Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Alberta

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,645	16,020	56,220	78,655
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,645	16,020	56,220	78,660
0 to 14 years	772,100	747,360	7,135	3,505	14,095	8,890
0 to 4 years	263,510	248,475	2,445	630	11,960	2,760
5 to 9 years	269,105	263,760	2,490	1,295	1,565	3,140
10 to 14 years	239,485	235,130	2,200	1,585	575	2,990
15 to 64 years	2,751,870	2,665,805	52,235	11,710	22,120	58,090
15 to 19 years	235,905	231,365	2,470	1,675	390	3,305
20 to 24 years	258,145	252,840	3,540	1,170	590	4,125
25 to 29 years	306,820	299,290	5,200	1,160	1,175	5,775
30 to 34 years	329,090	319,925	6,275	1,355	1,530	6,950
35 to 39 years	302,240	292,180	6,280	1,940	1,840	7,250
40 to 44 years	278,130	268,845	5,565	1,440	2,275	6,285
45 to 49 years	266,040	257,200	5,230	1,095	2,510	5,780
50 to 54 years	280,900	270,830	6,105	915	3,050	6,560
55 to 59 years	272,035	261,315	6,380	585	3,760	6,670
60 to 64 years	222,575	212,010	5,185	380	5,000	5,375
65 years and over	454,180	422,085	11,280	805	20,005	11,680
65 to 69 years	169,525	159,745	4,060	310	5,410	4,215
70 to 74 years	113,855	106,405	2,925	175	4,345	3,015
75 to 79 years	78,795	72,600	2,145	140	3,905	2,215
80 to 84 years	53,245	48,665	1,365	80	3,140	1,405
85 years and over	38,760	34,670	785	100	3,205	835
85 to 89 years	28,070	25,300	610	40	2,120	630
90 to 94 years	8,855	7,805	140	50	860	160
95 to 99 years	1,670	1,415	35	10	205	40
100 years and over	175	145	0	0	25	10
Average age	37.3	37.1	43.7	32.1	47.0	not applicable ...
Median age	36.4	36.1	43.9	32.1	56.0	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,515	12,515	42,125	69,770
Married or living common law	1,948,620	1,870,330	41,325	7,485	29,475	45,070
Married	1,625,815	1,557,860	32,280	6,900	28,775	35,735
Living common law	322,805	312,475	9,040	585	700	9,335
Not married and not living common law	1,257,425	1,217,555	22,190	5,025	12,655	24,705
Never married	881,025	860,795	13,715	4,180	2,335	15,805
Separated	72,830	70,190	1,530	260	850	1,660
Divorced	189,560	183,220	4,230	425	1,680	4,440
Widowed	114,010	103,345	2,710	160	7,790	2,795
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,515	12,515	42,125	69,770
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,054,550	2,943,460	61,415	11,285	38,390	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,778	63,298	66,483	49,582	20,862	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,708	43,223	47,577	33,460	17,583	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,055,230	2,944,105	61,440	11,285	38,400	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,683	51,069	53,375	41,415	19,490	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,060	38,434	41,700	31,203	17,433	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,840,680	2,748,180	57,680	10,460	24,360	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,997	63,368	65,645	49,715	20,594	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,328	42,654	46,451	32,422	13,363	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,784,345	1,709,360	36,150	7,200	31,635	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,175	7,118	8,215	5,505	9,460	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,101	4,026	6,267	2,330	8,760	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,473,670	2,398,590	49,140	9,510	16,425	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,343	59,568	62,304	45,052	25,910	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,716	42,933	47,996	31,175	21,908	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	93.3	93.5	92.7	92.9	62.6	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.6	76.7	75.0	76.6	53.1	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	6.7	6.5	7.3	7.1	37.4	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,510	12,515	42,130	69,770
Without total income	151,495	144,430	2,095	1,225	3,740	2,710
With total income	3,054,555	2,943,455	61,420	11,290	38,390	67,060
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.3	96.7	90.2	91.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	390,500	372,600	6,000	2,165	9,735	7,090
$10,000 to $19,999	384,800	361,815	6,795	1,635	14,550	7,615
$20,000 to $29,999	366,695	351,185	7,515	1,410	6,590	8,215
$30,000 to $39,999	304,920	294,375	6,025	1,195	3,325	6,620
$40,000 to $49,999	286,105	277,425	5,640	1,010	2,030	6,150
$50,000 to $59,999	248,065	241,045	5,285	820	915	5,695
$60,000 to $69,999	205,190	199,360	4,675	710	455	5,025
$70,000 to $79,999	166,005	161,360	3,860	525	265	4,120
$80,000 to $89,999	132,040	128,580	2,840	445	170	3,060
$90,000 to $99,999	113,840	110,585	2,870	310	75	3,020
$100,000 and over	456,380	445,125	9,920	1,065	265	10,450
$100,000 to $149,999	274,670	267,795	5,995	685	190	6,340
$150,000 and over	181,705	177,335	3,920	375	70	4,110
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,515	12,515	42,130	69,770
Without after-tax income	150,815	143,790	2,070	1,230	3,730	2,685
With after-tax income	3,055,230	2,944,100	61,440	11,290	38,400	67,085
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.3	96.7	90.2	91.1	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	400,135	381,935	6,220	2,185	9,795	7,320
$10,000 to $19,999	402,015	378,460	7,190	1,670	14,700	8,025
$20,000 to $29,999	422,810	405,380	8,570	1,600	7,255	9,370
$30,000 to $39,999	375,840	363,345	7,505	1,420	3,575	8,215
$40,000 to $49,999	348,355	338,300	7,195	1,175	1,690	7,785
$50,000 to $59,999	276,555	268,835	6,130	990	605	6,620
$60,000 to $69,999	208,060	202,275	4,790	625	365	5,105
$70,000 to $79,999	160,390	155,830	3,855	535	170	4,120
$80,000 and over	461,075	449,740	9,990	1,090	250	10,535
$80,000 to $89,999	121,455	118,440	2,640	295	75	2,790
$90,000 to $99,999	81,855	79,815	1,770	235	40	1,885
$100,000 and over	257,760	251,490	5,580	565	130	5,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,515	12,515	42,130	69,770
Without employment income	732,380	689,300	14,375	3,005	25,705	15,875
With employment income	2,473,665	2,398,595	49,135	9,510	16,425	53,895
Percentage with employment income	77.2	77.7	77.4	76.0	39.0	77.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	274,080	265,570	5,035	1,325	2,150	5,695
$5,000 to $9,999	164,010	158,460	2,835	795	1,920	3,230
$10,000 to $19,999	273,990	264,005	4,965	1,450	3,570	5,685
$20,000 to $29,999	235,805	227,250	4,255	1,120	3,185	4,815
$30,000 to $39,999	226,680	219,075	4,225	890	2,490	4,670
$40,000 to $49,999	219,510	213,315	4,035	690	1,465	4,380
$50,000 to $59,999	195,785	190,290	4,050	735	715	4,420
$60,000 to $69,999	162,970	158,410	3,670	555	340	3,950
$70,000 to $79,999	134,715	130,995	3,090	415	210	3,295
$80,000 and over	586,125	571,225	12,990	1,530	385	13,750
$80,000 to $89,999	110,920	108,160	2,290	365	110	2,470
$90,000 to $99,999	100,020	97,200	2,480	275	65	2,620
$100,000 and over	375,185	365,865	8,215	885	205	8,660
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,515	12,510	42,130	69,770
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	1,152,385	1,121,035	23,095	3,530	4,720	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	64,090	64,204	68,504	57,784	32,408	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	81,586	81,773	84,036	67,931	35,470	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,645	16,020	56,220	78,655
English only	3,655,935	3,655,935	0	0	0	0
French only	3,725	0	3,725	0	0	3,725
English and French	260,875	177,950	66,900	16,025	0	74,910
Neither English nor French	57,610	1,365	25	0	56,225	25
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,645	16,025	56,220	78,655
English	3,301,755	3,262,770	38,985	0	0	38,985
French	26,300	1,250	25,055	0	0	25,055
Non-official language	463,465	393,150	1,505	12,585	56,220	7,800
Aboriginal	9,740	9,485	15	25	215	25
Non-Aboriginal	453,725	383,665	1,495	12,560	56,005	7,775
English and French	6,555	1,575	3,055	1,925	0	4,020
English and non-official language	175,995	175,565	435	0	0	440
French and non-official language	1,210	145	1,060	0	0	1,060
English, French and non-official language	2,860	805	545	1,510	0	1,300
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,645	16,020	56,220	78,660
None	3,457,375	3,359,345	38,635	8,235	51,150	42,750
English	214,110	192,915	12,955	5,400	2,845	15,655
French	41,030	25,195	15,330	485	20	15,570
Non-official language	257,105	251,655	2,600	700	2,150	2,950
Aboriginal	16,970	16,940	20	0	0	25
Non-Aboriginal	240,140	234,710	2,575	700	2,155	2,925
English and French	1,375	155	150	1,060	15	680
English and non-official language	4,225	3,610	515	65	45	545
French and non-official language	2,805	2,365	435	0	0	435
English, French and non-official language	115	20	30	70	0	65
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,645	16,025	56,225	78,655
English	2,972,670	2,972,585	85	0	0	85
French	70,440	5,640	64,800	0	0	64,800
Non-official language	846,275	773,405	2,930	13,715	56,220	9,785
Aboriginal	22,975	22,710	15	25	220	30
Non-Aboriginal	823,300	750,695	2,910	13,690	56,005	9,755
English and French	10,010	7,715	515	1,775	0	1,405
English and non-official language	74,515	74,495	20	0	0	20
French and non-official language	2,785	525	2,265	0	0	2,260
English, French and non-official language	1,455	885	35	530	0	305
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	3,978,150	3,835,255	70,645	16,020	56,225	78,660
Official languages	3,920,530	3,833,885	70,620	16,020	0	78,635
English	3,916,805	3,833,890	66,900	16,020	0	74,905
French	264,600	177,955	70,625	16,020	0	78,635
Non-official languages	1,082,425	998,935	12,720	14,545	56,225	19,995
Aboriginal languages	36,465	36,140	80	30	220	90
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,046,245	963,055	12,655	14,525	56,010	19,920
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,645	16,025	56,225	78,660
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	258,640	254,975	3,240	135	285	3,310
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	253,460	249,890	3,160	135	275	3,225
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	136,585	135,705	565	65	250	600
Métis	114,370	111,725	2,555	65	20	2,590
Inuk (Inuit)	2,495	2,455	40	0	10	40
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	2,900	2,850	50	0	10	50
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	2,280	2,240	30	10	0	35
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,719,505	3,580,275	67,405	15,885	55,940	75,345
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,645	16,025	56,225	78,655
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	123,235	122,530	425	55	225	455
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,854,915	3,712,725	70,220	15,970	56,000	78,200
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	3,978,150	3,835,255	70,650	16,020	56,225	78,655
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	103,600	102,725	600	35	240	615
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	99,935	99,070	585	35	245	600
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	81,685	81,205	225	20	235	235
Métis single ancestry	17,515	17,140	355	15	10	365
Inuit single ancestry	735	725	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	3,665	3,650	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,490	3,480	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	100	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	55	50	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	200,210	195,175	4,830	165	45	4,910
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	189,825	185,050	4,575	155	45	4,650
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	104,875	102,480	2,265	100	30	2,315
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	82,585	80,210	2,305	55	10	2,330
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,365	2,355	10	0	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	10,385	10,125	255	10	0	255
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,765	9,515	245	0	0	245
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	305	300	10	0	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	270	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	40	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	3,674,330	3,537,355	65,220	15,820	55,935	73,130
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	3,978,150	3,835,255	70,645	16,025	56,225	78,655
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	3,622,735	3,511,850	65,475	12,105	33,310	71,525
Canadian citizens only	3,490,570	3,388,575	62,655	8,695	30,645	67,005
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	132,165	123,270	2,820	3,410	2,660	4,525
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	355,410	323,405	5,170	3,920	22,915	7,130
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,650	16,020	56,225	78,660
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	3,062,780	2,989,455	57,800	4,265	11,255	59,935
Immigrants^Footnote 42	845,215	779,960	11,815	11,140	42,300	17,385
Before 1981	163,465	157,130	1,545	705	4,085	1,900
1981 to 1990	86,350	79,420	695	730	5,505	1,055
1991 to 2000	131,565	119,965	1,555	1,630	8,415	2,370
2001 to 2010	256,050	235,590	4,450	5,365	10,650	7,140
2001 to 2005	109,145	100,250	1,845	2,310	4,730	3,005
2006 to 2010	146,910	135,335	2,605	3,050	5,920	4,130
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	207,790	187,860	3,565	2,715	13,650	4,920
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	70,150	65,835	1,030	620	2,670	1,340
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	845,215	779,960	11,820	11,135	42,300	17,385
Under 5 years	82,175	77,890	1,080	1,040	2,160	1,605
5 to 14 years	149,815	144,365	1,870	2,355	1,220	3,045
15 to 24 years	168,965	161,490	2,270	1,790	3,420	3,160
25 to 44 years	372,805	347,980	5,885	5,380	13,560	8,570
45 years and over	71,450	48,230	715	570	21,935	1,000
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	845,215	779,965	11,815	11,140	42,300	17,385
Americas	103,545	97,420	1,430	2,385	2,305	2,625
Brazil	2,545	2,410	20	85	30	65
Colombia	9,535	7,850	260	850	575	685
El Salvador	7,250	6,720	65	125	340	130
Guyana	2,555	2,550	0	0	0	0
Haiti	1,275	455	555	250	10	680
Jamaica	6,845	6,845	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15,665	14,695	45	305	620	200
Peru	1,920	1,675	30	160	55	110
Trinidad and Tobago	3,415	3,410	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	30,460	30,115	225	90	30	270
Other places of birth in Americas	22,075	20,680	220	525	640	490
Europe	189,770	182,050	2,675	2,480	2,565	3,910
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,555	4,350	0	60	135	35
Croatia	3,080	2,995	10	25	60	15
France	2,540	695	1,785	55	0	1,815
Germany	19,200	18,910	75	150	65	145
Greece	2,005	1,915	0	25	65	15
Hungary	3,660	3,550	10	55	55	30
Ireland^Footnote 48	3,935	3,930	10	0	0	10
Italy	8,110	7,635	70	150	265	145
Netherlands	14,030	13,930	0	80	20	45
Poland	16,930	16,355	50	120	405	105
Portugal	4,055	3,710	15	55	285	40
Romania	7,730	6,945	50	610	115	355
Russian Federation	7,255	6,725	35	205	295	140
Serbia^Footnote 49	2,255	2,145	0	35	75	20
Ukraine	8,150	7,520	25	215	390	130
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	59,215	59,115	60	35	0	85
Other places of birth in Europe	23,065	21,630	485	610	340	785
Africa	89,740	77,840	6,920	3,380	1,600	8,610
Algeria	1,345	455	465	415	10	670
Egypt	5,320	4,870	135	260	55	265
Ethiopia	10,570	10,170	35	85	275	80
Kenya	5,120	5,030	20	0	70	20
Morocco	1,700	655	480	530	30	750
Nigeria	12,405	12,375	10	20	10	15
Somalia	7,060	6,440	95	150	375	170
South Africa, Republic of	7,355	7,300	10	15	30	15
Other places of birth in Africa	38,870	30,545	5,670	1,905	740	6,620
Asia	452,225	412,875	775	2,880	35,695	2,210
Afghanistan	5,195	4,550	20	80	540	60
Bangladesh	5,085	4,925	0	100	70	50
China^Footnote 51	57,690	45,475	30	355	11,830	210
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	19,110	17,965	10	70	1,070	40
India	91,660	82,285	50	405	8,930	250
Iran^Footnote 53	8,905	8,470	20	200	220	120
Iraq	5,940	5,455	0	55	430	30
Japan	3,065	2,935	0	25	105	15
Korea, South^Footnote 54	13,850	12,900	0	75	875	35
Lebanon	10,395	9,275	295	385	440	485
Pakistan	28,080	26,840	20	160	1,055	100
Philippines	123,830	122,930	100	230	570	210
Sri Lanka	4,835	4,740	10	20	75	15
Syria^Footnote 55	4,800	2,820	10	105	1,860	65
Taiwan	3,460	3,215	0	25	215	15
Viet Nam	27,080	21,550	70	160	5,300	145
Other places of birth in Asia	39,250	36,545	145	440	2,120	370
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	9,945	9,785	15	10	135	20
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	207,790	187,860	3,565	2,710	13,655	4,925
Americas	20,060	18,210	315	555	980	595
Brazil	855	775	15	40	25	35
Colombia	2,290	1,865	15	140	270	85
Cuba	465	415	0	15	35	10
Haiti	385	75	175	125	0	245
Jamaica	1,660	1,660	0	0	0	0
Mexico	4,405	4,020	10	90	280	55
United States^Footnote 58	4,645	4,550	50	25	20	65
Venezuela^Footnote 59	1,565	1,435	15	45	75	35
Other places of birth in Americas	3,785	3,410	25	75	275	65
Europe	20,875	19,130	525	495	725	775
France	425	30	385	10	0	385
Germany	1,370	1,295	15	55	0	40
Ireland^Footnote 60	1,355	1,355	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	720	595	0	65	55	35
Romania	1,105	945	10	115	35	70
Russian Federation	1,235	1,075	0	30	125	20
Ukraine	2,345	2,035	10	50	245	35
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	6,220	6,200	10	10	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	6,105	5,590	95	155	260	175
Africa	27,770	23,195	2,525	1,025	1,030	3,035
Algeria	250	80	95	65	10	125
Cameroon	1,060	550	450	60	0	480
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	810	240	435	110	20	490
Côte d'Ivoire	415	35	380	0	0	380
Egypt	1,935	1,755	45	90	50	95
Eritrea	2,390	2,125	10	0	250	10
Ethiopia	3,445	3,250	15	15	175	20
Morocco	515	185	145	170	20	230
Nigeria	6,110	6,100	0	0	10	10
Somalia	2,120	1,820	15	20	265	30
South Africa, Republic of	1,585	1,540	10	10	30	15
Tunisia	255	80	90	60	25	120
Other places of birth in Africa	6,870	5,435	830	420	180	1,040
Asia	137,110	125,350	200	640	10,920	520
Afghanistan	815	690	0	10	110	10
Bangladesh	1,350	1,315	0	10	25	0
China^Footnote 63	10,525	7,550	0	20	2,955	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	750	665	0	10	75	0
India	28,820	25,880	10	60	2,875	35
Iran^Footnote 65	3,265	3,065	10	70	130	40
Iraq	2,010	1,750	0	15	245	10
Israel	480	450	10	10	25	10
Japan	665	630	0	15	15	10
Korea, South^Footnote 66	3,840	3,470	0	30	340	15
Lebanon	1,465	1,185	80	90	115	125
Nepal	2,620	2,460	0	20	140	10
Pakistan	6,910	6,345	10	35	520	25
Philippines	59,390	58,960	60	85	290	100
Saudi Arabia	815	800	0	0	0	10
Sri Lanka	1,345	1,310	0	0	35	0
Syria^Footnote 67	3,335	1,570	10	80	1,680	45
Taiwan	505	460	0	10	35	10
Turkey	390	355	0	0	25	0
United Arab Emirates	805	780	10	0	20	10
Viet Nam	2,040	1,360	0	10	665	10
Other places of birth in Asia	4,965	4,290	10	75	590	50
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	1,975	1,975	0	0	10	0
Australia	1,060	1,065	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	915	915	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	3,978,145	3,835,255	70,645	16,025	56,225	78,655
First generation^Footnote 71	938,495	868,220	13,160	11,845	45,270	19,080
Second generation^Footnote 72	742,455	722,980	6,490	3,120	9,870	8,045
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	2,297,190	2,244,050	51,000	1,060	1,085	51,530
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	694,940	634,885	10,385	10,500	39,185	15,625
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	387,275	368,980	4,970	6,125	7,200	8,035
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	154,700	146,965	2,555	2,580	2,595	3,850
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	232,570	222,015	2,415	3,545	4,600	4,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	198,570	170,180	2,370	1,695	24,325	3,220
Refugees^Footnote 79	103,780	91,060	2,875	2,545	7,300	4,145
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	5,320	4,665	160	135	360	230
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	3,978,150	3,835,255	70,650	16,020	56,225	78,660
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	933,165	862,590	11,800	10,305	48,465	16,955
South Asian^Footnote 83	230,930	215,075	450	1,535	13,860	1,220
Chinese	158,200	139,745	340	825	17,295	755
Black	129,390	116,875	7,995	2,450	2,070	9,220
Filipino	166,200	164,820	165	300	910	315
Latin American	55,085	49,650	630	2,225	2,580	1,745
Arab	56,700	49,685	1,475	1,925	3,615	2,440
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	43,980	39,350	150	330	4,150	315
West Asian^Footnote 85	20,980	19,270	85	355	1,265	260
Korean	21,275	19,745	10	120	1,405	65
Japanese	12,170	11,895	30	25	215	45
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	9,905	9,440	180	90	190	225
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	28,355	27,025	290	120	910	350
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	3,044,985	2,972,670	58,845	5,720	7,755	61,700
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	3,978,150	3,835,250	70,645	16,020	56,225	78,655
North American Aboriginal origins	303,815	297,895	5,430	195	290	5,530
First Nations (North American Indian)	200,290	197,140	2,750	130	265	2,815
Inuit	3,905	3,870	30	0	10	30
Métis	113,735	110,725	2,920	75	15	2,960
Other North American origins	955,040	922,465	29,885	1,000	1,685	30,385
Acadian	5,545	4,130	1,400	10	0	1,405
American	72,350	71,645	635	65	10	665
Canadian	902,310	871,440	28,280	915	1,675	28,735
New Brunswicker	55	20	35	0	0	35
Newfoundlander	1,985	1,980	0	0	0	10
Nova Scotian	190	185	10	0	0	10
Ontarian	110	100	0	0	0	10
Québécois	1,380	925	445	15	0	450
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	415	415	0	0	0	0
European origins	2,580,725	2,524,530	44,015	5,435	6,740	46,735
British Isles origins	1,581,265	1,571,110	9,085	775	295	9,470
Channel Islander	225	230	0	0	0	0
Cornish	210	210	0	0	0	0
English	899,440	895,405	3,335	480	230	3,570
Irish	596,750	591,930	4,425	335	65	4,590
Manx	940	940	0	0	0	0
Scottish	704,205	701,165	2,735	230	75	2,850
Welsh	80,455	80,245	160	35	15	180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	90,865	90,440	355	55	20	380
French origins	411,555	370,835	39,535	1,085	95	40,080
Alsatian	200	195	10	0	0	10
Breton	60	25	35	0	0	35
Corsican	125	120	10	0	0	10
French	411,315	370,600	39,535	1,085	100	40,075
Western European origins (except French origins)	915,185	907,890	4,090	1,205	2,000	4,695
Austrian	39,530	39,320	135	45	25	160
Bavarian	115	115	0	0	0	0
Belgian	21,210	20,095	995	115	10	1,050
Dutch	195,720	194,840	470	190	215	570
Flemish	2,005	1,940	50	15	0	55
Frisian	685	680	0	0	10	0
German	712,955	708,215	2,145	780	1,815	2,535
Luxembourger	680	650	20	0	0	25
Swiss	24,310	23,570	555	155	30	640
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	830	830	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	329,990	329,265	535	135	50	605
Danish	60,380	60,285	60	15	20	65
Finnish	17,750	17,660	55	20	10	65
Icelandic	20,230	20,185	35	10	0	40
Norwegian	156,595	156,305	225	40	25	245
Swedish	97,835	97,660	105	65	15	135
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	13,515	13,440	70	0	0	65
Eastern European origins	685,275	678,175	2,020	2,245	2,840	3,140
Bulgarian	2,935	2,775	10	95	60	55
Byelorussian	2,205	2,095	15	35	60	35
Czech	20,870	20,690	95	45	35	120
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	10,055	9,985	60	10	0	60
Estonian	2,715	2,710	10	0	0	10
Hungarian	56,270	55,685	215	210	160	320
Latvian	3,245	3,220	0	0	15	10
Lithuanian	6,090	6,025	20	10	30	25
Moldovan	1,585	1,355	10	115	105	65
Polish	186,510	184,840	665	375	625	860
Romanian	34,225	33,125	135	770	200	520
Russian	107,800	105,945	300	430	1,125	515
Slovak	11,010	10,865	40	60	45	65
Ukrainian	369,090	366,885	745	555	905	1,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	1,910	1,900	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	215,730	209,610	2,505	1,730	1,885	3,365
Albanian	2,935	2,775	0	55	110	30
Bosnian	3,870	3,735	15	30	95	30
Catalan	85	80	0	0	10	0
Croatian	14,225	14,030	55	40	95	75
Cypriot	160	160	0	0	0	0
Greek	15,030	14,695	115	135	85	180
Italian	101,260	98,945	1,370	510	440	1,625
Kosovar	420	385	0	10	25	10
Macedonian	1,015	965	0	30	20	10
Maltese	1,555	1,520	35	0	0	35
Montenegrin	285	255	0	0	25	10
Portuguese	22,385	21,595	265	145	380	335
Serbian	7,760	7,415	30	150	160	105
Sicilian	330	325	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	3,885	3,850	20	10	0	25
Spanish	48,060	45,885	745	870	565	1,175
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	5,120	5,060	35	10	15	40
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	245	235	0	0	0	10
Other European origins	22,805	22,305	305	75	115	345
Basque	425	395	20	10	0	20
Jewish	9,780	9,525	100	50	100	130
Roma (Gypsy)	465	465	10	0	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	990	985	0	0	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	11,250	11,050	180	10	10	190
Caribbean origins	36,120	34,590	980	415	135	1,185
Antiguan	455	455	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	305	310	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	2,060	2,035	25	0	0	25
Bermudan	210	205	0	0	0	0
Carib	130	125	0	10	0	0
Cuban	2,175	2,005	25	60	80	50
Dominican	930	820	45	35	30	60
Grenadian	595	600	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	2,235	1,210	710	295	15	860
Jamaican	17,325	17,235	75	15	10	75
Kittitian/Nevisian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	465	460	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	600	590	0	0	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,180	5,125	40	10	10	50
Vincentian/Grenadinian	540	535	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	2,670	2,615	50	10	0	50
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	2,305	2,235	65	10	0	65
Latin, Central and South American origins	78,405	71,910	910	2,365	3,220	2,090
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,980	1,890	30	45	15	50
Arawak	105	90	10	0	0	15
Argentinian	1,385	1,340	0	30	15	15
Belizean	440	440	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	590	495	20	20	50	30
Brazilian	3,025	2,885	45	35	65	65
Chilean	8,105	7,790	50	90	180	95
Colombian	12,585	10,420	280	990	895	775
Costa Rican	575	550	0	15	10	0
Ecuadorian	890	805	10	30	50	25
Guatemalan	2,395	2,155	60	55	125	85
Guyanese	3,095	3,075	15	0	0	15
Hispanic	1,785	1,670	10	40	60	30
Honduran	755	645	20	40	50	45
Maya	580	545	0	25	10	15
Mexican	22,470	20,710	135	445	1,185	360
Nicaraguan	1,680	1,600	10	20	50	20
Panamanian	320	310	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	345	345	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	2,745	2,490	50	140	60	125
Salvadorean	8,815	8,290	100	155	270	175
Uruguayan	315	305	10	10	0	0
Venezuelan	4,685	4,260	55	205	175	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	3,430	3,120	75	110	120	135
African origins	136,510	121,225	8,880	3,675	2,725	10,720
Central and West African origins	33,165	27,430	4,695	935	110	5,165
Akan	130	100	25	0	0	30
Angolan	300	185	95	15	0	100
Ashanti	130	125	0	0	0	0
Beninese	200	115	70	10	0	75
Burkinabe	100	40	50	10	0	50
Cameroonian	2,045	985	925	125	10	990
Chadian	75	25	45	0	0	45
Congolese	4,090	1,665	1,970	415	40	2,175
Edo	555	555	0	0	0	0
Ewe	125	90	20	15	0	25
Gabonese	25	10	15	0	0	15
Gambian	105	110	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	4,470	4,365	45	40	15	65
Guinean	455	135	250	65	0	280
Ibo	1,760	1,755	0	10	0	0
Ivorian	655	75	550	25	0	565
Liberian	1,035	1,025	0	10	0	10
Malian	75	25	35	15	0	40
Malinké	100	70	25	0	0	20
Nigerian	13,010	12,930	30	35	15	50
Peulh	105	25	40	40	0	65
Senegalese	580	210	280	80	0	315
Sierra Leonean	740	695	0	45	0	25
Togolese	150	85	55	15	0	60
Wolof	70	15	45	15	0	50
Yoruba	2,990	2,950	35	0	0	35
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	1,860	1,270	475	95	20	520
North African origins	23,240	19,560	1,495	1,505	675	2,250
Algerian	1,620	785	485	325	25	645
Berber	685	285	190	190	25	280
Coptic	225	220	0	0	0	0
Dinka	565	540	0	0	30	0
Egyptian	8,525	7,855	170	260	240	305
Libyan	1,300	1,205	0	35	60	15
Maure	100	35	10	20	30	20
Moroccan	2,505	1,535	415	475	90	650
Sudanese	7,070	6,900	0	40	130	20
Tunisian	940	465	240	175	65	325
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	575	380	85	105	10	135
Southern and East African origins	56,560	52,155	1,595	1,015	1,805	2,100
Afrikaner	315	305	0	10	10	0
Amhara	455	440	0	0	15	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	700	455	220	25	0	235
Burundian	980	405	400	160	15	480
Djiboutian	165	85	40	30	10	60
Eritrean	7,960	7,350	50	35	530	65
Ethiopian	13,225	12,655	60	100	410	110
Harari	165	160	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	2,180	2,135	0	0	40	0
Malagasy	125	60	50	10	0	60
Mauritian	555	305	185	55	10	215
Oromo	1,355	1,285	0	10	70	0
Rwandan	1,420	865	320	200	30	420
Seychellois	30	35	0	0	0	0
Somali	14,100	12,890	290	280	640	430
South African	6,630	6,590	10	20	25	15
Tanzanian	1,035	1,015	0	0	20	0
Tigrian	700	635	10	10	45	15
Ugandan	1,150	1,135	0	15	10	10
Zambian	265	270	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	2,585	2,570	0	10	0	10
Zulu	295	295	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	3,870	3,625	90	100	55	140
Other African origins	26,155	24,260	1,435	295	165	1,580
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	2,525	2,410	100	0	10	105
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	23,960	22,160	1,345	290	160	1,490
Asian origins	756,340	705,135	2,640	5,055	43,510	5,160
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	97,350	89,095	1,210	1,850	5,200	2,130
Afghan	8,545	7,690	50	115	690	110
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	10,465	8,850	395	405	820	595
Armenian	1,780	1,655	30	45	50	50
Assyrian	560	505	0	0	50	10
Azerbaijani	615	545	0	15	55	10
Georgian	395	360	0	0	35	0
Hazara	365	345	0	10	20	0
Iranian	13,925	13,290	25	250	355	150
Iraqi	6,165	5,705	25	50	385	45
Israeli	1,570	1,525	10	0	25	15
Jordanian	1,325	1,250	0	20	50	15
Kazakh	565	520	0	20	30	10
Kurd	2,040	1,825	25	25	175	35
Kuwaiti	190	160	0	0	20	0
Kyrgyz	200	190	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	32,360	30,740	535	555	525	815
Palestinian	4,885	4,715	30	60	80	60
Pashtun	645	605	0	10	40	0
Saudi Arabian	390	370	0	0	20	0
Syrian	7,215	5,270	60	105	1,780	110
Tajik	265	245	0	0	20	0
Tatar	530	465	0	35	35	15
Turk	5,750	5,300	85	155	210	165
Turkmen	105	105	0	0	10	0
Uighur	270	255	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	485	445	0	15	25	0
Yemeni	930	860	10	20	35	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	2,445	2,260	10	80	95	50
South Asian origins	231,550	215,815	625	1,540	13,570	1,395
Bangladeshi	4,155	4,050	0	45	60	25
Bengali	1,660	1,570	0	50	30	25
Bhutanese	810	585	0	30	190	20
East Indian	174,510	162,325	580	1,045	10,565	1,100
Goan	495	490	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	855	825	0	10	20	0
Kashmiri	720	685	0	0	25	0
Nepali	4,605	4,165	0	35	405	15
Pakistani	29,265	27,955	25	215	1,075	135
Punjabi	15,650	13,565	25	125	1,935	85
Sinhalese	750	730	0	0	15	0
Sri Lankan	5,585	5,460	0	20	95	20
Tamil	1,050	1,010	0	20	20	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	4,840	4,675	0	35	125	25
East and Southeast Asian origins	431,135	403,920	830	1,695	24,690	1,675
Burmese	1,270	1,220	0	0	50	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	4,265	3,930	20	50	265	40
Chinese	188,280	168,590	440	915	18,345	900
Filipino	175,130	173,715	170	320	925	330
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	3,000	2,935	10	35	25	30
Japanese	16,595	16,250	45	55	245	75
Karen	735	555	0	0	175	0
Korean	22,410	20,830	10	115	1,450	60
Laotian	2,055	1,935	15	15	85	30
Malaysian	2,965	2,950	10	0	0	10
Mongolian	1,565	1,490	10	25	45	20
Singaporean	375	365	0	0	10	10
Taiwanese	1,995	1,855	0	25	115	10
Thai	2,740	2,575	0	0	155	10
Tibetan	965	885	0	0	80	0
Vietnamese	36,780	32,440	135	225	3,980	250
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	730	690	0	0	30	10
Other Asian origins	3,115	2,940	10	40	130	20
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	3,115	2,940	10	40	125	25
Oceania origins	15,500	15,365	30	20	85	40
Australian	7,780	7,755	20	10	0	30
New Zealander	2,905	2,895	0	0	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	5,150	5,055	10	15	75	10
Fijian	3,330	3,245	0	15	75	10
Hawaiian	425	425	0	0	0	0
Maori	640	645	0	0	0	0
Samoan	280	280	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	200	195	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	370	375	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,515	12,515	42,125	69,770
No certificate, diploma or degree	540,660	503,775	9,155	1,710	26,030	10,010
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	895,885	869,110	15,120	2,580	9,075	16,410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,769,500	1,715,000	39,240	8,225	7,030	43,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	309,465	298,835	8,870	660	1,100	9,200
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	94,735	90,525	3,290	310	615	3,440
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	214,730	208,310	5,580	355	485	5,755
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	615,480	598,460	13,260	1,650	2,105	14,085
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,620	91,280	2,085	600	655	2,390
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	749,935	726,430	15,025	5,310	3,165	17,685
Bachelor's degree	530,085	515,315	9,555	2,880	2,335	10,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	39,955	38,055	1,120	540	240	1,390
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,850	21,150	360	185	155	450
Master's degree	133,265	128,360	3,300	1,260	355	3,925
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	24,775	23,550	690	445	85	915
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,515	12,510	42,130	69,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	1,436,545	1,372,885	24,270	4,285	35,100	26,415
Education	121,925	117,100	3,610	500	715	3,855
13. Education	121,930	117,100	3,605	505	715	3,860
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	49,665	48,215	1,070	170	205	1,155
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,130	8,945	145	10	25	155
50. Visual and performing arts	40,535	39,270	920	165	175	1,000
Humanities	69,305	66,330	1,560	750	665	1,935
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	6,790	6,060	300	260	165	430
23. English language and literature/letters	15,110	14,735	185	130	65	250
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20,660	19,835	380	130	320	445
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	225	225	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,890	4,705	125	25	35	140
39. Theology and religious vocations	11,430	11,215	155	30	30	170
54. History	8,605	8,335	170	45	55	195
55. French language and literature/letters	1,595	1,220	240	130	0	305
Social and behavioural sciences and law	159,730	154,825	3,250	1,045	610	3,775
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,350	2,260	55	25	10	70
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,180	16,780	285	70	50	320
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	28,755	27,790	685	90	190	735
22. Legal professions and studies	29,000	28,085	575	260	80	700
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	2,190	2,135	40	10	0	45
42. Psychology	27,275	26,665	455	105	40	515
45. Social sciences	52,985	51,110	1,155	480	245	1,390
Business, management and public administration	361,530	351,245	7,710	1,600	985	8,505
30.16 Accounting and computer science	675	670	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	21,565	21,080	360	90	35	410
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	339,295	329,495	7,340	1,505	955	8,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	72,845	70,370	1,585	570	325	1,870
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25,850	25,010	600	190	50	695
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15,415	15,005	240	85	90	280
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	555	510	30	20	0	40
40. Physical sciences	26,130	25,065	615	265	185	745
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,900	4,785	105	10	0	110
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60,830	59,040	1,185	395	215	1,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	48,975	47,665	910	250	150	1,035
25. Library science	4,290	4,130	130	25	0	140
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,050	6,765	135	95	55	180
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	510	480	15	20	0	20
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	463,185	448,625	10,900	1,825	1,830	11,815
04. Architecture and related services	11,325	10,995	215	105	15	260
14. Engineering	110,350	106,330	2,000	1,125	895	2,565
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	84,800	82,700	1,645	180	275	1,735
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	55	0	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	100,370	97,275	2,705	180	215	2,790
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	103,880	100,720	2,805	150	205	2,880
48. Precision production	52,400	50,550	1,535	90	225	1,580
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	44,275	43,070	890	120	195	950
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	28,440	27,635	550	85	165	590
03. Natural resources and conservation	15,830	15,440	345	30	25	355
Health and related fields	270,920	264,340	4,850	955	770	5,330
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	19,300	18,815	395	45	50	415
51. Health professions and related programs	245,265	239,405	4,335	845	680	4,760
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,350	6,115	120	60	45	155
Personal, protective and transportation services	95,135	91,690	2,625	305	515	2,780
12. Personal and culinary services	57,285	55,250	1,395	225	425	1,505
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	245	240	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	735	670	55	0	15	50
43. Security and protective services	16,985	16,400	530	35	20	550
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,880	19,135	645	45	55	670
Other	150	150	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	150	150	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,510	12,515	42,130	69,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,436,545	1,372,885	24,270	4,290	35,095	26,415
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	1,769,505	1,715,000	39,245	8,225	7,030	43,355
Location of study inside Canada	1,424,855	1,386,715	34,025	3,575	540	35,815
Same as province or territory of residence	1,064,565	1,045,430	16,725	1,965	445	17,705
Different than province or territory of residence	360,290	341,285	17,305	1,610	95	18,110
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	344,645	328,290	5,215	4,650	6,490	7,540
United States^Footnote 130	45,690	45,010	535	130	10	600
Philippines	68,755	68,615	55	20	75	60
India	41,560	40,740	25	105	685	75
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	28,625	28,340	195	85	10	235
China^Footnote 132	18,850	16,120	35	40	2,655	55
France	2,150	510	1,445	190	0	1,540
Other	139,010	128,945	2,925	4,075	3,055	4,965
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	3,206,045	3,087,890	63,515	12,510	42,125	not applicable ...
In the labour force	2,302,940	2,234,465	45,850	9,155	13,470	not applicable ...
Employed	2,096,110	2,034,200	41,955	8,080	11,875	not applicable ...
Unemployed	206,830	200,270	3,900	1,075	1,595	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	903,105	853,425	17,665	3,360	28,655	not applicable ...
Participation rate	71.8	72.4	72.2	73.2	32.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	65.4	65.9	66.1	64.6	28.2	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.0	8.5	11.7	11.8	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	3,206,050	3,087,890	63,515	12,515	42,125	69,770
Did not work^Footnote 135	806,155	759,000	15,695	3,215	28,250	17,300
Worked	2,399,890	2,328,895	47,820	9,300	13,880	52,470
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	1,193,865	1,161,090	24,095	3,705	4,970	25,950
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	1,206,030	1,167,805	23,720	5,595	8,905	26,520
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.5	42.7	39.5	39.9	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	2,467,415	2,393,930	49,005	9,735	14,745	53,870
a.Management	276,000	269,250	5,435	720	600	5,795
00 Senior management occupations	24,715	24,025	565	100	35	610
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	77,200	75,235	1,650	285	25	1,795
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	84,540	82,585	1,415	180	360	1,505
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	89,545	87,415	1,800	155	175	1,875
b.Professional	404,090	393,390	8,340	2,070	290	9,375
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	76,875	75,210	1,310	300	45	1,460
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	100,225	97,780	1,725	645	75	2,050
30 Professional occupations in nursing	41,495	40,810	585	85	15	630
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	33,250	32,475	615	140	20	685
40 Professional occupations in education services	77,910	74,605	2,685	565	50	2,970
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	56,955	55,635	1,010	260	55	1,140
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	17,380	16,870	405	65	30	445
c.Technical and paraprofessional	231,920	225,835	4,895	880	310	5,335
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	84,750	82,900	1,465	335	50	1,630
32 Technical occupations in health	45,420	44,515	720	100	85	770
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	41,080	39,700	990	275	110	1,135
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	19,625	18,635	955	25	10	970
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	41,050	40,085	765	145	60	835
d.Administration and administrative support	309,425	302,260	5,600	1,010	565	6,100
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	125,960	123,045	2,410	380	125	2,595
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	29,585	28,865	605	70	45	640
14 Office support occupations	107,840	105,495	1,705	400	245	1,900
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	46,040	44,855	880	160	150	960
e.Sales	234,405	229,355	3,130	1,035	885	3,650
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	51,275	50,365	680	180	50	765
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	109,300	107,025	1,445	525	300	1,710
66 Sales support occupations	73,835	71,960	1,005	335	535	1,175
f.Personal and customer information services	413,365	396,415	7,635	2,185	7,125	8,730
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	39,590	38,590	680	260	60	810
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	52,290	50,295	1,205	270	515	1,345
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	71,460	67,920	1,160	290	2,085	1,305
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	111,740	107,945	2,325	595	875	2,625
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	138,280	131,665	2,260	775	3,580	2,650
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	241,940	233,345	6,510	720	1,365	6,870
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	163,810	157,350	4,680	560	1,220	4,955
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	78,135	76,000	1,835	160	145	1,915
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	195,065	188,520	4,605	745	1,200	4,975
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	36,240	35,105	690	145	300	765
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	115,350	111,715	2,735	425	475	2,945
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	43,470	41,690	1,175	175	425	1,270
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	82,600	80,560	1,455	125	465	1,515
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	27,215	26,610	560	20	25	570
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	28,390	27,585	475	40	290	495
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	26,995	26,370	420	65	145	450
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	78,600	75,005	1,395	255	1,945	1,525
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	29,965	29,230	660	50	20	685
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	18,900	17,785	330	85	695	375
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	10,415	9,880	155	35	350	170
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	19,325	18,110	250	85	880	295
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	2,467,410	2,393,930	49,005	9,735	14,740	53,870
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	71,925	70,140	1,260	80	445	1,300
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	64,630	63,105	1,025	75	425	1,060
113 Forestry and logging	3,300	3,120	155	0	15	160
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	220	215	10	0	0	10
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	3,780	3,700	75	0	10	80
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	152,920	149,505	2,915	375	120	3,105
211 Oil and gas extraction	74,885	73,160	1,465	215	45	1,570
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	5,945	5,825	110	0	10	110
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	72,090	70,525	1,340	160	70	1,425
22 Utilities	23,275	22,840	335	65	35	370
221 Utilities	23,275	22,840	335	65	35	365
23 Construction	255,080	245,985	6,810	910	1,375	7,265
236 Construction of buildings	67,585	65,050	1,910	230	400	2,025
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	43,000	41,850	945	130	75	1,005
238 Specialty trade contractors	144,495	139,090	3,960	545	905	4,235
31-33 Manufacturing	135,415	130,025	2,655	555	2,190	2,930
311 Food manufacturing	20,285	18,985	370	145	790	445
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	2,765	2,735	30	0	0	25
313 Textile mills	345	325	10	0	0	10
314 Textile product mills	675	625	0	0	35	10
315 Clothing manufacturing	1,150	965	40	0	140	40
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	150	140	0	10	0	10
321 Wood product manufacturing	9,155	8,905	190	0	60	185
322 Paper manufacturing	3,210	3,075	105	15	10	115
323 Printing and related support activities	4,775	4,650	60	15	50	65
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	9,215	8,930	225	50	15	250
325 Chemical manufacturing	9,340	9,130	185	10	10	190
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	5,995	5,665	125	35	175	140
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	6,965	6,750	145	30	35	160
331 Primary metal manufacturing	4,390	4,255	80	0	55	80
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	20,745	20,000	420	75	240	465
333 Machinery manufacturing	13,695	13,145	235	80	225	275
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	4,470	4,350	95	15	15	100
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	2,415	2,330	40	0	40	40
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	4,050	3,950	80	20	0	85
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	5,430	5,100	85	15	220	100
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	6,210	6,020	120	30	35	140
41 Wholesale trade	85,330	83,005	1,560	215	555	1,670
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	1,780	1,735	15	0	25	15
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	5,450	5,295	145	10	0	150
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	9,550	9,065	175	40	275	195
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	5,900	5,685	120	30	70	135
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	5,970	5,815	125	0	15	125
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	15,095	14,750	290	25	30	305
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	29,620	29,030	490	75	30	530
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	9,480	9,200	160	20	100	170
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	2,490	2,430	45	0	20	40
44-45 Retail trade	278,420	271,810	3,995	1,160	1,455	4,580
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	38,695	37,955	600	75	60	640
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	10,170	9,920	190	35	30	210
443 Electronics and appliance stores	9,555	9,380	85	75	15	120
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	19,370	18,945	290	75	55	330
445 Food and beverage stores	62,905	60,885	865	290	865	1,005
446 Health and personal care stores	22,605	22,155	295	105	55	345
447 Gasoline stations	11,175	10,955	130	30	60	140
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	30,975	30,180	465	225	100	580
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	14,865	14,645	160	40	20	180
452 General merchandise stores	34,140	33,375	495	135	135	565
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	15,535	15,200	235	65	45	265
454 Non-store retailers	8,430	8,220	185	10	15	190
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	123,465	119,220	3,130	580	540	3,420
481 Air transportation	12,305	11,660	595	50	0	615
482 Rail transportation	5,665	5,530	125	15	0	130
483 Water transportation	130	130	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	43,990	42,435	1,100	170	285	1,190
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	17,270	16,650	390	170	60	475
486 Pipeline transportation	7,110	7,015	75	25	0	85
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	200	190	10	0	0	10
488 Support activities for transportation	12,370	12,020	270	35	50	290
491 Postal service	7,570	7,330	210	15	15	220
492 Couriers and messengers	7,680	7,440	160	35	40	175
493 Warehousing and storage	9,165	8,825	190	65	85	225
51 Information and cultural industries	36,015	35,120	680	165	50	760
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	5,465	5,340	90	0	20	100
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	5,350	5,220	95	25	10	110
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	2,910	2,820	85	0	0	90
517 Telecommunications	14,895	14,495	285	100	15	335
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	1,185	1,165	0	10	10	10
519 Other information services	6,215	6,070	115	25	10	125
52 Finance and insurance	73,470	71,845	1,250	340	35	1,420
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	10	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	34,375	33,535	635	200	0	735
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	13,075	12,755	240	65	15	270
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	25,575	25,105	375	80	20	410
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	445	440	10	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	45,350	44,355	770	115	105	830
531 Real estate	34,465	33,715	570	95	85	615
532 Rental and leasing services	10,660	10,415	200	20	25	210
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	225	230	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	181,910	177,625	3,130	860	295	3,560
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	181,910	177,625	3,130	855	295	3,560
55 Management of companies and enterprises	6,005	5,835	130	30	10	145
551 Management of companies and enterprises	6,005	5,840	130	30	10	145
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	97,660	93,300	2,095	540	1,730	2,365
561 Administrative and support services	89,775	85,575	1,970	525	1,705	2,235
562 Waste management and remediation services	7,890	7,720	120	15	30	130
61 Educational services	161,280	155,115	4,970	985	210	5,460
611 Educational services	161,280	155,115	4,970	985	210	5,460
62 Health care and social assistance	263,570	257,705	4,225	1,005	630	4,730
621 Ambulatory health care services	96,925	95,120	1,410	250	140	1,535
622 Hospitals	76,100	74,695	1,120	235	55	1,240
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	40,615	39,630	660	210	105	770
624 Social assistance	49,935	48,260	1,035	315	335	1,185
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	53,220	51,960	915	170	170	1,000
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	14,105	13,815	210	45	30	240
712 Heritage institutions	3,625	3,435	185	0	0	185
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	35,490	34,710	515	120	140	580
72 Accommodation and food services	174,870	167,990	2,555	815	3,505	2,965
721 Accommodation services	26,445	25,460	575	135	275	640
722 Food services and drinking places	148,420	142,530	1,985	680	3,230	2,320
81 Other services (except public administration)	116,050	112,520	1,950	365	1,225	2,130
811 Repair and maintenance	43,535	42,390	830	115	200	890
812 Personal and laundry services	34,215	33,000	450	130	640	510
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	27,115	26,420	530	70	95	565
814 Private households	11,190	10,715	140	50	285	160
91 Public administration	132,175	128,025	3,675	405	65	3,875
911 Federal government public administration	36,125	33,785	2,210	115	20	2,270
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	34,265	33,530	610	120	10	670
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	58,540	57,490	855	165	35	935
914 Aboriginal public administration	3,095	3,095	0	10	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	140	125	0	10	10	10
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	2,096,105	2,034,195	41,950	8,080	11,875	45,995
Worked at home	162,465	158,115	3,275	455	625	3,500
Worked outside Canada	6,270	5,960	145	65	95	180
No fixed workplace address	307,065	295,595	7,925	1,410	2,135	8,630
Worked at usual place	1,620,310	1,574,520	30,610	6,150	9,025	33,685
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	2,467,410	2,393,930	49,005	9,735	14,745	53,870
English	2,418,990	2,361,810	42,560	8,515	6,105	46,820
French	6,560	2,190	4,175	190	10	4,270
Non-official language	21,050	13,295	85	175	7,500	170
Aboriginal	1,000	995	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	20,050	12,300	85	170	7,495	170
English and French	4,525	1,960	2,030	535	10	2,300
English and non-official language	15,935	14,515	95	215	1,115	200
French and non-official language	50	15	20	10	10	20
English, French and non-official language	300	155	45	100	10	95
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	2,467,410	2,393,930	49,000	9,735	14,740	53,875
None	2,370,575	2,315,770	35,300	7,995	11,510	39,300
English	13,810	9,360	2,865	205	1,380	2,965
French	23,920	12,885	10,350	685	10	10,685
Non-official language	57,635	54,910	255	645	1,830	580
Aboriginal	5,045	5,020	15	0	0	15
Non-Aboriginal	52,595	49,890	235	640	1,825	560
English and French	25	10	0	15	0	10
English and non-official language	215	195	10	0	15	10
French and non-official language	1,215	800	230	180	0	320
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,620,310	1,574,525	30,610	6,150	9,025	33,685
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,186,170	1,151,530	21,345	5,340	7,960	24,010
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	358,010	348,870	7,550	660	935	7,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	64,355	62,730	1,410	95	125	1,455
Commute to a different province or territory	11,775	11,390	310	65	10	340
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	1,927,375	1,870,115	38,535	7,560	11,165	42,310
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,497,435	1,455,855	30,135	4,995	6,455	32,635
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	99,635	95,865	1,535	455	1,785	1,760
Public transit	194,560	186,885	3,790	1,525	2,365	4,555
Walked	85,805	83,320	1,730	410	350	1,930
Bicycle	21,925	21,135	645	90	55	690
Other method	28,010	27,070	700	90	160	745
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	1,927,375	1,870,120	38,535	7,565	11,165	42,315
Less than 15 minutes	519,085	505,595	10,180	1,335	1,975	10,850
15 to 29 minutes	706,940	685,785	14,145	2,900	4,110	15,595
30 to 44 minutes	422,070	408,690	8,280	2,025	3,075	9,290
45 to 59 minutes	148,615	143,920	3,070	680	940	3,415
60 minutes and over	130,665	126,120	2,855	630	1,065	3,170
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	1,927,375	1,870,115	38,535	7,560	11,160	42,315
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	145,665	140,660	3,640	495	865	3,890
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	395,430	383,520	8,725	1,320	1,865	9,385
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	567,530	551,745	12,000	2,135	1,660	13,065
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	347,270	337,715	6,780	1,355	1,425	7,450
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	188,660	182,290	2,770	825	2,775	3,185
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	282,820	274,190	4,620	1,435	2,570	5,340
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	3,925,435	3,786,895	70,135	15,820	52,595	78,040
Non-movers	3,318,340	3,207,670	56,900	12,345	41,430	63,070
Movers	607,090	579,225	13,235	3,470	11,170	14,970
Non-migrants	394,230	379,365	7,730	2,410	4,725	8,935
Migrants	212,865	199,855	5,500	1,065	6,440	6,035
Internal migrants	166,390	159,850	4,830	680	1,030	5,170
Intraprovincial migrants	120,110	117,035	2,275	225	570	2,390
Interprovincial migrants	46,285	42,815	2,555	450	465	2,780
External migrants	46,475	40,005	670	385	5,410	865
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	3,714,635	3,586,775	68,200	15,395	44,270	75,895
Non-movers	2,052,580	1,990,760	34,130	5,895	21,795	37,080
Movers	1,662,055	1,596,020	34,065	9,500	22,470	38,815
Non-migrants	899,170	872,510	14,205	3,925	8,520	16,165
Migrants	762,890	723,510	19,855	5,575	13,950	22,645
Internal migrants	559,860	538,280	16,305	2,955	2,320	17,785
Intraprovincial migrants	333,770	326,760	5,605	620	790	5,915
Interprovincial migrants	226,085	211,525	10,700	2,330	1,525	11,870
External migrants	203,030	185,230	3,555	2,615	11,630	4,860

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Alberta

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.