Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Manitoba

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,270	3,500	15,300	40,020
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,265	3,500	15,300	40,015
0 to 14 years	239,395	229,210	4,240	1,075	4,860	4,780
0 to 4 years	79,460	73,820	1,435	235	3,965	1,550
5 to 9 years	82,185	79,705	1,430	370	675	1,615
10 to 14 years	77,745	75,685	1,375	470	220	1,615
15 to 64 years	820,475	787,035	24,490	2,155	6,795	25,565
15 to 19 years	80,910	78,795	1,590	360	170	1,770
20 to 24 years	84,895	82,715	1,685	305	190	1,840
25 to 29 years	84,945	82,115	2,190	245	390	2,310
30 to 34 years	83,680	80,650	2,300	220	510	2,410
35 to 39 years	79,770	76,755	2,075	275	665	2,210
40 to 44 years	78,060	74,810	2,155	220	870	2,265
45 to 49 years	77,955	74,570	2,135	155	1,090	2,215
50 to 54 years	88,390	83,990	3,335	150	925	3,405
55 to 59 years	86,300	81,565	3,570	150	1,010	3,645
60 to 64 years	75,580	71,065	3,465	75	980	3,495
65 years and over	180,830	167,380	9,535	275	3,645	9,670
65 to 69 years	63,070	59,160	3,015	75	820	3,050
70 to 74 years	44,820	41,345	2,600	95	785	2,645
75 to 79 years	31,440	28,930	1,760	35	720	1,780
80 to 84 years	22,215	20,385	1,190	45	590	1,220
85 years and over	19,280	17,560	965	25	735	980
85 to 89 years	12,760	11,665	625	10	455	630
90 to 94 years	5,270	4,770	295	10	195	300
95 to 99 years	1,095	1,005	40	0	50	40
100 years and over	160	125	10	0	35	10
Average age	38.7	38.4	47.4	29.9	40.1	not applicable ...
Median age	37.9	37.4	51.4	25.1	45.0	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	1,001,310	954,415	34,030	2,425	10,440	35,240
Married or living common law	583,515	552,780	21,990	1,270	7,480	22,625
Married	493,340	466,095	18,815	1,120	7,315	19,370
Living common law	90,180	86,690	3,175	145	165	3,255
Not married and not living common law	417,790	401,635	12,035	1,155	2,960	12,615
Never married	290,785	282,485	6,635	950	705	7,110
Separated	23,940	22,905	780	40	225	795
Divorced	52,925	50,485	2,095	100	255	2,140
Widowed	50,135	45,760	2,530	70	1,770	2,565
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	1,001,310	954,420	34,025	2,420	10,440	35,240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	953,960	908,885	33,220	2,170	9,675	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,767	43,902	47,371	36,709	20,228	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,279	34,372	39,933	27,044	17,212	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	954,175	909,085	33,235	2,175	9,675	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,957	36,050	38,821	30,683	18,515	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,520	30,586	34,608	25,056	17,174	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	859,575	820,445	31,190	1,895	6,035	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,776	42,914	43,708	36,649	21,163	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,626	32,678	36,216	27,352	16,324	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	701,830	667,440	23,985	1,805	8,600	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,099	7,032	8,772	5,675	7,901	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,306	4,185	8,169	1,396	4,460	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	722,785	692,670	24,145	1,685	4,285	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,551	42,561	45,601	35,936	26,493	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,697	33,632	39,689	27,370	24,121	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.1	88.2	86.6	87.4	65.2	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	73.7	73.9	70.0	75.8	57.9	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.9	11.8	13.4	12.8	34.7	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	1,001,305	954,415	34,025	2,425	10,440	35,240
Without total income	47,345	45,530	805	250	765	930
With total income	953,960	908,885	33,220	2,175	9,675	34,310
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.2	97.6	89.7	92.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	135,930	129,885	2,785	475	2,780	3,025
$10,000 to $19,999	151,550	143,325	4,705	430	3,090	4,925
$20,000 to $29,999	136,025	129,200	4,875	305	1,650	5,030
$30,000 to $39,999	124,055	118,525	4,270	205	1,050	4,375
$40,000 to $49,999	110,115	105,140	4,170	215	590	4,275
$50,000 to $59,999	81,575	77,830	3,285	195	270	3,380
$60,000 to $69,999	58,070	55,330	2,500	85	155	2,540
$70,000 to $79,999	43,145	41,150	1,850	100	45	1,895
$80,000 to $89,999	33,890	32,260	1,590	40	10	1,610
$90,000 to $99,999	22,000	20,910	1,020	60	15	1,045
$100,000 and over	57,615	55,335	2,170	80	30	2,210
$100,000 to $149,999	41,020	39,325	1,630	60	10	1,655
$150,000 and over	16,595	16,010	540	20	20	555
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	1,001,305	954,415	34,030	2,425	10,440	35,235
Without after-tax income	47,135	45,335	790	245	765	915
With after-tax income	954,170	909,080	33,235	2,180	9,675	34,325
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.2	97.7	89.9	92.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140,270	134,010	2,990	480	2,795	3,230
$10,000 to $19,999	162,985	154,215	5,095	450	3,235	5,320
$20,000 to $29,999	165,530	157,425	5,905	375	1,835	6,085
$30,000 to $39,999	154,185	147,290	5,520	255	1,120	5,645
$40,000 to $49,999	117,275	111,860	4,730	250	425	4,860
$50,000 to $59,999	77,550	73,835	3,385	150	180	3,460
$60,000 to $69,999	53,710	51,250	2,325	85	50	2,365
$70,000 to $79,999	31,940	30,460	1,400	70	15	1,435
$80,000 and over	50,725	48,735	1,885	75	30	1,925
$80,000 to $89,999	17,960	17,175	745	30	10	765
$90,000 to $99,999	10,240	9,825	400	20	0	405
$100,000 and over	22,520	21,735	740	30	20	750
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	1,001,310	954,415	34,025	2,425	10,440	35,240
Without employment income	278,525	261,745	9,880	740	6,160	10,250
With employment income	722,785	692,670	24,145	1,685	4,285	24,990
Percentage with employment income	72.2	72.6	71.0	69.5	41.0	70.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90,380	86,535	3,035	325	490	3,195
$5,000 to $9,999	54,395	52,275	1,545	145	430	1,615
$10,000 to $19,999	94,070	90,245	2,710	280	830	2,850
$20,000 to $29,999	89,770	86,315	2,380	180	895	2,475
$30,000 to $39,999	88,145	84,715	2,495	165	770	2,580
$40,000 to $49,999	77,665	74,345	2,690	175	460	2,780
$50,000 to $59,999	59,510	56,895	2,260	130	220	2,330
$60,000 to $69,999	43,685	41,700	1,785	80	115	1,825
$70,000 to $79,999	34,500	33,020	1,370	65	40	1,405
$80,000 and over	90,675	86,635	3,875	145	30	3,945
$80,000 to $89,999	28,165	26,735	1,400	35	0	1,415
$90,000 to $99,999	17,810	16,980	770	50	20	795
$100,000 and over	44,695	42,920	1,705	60	10	1,730
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	1,001,305	954,415	34,030	2,420	10,440	35,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	350,580	336,275	11,960	615	1,735	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	50,026	49,930	56,998	45,708	31,685	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	59,523	59,538	63,151	56,673	32,582	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,270	3,500	15,300	40,015
English only	1,116,420	1,116,420	0	0	0	0
French only	1,315	0	1,315	0	0	1,315
English and French	107,250	66,820	36,930	3,490	0	38,680
Neither English nor French	15,720	390	20	10	15,300	25
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,270	3,500	15,300	40,020
English	1,025,865	1,005,425	20,445	0	0	20,440
French	16,005	570	15,430	0	0	15,430
Non-official language	135,660	117,795	310	2,250	15,300	1,435
Aboriginal	15,575	15,205	25	35	315	40
Non-Aboriginal	120,085	102,590	290	2,220	14,985	1,400
English and French	3,130	755	1,475	905	0	1,925
English and non-official language	58,840	58,735	100	0	0	100
French and non-official language	430	60	365	0	0	370
English, French and non-official language	765	280	140	345	0	315
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,270	3,500	15,300	40,020
None	1,066,180	1,030,805	19,335	2,045	13,990	20,360
English	70,835	60,380	8,795	915	740	9,250
French	20,025	10,895	9,015	110	10	9,070
Non-official language	81,085	79,515	830	195	545	925
Aboriginal	15,695	15,685	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	65,390	63,830	825	190	550	915
English and French	270	30	25	210	15	130
English and non-official language	1,620	1,415	200	0	0	200
French and non-official language	655	580	70	0	0	70
English, French and non-official language	30	0	0	25	0	15
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,270	3,505	15,300	40,020
English	894,320	894,300	20	0	0	25
French	39,460	2,860	36,600	0	0	36,600
Non-official language	276,735	258,185	745	2,505	15,300	1,995
Aboriginal	29,090	28,730	15	30	315	30
Non-Aboriginal	247,645	229,460	725	2,480	14,985	1,965
English and French	4,355	3,245	250	855	0	680
English and non-official language	24,670	24,670	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	725	105	615	0	0	615
English, French and non-official language	445	270	35	135	0	105
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	1,240,700	1,183,625	38,270	3,500	15,300	40,020
Official languages	1,224,985	1,183,245	38,245	3,490	0	39,995
English	1,223,670	1,183,245	36,930	3,495	0	38,675
French	108,560	66,820	38,250	3,490	0	39,990
Non-official languages	340,255	318,315	3,935	2,710	15,300	5,285
Aboriginal languages	40,470	40,000	110	40	315	130
Non-Aboriginal languages	299,900	278,420	3,820	2,670	14,985	5,155
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,265	3,505	15,300	40,020
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	223,310	214,920	7,840	190	365	7,935
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	220,470	212,185	7,745	180	360	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	130,505	129,905	215	55	330	240
Métis	89,360	81,680	7,525	120	25	7,585
Inuk (Inuit)	605	600	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	2,020	1,945	65	0	0	70
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	820	790	30	0	0	30
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,017,390	968,715	30,425	3,310	14,935	32,080
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	1,240,700	1,183,625	38,265	3,500	15,300	40,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	127,245	126,545	315	60	335	340
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,113,450	1,057,080	37,955	3,445	14,970	39,675
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,270	3,500	15,300	40,020
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	110,630	109,135	1,095	70	335	1,130
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	108,055	106,590	1,070	70	335	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	93,065	92,650	60	30	325	75
Métis single ancestry	14,840	13,785	1,005	40	0	1,025
Inuit single ancestry	155	155	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	2,575	2,545	25	0	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,495	2,470	25	0	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	50	50	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	114,600	107,250	7,195	140	20	7,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	107,535	100,575	6,825	125	15	6,885
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,265	39,615	600	35	0	620
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,815	60,505	6,215	90	10	6,255
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	460	450	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	7,070	6,680	370	15	0	375
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,805	6,420	365	10	10	370
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	120	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	125	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	1,015,465	967,245	29,980	3,290	14,950	31,630
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,270	3,500	15,300	40,015
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	1,133,080	1,086,345	36,510	2,570	7,655	37,800
Canadian citizens only	1,106,795	1,061,690	35,925	2,045	7,130	36,955
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	26,290	24,655	580	520	530	845
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	107,620	97,285	1,760	935	7,645	2,220
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	1,240,695	1,183,625	38,265	3,500	15,300	40,020
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	996,860	956,815	34,865	1,375	3,805	35,555
Immigrants^Footnote 42	227,470	211,730	3,040	1,980	10,715	4,030
Before 1981	50,025	47,990	540	205	1,290	645
1981 to 1990	20,200	18,910	130	70	1,095	165
1991 to 2000	23,040	21,485	330	160	1,065	410
2001 to 2010	70,985	66,265	895	910	2,920	1,350
2001 to 2005	22,570	21,050	395	375	755	580
2006 to 2010	48,420	45,215	505	530	2,165	765
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	63,210	57,080	1,150	635	4,345	1,465
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	16,375	15,085	360	145	780	435
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	227,465	211,735	3,045	1,980	10,715	4,030
Under 5 years	25,595	24,050	310	320	920	470
5 to 14 years	45,570	44,070	545	465	495	775
15 to 24 years	44,585	42,795	705	310	775	860
25 to 44 years	93,705	87,060	1,290	775	4,570	1,675
45 years and over	18,010	13,755	195	105	3,955	245
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	227,470	211,735	3,040	1,975	10,715	4,030
Americas	31,985	30,790	145	250	800	270
Brazil	435	410	0	20	0	10
Colombia	1,050	990	0	25	35	10
El Salvador	2,480	2,360	10	20	95	15
Guyana	1,135	1,135	0	0	0	0
Haiti	150	90	55	10	0	60
Jamaica	1,805	1,810	0	0	0	0
Mexico	6,655	6,325	10	30	290	25
Peru	235	205	0	15	15	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1,510	1,505	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	7,095	7,020	45	15	10	55
Other places of birth in Americas	9,425	8,935	30	105	345	90
Europe	56,705	53,415	895	465	1,930	1,125
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,055	1,015	0	20	20	10
Croatia	980	955	0	0	15	0
France	795	180	615	10	0	615
Germany	10,390	10,200	25	70	100	60
Greece	820	810	0	0	15	0
Hungary	815	790	0	10	15	10
Ireland^Footnote 48	645	645	0	0	10	0
Italy	2,750	2,585	20	40	105	45
Netherlands	2,250	2,235	10	0	0	15
Poland	5,280	4,965	10	25	275	20
Portugal	4,385	3,710	0	70	600	40
Romania	720	635	20	40	30	35
Russian Federation	4,245	3,770	0	45	430	20
Serbia^Footnote 49	355	345	0	10	10	10
Ukraine	4,760	4,440	10	55	265	35
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	11,670	11,650	15	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	4,790	4,485	175	75	60	215
Africa	17,975	14,870	1,905	715	490	2,265
Algeria	115	20	50	45	0	75
Egypt	975	895	10	40	35	30
Ethiopia	2,520	2,455	15	15	45	15
Kenya	935	905	10	10	15	15
Morocco	250	45	115	90	0	155
Nigeria	3,820	3,815	0	0	0	0
Somalia	755	660	0	0	95	0
South Africa, Republic of	975	965	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	7,625	5,115	1,710	510	300	1,965
Asia	120,225	112,100	90	550	7,485	370
Afghanistan	620	570	10	0	30	15
Bangladesh	880	820	0	20	45	10
China^Footnote 51	9,250	6,815	0	30	2,400	20
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	1,455	1,375	10	10	70	10
India	21,990	20,115	0	105	1,760	65
Iran^Footnote 53	1,175	1,075	0	40	60	20
Iraq	860	805	0	0	60	0
Japan	225	220	0	0	0	10
Korea, South^Footnote 54	2,885	2,520	10	45	310	25
Lebanon	265	160	0	40	70	20
Pakistan	3,125	3,035	10	15	70	10
Philippines	61,950	61,315	0	150	480	80
Sri Lanka	1,020	975	0	15	35	0
Syria^Footnote 55	800	290	0	10	500	0
Taiwan	220	200	0	0	20	0
Viet Nam	4,225	3,360	10	15	840	20
Other places of birth in Asia	9,285	8,460	20	60	750	45
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	570	560	10	0	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	63,210	57,080	1,150	635	4,345	1,465
Americas	4,130	3,720	20	55	330	50
Brazil	100	100	0	0	0	0
Colombia	190	175	0	0	15	0
Cuba	80	60	0	10	10	10
Haiti	15	0	15	0	0	15
Jamaica	340	340	0	0	0	0
Mexico	875	775	0	10	90	10
United States^Footnote 58	975	950	0	0	15	10
Venezuela^Footnote 59	75	65	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,490	1,260	0	25	205	15
Europe	5,155	4,410	165	130	460	225
France	140	0	135	0	0	135
Germany	575	485	0	20	75	10
Ireland^Footnote 60	140	135	0	0	10	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	160	125	0	35	0	15
Romania	70	45	15	10	0	15
Russian Federation	1,140	940	0	25	175	10
Ukraine	1,320	1,180	0	20	115	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	550	550	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,060	945	15	15	80	25
Africa	7,860	6,305	940	295	325	1,085
Algeria	20	0	10	10	0	15
Cameroon	65	15	50	0	0	50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	740	145	435	130	35	500
Côte d'Ivoire	95	0	85	0	0	85
Egypt	415	370	0	15	25	10
Eritrea	790	670	0	0	125	0
Ethiopia	810	785	10	0	15	0
Morocco	70	0	35	25	10	45
Nigeria	2,625	2,620	0	10	0	0
Somalia	380	330	0	0	55	0
South Africa, Republic of	225	225	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	65	0	25	30	0	40
Other places of birth in Africa	1,550	1,130	290	75	65	325
Asia	45,915	42,510	25	160	3,225	105
Afghanistan	60	55	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	360	330	0	10	25	10
China^Footnote 63	3,395	2,465	0	10	920	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	185	180	0	0	10	0
India	10,910	9,980	10	40	890	25
Iran^Footnote 65	425	370	0	20	40	10
Iraq	330	290	0	0	40	0
Israel	595	555	0	0	40	0
Japan	45	50	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	1,300	1,075	10	15	200	15
Lebanon	140	70	0	0	65	0
Nepal	210	210	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,535	1,510	0	0	25	10
Philippines	22,890	22,715	10	55	110	35
Saudi Arabia	330	325	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	250	245	0	0	10	0
Syria^Footnote 67	635	135	0	0	500	0
Taiwan	15	0	0	0	10	0
Turkey	40	40	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	110	105	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	500	400	0	0	95	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,650	1,400	0	0	240	10
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	150	140	0	0	10	0
Australia	80	70	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	65	70	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,270	3,500	15,300	40,020
First generation^Footnote 71	249,625	232,425	3,500	2,130	11,570	4,565
Second generation^Footnote 72	197,530	190,955	2,705	690	3,175	3,045
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	793,545	760,245	32,065	685	555	32,405
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	180,810	166,820	2,545	1,790	9,650	3,445
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	119,850	113,225	1,220	1,150	4,255	1,795
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	44,415	41,945	575	375	1,520	760
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	75,435	71,280	645	775	2,735	1,030
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	39,875	35,750	420	240	3,465	540
Refugees^Footnote 79	20,550	17,425	890	405	1,830	1,095
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	535	425	20	0	95	15
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	1,240,695	1,183,630	38,270	3,500	15,305	40,015
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	216,850	201,695	2,945	1,905	10,305	3,895
South Asian^Footnote 83	42,060	38,975	75	265	2,750	205
Chinese	22,540	19,010	55	125	3,350	115
Black	30,340	26,915	2,285	565	570	2,570
Filipino	79,820	79,010	20	190	600	115
Latin American	9,900	9,085	40	240	530	160
Arab	5,030	3,675	225	310	820	380
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	8,565	7,605	55	45	870	80
West Asian^Footnote 85	2,690	2,485	20	50	135	45
Korean	4,375	3,885	10	55	420	40
Japanese	1,845	1,785	30	10	30	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	3,200	3,020	80	20	80	90
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	6,480	6,255	55	30	145	65
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	1,023,850	981,935	35,325	1,595	4,990	36,125
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	1,240,700	1,183,630	38,265	3,500	15,300	40,020
North American Aboriginal origins	225,230	216,385	8,285	210	355	8,390
First Nations (North American Indian)	142,820	141,350	1,050	75	345	1,090
Inuit	955	935	10	10	0	20
Métis	91,120	83,345	7,610	140	15	7,685
Other North American origins	247,670	231,300	15,345	445	575	15,565
Acadian	645	495	145	0	0	145
American	9,215	8,905	305	0	0	305
Canadian	240,830	224,765	15,050	445	575	15,270
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	215	210	0	0	0	10
Nova Scotian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Québécois	280	125	150	10	0	150
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	35	35	0	0	0	0
European origins	826,215	790,835	29,480	1,470	4,425	30,215
British Isles origins	421,520	416,200	4,990	250	80	5,110
Channel Islander	50	40	10	0	0	0
Cornish	85	85	0	0	0	0
English	245,960	243,650	2,120	130	60	2,185
Irish	156,145	154,115	1,920	95	15	1,965
Manx	200	200	0	0	0	0
Scottish	208,060	206,145	1,810	85	25	1,850
Welsh	17,760	17,700	50	15	0	50
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	19,610	19,375	215	15	0	225
French origins	148,810	120,805	27,475	495	30	27,725
Alsatian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Breton	120	35	80	0	0	80
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	148,740	120,755	27,460	500	30	27,710
Western European origins (except French origins)	286,985	280,135	4,720	340	1,795	4,890
Austrian	12,330	12,215	85	10	15	90
Bavarian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Belgian	21,510	19,090	2,375	40	0	2,395
Dutch	55,525	55,095	315	50	65	340
Flemish	970	910	55	0	0	55
Frisian	135	135	0	0	0	0
German	220,735	217,315	1,425	240	1,750	1,545
Luxembourger	160	150	10	0	0	10
Swiss	5,475	4,520	920	25	10	930
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	140	140	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,300	79,885	375	15	20	385
Danish	7,895	7,875	15	0	0	20
Finnish	4,000	3,990	15	0	0	10
Icelandic	31,090	30,935	130	10	10	135
Norwegian	19,600	19,495	90	0	10	90
Swedish	22,470	22,355	105	0	10	105
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	2,540	2,515	25	0	0	25
Eastern European origins	287,690	283,785	1,465	545	1,900	1,735
Bulgarian	335	315	0	10	15	0
Byelorussian	890	840	0	20	30	10
Czech	4,595	4,565	25	0	0	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	2,160	2,150	0	0	0	0
Estonian	190	190	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10,120	9,930	85	65	45	120
Latvian	1,370	1,355	0	0	10	10
Lithuanian	1,455	1,430	25	0	0	20
Moldovan	325	295	10	15	15	10
Polish	88,090	87,025	515	155	395	595
Romanian	5,835	5,645	65	80	45	105
Russian	58,225	56,815	130	125	1,155	195
Slovak	2,190	2,160	10	10	15	10
Ukrainian	180,060	178,320	795	250	695	920
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	900	890	10	0	0	10
Southern European origins	59,915	57,255	1,100	450	1,110	1,325
Albanian	415	385	0	0	25	0
Bosnian	1,030	990	10	15	15	15
Catalan	15	10	0	10	0	0
Croatian	2,925	2,890	25	0	15	25
Cypriot	40	45	0	0	0	0
Greek	4,130	4,035	50	10	45	50
Italian	23,210	22,350	560	135	165	625
Kosovar	45	45	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	230	230	0	0	0	0
Maltese	360	350	15	0	0	10
Montenegrin	40	40	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	14,535	13,600	110	130	705	175
Serbian	1,240	1,185	10	35	15	25
Sicilian	235	230	0	10	0	10
Slovenian	1,005	1,000	0	0	0	0
Spanish	12,620	11,895	380	155	195	460
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,065	1,055	0	0	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	70	70	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	10,950	10,665	80	65	130	115
Basque	105	95	0	15	0	0
Jewish	8,450	8,220	40	65	135	70
Roma (Gypsy)	155	155	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	185	180	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	2,130	2,080	40	0	0	45
Caribbean origins	10,800	10,555	200	25	25	210
Antiguan	65	60	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	740	735	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Carib	70	65	0	0	0	0
Cuban	345	325	0	0	0	0
Dominican	275	265	10	0	0	15
Grenadian	160	160	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	235	135	95	10	0	100
Jamaican	4,585	4,555	20	0	10	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	70	70	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,395	2,350	50	0	0	50
Vincentian/Grenadinian	195	195	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,465	1,460	0	0	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	665	635	30	0	0	30
Latin, Central and South American origins	23,115	21,940	120	240	815	240
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	650	585	30	15	20	35
Arawak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	480	445	0	20	15	10
Belizean	205	205	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	300	275	10	0	15	10
Brazilian	830	765	0	10	55	0
Chilean	1,520	1,465	15	25	10	30
Colombian	1,400	1,295	0	40	60	20
Costa Rican	65	60	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	120	100	0	20	10	10
Guatemalan	505	490	0	15	10	10
Guyanese	1,485	1,480	10	0	0	10
Hispanic	425	405	10	0	10	0
Honduran	525	425	0	10	90	10
Maya	220	195	0	10	10	0
Mexican	8,795	8,385	25	40	345	45
Nicaraguan	370	325	0	15	25	10
Panamanian	50	55	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	2,075	2,040	10	0	30	0
Peruvian	355	305	10	20	15	20
Salvadorean	2,740	2,585	0	25	120	15
Uruguayan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	245	225	10	0	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	1,045	980	10	10	55	0
African origins	28,860	24,795	2,530	890	655	2,970
Central and West African origins	8,670	6,710	1,555	335	75	1,720
Akan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Angolan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	25	25	0	0	0	0
Beninese	55	30	20	0	0	20
Burkinabe	15	0	15	0	0	15
Cameroonian	145	35	105	10	0	110
Chadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Congolese	1,575	375	880	270	50	1,010
Edo	125	125	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	10	10	0	0
Gabonese	25	10	15	0	0	15
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	380	325	40	10	10	40
Guinean	70	20	45	10	0	50
Ibo	430	435	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	125	0	105	0	0	115
Liberian	80	75	0	0	0	0
Malian	140	0	140	0	0	140
Malinké	35	35	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	3,865	3,815	15	20	10	30
Peulh	25	0	20	10	0	25
Senegalese	110	15	90	10	0	90
Sierra Leonean	320	320	0	0	0	0
Togolese	115	35	80	0	0	80
Wolof	25	0	15	0	0	20
Yoruba	1,050	1,040	10	10	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	545	425	90	20	10	100
North African origins	3,690	2,935	365	290	105	510
Algerian	100	35	30	35	0	45
Berber	145	30	65	40	0	85
Coptic	85	75	0	0	10	0
Dinka	30	30	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,335	1,195	55	45	40	80
Libyan	365	360	0	0	0	0
Maure	100	45	55	10	0	55
Moroccan	350	100	135	115	10	190
Sudanese	1,075	1,035	0	10	35	0
Tunisian	130	45	30	45	10	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	75	65	15	0	0	15
Southern and East African origins	10,500	9,500	355	195	455	450
Afrikaner	65	60	0	0	0	0
Amhara	140	130	0	10	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	150	85	30	25	10	45
Burundian	235	75	125	20	15	135
Djiboutian	45	25	15	0	0	15
Eritrean	2,300	2,095	0	0	205	0
Ethiopian	2,900	2,815	25	10	55	30
Harari	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	335	335	0	0	0	10
Malagasy	25	15	0	15	0	10
Mauritian	245	120	75	45	0	105
Oromo	325	325	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	300	170	75	50	10	95
Seychellois	50	35	0	10	0	10
Somali	1,745	1,585	20	15	130	25
South African	735	720	10	10	0	0
Tanzanian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	320	300	0	0	20	0
Ugandan	255	260	0	0	0	0
Zambian	200	190	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	310	295	15	0	0	15
Zulu	25	25	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	440	370	20	20	25	35
Other African origins	6,675	6,170	335	125	50	395
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	820	810	0	15	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	5,930	5,440	330	110	50	385
Asian origins	178,650	167,975	530	950	9,200	1,005
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	11,845	10,320	155	235	1,140	275
Afghan	1,010	925	20	15	55	25
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,760	1,220	75	85	375	115
Armenian	495	470	10	10	15	10
Assyrian	45	40	0	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	55	50	0	0	0	0
Georgian	105	105	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,885	1,740	0	50	90	25
Iraqi	925	885	0	0	40	0
Israeli	775	770	0	10	0	10
Jordanian	235	220	0	10	0	10
Kazakh	335	275	0	0	55	0
Kurd	305	275	10	10	15	10
Kuwaiti	45	45	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	45	35	0	0	10	0
Lebanese	1,380	1,320	20	35	10	35
Palestinian	620	555	15	20	25	25
Pashtun	60	55	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabian	170	160	0	0	10	0
Syrian	1,115	680	10	0	415	15
Tajik	55	55	0	0	10	0
Tatar	310	275	0	0	35	0
Turk	650	620	10	0	25	0
Turkmen	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	65	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	100	100	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	300	270	0	0	30	0
South Asian origins	43,155	40,035	135	270	2,705	270
Bangladeshi	880	830	0	10	35	10
Bengali	200	185	0	0	15	0
Bhutanese	140	130	0	0	15	0
East Indian	34,470	31,880	120	225	2,240	230
Goan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	220	205	0	0	20	0
Kashmiri	30	25	0	0	0	0
Nepali	500	455	10	0	45	10
Pakistani	3,370	3,240	0	10	120	10
Punjabi	3,835	3,415	10	15	390	15
Sinhalese	280	275	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	1,090	1,045	0	15	30	10
Tamil	245	230	0	0	15	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	725	685	0	0	40	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	124,100	118,050	245	435	5,365	465
Burmese	255	220	10	0	35	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	525	470	10	0	40	10
Chinese	30,155	26,415	70	150	3,515	145
Filipino	83,530	82,665	40	190	630	140
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	530	530	0	0	0	0
Japanese	2,670	2,570	55	15	30	60
Karen	455	360	0	0	90	0
Korean	4,545	4,035	10	55	440	40
Laotian	1,735	1,615	25	10	80	30
Malaysian	470	465	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	145	145	10	0	0	10
Singaporean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	150	140	0	0	10	0
Thai	750	700	20	10	25	25
Tibetan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5,850	5,190	30	30	600	45
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	150	130	0	10	15	10
Other Asian origins	575	555	0	0	15	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	575	555	0	0	15	0
Oceania origins	1,525	1,520	0	0	0	0
Australian	910	915	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	315	315	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	345	340	0	0	0	0
Fijian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	55	60	0	0	0	0
Maori	60	55	0	0	0	0
Samoan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	95	90	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	65	65	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	1,001,305	954,420	34,030	2,425	10,440	35,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	220,390	207,150	7,085	465	5,695	7,310
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	296,360	284,375	8,675	555	2,760	8,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	484,560	462,890	18,270	1,405	1,995	18,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	77,005	72,870	3,520	140	475	3,595
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	37,490	35,290	1,830	85	290	1,870
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	39,515	37,575	1,695	55	190	1,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	177,620	170,205	6,420	325	665	6,590
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,940	27,315	1,350	75	200	1,385
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	200,990	192,500	6,980	865	650	7,410
Bachelor's degree	143,780	138,275	4,655	450	395	4,880
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,040	15,085	760	95	105	805
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,110	5,865	160	55	25	190
Master's degree	29,305	27,835	1,175	180	115	1,265
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	5,760	5,440	235	85	10	275
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	1,001,305	954,420	34,025	2,420	10,440	35,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	516,750	491,530	15,755	1,015	8,450	16,265
Education	44,855	42,130	2,485	105	135	2,540
13. Education	44,855	42,130	2,485	105	135	2,540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,170	12,710	370	35	50	390
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,415	2,330	65	10	0	70
50. Visual and performing arts	10,755	10,385	305	30	40	320
Humanities	23,030	21,885	900	110	140	955
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,780	1,540	170	30	45	185
23. English language and literature/letters	3,910	3,790	85	20	10	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,065	6,790	205	20	50	210
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	55	55	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,590	1,545	40	10	0	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,510	4,425	70	0	15	70
54. History	3,410	3,260	135	0	15	135
55. French language and literature/letters	705	475	190	40	10	210
Social and behavioural sciences and law	46,550	44,540	1,585	260	170	1,715
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	880	850	30	0	0	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,115	2,965	125	10	15	130
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,760	10,260	355	55	90	385
22. Legal professions and studies	7,130	6,815	250	50	15	280
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	955	930	20	0	0	20
42. Psychology	8,155	7,825	315	10	0	320
45. Social sciences	15,565	14,900	495	115	55	555
Business, management and public administration	95,115	90,745	3,790	235	345	3,910
30.16 Accounting and computer science	320	295	20	10	0	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,670	7,400	255	10	0	260
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	87,125	83,045	3,520	225	340	3,630
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,120	15,495	510	85	30	550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,625	6,370	215	35	0	235
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,320	4,145	165	10	0	170
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	465	440	20	0	0	20
40. Physical sciences	3,680	3,560	75	30	20	90
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,020	980	25	0	10	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,430	17,640	630	95	55	675
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,225	14,620	480	70	55	515
25. Library science	1,140	1,045	85	10	0	90
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,945	1,860	70	15	0	80
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	125	120	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	96,620	92,350	3,435	210	625	3,540
04. Architecture and related services	2,420	2,300	80	15	25	85
14. Engineering	16,205	15,665	270	75	195	310
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,820	17,130	580	40	60	600
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	22,160	21,100	910	35	120	925
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	27,480	26,165	1,170	35	115	1,185
48. Precision production	10,530	9,985	430	10	115	430
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,540	14,015	450	45	35	470
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,380	10,950	360	40	30	380
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,160	3,065	85	10	0	90
Health and related fields	87,795	84,465	2,900	205	220	3,000
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,110	3,930	155	0	15	160
51. Health professions and related programs	81,865	78,765	2,715	185	200	2,805
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,820	1,770	30	20	0	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,275	26,855	1,215	20	180	1,225
12. Personal and culinary services	16,750	15,910	680	0	155	680
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	85	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	240	210	25	10	0	30
43. Security and protective services	5,010	4,795	210	0	10	210
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,185	5,850	295	10	25	305
Other	60	60	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	60	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	1,001,305	954,415	34,025	2,425	10,440	35,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	516,750	491,525	15,755	1,015	8,450	16,265
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	484,555	462,890	18,270	1,410	1,990	18,975
Location of study inside Canada	403,775	385,710	17,110	790	170	17,505
Same as province or territory of residence	352,390	337,305	14,240	685	165	14,580
Different than province or territory of residence	51,385	48,405	2,870	105	10	2,925
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	80,780	77,180	1,160	620	1,820	1,470
United States^Footnote 130	9,150	8,930	195	30	0	210
Philippines	26,455	26,400	0	10	40	0
India	10,365	10,130	10	15	215	15
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	4,175	4,125	35	20	0	45
China^Footnote 132	2,865	2,255	0	10	600	10
France	395	45	340	10	0	345
Other	27,380	25,295	580	530	965	850
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	1,001,310	954,415	34,025	2,425	10,440	not applicable ...
In the labour force	662,150	635,260	21,320	1,635	3,940	not applicable ...
Employed	617,465	592,225	20,340	1,440	3,465	not applicable ...
Unemployed	44,685	43,040	980	190	480	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	339,150	319,155	12,710	790	6,500	not applicable ...
Participation rate	66.1	66.6	62.7	67.4	37.7	not applicable ...
Employment rate	61.7	62.1	59.8	59.4	33.2	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.8	4.6	11.6	12.2	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	1,001,310	954,415	34,025	2,425	10,440	35,240
Did not work^Footnote 135	312,500	293,735	11,415	835	6,515	11,830
Worked	688,805	660,680	22,610	1,590	3,925	23,410
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	358,795	344,120	12,175	640	1,865	12,490
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	330,010	316,560	10,440	955	2,060	10,915
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	42.9	43.1	38.8	42.2	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	710,830	681,540	23,370	1,720	4,205	24,230
a.Management	75,790	72,675	2,805	110	200	2,860
00 Senior management occupations	6,605	6,355	220	15	10	230
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	20,475	19,445	970	45	15	995
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	22,400	21,720	545	30	105	560
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	26,305	25,155	1,065	15	70	1,075
b.Professional	110,170	104,915	4,765	385	115	4,955
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	17,900	17,110	735	45	15	755
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	17,020	16,375	555	60	30	590
30 Professional occupations in nursing	14,285	13,810	465	15	0	470
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	9,660	9,325	290	30	20	305
40 Professional occupations in education services	28,420	26,495	1,740	170	10	1,830
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	16,735	16,025	650	35	25	670
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	6,150	5,770	330	30	15	345
c.Technical and paraprofessional	66,495	63,850	2,405	170	70	2,490
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	18,970	18,365	535	45	25	560
32 Technical occupations in health	12,340	11,930	380	30	0	395
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	17,790	17,220	495	50	25	520
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	6,495	5,985	495	15	0	505
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,900	10,350	495	35	15	510
d.Administration and administrative support	87,965	84,385	3,365	130	90	3,430
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	32,380	30,845	1,455	60	20	1,485
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	7,945	7,600	300	20	25	305
14 Office support occupations	34,660	33,290	1,320	40	15	1,335
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	12,985	12,645	290	15	35	300
e.Sales	63,455	61,910	1,255	180	115	1,345
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	13,595	13,180	375	30	10	390
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	28,160	27,465	585	70	45	615
66 Sales support occupations	21,700	21,260	295	80	60	335
f.Personal and customer information services	142,745	136,595	4,015	470	1,670	4,250
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	19,385	18,715	555	90	20	605
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	24,500	23,510	790	75	120	830
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	22,315	21,105	535	55	620	565
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	34,365	32,950	1,100	130	180	1,165
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	42,180	40,310	1,025	120	725	1,090
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	58,125	55,570	2,025	90	435	2,070
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	36,055	34,425	1,240	55	330	1,270
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	22,070	21,150	780	35	105	800
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	52,775	50,855	1,545	85	295	1,585
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	9,320	9,120	170	10	35	165
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	32,030	30,715	1,070	40	200	1,090
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	11,430	11,020	305	40	65	325
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	21,595	20,750	655	30	165	665
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	4,320	4,170	145	0	0	145
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	11,010	10,555	350	10	100	355
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	6,260	6,030	160	20	55	165
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	31,710	30,040	535	80	1,055	575
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	5,085	4,920	150	10	0	150
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	10,700	9,980	135	40	545	155
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	7,845	7,525	125	15	180	135
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	8,085	7,610	125	20	330	140
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	710,830	681,545	23,370	1,720	4,205	24,225
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	32,040	30,545	1,245	35	215	1,260
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	29,350	27,975	1,145	30	195	1,165
113 Forestry and logging	490	450	35	0	0	35
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	955	945	10	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	1,250	1,180	50	0	20	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,925	5,750	180	0	0	175
211 Oil and gas extraction	635	620	15	0	0	15
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	3,600	3,480	120	0	0	120
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	1,690	1,650	45	0	0	40
22 Utilities	7,860	7,595	245	15	0	255
221 Utilities	7,860	7,590	250	15	10	255
23 Construction	54,105	51,890	1,865	100	250	1,915
236 Construction of buildings	15,580	15,005	495	35	50	515
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	7,765	7,395	325	10	35	335
238 Specialty trade contractors	30,755	29,495	1,040	55	165	1,070
31-33 Manufacturing	57,585	54,865	1,305	110	1,300	1,360
311 Food manufacturing	11,080	10,200	255	45	580	275
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	750	725	20	10	0	20
313 Textile mills	120	110	0	0	15	0
314 Textile product mills	305	285	0	0	15	10
315 Clothing manufacturing	1,445	1,330	20	10	85	25
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	175	150	10	0	10	15
321 Wood product manufacturing	2,295	2,205	60	0	25	60
322 Paper manufacturing	1,110	1,065	45	0	10	45
323 Printing and related support activities	3,200	3,120	70	0	0	70
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	195	175	15	0	0	20
325 Chemical manufacturing	2,460	2,415	40	0	0	40
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	3,275	3,145	70	0	60	65
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,785	1,705	60	0	20	65
331 Primary metal manufacturing	2,450	2,355	25	0	65	30
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	4,460	4,275	115	0	60	120
333 Machinery manufacturing	5,450	5,235	130	0	75	135
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	850	840	10	10	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	930	915	10	0	15	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	8,205	7,925	200	20	60	205
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	4,550	4,310	80	15	150	85
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	2,505	2,380	70	0	55	65
41 Wholesale trade	23,155	22,275	690	60	135	720
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	1,430	1,380	45	10	10	45
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	385	370	15	0	0	15
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	3,160	3,020	75	10	55	80
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	2,130	2,050	60	15	20	60
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,885	1,825	50	0	15	50
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,495	3,350	135	10	0	145
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	6,215	6,015	160	15	20	170
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	3,540	3,405	120	10	10	120
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	900	860	40	0	0	45
44-45 Retail trade	76,470	74,740	1,360	165	205	1,450
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	9,745	9,520	205	0	15	205
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	3,060	3,015	35	0	15	35
443 Electronics and appliance stores	2,530	2,465	45	10	10	50
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	6,215	6,030	165	15	0	175
445 Food and beverage stores	18,600	18,060	365	60	110	395
446 Health and personal care stores	6,575	6,435	100	35	10	120
447 Gasoline stations	4,305	4,235	60	0	10	65
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	6,795	6,695	65	20	20	75
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	3,190	3,115	75	0	0	70
452 General merchandise stores	9,370	9,240	115	0	10	120
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	4,005	3,925	70	10	0	70
454 Non-store retailers	2,080	2,010	70	0	0	70
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	38,095	36,610	1,265	45	175	1,285
481 Air transportation	2,925	2,780	140	0	0	140
482 Rail transportation	3,930	3,770	155	0	0	155
483 Water transportation	35	35	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	15,460	14,850	460	15	140	470
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	4,250	4,050	170	0	25	175
486 Pipeline transportation	100	95	10	0	0	10
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	4,360	4,235	100	15	10	105
491 Postal service	2,640	2,500	130	0	0	135
492 Couriers and messengers	2,760	2,695	65	0	0	70
493 Warehousing and storage	1,620	1,590	30	0	0	30
51 Information and cultural industries	11,960	11,445	465	30	20	475
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	2,025	1,965	50	10	0	55
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,755	1,680	70	0	0	75
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,285	1,175	105	0	0	110
517 Telecommunications	5,060	4,895	145	15	10	150
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	215	210	0	0	0	10
519 Other information services	1,620	1,520	90	0	0	90
52 Finance and insurance	27,355	26,020	1,230	90	10	1,275
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	9,785	9,330	415	40	0	435
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	3,625	3,465	150	0	0	155
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	13,800	13,090	655	50	10	675
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	140	135	10	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	9,020	8,705	270	10	40	275
531 Real estate	7,620	7,345	240	10	25	245
532 Rental and leasing services	1,355	1,320	30	0	10	30
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	40	40	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	31,195	30,195	875	90	30	920
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	31,190	30,195	875	90	30	920
55 Management of companies and enterprises	710	665	40	0	0	45
551 Management of companies and enterprises	705	665	40	0	0	40
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25,480	24,415	680	110	275	735
561 Administrative and support services	24,040	23,025	635	110	270	690
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,440	1,395	40	10	0	40
61 Educational services	60,245	56,495	3,435	250	60	3,560
611 Educational services	60,245	56,490	3,435	250	60	3,560
62 Health care and social assistance	101,115	97,655	3,040	285	140	3,180
621 Ambulatory health care services	25,130	24,335	745	45	10	770
622 Hospitals	31,390	30,390	895	80	20	935
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	20,960	20,130	700	80	50	740
624 Social assistance	23,635	22,805	695	75	60	730
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15,355	14,725	540	50	35	565
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	4,065	3,835	195	15	20	205
712 Heritage institutions	1,550	1,420	115	15	0	120
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	9,735	9,470	225	25	15	235
72 Accommodation and food services	49,590	47,695	825	120	960	880
721 Accommodation services	8,855	8,540	175	25	115	190
722 Food services and drinking places	40,740	39,155	645	90	840	690
81 Other services (except public administration)	31,100	29,760	975	45	325	995
811 Repair and maintenance	10,560	10,215	225	10	110	225
812 Personal and laundry services	9,000	8,575	305	0	125	305
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	9,650	9,190	390	20	50	400
814 Private households	1,895	1,790	55	15	40	60
91 Public administration	52,480	49,490	2,850	110	30	2,905
911 Federal government public administration	19,295	17,700	1,535	50	10	1,560
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	17,130	16,265	820	35	10	840
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	13,655	13,150	485	25	0	495
914 Aboriginal public administration	2,360	2,350	10	0	0	10
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	35	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	617,465	592,220	20,340	1,445	3,465	21,060
Worked at home	42,530	40,740	1,605	65	120	1,635
Worked outside Canada	1,935	1,820	40	10	65	45
No fixed workplace address	68,420	65,660	2,270	150	340	2,345
Worked at usual place	504,580	484,000	16,420	1,220	2,940	17,030
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	710,830	681,540	23,370	1,720	4,205	24,230
English	688,400	667,670	17,450	1,250	2,030	18,075
French	6,455	1,775	4,550	120	10	4,610
Non-official language	7,595	5,780	25	50	1,735	50
Aboriginal	1,820	1,795	10	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	5,775	3,980	20	45	1,725	45
English and French	2,655	1,045	1,325	280	10	1,470
English and non-official language	5,680	5,230	15	15	420	25
French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	40	10	0	0	10
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	710,835	681,545	23,365	1,720	4,205	24,230
None	662,595	644,225	13,815	1,285	3,270	14,455
English	8,550	5,135	2,975	95	340	3,025
French	13,320	6,690	6,445	185	0	6,540
Non-official language	25,965	25,180	65	125	595	125
Aboriginal	6,500	6,490	10	0	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	19,460	18,695	60	120	590	120
English and French	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	60	40	20	0	0	25
French and non-official language	335	260	40	30	0	55
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	504,580	484,000	16,425	1,220	2,940	17,030
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	384,465	369,455	11,355	1,095	2,565	11,905
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	50,350	48,310	1,765	60	210	1,795
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	66,495	63,115	3,160	55	160	3,190
Commute to a different province or territory	3,270	3,120	135	10	10	145
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	573,000	549,660	18,695	1,365	3,280	19,375
Car, truck, van - as a driver	431,750	414,815	14,195	775	1,970	14,580
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	40,590	38,920	1,005	50	625	1,025
Public transit	53,740	51,320	1,615	345	455	1,785
Walked	32,335	30,785	1,240	135	175	1,310
Bicycle	8,170	7,740	390	40	10	405
Other method	6,410	6,085	260	30	40	275
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	573,000	549,660	18,695	1,365	3,275	19,375
Less than 15 minutes	185,120	178,240	5,690	335	860	5,855
15 to 29 minutes	208,570	200,050	6,700	490	1,330	6,945
30 to 44 minutes	115,090	109,930	4,005	360	790	4,190
45 to 59 minutes	36,755	35,225	1,280	105	140	1,335
60 minutes and over	27,465	26,210	1,020	75	160	1,060
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	573,000	549,660	18,695	1,365	3,280	19,375
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,060	26,640	1,030	95	295	1,080
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	104,550	99,990	3,635	200	725	3,735
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	168,755	161,670	6,365	340	380	6,530
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	126,085	121,145	4,245	340	360	4,410
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	53,120	51,030	1,385	125	580	1,445
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	92,425	89,180	2,035	280	935	2,175
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	1,225,480	1,169,815	37,995	3,440	14,230	39,715
Non-movers	1,064,380	1,017,095	33,980	2,725	10,580	35,345
Movers	161,105	152,720	4,015	720	3,650	4,375
Non-migrants	105,090	101,055	2,295	440	1,300	2,515
Migrants	56,005	51,665	1,715	280	2,345	1,860
Internal migrants	41,305	39,470	1,360	130	345	1,425
Intraprovincial migrants	30,395	29,325	815	40	215	835
Interprovincial migrants	10,910	10,150	545	95	130	585
External migrants	14,700	12,195	355	145	2,005	435
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	1,161,240	1,109,810	36,835	3,265	11,330	38,465
Non-movers	718,640	687,480	24,860	1,475	4,825	25,595
Movers	442,600	422,330	11,975	1,785	6,510	12,870
Non-migrants	261,015	251,395	6,495	905	2,220	6,950
Migrants	181,585	170,930	5,475	885	4,295	5,920
Internal migrants	117,140	112,155	4,295	225	470	4,405
Intraprovincial migrants	86,295	83,265	2,700	70	260	2,740
Interprovincial migrants	30,845	28,890	1,590	155	210	1,665
External migrants	64,450	58,780	1,185	660	3,820	1,515

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Manitoba

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.3%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.