Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Grey

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	91,730	84,015	820	155
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	91,735	84,020	820	160
0 to 14 years	13,835	12,325	50	45
0 to 4 years	4,570	3,935	15	25
5 to 9 years	4,565	4,040	25	10
10 to 14 years	4,700	4,350	0	10
15 to 64 years	56,860	52,700	560	105
15 to 19 years	5,110	4,870	0	15
20 to 24 years	4,955	4,560	20	0
25 to 29 years	4,475	4,095	45	0
30 to 34 years	4,465	4,090	35	15
35 to 39 years	4,480	4,100	55	10
40 to 44 years	4,600	4,285	60	15
45 to 49 years	5,530	5,135	65	15
50 to 54 years	7,330	6,880	85	20
55 to 59 years	8,050	7,440	100	0
60 to 64 years	7,870	7,235	105	15
65 years and over	21,030	18,990	220	0
65 to 69 years	7,270	6,695	55	0
70 to 74 years	5,415	4,885	90	0
75 to 79 years	3,690	3,270	25	0
80 to 84 years	2,585	2,315	30	0
85 years and over	2,075	1,825	15	0
85 to 89 years	1,525	1,340	15	0
90 to 94 years	470	415	0	0
95 to 99 years	80	70	0	0
100 years and over	10	0	0	0
Average age	44.8	44.8	52.4	32.4
Median age	48.6	48.6	55.2	34.6
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	77,900	71,695	775	115
Married or living common law	49,400	44,980	540	50
Married	41,210	37,225	450	30
Living common law	8,185	7,750	95	15
Not married and not living common law	28,500	26,710	235	60
Never married	16,870	15,995	95	30
Separated	2,215	2,085	25	10
Divorced	4,645	4,290	65	20
Widowed	4,775	4,345	55	10
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	77,895	71,690	775	110
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	75,440	69,475	765	105
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,819	43,119	38,265	38,792
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,280	31,879	27,825	17,876
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	75,470	69,505	770	100
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,033	36,256	33,526	33,157
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,662	29,102	25,760	17,876
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	68,050	62,755	635	90
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,033	40,375	37,645	34,351
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,920	28,495	27,803	7,665
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	56,490	51,850	550	75
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,953	8,910	9,778	9,613
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,295	8,258	9,344	8,944
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	53,065	49,280	530	65
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,806	38,143	36,910	46,428
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,918	28,607	27,791	45,250
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	84.3	84.6	82.3	79.7
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	62.1	62.7	66.8	77.8
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	15.7	15.4	18.4	18.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	77,895	71,695	775	115
Without total income	2,460	2,215	10	10
With total income	75,435	69,475	770	100
Percentage with total income	96.8	96.9	99.4	87.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,570	8,640	105	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	14,805	13,500	160	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	12,030	10,850	150	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	9,480	8,890	90	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	8,185	7,695	55	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	5,795	5,440	40	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	4,175	3,885	45	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	2,875	2,665	35	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	2,170	2,005	35	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	1,780	1,710	10	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	4,565	4,195	45	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 to $149,999	3,050	2,835	30	too unreliable to be published F
$150,000 and over	1,515	1,360	10	too unreliable to be published F
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	77,895	71,695	775	115
Without after-tax income	2,425	2,185	10	15
With after-tax income	75,470	69,505	765	100
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	96.9	98.7	87.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,970	8,990	110	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	15,480	14,130	155	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	13,790	12,555	175	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	11,290	10,590	105	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	8,590	8,035	45	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	5,425	5,075	45	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	3,550	3,300	50	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	2,695	2,500	40	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	4,690	4,330	40	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	1,575	1,495	15	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	885	825	0	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	2,225	2,010	25	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	77,900	71,695	775	115
Without employment income	24,835	22,410	245	45
With employment income	53,060	49,280	530	70
Percentage with employment income	68.1	68.7	68.4	60.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,260	8,510	90	too unreliable to be published F
$5,000 to $9,999	4,815	4,415	60	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	7,270	6,610	50	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	6,355	5,815	85	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	5,935	5,595	65	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	5,290	5,025	35	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	3,655	3,455	10	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	2,715	2,545	30	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	1,825	1,725	20	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	5,940	5,575	75	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	1,500	1,425	30	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	1,365	1,295	10	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	3,075	2,855	30	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	77,895	71,690	775	110
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	25,165	23,405	230	40
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	45,068	45,661	43,469	77,835
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	54,406	55,103	56,414	81,467
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	91,730	84,015	820	160
English only	85,920	79,810	95	60
French only	45	10	30	0
English and French	5,225	4,150	695	100
Neither English nor French	540	45	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	91,735	84,020	825	160
English	87,600	83,635	645	140
French	225	50	165	15
Non-official language	3,130	135	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,130	135	0	0
English and French	40	25	10	10
English and non-official language	725	170	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	91,730	84,020	825	155
None	88,060	82,955	580	105
English	1,010	55	55	10
French	895	650	180	40
Non-official language	1,690	335	0	0
Aboriginal	15	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,670	325	10	0
English and French	20	10	0	0
English and non-official language	20	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	91,730	84,015	820	160
English	90,425	84,010	95	140
French	750	10	730	15
English and French	65	0	0	10
Neither English nor French	495	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	785	0	730	15
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	0.9	0.0	89.0	9.4
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	91,735	84,020	825	155
Official languages	91,190	83,970	820	160
English	91,145	83,965	785	155
French	5,270	4,160	730	100
Non-official languages	8,310	1,800	65	15
Aboriginal languages	55	40	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,260	1,760	60	15
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	91,730	84,020	820	160
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	2,355	2,220	85	30
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	2,260	2,130	80	25
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	1,250	1,215	10	0
Métis	1,005	910	65	30
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	50	50	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	45	45	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	89,380	81,800	735	130
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	91,735	84,015	820	160
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	680	640	20	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	91,055	83,380	795	155
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	91,735	84,015	820	160
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	410	390	15	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	400	385	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	270	265	0	0
Métis single ancestry	120	110	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	3,210	3,075	75	35
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	3,135	3,000	70	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,095	2,035	35	10
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	920	35	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	45	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	70	70	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	65	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	88,120	80,560	730	120
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	91,735	84,020	820	155
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	90,360	83,220	810	155
Canadian citizens only	88,800	82,150	780	155
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,565	1,065	30	10
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	1,375	805	15	0
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	91,735	84,015	820	160
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	84,265	80,055	725	160
Immigrants^Footnote 44	7,355	3,890	100	0
Before 1981	4,885	2,805	35	0
1981 to 1990	720	340	15	0
1991 to 2000	670	230	40	0
2001 to 2010	785	405	0	0
2001 to 2005	425	190	0	0
2006 to 2010	355	210	0	0
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	305	110	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	115	65	0	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	7,355	3,895	95	0
Under 5 years	1,130	700	0	0
5 to 14 years	1,605	875	30	0
15 to 24 years	1,955	970	30	0
25 to 44 years	2,375	1,185	35	0
45 years and over	285	160	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	7,355	3,895	95	0
Americas	1,165	855	35	0
Brazil	15	0	0	0
Colombia	0	10	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	0	0
Guyana	65	65	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	65	65	0	0
Mexico	135	0	30	0
Peru	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	20	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	715	630	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	140	60	0	0
Europe	5,265	2,755	45	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	0	0
Croatia	105	20	0	0
France	50	15	25	0
Germany	795	130	10	0
Greece	50	0	0	0
Hungary	45	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	80	80	0	0
Italy	150	10	0	0
Netherlands	635	100	0	0
Poland	180	10	0	0
Portugal	120	20	0	0
Romania	40	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	35	10	0	0
Ukraine	30	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	2,310	2,295	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	570	75	10	0
Africa	175	85	15	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	30	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	55	0	0
Asia	700	140	10	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0
China^Footnote 53	90	20	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	45	10	0	0
India	160	55	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	15	0	0	0
Iraq	30	10	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	105	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	15	0	0	0
Philippines	75	30	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	35	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	45	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	55	55	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	305	110	0	0
Americas	100	60	0	0
Brazil	0	10	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	75	45	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0
Europe	75	20	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	20	20	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	0	0	0
Africa	15	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	10	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0
Asia	110	15	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0
India	35	10	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	15	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	35	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	10	10	0	0
Australia	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	91,735	84,015	820	160
First generation^Footnote 73	7,730	4,195	100	0
Second generation^Footnote 74	12,150	10,845	80	15
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	71,855	68,980	645	140
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	2,595	1,130	70	0
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	1,215	570	10	0
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	500	235	10	0
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	715	330	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	1,055	545	55	0
Refugees^Footnote 81	280	20	10	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	45	10	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	91,735	84,015	820	155
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	1,895	1,060	15	0
South Asian^Footnote 85	330	185	0	0
Chinese	275	75	0	0
Black	435	415	0	0
Filipino	150	85	10	0
Latin American	65	20	0	0
Arab	180	30	10	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	75	40	10	0
West Asian^Footnote 87	25	10	0	0
Korean	160	40	0	0
Japanese	50	40	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	95	90	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	60	30	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	89,835	82,960	800	155
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	91,735	84,020	820	160
North American Aboriginal origins	3,615	3,460	90	35
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,440	2,365	45	10
Inuit	70	60	0	0
Métis	1,185	1,110	50	25
Other North American origins	32,980	31,270	310	70
Acadian	100	80	15	0
American	960	825	0	0
Canadian	32,210	30,630	290	70
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	80	80	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	35	0	0
Québécois	25	10	10	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0
European origins	72,910	67,435	620	125
British Isles origins	56,945	56,520	190	100
Channel Islander	20	15	0	0
Cornish	20	20	0	0
English	34,335	34,145	60	40
Irish	24,785	24,550	100	55
Manx	15	15	0	0
Scottish	28,340	28,145	70	55
Welsh	1,920	1,905	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	2,420	2,395	10	0
French origins	7,315	6,670	455	90
Alsatian	0	10	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	7,315	6,670	450	85
Western European origins (except French origins)	25,165	21,835	145	10
Austrian	475	375	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	275	210	30	0
Dutch	6,470	5,470	0	0
Flemish	20	0	0	0
Frisian	50	35	0	0
German	19,025	16,935	90	0
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	890	490	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,045	1,875	0	10
Danish	550	515	0	0
Finnish	375	300	0	0
Icelandic	105	100	0	0
Norwegian	510	495	0	0
Swedish	595	555	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	75	60	0	0
Eastern European origins	5,990	4,970	25	25
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0
Czech	290	190	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	90	80	0	0
Estonian	160	50	0	0
Hungarian	750	615	0	0
Latvian	150	110	0	0
Lithuanian	95	85	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,275	1,945	20	25
Romanian	230	185	0	0
Russian	775	630	0	0
Slovak	140	105	0	0
Ukrainian	1,890	1,710	10	25
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	20	0	0	0
Southern European origins	3,940	3,120	50	15
Albanian	45	15	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	215	145	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0
Greek	360	245	15	0
Italian	2,070	1,765	20	15
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	75	45	0	0
Maltese	150	140	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	490	355	0	0
Serbian	80	30	0	0
Sicilian	35	30	0	0
Slovenian	90	60	0	0
Spanish	400	325	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	90	65	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	395	345	20	0
Basque	0	0	0	0
Jewish	215	175	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	30	25	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	10	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	160	135	20	0
Caribbean origins	510	480	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	20	0	0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0
Cuban	35	10	0	0
Dominican	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	10	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	250	250	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	20	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	40	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	35	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	85	85	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	15	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	415	240	25	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	20	20	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	15	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	15	0	0
Chilean	10	15	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	65	60	0	0
Hispanic	10	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0
Mexican	215	75	30	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0
Peruvian	0	10	0	0
Salvadorean	10	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	25	15	0	0
African origins	520	450	10	0
Central and West African origins	20	15	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	15	10	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0
North African origins	125	70	10	0
Algerian	20	10	10	0
Berber	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	50	35	0	0
Libyan	40	30	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	65	55	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0
South African	60	50	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	310	305	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	70	75	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	240	235	0	0
Asian origins	1,650	865	15	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	375	220	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	150	45	0	0
Armenian	20	15	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	30	15	0	0
Iraqi	30	10	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	65	70	0	0
Palestinian	10	10	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0
Syrian	25	20	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	0	0
Turk	35	30	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	410	255	0	10
Bangladeshi	25	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	355	235	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	0	0	0
Punjabi	40	15	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	875	405	10	0
Burmese	15	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0
Chinese	400	160	0	0
Filipino	160	105	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0
Japanese	65	55	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	155	40	0	0
Laotian	45	40	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	10	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	25	0	0	0
Thai	25	15	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	60	25	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	20	20	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	25	15	0	0
Oceania origins	125	125	0	0
Australian	45	45	0	0
New Zealander	35	35	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	50	50	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0
Maori	45	45	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	77,900	71,690	775	115
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,395	15,325	165	40
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	22,395	21,440	155	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,110	34,930	450	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,805	6,140	80	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	2,810	2,575	35	0
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	3,995	3,565	45	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,195	17,065	215	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,515	1,330	30	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,595	10,385	135	20
Bachelor's degree	7,745	7,090	70	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,070	950	20	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	355	0	0
Master's degree	2,085	1,785	30	0
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	245	205	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	77,895	71,695	775	110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	39,785	36,765	320	70
Education	2,695	2,495	50	10
13. Education	2,695	2,495	45	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,385	1,250	25	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	190	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,180	1,060	20	0
Humanities	1,920	1,750	30	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	125	110	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	565	515	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	420	365	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	10	15	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	115	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	340	315	0	0
54. History	240	235	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	105	75	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,590	3,310	60	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	210	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,035	965	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	600	540	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	115	105	10	0
42. Psychology	525	490	20	0
45. Social sciences	1,075	990	15	0
Business, management and public administration	6,320	5,835	80	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	725	670	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,575	5,145	75	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	920	775	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	435	365	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	145	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	20	15	0	0
40. Physical sciences	260	215	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	40	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	815	760	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	525	480	0	0
25. Library science	65	65	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	200	190	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	25	20	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,355	7,570	75	10
04. Architecture and related services	220	185	0	0
14. Engineering	745	585	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,725	1,610	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,120	1,925	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,490	2,310	20	0
48. Precision production	1,060	960	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,460	1,325	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,075	960	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	365	10	0
Health and related fields	7,555	6,950	60	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	740	705	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,700	6,170	50	10
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	110	80	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,080	2,890	40	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,630	1,490	20	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	20	0	0
43. Security and protective services	860	850	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	525	20	0
Other	20	20	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	20	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	77,895	71,690	775	110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,785	36,765	325	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	38,110	34,930	450	45
Location of study inside Canada	35,305	33,250	425	45
Same as province or territory of residence	33,655	31,785	325	35
Different than province or territory of residence	1,655	1,470	95	10
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	2,800	1,680	25	0
United States^Footnote 132	745	665	10	0
Philippines	55	20	0	0
India	65	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	750	715	0	0
China^Footnote 134	15	0	0	0
France	30	15	15	0
Other	1,140	255	10	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	77,900	71,695	775	115
In the labour force	47,510	44,185	450	55
Employed	44,720	41,520	445	55
Unemployed	2,790	2,665	10	0
Not in the labour force	30,390	27,505	325	60
Participation rate	61.0	61.6	58.1	47.8
Employment rate	57.4	57.9	57.4	47.8
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.0	2.2	0.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	77,900	71,690	775	115
Did not work^Footnote 137	27,525	24,985	310	50
Worked	50,370	46,710	465	65
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	25,980	24,130	240	35
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	24,385	22,575	220	25
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.4	43.2	42.0
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	51,710	47,930	495	75
a.Management	6,230	5,505	65	10
00 Senior management occupations	465	415	0	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,085	1,030	15	10
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,875	1,695	25	10
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,805	2,360	25	10
b.Professional	6,445	5,835	105	15
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	835	775	0	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	690	620	10	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	920	845	10	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	745	580	10	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,610	1,515	40	10
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,100	995	30	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	545	510	10	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	4,825	4,560	50	10
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,170	1,105	0	0
32 Technical occupations in health	1,070	1,025	0	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,060	1,030	10	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	500	470	15	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,030	930	20	0
d.Administration and administrative support	5,410	5,125	45	10
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	2,010	1,905	20	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	530	495	0	0
14 Office support occupations	1,980	1,875	20	10
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	890	850	10	0
e.Sales	5,060	4,785	35	0
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	915	850	0	10
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	2,240	2,155	15	0
66 Sales support occupations	1,900	1,780	15	0
f.Personal and customer information services	8,940	8,405	45	0
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,190	1,160	10	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	980	860	0	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,525	1,455	0	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,775	1,655	20	0
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,470	3,280	15	0
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,955	4,625	35	10
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,065	2,835	20	10
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,890	1,790	15	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,115	3,880	55	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	770	705	10	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,425	2,340	25	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	920	840	15	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,145	1,850	15	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	285	255	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,105	870	15	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	760	725	0	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,575	3,365	35	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	500	475	10	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	1,000	935	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,130	1,065	10	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	940	890	20	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	51,710	47,930	495	75
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,395	2,775	25	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	3,185	2,595	20	0
113 Forestry and logging	80	75	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	130	105	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	285	280	10	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	20	15	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	240	235	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	30	25	0	0
22 Utilities	755	725	0	10
221 Utilities	750	720	10	0
23 Construction	4,965	4,570	70	15
236 Construction of buildings	1,580	1,460	25	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	745	710	10	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,640	2,400	35	15
31-33 Manufacturing	6,095	5,720	40	0
311 Food manufacturing	1,165	1,100	20	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	160	140	0	0
313 Textile mills	50	50	0	0
314 Textile product mills	10	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	10	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	150	150	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	265	225	10	0
322 Paper manufacturing	55	60	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	690	670	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	70	70	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	180	180	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	250	235	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	50	50	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	350	275	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	450	420	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	75	75	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	180	175	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,335	1,285	10	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	385	355	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	210	195	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,250	1,180	20	10
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	60	60	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	25	20	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	205	200	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	85	65	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	115	115	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	160	150	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	380	360	0	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	190	180	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	35	25	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	6,220	5,825	60	10
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	670	650	10	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	290	275	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	145	140	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	690	645	20	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,630	1,465	25	0
446 Health and personal care stores	410	380	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	180	170	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	400	385	0	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	275	280	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	805	760	10	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	530	505	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	190	175	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,985	1,870	25	0
481 Air transportation	75	65	0	0
482 Rail transportation	20	20	0	0
483 Water transportation	75	75	0	0
484 Truck transportation	770	740	20	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	420	395	0	0
486 Pipeline transportation	10	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	180	165	0	0
491 Postal service	215	205	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	140	130	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	85	75	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	695	670	10	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	185	180	10	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	85	85	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	80	80	0	0
517 Telecommunications	205	185	10	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	15	15	0	0
519 Other information services	125	120	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,240	1,170	15	0
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	565	525	10	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	215	205	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	460	435	10	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	915	805	0	0
531 Real estate	800	715	0	0
532 Rental and leasing services	105	85	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,325	2,145	20	0
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,325	2,150	20	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	20	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	15	20	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,355	2,195	30	0
561 Administrative and support services	2,205	2,055	30	10
562 Waste management and remediation services	150	145	0	0
61 Educational services	2,900	2,710	70	10
611 Educational services	2,895	2,710	70	10
62 Health care and social assistance	6,895	6,455	45	10
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,865	1,670	0	0
622 Hospitals	1,845	1,735	10	10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,760	1,695	10	0
624 Social assistance	1,420	1,360	25	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,420	1,350	10	0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	375	335	10	0
712 Heritage institutions	90	85	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	955	935	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,455	3,230	20	0
721 Accommodation services	685	635	10	0
722 Food services and drinking places	2,770	2,595	15	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,545	2,305	20	0
811 Repair and maintenance	985	895	0	0
812 Personal and laundry services	715	660	0	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	640	615	10	0
814 Private households	200	140	10	0
91 Public administration	2,005	1,930	15	0
911 Federal government public administration	455	420	0	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	520	500	0	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,025	1,010	10	0
914 Aboriginal public administration	10	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	44,720	41,520	445	55
Worked at home	5,810	4,765	100	10
Worked outside Canada	95	75	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,485	5,125	80	10
Worked at usual place	33,325	31,550	260	40
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	51,705	47,930	495	75
English	50,940	47,775	425	60
French	180	100	55	15
Non-official language	495	25	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	500	30	0	0
English and French	35	20	10	0
English and non-official language	50	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	51,705	47,930	495	75
None	50,715	47,505	380	50
English	260	85	20	0
French	420	295	95	20
Non-official language	300	35	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	295	35	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	33,330	31,550	260	40
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,550	12,800	80	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,420	10,035	75	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,180	8,550	110	0
Commute to a different province or territory	175	165	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	38,810	36,670	345	50
Car, truck, van - as a driver	32,585	30,935	290	35
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,545	2,425	0	10
Public transit	305	275	10	0
Walked	2,635	2,445	35	0
Bicycle	315	235	0	0
Other method	425	355	10	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	38,810	36,675	345	50
Less than 15 minutes	14,895	14,115	100	15
15 to 29 minutes	11,980	11,385	90	20
30 to 44 minutes	5,895	5,545	90	10
45 to 59 minutes	2,260	2,125	10	0
60 minutes and over	3,785	3,500	65	10
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	38,810	36,670	345	50
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,020	2,880	20	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,090	6,750	90	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,265	9,640	105	10
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,230	7,760	55	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,875	3,585	40	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,330	6,065	35	10
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	90,870	83,295	820	160
Non-movers	81,110	74,395	710	120
Movers	9,760	8,895	110	40
Non-migrants	3,835	3,635	25	0
Migrants	5,930	5,255	85	35
Internal migrants	5,715	5,120	75	35
Intraprovincial migrants	5,385	4,820	80	35
Interprovincial migrants	330	295	0	0
External migrants	215	140	10	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	87,160	80,080	805	135
Non-movers	58,970	54,350	450	55
Movers	28,195	25,735	355	80
Non-migrants	11,505	10,885	105	15
Migrants	16,685	14,850	255	60
Internal migrants	16,210	14,545	250	60
Intraprovincial migrants	15,475	13,890	215	60
Interprovincial migrants	730	655	35	0
External migrants	480	305	0	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Grey

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.4%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.