombia	3,375	2,930	25	160	255	110
El Salvador	1,630	1,490	0	35	100	25
Guyana	500	495	0	0	0	0
Haiti	110	35	70	0	10	70
Jamaica	1,160	1,160	0	0	0	0
Mexico	615	570	0	45	0	25
Peru	145	130	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	630	630	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 47}	4,060	3,980	40	45	0	65
Other places of birth in Americas	2,615	2,465	10	65	80	40
Europe	38,930	37,005	315	300	1,310	460
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,150	1,070	0	10	70	0
Croatia	885	860	0	0	20	0
France	285	100	175	0	0	180
Germany	2,345	2,280	15	45	10	40
Greece	1,160	1,075	0	10	70	0
Hungary	920	875	10	10	30	10
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	620	615	0	0	0	0
Italy	2,265	2,165	10	10	80	15
Netherlands	3,325	3,310	0	15	0	10
Poland	4,485	4,255	0	15	205	0
Portugal	4,525	3,850	20	35	625	35
Romania	965	890	15	40	25	35
Russian Federation	530	485	0	25	20	15
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	545	520	0	20	0	10
Ukraine	650	605	0	0	40	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	10,355	10,350	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,930	3,690	70	70	105	105
Africa	5,320	4,700	440	120	70	495
Algeria	90	15	50	15	0	60
Egypt	1,075	1,015	15	35	10	40
Ethiopia	310	315	0	0	0	0
Kenya	280	275	0	0	0	0
Morocco	30	25	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	310	310	0	0	0	0
Somalia	230	200	0	0	20	10
South Africa, Republic of	475	480	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,515	2,065	365	50	35	390
Asia	31,085	27,295	125	455	3,210	350
Afghanistan	610	520	0	10	75	10
Bangladesh	325	315	0	10	0	10
China^{Footnote 51}	3,860	3,270	0	55	540	30
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	690	655	0	0	35	0
India	3,370	3,270	0	15	80	10
Iran^{Footnote 53}	1,145	1,095	0	20	30	10
Iraq	2,735	2,330	15	30	365	25
Japan	195	185	0	0	0	10
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	2,120	1,925	0	25	165	10
Lebanon	1,750	1,460	70	85	130	115
Pakistan	1,550	1,495	0	0	40	0
Philippines	2,290	2,270	0	10	15	0
Sri Lanka	260	260	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 55}	2,130	1,270	10	55	795	40
Taiwan	170	160	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	1,670	1,360	0	25	280	15
Other places of birth in Asia	6,220	5,455	20	100	650	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	365	345	10	15	0	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	11,760	9,230	315	300	1,910	470
Americas	1,930	1,685	60	75	110	100
Brazil	40	40	0	0	0	0
Colombia	600	505	20	20	60	30
Cuba	65	50	0	10	10	0
Haiti	50	15	35	0	10	30
Jamaica	125	120	0	0	0	0
Mexico	95	75	0	25	0	15
United States^{Footnote 58}	500	480	15	0	0	20
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	80	70	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	375	335	0	10	35	10
Europe	945	770	40	50	85	60
France	30	0	25	0	0	25
Germany	45	35	0	10	0	10
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	40	25	0	15	10	0
Russian Federation	85	70	0	10	10	10
Ukraine	90	70	0	0	20	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	275	275	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	350	275	0	20	45	15
Africa	1,075	810	185	45	30	210
Algeria	15	0	10	10	0	10
Cameroon	65	20	45	0	0	45
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	20	50	0	0	50
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	15	0	0	15
Egypt	300	275	0	15	0	10
Eritrea	70	70	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	75	70	0	0	0	0
Somalia	40	25	0	0	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	45	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	10	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	355	265	65	10	10	75
Asia	7,760	5,915	35	135	1,680	100
Afghanistan	125	110	0	0	10	10
Bangladesh	100	100	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 63}	940	720	0	20	205	10
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
India	1,000	990	0	0	10	0
Iran^{Footnote 65}	260	240	0	10	10	0
Iraq	915	705	10	0	205	0
Israel	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japan	45	45	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	395	385	0	0	0	10
Lebanon	195	125	15	20	40	20
Nepal	250	130	0	15	100	15
Pakistan	265	265	0	0	0	0
Philippines	540	530	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	170	160	0	15	0	0
Sri Lanka	50	50	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 67}	1,235	460	15	15	750	20
Taiwan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	75	55	0	0	20	0
United Arab Emirates	170	165	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	70	55	0	0	15	0
Other places of birth in Asia	915	585	0	25	300	15
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	40	45	0	0	0	0
Australia	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	448,540	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
First generation^{Footnote 71}	101,350	93,315	1,155	1,375	5,505	1,845
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	93,565	91,780	560	590	630	855
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	253,625	249,790	3,600	135	100	3,670
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	60,290	54,045	750	1,160	4,330	1,335
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	25,130	23,550	320	605	650	625
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	8,675	8,080	145	225	230	255
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	16,455	15,470	180	385	425	375
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	14,790	13,225	125	150	1,280	205
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	19,835	16,790	305	380	2,360	495
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	535	480	0	15	40	10
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	448,535	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	76,460	69,865	915	1,190	4,495	1,510
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	11,805	11,035	30	125	615	95
Chinese	10,615	9,730	25	85	775	65
Black	11,595	10,855	650	40	45	670
Filipino	3,585	3,545	0	20	15	10
Latin American	9,195	8,150	35	480	530	280
Arab	13,690	11,790	135	280	1,485	275
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	4,585	4,130	30	35	390	45
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	3,265	2,990	10	35	225	25
Korean	3,330	3,025	0	55	245	30
Japanese	650	620	10	0	20	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	1,775	1,695	0	0	70	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	2,375	2,290	0	15	70	10
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	372,070	365,020	4,405	910	1,740	4,860
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	448,540	434,885	5,315	2,100	6,235	6,365
North American Aboriginal origins	16,330	15,780	530	15	10	530
First Nations (North American Indian)	13,035	12,745	280	0	0	280
Inuit	200	195	0	0	0	10
Métis	3,290	3,025	250	0	10	255
Other North American origins	124,105	121,625	2,280	105	100	2,330
Acadian	490	395	85	10	0	85
American	5,690	5,635	40	0	25	40
Canadian	120,090	117,715	2,195	105	75	2,250
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	290	290	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Québécois	85	45	35	0	0	35
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	323,475	317,485	3,475	840	1,675	3,895
British Isles origins	220,590	219,615	795	125	55	855
Channel Islander	10	15	0	0	0	0
Cornish	25	25	0	0	0	0
English	132,250	131,820	305	85	45	350
Irish	91,010	90,525	455	15	20	460
Manx	110	115	0	0	0	0
Scottish	98,395	98,130	205	40	15	225
Welsh	8,990	8,960	25	0	0	25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	15,280	15,245	25	0	0	25
French origins	42,585	39,465	2,915	170	35	3,000
Alsatian	60	55	10	0	0	15
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	42,535	39,415	2,920	170	35	3,000
Western European origins (except French origins)	90,470	89,805	415	145	110	490
Austrian	2,210	2,165	15	25	0	25
Bavarian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Belgian	4,800	4,660	120	10	10	125
Dutch	34,945	34,830	55	40	20	75
Flemish	375	375	0	0	0	0
Frisian	150	155	0	0	0	0
German	53,620	53,205	230	95	100	275
Luxembourger	15	10	10	0	0	10
Swiss	1,885	1,830	30	10	25	30
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	35	35	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	9,325	9,260	40	20	10	45
Danish	2,605	2,585	10	0	10	15
Finnish	1,605	1,590	10	0	0	15
Icelandic	355	350	10	0	0	10
Norwegian	2,205	2,195	0	10	0	10
Swedish	2,390	2,375	10	10	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	740	740	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	45,285	44,390	160	305	435	310
Bulgarian	315	285	15	10	0	20
Byelorussian	530	475	0	30	15	15
Czech	1,735	1,705	0	10	15	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	560	560	0	0	0	0
Estonian	280	275	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	7,405	7,335	20	20	35	30
Latvian	465	460	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	1,145	1,130	15	0	10	15
Moldovan	20	20	0	0	10	0
Polish	18,675	18,305	50	95	225	100
Romanian	2,710	2,605	15	65	25	50
Russian	5,290	5,130	10	60	90	40
Slovak	1,635	1,620	10	15	0	10
Ukrainian	11,310	11,165	35	30	80	50
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	125	130	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	52,650	50,835	320	360	1,130	500
Albanian	1,230	1,140	0	10	75	10
Bosnian	1,140	1,100	10	10	30	10
Catalan	15	10	10	0	0	10
Croatian	2,680	2,640	0	10	30	0
Cypriot	130	130	0	0	0	0
Greek	5,120	4,975	25	25	90	40
Italian	21,275	20,905	160	90	115	205
Kosovar	190	185	0	0	15	0
Macedonian	460	450	0	0	10	0
Maltese	1,660	1,655	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	75	70	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	13,055	12,295	70	60	630	100
Serbian	1,895	1,800	10	55	35	40
Sicilian	130	125	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,045	1,030	0	10	0	0
Spanish	5,135	4,820	55	140	115	125
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	1,065	1,055	0	0	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	45	45	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	2,080	2,030	30	0	15	30
Basque	40	35	0	0	0	10
Jewish	1,085	1,060	10	0	10	10
Roma (Gypsy)	55	50	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	80	80	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	830	810	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	7,075	6,890	130	35	25	145
Antiguan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	145	145	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	620	620	0	0	0	10
Bermudan	60	55	0	0	0	0
Carib	20	15	0	0	0	0
Cuban	375	350	0	15	15	10
Dominican	180	175	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	175	175	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	210	110	90	10	0	95
Jamaican	3,730	3,715	0	10	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	35	35	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,015	1,000	15	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	60	55	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	505	500	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	245	225	20	0	0	20
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,655	10,545	70	540	505	340
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	325	295	0	10	10	10
Arawak	15	15	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	185	175	0	10	0	10
Belizean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	355	325	0	20	0	0
Chilean	360	330	10	25	0	15
Colombian	4,245	3,590	40	300	320	185
Costa Rican	60	60	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	75	65	0	10	0	0
Guatemalan	335	300	10	30	10	15
Guyanese	850	845	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	310	295	0	10	0	0
Honduran	205	175	0	10	15	0
Maya	110	100	0	10	0	10
Mexican	1,240	1,140	10	80	15	45
Nicaraguan	525	490	0	10	30	10
Panamanian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	255	240	10	0	10	10
Salvadorean	1,975	1,850	0	35	80	25
Uruguayan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	295	265	0	10	25	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	445	425	0	15	0	0
African origins	10,285	9,435	610	130	115	670
Central and West African origins	1,490	1,220	255	0	0	260
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	50	35	10	0	0	15
Ashanti	25	25	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	100	20	85	0	0	80
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	215	90	125	0	0	125
Edo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	345	345	0	0	0	0
Guinean	15	0	15	0	0	0
Ibo	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	0	20	0	0	20
Liberian	105	85	10	0	10	15
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	20	15	10	0	0	10
Nigerian	450	445	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	105	105	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	75	70	10	0	0	10
North African origins	3,195	2,960	65	100	70	120
Algerian	90	45	35	15	0	40
Berber	30	10	15	10	0	15
Coptic	55	45	0	10	0	0
Dinka	85	80	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,725	1,625	10	55	35	40
Libyan	250	235	10	0	10	10
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	90	75	0	0	15	0
Sudanese	820	800	0	0	20	10
Tunisian	80	50	15	15	0	20
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	70	70	0	10	0	0
Southern and East African origins	3,170	2,975	150	10	30	155
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	30	30	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	50	25	25	0	0	25
Burundian	75	20	55	0	0	55
Djiboutian	55	45	10	0	0	10
Eritrean	570	540	15	0	10	15
Ethiopian	620	625	0	0	0	0
Harari	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	125	125	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	25	20	0	0	0	10
Oromo	25	25	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	105	75	20	0	0	25
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	600	555	25	0	20	20
South African	550	555	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	115	105	0	0	0	10
Zambian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	95	95	0	0	0	0
Zulu	15	20	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	250	245	0	0	0	10
Other African origins	2,580	2,400	160	15	10	170
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	400	390	0	0	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	2,190	2,020	155	20	0	165
Asian origins	57,375	52,440	290	670	3,975	625
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	20,900	18,505	175	340	1,885	345
Afghan	915	805	0	10	105	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	2,680	2,275	35	45	320	60
Armenian	315	285	10	0	20	10
Assyrian	1,095	970	10	10	110	10
Azerbaijani	70	70	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,825	1,755	10	20	45	15
Iraqi	2,510	2,160	0	20	330	15
Israeli	160	160	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	620	585	0	20	15	10
Kazakh	20	25	0	0	0	0
Kurd	995	905	0	45	50	25
Kuwaiti	20	20	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	4,820	4,545	95	85	90	140
Palestinian	2,370	2,280	0	35	55	20
Pashtun	30	30	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	310	280	0	0	30	0
Syrian	2,280	1,475	10	50	740	35
Tajik	40	30	0	10	0	0
Tatar	25	15	0	0	0	0
Turk	1,060	1,000	0	15	50	10
Turkmen	55	55	0	0	0	0
Uighur	55	45	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	40	40	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	80	80	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	980	905	10	20	45	15
South Asian origins	12,250	11,500	30	140	585	95
Bangladeshi	275	265	0	0	0	10
Bengali	220	215	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	515	240	0	55	215	30
East Indian	8,400	8,160	20	55	165	50
Goan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	20	20	0	0	0	0
Nepali	415	225	0	10	170	0
Pakistani	1,800	1,730	0	20	55	10
Punjabi	300	280	0	10	10	10
Sinhalese	95	100	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	350	350	0	0	0	0
Tamil	120	110	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	595	570	0	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	24,705	22,915	85	195	1,510	185
Burmese	200	200	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,505	1,365	0	10	130	10
Chinese	12,295	11,320	50	90	835	95
Filipino	4,115	4,085	0	10	15	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	265	255	0	0	10	0
Japanese	825	790	10	10	25	0
Karen	110	100	0	0	10	0
Korean	3,395	3,090	0	60	250	30
Laotian	260	255	0	10	10	0
Malaysian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	90	65	0	0	20	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	115	110	0	0	10	0
Thai	200	195	0	0	0	10
Tibetan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,855	2,525	25	35	275	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	70	65	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	260	240	0	0	20	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	260	240	0	0	20	0
Oceania origins	735	725	10	0	0	10
Australian	455	455	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	175	180	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	105	95	10	0	0	10
Fijian	25	30	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	40	40	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	30	20	10	0	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	373,870	363,050	4,690	1,400	4,740	5,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	62,750	58,705	720	285	3,040	865
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	104,490	102,180	1,145	305	860	1,295
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	206,635	202,165	2,825	810	835	3,225
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,675	22,190	305	35	145	320
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	11,120	10,815	195	30	75	215
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	11,555	11,375	110	10	75	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	88,200	86,660	1,095	140	310	1,165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,590	6,315	125	45	105	150
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	89,170	87,000	1,295	590	280	1,590
Bachelor's degree	56,760	55,695	705	225	140	820
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,170	5,935	100	65	65	135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,820	3,715	55	30	20	70
Master's degree	17,320	16,795	335	160	35	415
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	5,100	4,865	105	105	25	155
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	373,875	363,050	4,685	1,395	4,735	5,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	167,235	160,890	1,865	590	3,900	2,155
Education	12,015	11,580	285	70	80	320
13. Education	12,015	11,580	285	65	80	320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,990	7,825	90	20	55	105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,485	1,475	10	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	6,510	6,350	85	20	55	100
Humanities	12,865	12,515	210	90	55	255
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	960	880	20	45	15	45
23. English language and literature/letters	3,615	3,590	0	10	15	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,670	2,625	50	0	0	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	110	110	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,090	1,055	25	0	10	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,310	1,280	20	0	10	25
54. History	2,280	2,260	10	10	10	15
55. French language and literature/letters	825	735	75	20	0	85
Social and behavioural sciences and law	28,300	27,755	325	140	85	395
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	285	255	20	0	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,795	1,765	20	10	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,900	5,795	55	25	25	65
22. Legal professions and studies	4,100	4,015	60	10	15	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	505	485	20	10	0	20
42. Psychology	4,630	4,555	45	10	10	55
45. Social sciences	11,080	10,880	95	70	30	135
Business, management and public administration	38,250	37,340	655	125	135	715
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	95	10	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,220	4,170	35	10	15	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	33,930	33,075	610	120	120	675
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,525	8,350	95	50	30	125
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,170	4,075	55	25	15	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,525	1,515	10	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	115	110	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	2,290	2,230	25	20	10	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	425	420	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,490	8,355	75	40	20	100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,170	6,080	55	30	10	70
25. Library science	925	910	10	0	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,290	1,265	15	10	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	100	105	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	36,670	35,870	470	130	205	535
04. Architecture and related services	1,390	1,370	10	10	10	10
14. Engineering	7,500	7,245	110	95	55	155
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,275	8,130	95	15	40	105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	7,310	7,195	65	0	50	65
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,685	7,545	115	0	30	115
48. Precision production	4,505	4,390	80	15	20	90
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,170	4,075	40	35	20	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,155	3,100	10	30	20	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,010	975	30	10	0	30
Health and related fields	37,545	36,935	415	95	105	465
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,305	3,265	25	10	0	30
51. Health professions and related programs	32,870	32,330	360	70	105	390
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,375	1,330	35	10	0	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,765	11,530	160	20	50	170
12. Personal and culinary services	6,610	6,460	100	15	35	105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	60	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,445	3,390	50	0	0	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,625	1,590	10	10	20	10
Other	40	40	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	40	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	373,870	363,050	4,685	1,395	4,735	5,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	167,235	160,885	1,860	590	3,895	2,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	206,635	202,160	2,820	810	840	3,230
Location of study inside Canada	177,540	174,620	2,460	400	55	2,660
Same as province or territory of residence	168,090	165,770	1,920	350	55	2,090
Different than province or territory of residence	9,450	8,850	545	50	10	570
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	29,100	27,545	365	410	780	570
United States^{Footnote 130}	5,140	5,055	50	30	0	65
Philippines	1,115	1,120	0	0	0	0
India	2,235	2,230	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	3,310	3,295	10	0	0	10
China^{Footnote 132}	1,680	1,460	0	15	215	0
France	160	45	105	10	0	115
Other	15,450	14,345	190	355	560	370
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	373,870	363,050	4,685	1,400	4,735	not applicable ...
In the labour force	239,690	235,230	2,815	820	820	not applicable ...
Employed	222,025	217,985	2,585	740	720	not applicable ...
Unemployed	17,660	17,250	230	80	100	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	134,185	127,820	1,875	580	3,915	not applicable ...
Participation rate	64.1	64.8	60.1	58.6	17.3	not applicable ...
Employment rate	59.4	60.0	55.2	52.9	15.2	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.3	8.2	9.8	12.2	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	373,875	363,050	4,685	1,395	4,740	5,385
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	127,170	120,970	1,775	560	3,865	2,060
Worked	246,705	242,080	2,910	835	875	3,330
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	128,570	126,450	1,515	310	300	1,665
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	118,135	115,635	1,395	530	580	1,655
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.2	42.6	39.1	39.3	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	254,610	249,765	2,985	925	935	3,450
a.Management	25,575	25,115	340	50	70	365
00 Senior management occupations	2,285	2,240	45	10	0	45
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	8,160	7,980	140	30	10	155
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	8,925	8,790	90	0	45	90
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,200	6,105	65	10	25	70
b.Professional	49,615	48,465	795	320	35	955
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	7,340	7,190	120	25	0	130
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	8,230	8,050	100	70	10	130
30 Professional occupations in nursing	5,275	5,215	55	10	0	55
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	5,710	5,605	75	25	0	90
40 Professional occupations in education services	13,935	13,455	330	140	10	400
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	6,760	6,640	85	30	10	100
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	2,360	2,300	35	20	10	45
c.Technical and paraprofessional	24,740	24,315	310	90	30	350
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	6,345	6,260	55	30	10	70
32 Technical occupations in health	5,270	5,205	50	10	10	55
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	6,230	6,110	75	35	10	90
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,725	1,680	50	0	0	50
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,170	5,060	80	20	0	90
d.Administration and administrative support	29,865	29,385	370	85	30	410
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	12,145	11,970	145	30	0	160
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,545	2,495	50	0	0	50
14 Office support occupations	10,545	10,350	140	45	10	160
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	4,635	4,570	40	0	15	40
e.Sales	25,945	25,585	220	75	60	260
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	5,855	5,790	45	10	10	50
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	12,170	12,020	90	40	20	110
66 Sales support occupations	7,920	7,775	80	25	35	100
f.Personal and customer information services	46,930	45,820	515	210	390	620
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,825	4,775	25	20	0	35
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	4,680	4,530	90	40	20	110
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	7,695	7,495	55	20	125	70
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	13,235	12,880	235	80	40	275
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	16,495	16,135	110	45	200	130
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	16,845	16,605	155	10	70	165
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	11,160	10,995	95	15	55	100
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	5,690	5,610	65	0	15	65
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	16,535	16,325	125	35	50	140
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	4,345	4,305	30	10	0	35
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	8,900	8,775	85	20	25	95
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	3,290	3,245	10	0	30	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,655	4,545	30	10	75	35
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	640	635	0	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,890	1,825	15	10	45	15
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,130	2,085	10	0	30	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,900	13,610	130	40	125	150
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,515	1,485	20	0	10	25
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,060	2,955	30	15	55	40
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	5,590	5,525	45	15	10	50
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	3,735	3,635	35	10	55	40
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	254,610	249,765	2,985	925	930	3,450
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,000	4,890	25	10	85	30
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	4,700	4,600	25	0	75	25
113 Forestry and logging	30	30	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	30	15	0	0	10	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	245	240	10	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	355	0	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	90	90	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	85	85	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	180	180	10	0	0	10
22 Utilities	1,320	1,305	10	10	0	10
221 Utilities	1,325	1,305	10	0	0	10
23 Construction	16,785	16,525	135	20	100	150
236 Construction of buildings	4,560	4,495	30	0	35	35
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,590	1,535	30	10	25	30
238 Specialty trade contractors	10,630	10,495	80	15	45	85
31-33 Manufacturing	25,555	25,095	225	90	140	270
311 Food manufacturing	3,980	3,860	40	15	60	50
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	615	610	10	0	0	10
313 Textile mills	30	30	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	70	70	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	225	210	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	35	40	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	770	755	10	0	0	10
322 Paper manufacturing	740	710	35	0	0	30
323 Printing and related support activities	650	650	10	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	65	65	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	825	800	25	0	0	20
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	980	975	10	0	0	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	725	710	10	0	0	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,045	1,035	10	0	0	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,575	2,525	10	10	30	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,735	1,695	15	10	15	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	540	530	10	0	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	345	345	0	0	0	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	7,235	7,155	40	25	15	50
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	790	775	10	0	10	15
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,575	1,545	10	15	10	10
41 Wholesale trade	8,235	8,135	75	20	10	80
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	540	525	10	0	0	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	105	100	0	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,175	1,175	0	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	730	730	0	0	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	805	795	10	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,375	1,360	20	0	0	15
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,185	2,160	15	10	10	20
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,025	1,015	10	0	0	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	285	275	10	0	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	29,405	28,960	290	55	105	315
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	3,420	3,405	20	0	0	20
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,260	1,235	20	0	0	20
443 Electronics and appliance stores	920	910	0	0	10	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	2,210	2,165	40	10	0	40
445 Food and beverage stores	6,800	6,660	65	10	60	75
446 Health and personal care stores	3,020	2,990	30	0	10	30
447 Gasoline stations	615	605	0	0	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	3,410	3,375	15	20	0	25
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,300	1,295	0	0	10	10
452 General merchandise stores	3,470	3,410	60	0	0	60
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,075	2,040	25	10	10	30
454 Non-store retailers	895	865	0	0	20	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10,255	10,105	110	20	20	120
481 Air transportation	300	290	0	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	330	315	10	0	10	10
483 Water transportation	40	40	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	3,315	3,265	25	15	0	35
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,665	2,610	55	0	0	60
486 Pipeline transportation	10	15	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	850	845	0	0	10	10
491 Postal service	1,130	1,130	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	900	895	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	695	690	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	4,385	4,310	55	15	10	60
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,065	1,035	10	10	10	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	585	580	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	325	325	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	1,420	1,390	25	0	0	25
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	140	140	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	860	840	10	0	10	15
52 Finance and insurance	13,665	13,345	275	45	10	295
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,890	5,765	100	25	0	110
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,540	1,515	25	0	0	25
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	6,200	6,035	145	20	0	155
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	30	30	10	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,555	4,495	30	15	15	35
531 Real estate	3,870	3,805	30	20	15	35
532 Rental and leasing services	665	660	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	25	25	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	16,335	15,990	235	90	25	275
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	16,335	15,990	230	90	25	275
55 Management of companies and enterprises	175	175	10	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	180	175	10	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	12,875	12,560	175	50	85	200
561 Administrative and support services	12,320	12,010	175	50	80	200
562 Waste management and remediation services	555	550	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	24,665	23,870	550	230	15	665
611 Educational services	24,670	23,870	550	230	15	665
62 Health care and social assistance	35,130	34,665	310	115	40	370
621 Ambulatory health care services	10,730	10,575	95	35	15	115
622 Hospitals	12,400	12,255	110	35	10	125
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	5,600	5,565	30	10	0	35
624 Social assistance	6,400	6,265	80	30	20	95
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,770	5,705	45	15	10	55
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,770	1,750	10	0	10	15
712 Heritage institutions	235	230	0	10	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,770	3,730	35	0	10	35
72 Accommodation and food services	18,980	18,600	135	70	185	165
721 Accommodation services	1,775	1,740	20	10	10	20
722 Food services and drinking places	17,215	16,860	110	60	180	145
81 Other services (except public administration)	11,135	10,880	135	40	80	155
811 Repair and maintenance	3,195	3,150	45	0	0	40
812 Personal and laundry services	3,955	3,855	35	15	55	40
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,180	3,110	50	15	15	55
814 Private households	800	765	10	10	15	15
91 Public administration	10,025	9,825	170	25	0	180
911 Federal government public administration	3,220	3,110	105	10	0	105
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	2,130	2,085	45	0	0	45
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	4,610	4,565	20	20	0	35
914 Aboriginal public administration	35	35	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	25	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	222,030	217,980	2,585	735	720	2,955
Worked at home	15,660	15,335	210	45	70	235
Worked outside Canada	985	960	10	10	10	15
No fixed workplace address	24,090	23,750	175	60	100	205
Worked at usual place	181,290	177,930	2,185	630	545	2,500
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	254,610	249,770	2,985	920	935	3,445
English	249,785	246,350	2,245	735	445	2,610
French	1,285	660	550	80	0	590
Non-official language	1,540	1,075	10	20	440	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,540	1,070	10	20	440	15
English and French	635	390	180	60	0	210
English and non-official language	1,345	1,285	10	10	40	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	10	10	15	0	15
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	254,605	249,770	2,985	925	930	3,450
None	245,580	242,240	1,980	710	655	2,335
English	1,540	1,085	285	55	115	310
French	2,695	1,940	690	65	10	720
Non-official language	4,585	4,340	25	65	155	60
Aboriginal	30	35	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,555	4,305	25	70	155	60
English and French	10	15	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	10	0	0	10	0
French and non-official language	170	140	0	25	0	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	181,290	177,930	2,185	630	545	2,500
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	141,195	138,365	1,815	565	445	2,100
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,980	20,725	180	25	55	195
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,705	18,450	175	30	45	190
Commute to a different province or territory	415	395	10	0	0	15
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	205,380	201,685	2,365	690	640	2,705
Car, truck, van - as a driver	159,270	156,515	1,815	455	475	2,045
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	14,470	14,160	125	90	95	165
Public transit	15,970	15,615	225	85	45	270
Walked	11,510	11,335	140	35	0	150
Bicycle	2,270	2,200	40	20	10	50
Other method	1,890	1,850	25	10	15	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	205,375	201,685	2,360	690	640	2,705
Less than 15 minutes	60,885	59,840	665	225	160	775
15 to 29 minutes	89,385	87,630	1,140	310	310	1,290
30 to 44 minutes	34,830	34,275	355	95	95	405
45 to 59 minutes	9,895	9,755	80	20	40	90
60 minutes and over	10,380	10,185	120	45	35	145
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	205,380	201,685	2,360	690	645	2,710
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10,960	10,810	90	10	45	95
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	33,375	32,890	290	80	110	335
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	54,980	54,005	740	145	80	820
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	46,300	45,330	705	215	50	815
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	23,180	22,700	220	70	180	255
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	36,585	35,945	310	155	170	385
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	443,765	430,450	5,310	2,060	5,940	6,340
Non-movers	378,005	368,075	4,400	1,605	3,925	5,200
Movers	65,755	62,370	915	455	2,015	1,140
Non-migrants	41,810	40,635	500	230	445	610
Migrants	23,950	21,735	415	225	1,575	530
Internal migrants	17,955	17,315	350	145	145	425
Intraprovincial migrants	15,325	14,965	250	35	80	265
Interprovincial migrants	2,630	2,350	105	110	65	160
External migrants	5,995	4,425	65	80	1,430	100
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	424,330	411,885	5,215	1,970	5,255	6,200
Non-movers	252,610	246,295	2,980	960	2,375	3,460
Movers	171,715	165,590	2,235	1,015	2,880	2,740
Non-migrants	105,065	102,815	1,040	440	765	1,260
Migrants	66,650	62,775	1,195	570	2,115	1,480
Internal migrants	48,775	47,460	890	200	225	995
Intraprovincial migrants	42,900	42,050	595	95	165	640
Interprovincial migrants	5,875	5,410	300	105	60	355
External migrants	17,875	15,315	300	370	1,890	485

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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