Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Saskatchewan

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	1,070,560	1,048,035	13,240	1,920	7,360	14,195
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	1,070,560	1,048,040	13,235	1,925	7,365	14,200
0 to 14 years	213,260	208,925	1,130	720	2,485	1,490
0 to 4 years	72,355	70,045	410	115	1,795	465
5 to 9 years	73,810	72,640	390	320	455	550
10 to 14 years	67,095	66,245	330	290	230	475
15 to 64 years	701,310	688,610	7,990	1,110	3,595	8,545
15 to 19 years	66,510	65,865	310	150	180	385
20 to 24 years	68,560	67,890	440	110	110	500
25 to 29 years	76,205	75,130	705	120	250	765
30 to 34 years	76,465	75,210	740	160	355	820
35 to 39 years	70,620	69,320	770	180	355	860
40 to 44 years	64,075	62,770	660	145	500	735
45 to 49 years	62,620	61,220	790	85	525	830
50 to 54 years	74,190	72,580	1,020	70	520	1,055
55 to 59 years	75,120	73,525	1,185	45	365	1,210
60 to 64 years	66,945	65,100	1,365	40	440	1,385
65 years and over	155,985	150,495	4,115	95	1,280	4,165
65 to 69 years	52,520	50,855	1,225	25	425	1,235
70 to 74 years	36,570	35,270	985	35	280	1,005
75 to 79 years	27,715	26,720	810	20	165	820
80 to 84 years	20,805	19,970	615	0	205	620
85 years and over	18,385	17,685	480	10	215	480
85 to 89 years	12,425	11,960	330	0	120	335
90 to 94 years	4,845	4,680	100	0	65	105
95 to 99 years	1,010	955	45	0	20	40
100 years and over	100	90	0	0	10	0
Average age	38.6	38.4	51.3	27.4	36.1	not applicable ...
Median age	37.4	37.2	55.2	24.1	39.4	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	857,295	839,110	12,105	1,200	4,875	12,710
Married or living common law	513,605	500,965	8,350	725	3,565	8,715
Married	431,105	419,695	7,280	650	3,470	7,610
Living common law	82,510	81,270	1,065	75	95	1,110
Not married and not living common law	343,690	338,145	3,755	475	1,315	3,995
Never married	234,625	231,870	1,860	395	500	2,050
Separated	18,865	18,580	210	15	60	220
Divorced	45,960	45,135	635	30	165	650
Widowed	44,240	42,560	1,055	40	590	1,075
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	857,295	839,110	12,110	1,200	4,880	12,710
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,540	805,255	11,935	1,110	4,240	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	49,560	51,275	39,633	18,142	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,232	38,390	41,112	29,659	15,808	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,650	805,365	11,940	1,105	4,245	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	41,042	42,756	33,777	16,958	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,494	34,607	37,078	27,947	15,647	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	735,750	11,140	1,015	2,565	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	48,617	47,598	39,254	20,042	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,791	36,911	37,261	30,736	15,258	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,495	536,850	8,280	770	3,595	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,709	9,858	5,331	7,113	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,285	5,234	10,274	1,913	2,286	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	625,760	8,290	910	1,985	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	46,898	50,127	38,746	22,682	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,579	36,634	41,538	30,903	18,600	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.5	89.6	86.7	90.1	66.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	73.4	73.5	67.9	80.1	58.5	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	10.5	10.4	13.3	9.4	33.2	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	857,300	839,110	12,105	1,205	4,875	12,705
Without total income	34,760	33,855	170	95	640	215
With total income	822,540	805,255	11,940	1,105	4,240	12,490
Percentage with total income	95.9	96.0	98.6	91.7	87.0	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	106,475	103,715	980	250	1,540	1,100
$10,000 to $19,999	117,515	114,360	1,715	155	1,285	1,790
$20,000 to $29,999	108,425	105,820	1,785	155	665	1,860
$30,000 to $39,999	95,735	93,905	1,330	125	375	1,390
$40,000 to $49,999	88,580	87,015	1,275	105	185	1,330
$50,000 to $59,999	70,625	69,415	1,035	110	60	1,095
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	52,875	890	50	40	915
$70,000 to $79,999	41,680	40,850	765	35	30	780
$80,000 to $89,999	34,295	33,710	550	10	25	555
$90,000 to $99,999	26,075	25,585	450	25	0	470
$100,000 and over	79,280	78,000	1,150	90	35	1,200
$100,000 to $149,999	56,155	55,270	775	70	35	810
$150,000 and over	23,125	22,730	380	20	0	385
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	857,295	839,110	12,105	1,205	4,880	12,710
Without after-tax income	34,645	33,740	170	95	640	215
With after-tax income	822,655	805,370	11,940	1,105	4,240	12,495
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.0	98.6	91.7	86.9	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	109,055	106,255	1,020	245	1,540	1,140
$10,000 to $19,999	123,005	119,715	1,805	160	1,320	1,890
$20,000 to $29,999	125,990	123,065	1,990	190	745	2,085
$30,000 to $39,999	119,175	116,975	1,695	120	380	1,755
$40,000 to $49,999	102,525	100,715	1,540	165	110	1,620
$50,000 to $59,999	74,100	72,760	1,215	60	65	1,250
$60,000 to $69,999	53,960	53,010	890	30	30	905
$70,000 to $79,999	38,290	37,580	645	45	25	660
$80,000 and over	76,555	75,290	1,140	90	30	1,185
$80,000 to $89,999	24,775	24,345	375	40	15	395
$90,000 to $99,999	16,360	16,100	235	20	0	245
$100,000 and over	35,415	34,850	540	25	10	550
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	857,295	839,110	12,105	1,205	4,875	12,710
Without employment income	220,350	213,350	3,820	290	2,890	3,965
With employment income	636,950	625,760	8,290	915	1,985	8,745
Percentage with employment income	74.3	74.6	68.5	75.9	40.7	68.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,240	80,665	1,125	170	285	1,205
$5,000 to $9,999	46,410	45,565	530	80	230	570
$10,000 to $19,999	77,230	75,785	810	100	535	865
$20,000 to $29,999	68,615	67,415	705	95	395	750
$30,000 to $39,999	66,425	65,150	870	150	260	945
$40,000 to $49,999	61,125	60,225	680	85	140	720
$50,000 to $59,999	51,580	50,770	710	55	35	740
$60,000 to $69,999	39,525	38,870	570	40	35	595
$70,000 to $79,999	32,140	31,545	555	20	25	565
$80,000 and over	111,660	109,770	1,725	120	45	1,785
$80,000 to $89,999	28,130	27,590	505	15	20	515
$90,000 to $99,999	21,655	21,310	305	35	0	325
$100,000 and over	61,875	60,870	920	70	20	955
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	857,295	839,110	12,105	1,200	4,880	12,705
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	302,775	298,040	3,950	260	530	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	55,368	55,343	62,339	41,226	29,802	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	64,855	64,877	68,230	52,656	32,627	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	1,070,560	1,048,035	13,235	1,920	7,365	14,200
English only	1,011,560	1,011,555	0	0	0	0
French only	610	0	610	0	0	610
English and French	50,715	36,180	12,620	1,925	0	13,580
Neither English nor French	7,675	300	0	0	7,365	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	1,070,560	1,048,040	13,235	1,925	7,365	14,195
English	958,415	949,445	8,975	0	0	8,970
French	3,660	225	3,440	0	0	3,440
Non-official language	75,315	66,440	225	1,285	7,365	865
Aboriginal	16,570	16,285	15	15	255	20
Non-Aboriginal	58,740	50,150	210	1,270	7,110	845
English and French	1,130	420	375	335	0	545
English and non-official language	31,385	31,340	45	0	0	40
French and non-official language	145	10	130	0	0	130
English, French and non-official language	505	155	45	305	0	200
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	1,070,555	1,048,040	13,235	1,925	7,365	14,200
None	975,535	959,690	8,080	1,145	6,615	8,655
English	38,860	36,130	1,760	540	430	2,030
French	9,130	6,150	2,940	40	0	2,960
Non-official language	45,485	44,795	255	125	315	310
Aboriginal	13,460	13,450	10	0	10	15
Non-Aboriginal	32,025	31,345	245	125	315	305
English and French	125	30	45	60	0	70
English and non-official language	925	830	75	10	10	85
French and non-official language	485	395	80	10	0	85
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	1,070,555	1,048,035	13,240	1,920	7,365	14,195
English	888,735	888,690	45	0	0	45
French	14,360	1,830	12,525	0	0	12,525
Non-official language	150,135	140,860	380	1,535	7,360	1,145
Aboriginal	28,150	27,850	15	20	255	30
Non-Aboriginal	121,990	113,010	355	1,515	7,105	1,120
English and French	1,885	1,565	60	265	0	190
English and non-official language	14,940	14,930	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	255	60	200	0	0	195
English, French and non-official language	255	105	20	125	0	85
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	1,070,555	1,048,040	13,235	1,920	7,360	14,195
Official languages	1,062,885	1,047,735	13,225	1,925	0	14,190
English	1,062,275	1,047,735	12,620	1,925	0	13,580
French	51,325	36,180	13,230	1,925	0	14,190
Non-official languages	187,450	176,840	1,570	1,685	7,365	2,405
Aboriginal languages	38,110	37,765	65	25	255	75
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	139,190	1,510	1,665	7,110	2,340
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	1,070,560	1,048,035	13,235	1,925	7,365	14,200
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	175,020	173,300	1,360	45	305	1,385
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	172,810	171,105	1,345	50	305	1,370
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	114,570	114,205	110	15	245	120
Métis	57,875	56,550	1,230	35	65	1,245
Inuk (Inuit)	360	355	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	1,305	1,290	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	905	900	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	874,740	11,875	1,870	7,055	12,815
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	1,070,555	1,048,040	13,235	1,925	7,365	14,200
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	110,365	110,025	90	20	235	100
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	938,015	13,145	1,905	7,130	14,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	1,070,560	1,048,040	13,235	1,925	7,360	14,195
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	98,315	97,805	205	30	280	215
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	94,565	94,065	190	30	280	210
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	84,015	83,705	50	10	250	60
Métis single ancestry	10,470	10,290	135	20	30	140
Inuit single ancestry	85	75	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	3,750	3,740	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,645	3,630	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	65	70	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	79,035	77,510	1,450	50	25	1,475
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	72,560	71,130	1,375	40	20	1,390
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	36,245	385	30	15	400
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,550	34,545	985	10	0	995
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	335	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	6,475	6,385	80	10	10	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,350	6,265	70	0	10	75
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	75	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	893,205	872,715	11,585	1,845	7,055	12,505
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	1,070,555	1,048,040	13,235	1,920	7,360	14,200
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	998,035	981,345	12,450	1,310	2,925	13,105
Canadian citizens only	983,320	967,385	12,190	1,050	2,695	12,710
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	14,715	13,960	265	265	235	395
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	72,525	66,690	785	610	4,435	1,095
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	1,070,555	1,048,035	13,235	1,925	7,360	14,200
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	945,810	931,695	11,720	655	1,740	12,050
Immigrants^Footnote 42	112,490	104,745	1,330	1,130	5,285	1,890
Before 1981	16,650	16,230	160	75	180	200
1981 to 1990	5,550	5,275	65	40	170	85
1991 to 2000	9,315	8,680	150	110	380	205
2001 to 2010	33,045	30,995	450	555	1,040	730
2001 to 2005	8,675	8,020	165	205	280	265
2006 to 2010	24,370	22,970	290	350	765	465
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	47,935	43,575	505	350	3,515	675
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	12,255	11,595	190	135	340	255
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	112,495	104,745	1,330	1,130	5,290	1,890
Under 5 years	12,060	11,205	175	215	465	280
5 to 14 years	21,295	20,270	250	245	530	375
15 to 24 years	19,295	18,470	220	200	410	320
25 to 44 years	50,950	48,045	590	435	1,870	810
45 years and over	8,895	6,750	90	35	2,010	110
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	112,495	104,745	1,325	1,130	5,290	1,890
Americas	10,765	10,355	60	105	245	110
Brazil	185	165	10	15	0	15
Colombia	555	490	15	30	20	30
El Salvador	630	560	0	10	65	10
Guyana	160	160	0	0	0	0
Haiti	65	55	0	0	0	10
Jamaica	815	820	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,335	1,205	0	10	120	0
Peru	165	155	0	15	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	215	210	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	4,845	4,810	30	0	0	30
Other places of birth in Americas	1,800	1,730	10	25	35	20
Europe	23,635	22,880	275	235	245	390
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	445	0	0	10	0
Croatia	445	440	0	0	0	0
France	215	45	170	10	0	170
Germany	2,575	2,520	10	35	10	25
Greece	605	585	0	10	0	10
Hungary	395	395	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	845	840	0	0	0	0
Italy	570	555	0	0	10	0
Netherlands	1,220	1,200	0	15	0	10
Poland	1,390	1,380	0	0	10	0
Portugal	220	195	10	10	10	10
Romania	700	650	10	15	20	20
Russian Federation	800	760	10	20	20	15
Serbia^Footnote 49	585	550	0	25	10	15
Ukraine	3,280	3,100	0	50	135	25
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	7,020	7,010	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	2,210	65	35	0	85
Africa	10,290	8,655	900	325	405	1,065
Algeria	50	0	40	10	0	45
Egypt	435	380	15	20	15	25
Ethiopia	635	615	0	0	25	0
Kenya	430	430	0	0	0	0
Morocco	175	45	65	70	0	100
Nigeria	1,700	1,695	0	0	0	0
Somalia	635	575	0	10	60	10
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	1,760	10	0	0	15
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	3,165	765	215	305	875
Asia	67,120	62,170	95	470	4,390	325
Afghanistan	520	460	0	10	45	10
Bangladesh	2,575	2,435	0	60	90	25
China^Footnote 51	7,485	5,760	20	60	1,645	50
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	770	715	0	0	50	0
India	9,630	9,235	0	50	335	30
Iran^Footnote 53	790	715	0	15	55	0
Iraq	1,180	995	10	10	155	15
Japan	265	260	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	1,120	1,005	0	10	105	10
Lebanon	250	180	30	10	30	35
Pakistan	6,860	6,570	0	60	220	35
Philippines	26,860	26,730	0	60	70	35
Sri Lanka	440	435	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	1,155	355	0	15	785	10
Taiwan	185	175	0	0	15	0
Viet Nam	2,620	2,170	10	30	410	25
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	3,975	10	55	380	40
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	680	680	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	47,935	43,575	505	350	3,510	680
Americas	2,325	2,195	0	10	125	0
Brazil	50	45	0	0	0	0
Colombia	120	105	0	10	0	0
Cuba	35	35	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	405	405	0	0	0	0
Mexico	435	370	0	0	70	0
United States^Footnote 58	750	740	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	35	35	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	490	445	0	0	45	0
Europe	4,860	4,625	65	60	115	90
France	50	0	55	0	0	55
Germany	190	180	0	10	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 60	525	520	0	10	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	100	90	0	10	0	0
Romania	90	80	0	0	10	0
Russian Federation	220	205	0	10	10	0
Ukraine	1,320	1,225	0	15	85	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	855	850	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	1,480	10	10	10	15
Africa	4,405	3,480	410	160	350	485
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	70	40	25	0	0	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	250	145	70	10	20	75
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	15	0	0	0
Egypt	155	130	0	10	15	10
Eritrea	305	230	0	0	80	0
Ethiopia	190	175	0	0	10	0
Morocco	85	15	25	45	0	50
Nigeria	1,040	1,035	0	0	0	0
Somalia	300	260	0	10	35	10
South Africa, Republic of	550	545	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	80	10	40	20	15	50
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	895	220	70	175	255
Asia	36,205	33,125	30	125	2,920	95
Afghanistan	125	120	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	1,500	1,415	0	10	75	10
China^Footnote 63	3,340	2,230	10	10	1,100	15
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	75	55	0	10	15	0
India	6,150	5,975	10	10	170	0
Iran^Footnote 65	325	270	0	10	45	0
Iraq	405	335	10	0	55	0
Israel	95	75	0	15	0	10
Japan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	475	405	0	10	60	10
Lebanon	80	40	10	0	30	10
Nepal	230	200	0	0	40	0
Pakistan	3,460	3,315	0	10	140	10
Philippines	16,615	16,560	0	15	40	10
Saudi Arabia	125	125	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	145	145	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	1,105	305	0	15	785	10
Taiwan	60	55	0	0	0	0
Turkey	80	75	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	85	85	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	855	640	0	10	210	10
Other places of birth in Asia	820	670	0	10	145	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	150	150	0	0	0	0
Australia	85	85	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	65	65	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	1,070,555	1,048,035	13,235	1,925	7,360	14,200
First generation^Footnote 71	127,720	119,230	1,560	1,280	5,655	2,200
Second generation^Footnote 72	129,255	126,175	1,355	420	1,300	1,565
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	813,580	802,635	10,320	220	405	10,435
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	96,745	89,380	1,180	1,060	5,125	1,715
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	66,935	63,725	565	630	2,010	885
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	26,475	25,270	240	205	765	340
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	40,460	38,460	330	425	1,245	540
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	16,835	15,245	195	170	1,220	280
Refugees^Footnote 79	12,625	10,120	390	240	1,880	505
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	350	285	30	20	15	40
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	1,070,560	1,048,035	13,235	1,920	7,360	14,200
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	115,870	107,005	1,365	1,255	6,245	1,995
South Asian^Footnote 83	29,960	28,240	60	325	1,335	225
Chinese	15,540	13,310	15	145	2,070	90
Black	14,925	13,435	895	150	450	965
Filipino	32,345	32,090	10	85	155	50
Latin American	4,190	3,845	50	110	195	100
Arab	4,300	2,880	175	160	1,085	260
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	5,740	5,100	35	80	525	75
West Asian^Footnote 85	2,065	1,860	15	55	135	40
Korean	1,880	1,695	0	25	155	15
Japanese	955	935	0	0	20	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	1,150	950	80	70	45	120
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	2,820	2,665	40	40	80	55
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	954,680	941,035	11,870	665	1,115	12,200
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	1,070,555	1,048,040	13,235	1,920	7,365	14,195
North American Aboriginal origins	177,350	175,320	1,655	75	305	1,690
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,885	130,035	520	50	275	550
Inuit	645	635	10	0	0	15
Métis	56,090	54,810	1,205	35	45	1,220
Other North American origins	230,620	225,505	4,760	180	170	4,845
Acadian	485	365	120	0	0	120
American	13,455	13,305	145	0	0	150
Canadian	220,960	216,090	4,520	180	175	4,605
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	125	130	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Québécois	245	150	95	0	0	95
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	90	85	0	0	0	0
European origins	759,080	747,480	10,070	705	825	10,420
British Isles origins	427,740	425,860	1,690	135	45	1,755
Channel Islander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	35	35	0	0	0	0
English	253,205	252,435	645	95	30	690
Irish	155,725	154,875	800	45	10	820
Manx	250	250	0	0	0	0
Scottish	193,330	192,785	495	30	25	505
Welsh	17,790	17,745	35	0	10	35
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	16,095	16,040	45	10	0	50
French origins	125,805	116,170	9,370	245	25	9,495
Alsatian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Breton	25	0	20	0	0	15
Corsican	20	0	10	0	0	10
French	125,775	116,150	9,355	245	30	9,480
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	335,145	1,165	175	230	1,250
Austrian	17,565	17,525	25	10	0	30
Bavarian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Belgian	9,655	9,090	535	25	0	550
Dutch	36,230	36,035	125	40	25	145
Flemish	805	800	0	0	0	10
Frisian	65	70	0	0	0	0
German	296,385	295,595	475	110	200	530
Luxembourger	500	495	0	0	0	0
Swiss	4,710	4,635	60	15	0	65
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	35	35	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,990	115,860	90	25	15	105
Danish	11,530	11,515	0	15	0	10
Finnish	5,400	5,395	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	8,255	8,240	15	0	0	15
Norwegian	68,645	68,595	35	10	10	40
Swedish	32,820	32,780	25	10	0	25
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	3,530	3,515	15	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	243,055	241,925	410	280	440	550
Bulgarian	355	340	0	0	10	0
Byelorussian	290	270	0	10	10	10
Czech	4,960	4,945	10	10	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	2,765	2,760	10	0	0	0
Estonian	265	265	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	27,885	27,810	55	15	0	60
Latvian	530	530	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	1,050	1,040	10	0	10	0
Moldovan	345	285	10	20	25	20
Polish	59,955	59,725	125	55	45	155
Romanian	12,730	12,645	30	25	35	45
Russian	39,390	39,125	75	60	130	105
Slovak	1,390	1,395	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	143,700	143,100	130	160	300	210
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	250	250	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	27,415	26,745	345	165	160	425
Albanian	605	585	0	0	15	0
Bosnian	515	510	0	0	10	0
Catalan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Croatian	2,570	2,515	25	10	15	30
Cypriot	40	40	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,875	2,835	20	20	10	25
Italian	11,310	11,075	185	30	20	195
Kosovar	30	30	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	110	95	0	10	10	10
Maltese	125	130	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	80	75	0	10	0	0
Portuguese	1,885	1,830	15	20	15	25
Serbian	1,300	1,265	0	30	10	10
Sicilian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	635	635	0	0	0	0
Spanish	5,670	5,400	130	60	75	160
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,060	1,060	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	35	35	0	0	10	0
Other European origins	3,880	3,800	25	35	15	50
Basque	55	50	0	0	0	10
Jewish	1,720	1,655	10	35	15	25
Roma (Gypsy)	160	160	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	200	200	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	1,755	1,740	15	0	0	15
Caribbean origins	3,810	3,755	40	15	0	50
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	110	100	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	180	175	0	0	0	0
Dominican	120	120	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	110	100	15	0	0	10
Jamaican	2,250	2,235	10	10	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	50	50	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	410	410	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	25	30	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	355	355	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	190	175	0	0	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	6,230	65	155	250	145
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	275	10	10	10	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	160	140	0	10	15	0
Belizean	55	50	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	310	285	10	15	0	15
Chilean	865	830	10	10	10	15
Colombian	700	605	15	50	30	40
Costa Rican	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	100	95	0	10	0	0
Guatemalan	270	250	0	0	25	0
Guyanese	185	185	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	125	125	0	0	0	0
Honduran	95	95	0	0	0	0
Maya	140	135	0	0	0	0
Mexican	2,120	1,975	10	10	125	15
Nicaraguan	145	140	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	10	0	0	0	10
Paraguayan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	295	265	0	15	10	0
Salvadorean	760	695	10	20	45	15
Uruguayan	60	55	10	0	0	10
Venezuelan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	325	300	0	20	0	10
African origins	16,165	14,315	1,035	290	530	1,180
Central and West African origins	4,440	3,895	450	25	70	465
Akan	120	110	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0	10	0	0
Ashanti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	25	25	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	200	75	115	10	0	120
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	530	290	215	10	10	225
Edo	40	40	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	555	530	10	0	20	10
Guinean	25	20	0	0	0	10
Ibo	485	485	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	80	0	80	0	0	80
Liberian	85	80	0	0	0	0
Malian	30	20	10	0	0	10
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,710	1,710	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	10	0	10	0	10
Sierra Leonean	40	35	0	0	10	0
Togolese	60	50	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	520	515	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	235	185	25	0	20	30
North African origins	2,185	1,825	170	115	75	230
Algerian	65	35	35	0	0	35
Berber	60	10	30	10	0	35
Coptic	35	35	0	0	0	0
Dinka	35	35	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	535	500	10	15	10	20
Libyan	205	200	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	225	90	60	65	0	95
Sudanese	935	885	0	0	35	10
Tunisian	105	20	50	20	20	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	40	30	10	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins	6,320	5,560	295	120	340	355
Afrikaner	60	60	0	0	0	0
Amhara	15	20	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	40	25	10	0	0	10
Burundian	300	65	140	60	40	170
Djiboutian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,130	955	0	0	175	0
Ethiopian	675	670	0	0	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	190	180	10	0	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	200	120	40	40	0	55
Oromo	140	135	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	75	35	35	0	0	40
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,275	1,160	0	0	105	0
South African	1,300	1,285	0	10	10	10
Tanzanian	50	55	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	45	50	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	85	90	0	0	0	0
Zambian	190	185	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	255	220	35	0	0	35
Zulu	35	35	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	540	505	30	0	10	30
Other African origins	3,600	3,335	190	35	45	210
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	350	335	10	0	0	15
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	3,290	3,025	190	30	45	205
Asian origins	99,120	92,325	370	890	5,545	810
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,420	7,835	150	170	1,260	235
Afghan	780	670	10	45	50	35
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,170	1,000	15	40	115	35
Armenian	240	230	0	0	10	0
Assyrian	210	205	0	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	50	50	0	0	0	0
Georgian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Hazara	30	20	0	0	10	0
Iranian	1,340	1,240	10	25	75	15
Iraqi	1,290	1,115	10	10	160	10
Israeli	120	115	0	0	10	0
Jordanian	75	70	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	35	35	0	0	0	0
Kurd	200	180	0	0	20	0
Kuwaiti	10	15	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	30	30	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,360	1,225	95	15	20	100
Palestinian	120	120	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	175	175	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	110	105	0	0	0	0
Syrian	1,365	575	0	20	770	15
Tajik	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tatar	60	50	0	0	0	0
Turk	855	785	40	20	0	50
Turkmen	20	20	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	70	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	40	45	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	270	215	0	10	45	10
South Asian origins	29,830	28,040	160	350	1,280	330
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,910	0	55	75	30
Bengali	600	545	0	30	25	15
Bhutanese	205	125	0	0	75	0
East Indian	18,690	17,695	130	165	700	215
Goan	45	50	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	195	195	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	110	110	0	0	0	0
Nepali	560	445	0	0	115	0
Pakistani	6,255	5,925	20	65	245	50
Punjabi	1,425	1,355	0	0	70	0
Sinhalese	65	55	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	520	510	0	0	10	10
Tamil	120	120	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	1,075	995	0	30	50	15
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,015	56,600	65	360	2,990	245
Burmese	465	380	0	0	80	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	310	305	0	0	10	0
Chinese	19,080	16,750	25	170	2,130	110
Filipino	33,630	33,355	10	95	170	50
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	225	205	0	15	0	10
Japanese	1,225	1,200	0	10	15	0
Karen	585	500	0	0	85	0
Korean	2,025	1,835	10	25	155	15
Laotian	710	695	0	10	0	10
Malaysian	160	155	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	205	190	10	10	0	10
Singaporean	10	15	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	265	260	0	0	10	0
Thai	415	405	0	0	15	0
Tibetan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,685	3,250	15	50	370	45
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	95	95	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	735	675	0	10	45	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	735	675	0	10	45	0
Oceania origins	1,430	1,425	10	0	0	10
Australian	885	885	0	0	0	10
New Zealander	265	270	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	305	305	0	0	0	0
Fijian	110	110	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Maori	40	40	0	0	0	0
Samoan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	25	30	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	65	60	0	0	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	857,295	839,110	12,110	1,200	4,875	12,710
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,205	172,295	2,125	185	2,595	2,220
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	261,210	256,775	3,020	315	1,095	3,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	410,035	6,960	705	1,190	7,305
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	87,590	1,525	105	220	1,580
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	38,045	37,140	730	40	130	750
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	51,390	50,450	800	60	90	825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	143,885	2,365	115	395	2,425
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	27,515	485	45	145	510
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,475	151,045	2,575	430	420	2,790
Bachelor's degree	112,760	110,500	1,725	225	305	1,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	7,375	185	45	30	215
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	4,760	40	10	20	45
Master's degree	24,370	23,695	520	95	65	570
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	4,880	4,715	100	55	0	125
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	857,295	839,110	12,105	1,205	4,880	12,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	438,420	429,075	5,150	500	3,690	5,400
Education	40,990	39,720	1,125	50	95	1,150
13. Education	40,990	39,725	1,125	50	100	1,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	8,670	150	20	35	160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,990	30	0	0	25
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	6,680	120	20	35	130
Humanities	15,400	14,945	305	60	90	335
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,025	895	55	25	55	70
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	3,135	35	0	0	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	3,035	40	10	10	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	35	35	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,175	1,140	30	10	10	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,695	4,650	40	0	0	45
54. History	1,760	1,720	20	10	10	25
55. French language and literature/letters	420	340	80	10	10	80
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	29,800	535	75	85	575
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	745	0	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	2,005	50	0	0	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	6,625	135	20	25	145
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	5,305	70	10	25	75
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	465	450	10	0	0	10
42. Psychology	5,550	5,475	75	10	0	75
45. Social sciences	9,450	9,200	185	40	25	210
Business, management and public administration	85,800	84,105	1,220	155	315	1,295
30.16 Accounting and computer science	235	235	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,255	8,140	95	15	0	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	75,730	1,125	140	315	1,195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,450	11,200	165	60	30	200
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	5,540	75	40	15	95
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	1,390	10	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	100	95	0	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	3,240	3,155	55	15	10	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	1,015	25	0	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	11,515	140	0	30	145
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	9,285	70	10	25	70
25. Library science	990	955	35	0	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	1,115	25	0	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	170	160	10	0	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	91,120	1,570	165	285	1,655
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	1,475	35	0	15	30
14. Engineering	14,090	13,690	225	85	100	265
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	13,540	200	20	30	210
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,650	24,140	400	40	70	425
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,775	500	20	45	505
48. Precision production	12,765	12,505	215	0	30	225
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,660	16,340	275	10	35	280
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	13,320	220	0	35	225
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,070	3,020	55	0	0	55
Health and related fields	74,750	73,545	1,070	50	85	1,095
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	4,275	60	10	10	60
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	67,975	995	35	80	1,015
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	1,295	15	10	10	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	29,035	405	45	105	420
12. Personal and culinary services	18,455	18,145	190	30	85	205
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	15	0	0	15
43. Security and protective services	5,070	4,965	100	0	0	100
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,755	95	0	20	95
Other	40	40	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	40	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	857,295	839,110	12,105	1,205	4,880	12,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	429,075	5,150	505	3,690	5,400
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	418,880	410,030	6,960	700	1,185	7,305
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	359,880	6,360	310	75	6,510
Same as province or territory of residence	293,450	289,270	3,985	145	60	4,055
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	70,610	2,375	160	20	2,460
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	52,260	50,155	600	395	1,115	795
United States^Footnote 130	7,230	7,145	65	20	0	70
Philippines	13,980	13,965	0	10	10	0
India	6,215	6,160	0	0	50	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	3,255	3,205	30	15	0	40
China^Footnote 132	2,730	2,100	10	0	615	15
France	220	50	160	10	0	165
Other	18,630	17,525	335	325	440	495
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	857,300	839,110	12,105	1,200	4,880	not applicable ...
In the labour force	585,535	575,590	7,355	880	1,710	not applicable ...
Employed	544,090	534,865	6,955	775	1,490	not applicable ...
Unemployed	41,445	40,725	400	100	215	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	271,760	263,520	4,750	325	3,170	not applicable ...
Participation rate	68.3	68.6	60.8	73.3	35.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	63.5	63.7	57.5	64.6	30.5	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.1	5.4	11.4	12.6	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	857,295	839,110	12,105	1,200	4,875	12,705
Did not work^Footnote 135	242,835	235,195	4,210	325	3,105	4,370
Worked	614,460	603,915	7,895	885	1,770	8,340
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	313,950	308,970	4,135	285	565	4,275
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	300,510	294,945	3,760	595	1,205	4,060
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.6	42.9	38.3	38.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	633,325	622,250	8,180	945	1,950	8,655
a.Management	86,410	84,785	1,360	50	220	1,385
00 Senior management occupations	5,150	5,050	80	0	15	80
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	17,020	16,635	340	20	25	350
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	21,010	20,720	160	0	130	160
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	43,225	42,380	780	15	50	790
b.Professional	90,965	89,120	1,600	165	80	1,680
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	14,260	14,010	185	35	35	200
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	14,305	14,080	185	25	15	200
30 Professional occupations in nursing	11,900	11,745	145	0	0	140
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	7,910	7,800	90	10	10	95
40 Professional occupations in education services	24,365	23,600	680	70	15	715
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	14,115	13,895	185	20	10	195
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	4,110	3,980	125	10	0	130
c.Technical and paraprofessional	52,490	51,570	745	110	60	800
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	15,680	15,455	190	20	10	200
32 Technical occupations in health	11,470	11,290	150	15	15	160
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	12,070	11,840	170	60	0	200
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	4,430	4,310	110	10	0	115
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,835	8,680	120	0	25	120
d.Administration and administrative support	74,835	73,720	955	110	55	1,005
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	30,090	29,620	400	50	15	425
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	7,545	7,430	105	10	10	110
14 Office support occupations	25,925	25,495	370	40	20	390
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	11,275	11,175	75	10	15	85
e.Sales	56,360	55,715	450	95	100	500
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	11,025	10,875	120	20	0	130
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	24,590	24,320	195	35	35	215
66 Sales support occupations	20,750	20,520	130	35	60	150
f.Personal and customer information services	114,500	112,050	1,210	225	1,025	1,320
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	13,370	13,210	135	20	10	145
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	15,995	15,675	280	10	30	285
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	19,335	18,765	145	50	375	170
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	27,125	26,685	320	40	80	340
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	38,680	37,715	335	100	530	385
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	58,735	57,670	785	120	155	845
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	38,405	37,645	525	90	140	565
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	20,330	20,020	265	35	15	280
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	49,285	48,610	530	45	110	550
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	7,945	7,880	55	0	0	55
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	30,170	29,725	380	25	40	390
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	11,175	11,005	100	10	60	100
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	32,255	31,760	395	15	80	405
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	8,065	8,000	60	0	0	65
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	17,365	17,060	245	10	45	250
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	6,830	6,700	90	0	35	90
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,495	17,250	160	10	70	170
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	6,225	6,165	65	10	0	60
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	4,345	4,280	30	10	30	30
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	2,370	2,330	25	10	10	30
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	4,550	4,475	35	0	35	40
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	633,325	622,245	8,185	945	1,950	8,655
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	56,680	55,635	970	10	65	975
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	54,110	53,085	955	10	60	955
113 Forestry and logging	765	755	10	0	10	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	215	215	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	1,590	1,580	15	0	0	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	24,565	24,215	315	25	15	320
211 Oil and gas extraction	4,110	4,080	25	0	0	25
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	11,035	10,830	180	20	10	185
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	9,420	9,295	110	10	10	110
22 Utilities	5,655	5,610	45	10	0	45
221 Utilities	5,655	5,610	45	0	0	45
23 Construction	54,095	53,145	690	85	175	730
236 Construction of buildings	15,055	14,705	245	45	55	270
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	8,390	8,285	65	0	25	70
238 Specialty trade contractors	30,650	30,150	375	35	95	390
31-33 Manufacturing	28,495	27,985	310	50	145	340
311 Food manufacturing	5,445	5,360	40	15	25	50
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	445	445	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	45	45	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	270	270	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	285	250	0	0	35	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	45	40	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,595	1,570	10	10	10	15
322 Paper manufacturing	370	370	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	770	745	0	0	20	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	1,870	1,860	10	0	0	15
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,370	1,360	10	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	770	750	10	0	0	15
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,330	1,290	30	10	10	30
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,495	1,470	15	0	0	20
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	3,565	3,515	30	10	10	30
333 Machinery manufacturing	4,150	4,060	70	0	15	75
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	655	650	10	0	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	535	530	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,245	1,205	30	0	0	35
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,110	1,085	20	0	0	20
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,135	1,120	0	10	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	21,640	21,335	225	25	55	240
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	1,515	1,495	20	0	0	15
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	825	820	0	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,345	2,325	15	0	0	15
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	780	765	10	0	10	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,565	1,560	10	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,265	3,230	30	0	0	25
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	7,350	7,215	90	20	25	100
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	3,410	3,340	55	0	15	55
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	580	580	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	70,800	70,020	525	105	155	575
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	10,170	10,085	75	0	0	75
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	2,135	2,105	15	0	10	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	2,330	2,280	30	15	0	35
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	5,920	5,870	50	0	10	50
445 Food and beverage stores	15,990	15,805	90	30	70	100
446 Health and personal care stores	6,065	6,010	40	10	0	45
447 Gasoline stations	5,565	5,525	30	0	10	30
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	5,890	5,815	40	30	10	55
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,730	2,720	0	0	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	8,555	8,435	80	15	20	90
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	3,650	3,600	30	0	10	35
454 Non-store retailers	1,800	1,765	35	0	0	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	26,755	26,380	325	30	20	340
481 Air transportation	900	865	35	0	0	35
482 Rail transportation	2,040	2,035	10	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	45	45	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	11,080	10,925	150	10	10	150
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	3,545	3,490	40	10	10	40
486 Pipeline transportation	440	440	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	35	35	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	2,375	2,315	50	0	0	50
491 Postal service	2,675	2,630	35	0	10	40
492 Couriers and messengers	1,925	1,915	0	10	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	1,690	1,685	10	0	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	10,810	10,645	130	20	15	135
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,540	1,515	20	0	0	20
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	890	880	10	0	0	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,230	1,170	50	0	10	50
517 Telecommunications	5,065	5,020	40	0	10	35
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	210	205	0	10	0	10
519 Other information services	1,880	1,855	15	10	0	20
52 Finance and insurance	21,335	21,020	280	35	0	295
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	10,115	9,925	180	10	0	185
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,380	2,340	30	10	0	35
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	8,540	8,460	70	15	0	75
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	300	295	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,530	8,410	75	25	25	85
531 Real estate	7,080	6,980	60	10	20	70
532 Rental and leasing services	1,400	1,370	15	15	0	15
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	55	55	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	27,725	27,285	365	20	50	375
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	27,720	27,285	365	20	50	375
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,455	1,425	15	10	10	20
551 Management of companies and enterprises	1,450	1,425	15	0	10	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	19,075	18,665	220	30	160	235
561 Administrative and support services	17,045	16,680	195	30	145	210
562 Waste management and remediation services	2,025	1,985	25	0	15	25
61 Educational services	50,075	48,780	1,110	130	50	1,175
611 Educational services	50,070	48,785	1,110	125	50	1,175
62 Health care and social assistance	78,435	77,360	890	115	70	950
621 Ambulatory health care services	17,320	17,065	210	25	20	220
622 Hospitals	29,405	29,065	310	20	10	315
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	16,165	15,975	150	20	20	160
624 Social assistance	15,555	15,255	215	55	20	245
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	12,385	12,195	185	0	10	185
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	2,855	2,775	80	0	0	80
712 Heritage institutions	1,290	1,275	20	0	0	20
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	8,240	8,150	80	0	10	80
72 Accommodation and food services	43,715	42,445	390	110	760	445
721 Accommodation services	8,310	8,015	135	40	125	150
722 Food services and drinking places	35,405	34,435	260	75	635	300
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,585	27,980	370	70	160	405
811 Repair and maintenance	10,890	10,690	110	35	55	125
812 Personal and laundry services	8,075	7,900	80	25	70	95
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	7,935	7,750	160	15	10	170
814 Private households	1,680	1,640	15	0	20	15
91 Public administration	42,515	41,700	745	55	20	770
911 Federal government public administration	11,870	11,385	460	20	0	465
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	14,615	14,410	180	15	10	190
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	13,460	13,340	105	10	0	115
914 Aboriginal public administration	2,555	2,550	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	25	20	0	10	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	544,090	534,865	6,955	775	1,495	7,340
Worked at home	59,380	58,210	1,040	25	110	1,055
Worked outside Canada	845	780	15	0	45	15
No fixed workplace address	68,510	67,430	860	75	140	900
Worked at usual place	415,355	408,445	5,045	670	1,200	5,380
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	633,325	622,245	8,180	945	1,950	8,655
English	624,555	616,060	6,865	800	820	7,265
French	1,995	825	1,090	75	0	1,130
Non-official language	3,915	2,875	20	10	1,020	20
Aboriginal	1,540	1,535	0	0	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	2,375	1,345	15	0	1,015	15
English and French	650	405	195	45	0	220
English and non-official language	2,190	2,070	0	10	110	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	15	10	0	10
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	633,325	622,245	8,185	945	1,950	8,655
None	613,950	605,725	6,000	720	1,510	6,355
English	3,515	2,570	750	40	160	770
French	3,795	2,295	1,395	105	10	1,445
Non-official language	11,880	11,510	20	75	275	55
Aboriginal	4,590	4,585	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,295	6,925	20	75	275	60
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	170	145	20	10	0	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	408,445	5,040	670	1,200	5,380
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,880	283,685	3,520	570	1,105	3,800
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,425	88,195	1,115	65	50	1,145
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	27,630	350	30	30	365
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	8,935	60	10	10	65
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	483,865	475,875	5,900	750	1,340	6,275
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	396,285	4,875	520	735	5,130
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	27,315	255	100	290	310
Public transit	13,825	13,440	200	40	150	215
Walked	27,120	26,505	410	65	145	445
Bicycle	5,475	5,370	90	20	0	100
Other method	7,075	6,970	75	10	20	75
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	483,865	475,875	5,900	750	1,335	6,275
Less than 15 minutes	212,530	209,160	2,575	250	540	2,695
15 to 29 minutes	179,155	176,010	2,195	365	590	2,375
30 to 44 minutes	53,340	52,500	610	90	140	660
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	17,320	255	10	45	260
60 minutes and over	21,205	20,875	270	40	20	290
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	483,870	475,875	5,900	750	1,335	6,280
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	29,180	385	30	35	395
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	87,190	990	80	155	1,025
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	156,345	2,025	240	265	2,145
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,060	99,190	1,525	155	190	1,605
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	40,810	400	120	410	465
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,145	63,160	575	125	280	640
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	1,055,820	1,033,945	13,150	1,890	6,840	14,095
Non-movers	905,630	888,815	11,335	1,370	4,115	12,020
Movers	150,190	145,130	1,815	525	2,725	2,075
Non-migrants	89,000	87,210	840	340	615	1,010
Migrants	61,185	57,920	975	180	2,110	1,065
Internal migrants	49,935	48,910	735	100	185	790
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	35,445	370	35	115	385
Interprovincial migrants	13,965	13,460	375	70	65	405
External migrants	11,255	9,010	240	75	1,930	275
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	998,195	977,995	12,830	1,810	5,565	13,735
Non-movers	602,890	592,815	7,940	670	1,465	8,270
Movers	395,310	385,180	4,890	1,140	4,100	5,460
Non-migrants	201,450	198,485	1,810	445	715	2,035
Migrants	193,860	186,700	3,080	695	3,385	3,430
Internal migrants	147,360	144,305	2,460	295	305	2,605
Intraprovincial migrants	98,775	97,740	925	35	75	940
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	46,560	1,535	255	235	1,665
External migrants	46,500	42,395	620	400	3,080	820

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Saskatchewan

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.3%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.