Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Division No. 8

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	204,545	201,215	2,155	240	940	2,275
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	204,550	201,210	2,155	240	940	2,275
0 to 14 years	40,895	40,430	150	75	245	180
0 to 4 years	13,610	13,345	45	20	190	55
5 to 9 years	14,290	14,180	50	25	35	65
10 to 14 years	12,995	12,900	50	20	20	60
15 to 64 years	139,430	137,120	1,625	155	530	1,705
15 to 19 years	12,890	12,745	105	15	25	115
20 to 24 years	12,900	12,715	125	15	45	135
25 to 29 years	15,260	15,090	125	15	30	135
30 to 34 years	16,285	16,025	190	10	65	195
35 to 39 years	14,650	14,415	165	30	40	185
40 to 44 years	13,400	13,150	160	25	65	175
45 to 49 years	12,880	12,620	180	0	75	180
50 to 54 years	14,400	14,115	210	10	60	215
55 to 59 years	14,660	14,360	220	25	50	230
60 to 64 years	12,100	11,880	145	0	75	145
65 years and over	24,225	23,665	380	20	165	390
65 to 69 years	9,000	8,775	135	10	75	140
70 to 74 years	6,160	6,040	110	0	0	110
75 to 79 years	4,440	4,300	80	0	50	90
80 to 84 years	2,750	2,700	35	0	15	35
85 years and over	1,880	1,850	20	0	15	20
85 to 89 years	1,355	1,340	10	0	10	10
90 to 94 years	395	390	0	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	120	115	0	0	10	0
100 years and over	10	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	37.4	37.3	45.3	32.3	38.3	not applicable ...
Median age	36.3	36.2	46.5	33.6	41.0	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	163,655	160,785	2,010	170	695	2,095
Married or living common law	99,705	97,835	1,290	105	470	1,340
Married	81,510	79,995	955	95	465	1,000
Living common law	18,190	17,835	340	15	0	345
Not married and not living common law	63,950	62,950	720	60	225	750
Never married	42,425	41,890	385	40	110	410
Separated	4,255	4,170	55	10	20	60
Divorced	11,095	10,885	175	10	20	180
Widowed	6,175	6,010	95	10	70	100
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	163,660	160,785	2,010	170	695	2,090
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	156,945	154,250	1,925	170	600	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,077	59,107	54,003	0	23,903	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,727	40,873	40,685	0	20,446	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	156,970	154,275	1,930	170	600	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,135	48,154	45,180	0	22,247	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,500	36,603	36,759	0	20,078	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	145,740	143,385	1,775	160	425	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	58,695	58,681	53,148	0	25,746	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,672	39,786	39,047	0	26,478	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,670	91,930	1,195	115	430	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,662	7,649	8,415	8,399	8,016	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,183	5,172	7,320	5,417	2,795	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	125,545	123,500	1,540	150	360	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,677	53,808	50,021	43,722	28,737	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,129	39,244	37,038	27,583	29,632	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	92.3	92.3	90.3	0.0	75.4	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	72.7	72.9	73.9	0.0	72.1	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	7.7	7.7	9.6	0.0	24.0	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	163,660	160,785	2,005	165	695	2,095
Without total income	6,710	6,535	80	0	95	80
With total income	156,945	154,250	1,930	165	600	2,010
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	96.3	100.0	86.3	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	19,695	19,330	220	too unreliable to be published F	130	230
$10,000 to $19,999	20,255	19,825	235	too unreliable to be published F	165	250
$20,000 to $29,999	20,265	19,890	270	too unreliable to be published F	100	270
$30,000 to $39,999	17,025	16,655	220	too unreliable to be published F	120	235
$40,000 to $49,999	15,360	15,105	195	too unreliable to be published F	45	205
$50,000 to $59,999	13,100	12,935	115	too unreliable to be published F	25	130
$60,000 to $69,999	10,375	10,210	150	too unreliable to be published F	20	150
$70,000 to $79,999	8,465	8,335	120	too unreliable to be published F	0	130
$80,000 to $89,999	6,375	6,315	55	too unreliable to be published F	0	60
$90,000 to $99,999	5,720	5,610	100	too unreliable to be published F	0	105
$100,000 and over	20,305	20,045	245	too unreliable to be published F	0	255
$100,000 to $149,999	13,075	12,910	155	too unreliable to be published F	0	160
$150,000 and over	7,230	7,135	95	too unreliable to be published F	0	90
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	163,655	160,785	2,005	170	695	2,095
Without after-tax income	6,680	6,510	75	0	90	80
With after-tax income	156,970	154,280	1,930	170	600	2,010
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	96.0	96.3	100.0	86.3	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,220	19,840	230	too unreliable to be published F	130	240
$10,000 to $19,999	21,195	20,735	255	too unreliable to be published F	165	275
$20,000 to $29,999	23,575	23,125	290	too unreliable to be published F	135	305
$30,000 to $39,999	20,680	20,275	270	too unreliable to be published F	105	280
$40,000 to $49,999	18,390	18,135	200	too unreliable to be published F	45	205
$50,000 to $59,999	14,125	13,920	165	too unreliable to be published F	15	180
$60,000 to $69,999	10,490	10,325	160	too unreliable to be published F	0	160
$70,000 to $79,999	7,740	7,620	110	too unreliable to be published F	0	115
$80,000 and over	20,555	20,295	250	too unreliable to be published F	0	255
$80,000 to $89,999	5,955	5,890	55	too unreliable to be published F	0	60
$90,000 to $99,999	3,995	3,920	65	too unreliable to be published F	0	70
$100,000 and over	10,610	10,485	125	too unreliable to be published F	0	130
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	163,655	160,785	2,010	165	695	2,090
Without employment income	38,110	37,290	470	25	335	480
With employment income	125,545	123,500	1,540	150	360	1,615
Percentage with employment income	76.7	76.8	76.6	90.9	51.8	77.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,880	14,645	185	too unreliable to be published F	30	195
$5,000 to $9,999	9,005	8,865	115	too unreliable to be published F	20	120
$10,000 to $19,999	14,460	14,195	170	too unreliable to be published F	60	190
$20,000 to $29,999	12,850	12,595	175	too unreliable to be published F	70	180
$30,000 to $39,999	12,665	12,390	160	too unreliable to be published F	100	170
$40,000 to $49,999	11,495	11,315	135	too unreliable to be published F	40	135
$50,000 to $59,999	10,000	9,875	90	too unreliable to be published F	25	95
$60,000 to $69,999	7,710	7,580	110	too unreliable to be published F	10	115
$70,000 to $79,999	6,655	6,565	80	too unreliable to be published F	0	85
$80,000 and over	25,820	25,475	320	too unreliable to be published F	0	330
$80,000 to $89,999	5,055	4,985	60	too unreliable to be published F	0	70
$90,000 to $99,999	4,840	4,775	60	too unreliable to be published F	0	65
$100,000 and over	15,925	15,715	195	too unreliable to be published F	0	200
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	163,655	160,785	2,010	170	695	2,090
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	54,910	53,990	710	65	145	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	58,654	58,787	56,588	59,728	32,862	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	71,065	71,270	64,547	54,123	33,608	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	204,550	201,210	2,155	240	940	2,275
English only	194,015	194,015	0	0	0	0
French only	100	0	100	0	0	105
English and French	9,445	7,150	2,055	240	0	2,175
Neither English nor French	985	50	0	0	940	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	204,550	201,210	2,155	240	940	2,275
English	189,880	188,460	1,420	0	0	1,420
French	615	85	540	0	0	535
Non-official language	8,560	7,430	35	155	940	115
Aboriginal	340	335	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	8,220	7,095	30	155	940	110
English and French	245	75	110	65	0	140
English and non-official language	5,160	5,140	20	0	0	15
French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	75	25	35	25	0	40
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	204,545	201,210	2,155	240	940	2,275
None	191,880	189,600	1,240	190	850	1,335
English	4,170	3,755	305	50	65	330
French	1,585	1,035	550	0	0	555
Non-official language	6,755	6,690	35	0	25	40
Aboriginal	780	775	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	5,975	5,920	25	0	25	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	75	75	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	75	55	25	0	0	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	204,550	201,215	2,155	240	940	2,275
English	179,710	179,705	0	0	0	0
French	2,305	290	2,015	0	0	2,020
Non-official language	19,975	18,805	50	180	940	140
Aboriginal	975	975	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	19,000	17,835	55	175	940	145
English and French	340	240	40	55	0	70
English and non-official language	2,135	2,135	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	15	45	0	0	45
English, French and non-official language	20	20	0	10	0	10
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	204,550	201,210	2,155	240	940	2,275
Official languages	203,560	201,170	2,155	240	0	2,275
English	203,460	201,165	2,055	240	0	2,175
French	9,545	7,150	2,155	240	0	2,275
Non-official languages	26,425	25,010	290	185	940	385
Aboriginal languages	1,635	1,610	20	0	0	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	24,805	23,410	275	185	935	365
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	204,545	201,215	2,155	240	940	2,275
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	14,695	14,520	170	0	0	170
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	14,435	14,265	170	0	0	170
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	8,130	8,105	15	0	0	20
Métis	6,185	6,035	150	0	0	150
Inuk (Inuit)	120	125	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	155	150	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	110	110	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	189,850	186,690	1,985	240	935	2,100
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	204,550	201,215	2,155	240	940	2,275
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	7,170	7,145	15	0	0	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	197,380	194,060	2,140	240	940	2,260
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	204,545	201,215	2,155	240	940	2,275
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	5,990	5,960	30	0	10	35
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	5,915	5,885	30	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	5,130	5,110	20	0	0	20
Métis single ancestry	755	740	10	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	35	35	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	75	75	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	70	70	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	12,450	12,230	225	0	0	225
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	11,995	11,790	210	0	0	210
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,675	6,575	105	0	0	110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,200	5,100	100	0	0	100
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	115	120	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	455	440	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	420	405	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	186,105	183,020	1,905	240	940	2,025
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	204,550	201,215	2,155	240	940	2,275
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	192,950	190,325	2,070	195	355	2,170
Canadian citizens only	190,010	187,505	2,015	155	330	2,095
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,940	2,820	55	40	25	80
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	11,600	10,885	80	50	585	105
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	204,550	201,210	2,155	240	945	2,275
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	180,735	178,580	1,905	80	165	1,950
Immigrants^Footnote 42	21,805	20,755	240	150	650	315
Before 1981	4,485	4,425	30	15	10	40
1981 to 1990	1,825	1,760	10	10	50	15
1991 to 2000	2,730	2,595	35	35	65	55
2001 to 2010	6,160	5,800	85	65	215	115
2001 to 2005	2,200	2,100	10	20	65	25
2006 to 2010	3,955	3,695	70	35	145	95
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	6,600	6,185	75	30	310	90
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	2,010	1,875	10	10	125	15
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	21,800	20,755	240	150	655	315
Under 5 years	2,125	2,030	25	15	60	30
5 to 14 years	4,580	4,450	65	25	40	75
15 to 24 years	4,135	4,010	25	30	75	40
25 to 44 years	9,450	9,015	120	75	230	160
45 years and over	1,510	1,250	10	0	245	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	21,800	20,760	240	150	655	315
Americas	3,525	3,320	55	55	95	85
Brazil	40	40	0	0	0	0
Colombia	365	350	0	0	15	0
El Salvador	650	595	0	10	55	0
Guyana	65	65	0	0	0	0
Haiti	65	35	30	0	0	30
Jamaica	60	60	0	0	0	0
Mexico	215	210	0	0	0	0
Peru	45	35	0	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	60	55	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,375	1,355	15	10	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	595	525	15	30	20	25
Europe	6,870	6,720	50	40	65	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	95	90	0	0	0	0
Croatia	60	60	0	0	0	0
France	45	10	35	0	0	35
Germany	710	690	10	10	0	10
Greece	75	70	0	0	0	0
Hungary	75	75	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	90	85	0	0	0	0
Italy	80	75	0	10	0	0
Netherlands	1,385	1,380	0	0	0	0
Poland	210	205	0	0	0	0
Portugal	60	55	0	0	0	0
Romania	215	205	0	0	10	0
Russian Federation	230	215	0	10	15	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	35	35	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	465	455	0	0	15	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	2,305	2,305	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	745	715	10	10	0	15
Africa	1,515	1,385	90	25	15	100
Algeria	30	10	10	10	0	20
Egypt	70	65	10	10	0	0
Ethiopia	40	35	0	0	0	0
Kenya	35	35	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	210	210	0	0	0	0
Somalia	65	65	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	370	370	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	675	585	65	0	15	70
Asia	9,645	9,090	45	30	480	60
Afghanistan	175	135	0	0	45	0
Bangladesh	65	65	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	520	400	0	0	120	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	150	135	0	0	10	0
India	700	660	0	10	30	0
Iran^Footnote 53	75	65	0	10	0	0
Iraq	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	310	290	0	0	25	0
Lebanon	85	40	15	10	15	20
Pakistan	285	275	0	0	10	0
Philippines	5,990	5,955	15	10	15	25
Sri Lanka	120	120	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	190	60	0	0	130	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	275	250	0	0	30	0
Other places of birth in Asia	645	585	0	10	50	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	240	240	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	6,605	6,185	75	30	315	90
Americas	600	555	25	10	15	25
Brazil	15	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	60	60	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	15	0	0	10
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	100	100	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	140	125	10	10	0	15
Venezuela^Footnote 59	10	0	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	250	235	0	10	10	0
Europe	840	810	0	10	30	0
France	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	35	35	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	20	25	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	20	20	0	0	0	0
Romania	55	55	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	30	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	350	340	0	0	15	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	180	175	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	135	125	0	0	10	10
Africa	420	370	30	10	20	35
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	55	30	25	0	0	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	20	0	0	0	10
Eritrea	15	10	0	0	10	0
Ethiopia	20	20	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	115	115	0	0	0	0
Somalia	15	15	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	75	80	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	85	10	0	10	0
Asia	4,690	4,410	25	10	255	25
Afghanistan	70	55	0	0	20	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	85	60	0	0	25	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	10	0	0	0	0	0
India	290	275	0	0	15	0
Iran^Footnote 65	10	10	0	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	85	75	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	10	0
Nepal	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	45	50	0	0	0	0
Philippines	3,620	3,595	20	0	10	15
Saudi Arabia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	55	50	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	180	55	0	0	125	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	185	145	10	0	35	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	45	50	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	40	35	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	204,550	201,215	2,155	240	940	2,275
First generation^Footnote 71	24,735	23,540	265	160	780	340
Second generation^Footnote 72	29,580	29,260	140	40	135	160
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	150,235	148,410	1,750	45	30	1,775
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	17,550	16,565	205	135	645	275
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	11,240	10,875	105	90	175	145
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	4,340	4,200	30	55	60	60
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	6,900	6,675	75	35	115	90
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	4,115	3,815	40	25	245	55
Refugees^Footnote 79	2,060	1,745	60	25	225	75
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	140	135	0	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	204,545	201,215	2,155	240	940	2,275
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	19,170	18,090	205	115	755	265
South Asian^Footnote 83	2,080	2,020	0	10	60	0
Chinese	1,680	1,515	0	0	160	0
Black	2,455	2,270	120	25	45	130
Filipino	7,800	7,725	35	10	35	40
Latin American	2,070	1,845	10	65	150	45
Arab	505	350	20	10	125	25
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	800	705	10	0	85	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	445	380	0	10	60	10
Korean	465	420	10	0	40	10
Japanese	270	270	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	135	135	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	460	455	0	0	10	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	185,380	183,120	1,950	120	185	2,010
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	204,550	201,215	2,155	240	940	2,275
North American Aboriginal origins	18,445	18,190	250	0	0	255
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,315	12,170	140	0	0	140
Inuit	195	195	0	0	0	0
Métis	6,465	6,345	125	0	0	125
Other North American origins	60,605	59,600	930	35	35	950
Acadian	185	120	60	10	0	60
American	4,425	4,410	10	0	0	15
Canadian	57,530	56,575	885	30	40	900
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	130	130	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Québécois	35	30	10	0	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	151,275	149,470	1,480	120	210	1,540
British Isles origins	99,340	98,965	330	20	15	345
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	10	0	0	0	0
English	57,640	57,475	120	25	15	135
Irish	35,840	35,650	180	10	0	185
Manx	35	40	0	0	0	0
Scottish	44,625	44,560	65	0	0	65
Welsh	5,440	5,440	0	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	4,505	4,495	10	0	0	10
French origins	21,840	20,460	1,340	30	10	1,355
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	21,835	20,460	1,340	35	10	1,355
Western European origins (except French origins)	59,410	59,200	95	55	55	125
Austrian	1,655	1,660	0	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,135	1,115	15	0	0	15
Dutch	14,200	14,180	10	0	15	10
Flemish	190	185	0	0	0	0
Frisian	30	30	0	0	0	0
German	45,715	45,565	55	45	40	80
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	1,710	1,680	20	10	10	25
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	85	90	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,175	25,145	20	10	0	25
Danish	4,985	4,985	0	0	0	0
Finnish	1,470	1,465	0	0	0	10
Icelandic	1,700	1,700	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	12,170	12,170	0	0	0	0
Swedish	7,095	7,075	10	15	0	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,010	1,005	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	33,360	33,205	45	10	105	50
Bulgarian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Czech	955	955	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	705	710	0	0	0	0
Estonian	270	270	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	3,245	3,230	10	0	10	10
Latvian	155	155	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	170	170	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Polish	8,025	8,000	20	0	10	25
Romanian	1,580	1,565	0	0	10	0
Russian	6,075	6,045	0	10	20	0
Slovak	260	265	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	17,085	17,005	20	10	50	20
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	75	75	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	7,595	7,420	85	50	40	110
Albanian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	340	340	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	525	520	0	0	10	0
Italian	3,935	3,870	30	15	10	40
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	75	75	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	550	520	25	0	0	25
Serbian	160	145	10	0	0	10
Sicilian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	75	70	0	0	0	0
Spanish	1,870	1,780	30	30	25	45
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	215	200	10	0	0	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,075	1,060	10	0	0	10
Basque	15	20	0	0	0	0
Jewish	265	260	10	0	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	60	55	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	40	40	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	695	690	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	835	785	35	15	0	40
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	55	50	0	0	0	0
Dominican	60	50	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	125	90	30	0	0	35
Jamaican	330	330	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	20	20	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	30	30	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	45	45	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,650	2,460	10	55	125	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	85	85	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Chilean	140	140	0	0	0	0
Colombian	490	460	10	0	20	10
Costa Rican	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	110	65	0	25	15	15
Guyanese	70	70	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	90	70	0	0	15	0
Honduran	55	55	0	0	0	0
Maya	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mexican	590	550	0	10	45	0
Nicaraguan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	55	45	0	10	0	10
Salvadorean	675	635	0	10	35	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	25	30	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	145	135	0	10	0	10
African origins	2,630	2,460	95	40	35	115
Central and West African origins	675	610	50	10	0	60
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	110	65	30	10	0	35
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	25	20	10	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	125	125	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ibo	105	100	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	275	265	0	10	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	25	25	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	20	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	35	35	0	0	0	0
North African origins	440	375	30	20	15	40
Algerian	45	20	10	15	0	15
Berber	35	30	0	10	0	0
Coptic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	50	50	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	110	95	10	10	0	10
Libyan	30	35	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	150	140	0	0	10	0
Tunisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	825	810	0	0	15	10
Afrikaner	20	20	0	0	0	0
Amhara	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	45	45	0	0	10	0
Ethiopian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	120	105	0	0	10	0
South African	405	405	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Zulu	15	15	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	80	80	0	0	0	10
Other African origins	725	700	15	0	10	15
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	90	85	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	645	620	10	0	0	15
Asian origins	15,270	14,585	70	40	570	95
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,330	1,090	15	25	195	30
Afghan	330	280	0	0	50	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	125	85	0	10	40	0
Armenian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	130	120	0	10	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	30	25	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	30	25	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	250	220	20	15	0	25
Palestinian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	210	120	0	0	95	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	75	75	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	35	35	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,140	2,075	0	0	60	0
Bangladeshi	60	60	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,550	1,510	0	10	35	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	240	230	0	0	10	0
Punjabi	125	125	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	135	125	0	0	15	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	70	70	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	11,770	11,395	55	10	315	60
Burmese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	155	0	0	15	10
Chinese	2,485	2,310	0	0	170	10
Filipino	8,150	8,075	40	10	30	45
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Japanese	395	395	0	0	0	0
Karen	20	20	0	0	0	0
Korean	480	430	0	10	40	10
Laotian	75	65	0	0	10	0
Malaysian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	155	115	0	0	45	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	365	340	0	0	25	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	100	95	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	95	95	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	600	600	0	0	0	0
Australian	310	310	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	190	185	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	120	120	0	0	0	0
Fijian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	35	35	0	0	0	0
Samoan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	163,655	160,780	2,010	170	695	2,095
No certificate, diploma or degree	31,520	30,720	350	10	445	350
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	50,380	49,635	545	35	160	565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,760	80,425	1,110	130	90	1,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,965	20,710	225	15	10	230
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	5,620	5,515	95	10	10	95
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	15,345	15,195	130	15	0	135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	34,655	34,100	500	30	30	515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,340	4,215	95	25	10	105
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	21,790	21,400	290	65	40	325
Bachelor's degree	16,300	16,000	225	50	20	250
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,190	1,155	15	0	20	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	815	805	0	10	0	10
Master's degree	3,115	3,065	40	10	0	45
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	365	360	10	0	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	163,655	160,785	2,010	170	695	2,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	81,900	80,360	895	40	605	915
Education	6,560	6,465	85	10	10	85
13. Education	6,560	6,460	85	0	10	90
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,745	1,700	30	0	10	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	305	305	0	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,430	1,395	30	0	10	30
Humanities	2,300	2,235	50	15	0	55
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	135	100	25	10	0	25
23. English language and literature/letters	415	420	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	475	0	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	205	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	825	805	10	0	0	15
54. History	210	200	10	0	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	35	30	10	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,590	5,495	85	15	0	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	85	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	490	485	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,665	1,645	20	0	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	1,160	1,140	20	0	0	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	95	95	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	925	915	10	0	0	15
45. Social sciences	1,175	1,135	30	10	0	40
Business, management and public administration	14,715	14,415	255	20	25	265
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	40	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,285	1,255	20	10	10	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,385	13,115	235	15	20	240
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,600	1,575	15	10	0	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	505	10	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	375	10	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	20	15	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	335	330	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	350	345	10	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,600	1,570	20	10	0	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,325	1,300	20	10	0	20
25. Library science	130	135	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	135	10	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	23,170	22,815	305	25	25	315
04. Architecture and related services	305	300	0	10	0	0
14. Engineering	2,025	1,980	30	0	10	35
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,940	3,840	90	0	10	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,240	6,155	75	0	10	75
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,185	7,090	90	10	0	90
48. Precision production	3,480	3,455	25	0	0	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,365	3,315	40	10	10	45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,690	2,650	30	0	0	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	670	665	10	0	0	10
Health and related fields	15,240	15,035	165	30	10	180
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	945	930	15	0	0	20
51. Health professions and related programs	14,135	13,950	145	30	10	160
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	155	155	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,875	5,800	60	10	10	60
12. Personal and culinary services	3,700	3,650	40	10	10	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	870	850	20	0	0	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,270	1,270	0	0	0	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	163,655	160,785	2,010	170	695	2,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,900	80,355	900	35	605	915
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	81,755	80,430	1,110	130	90	1,175
Location of study inside Canada	72,040	70,955	1,020	50	10	1,040
Same as province or territory of residence	56,795	56,295	445	40	10	470
Different than province or territory of residence	15,245	14,665	565	15	0	575
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	9,720	9,470	95	80	80	130
United States^Footnote 130	1,740	1,735	0	0	0	0
Philippines	3,210	3,195	0	0	10	10
India	385	385	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	790	785	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	130	110	0	0	20	0
France	40	15	25	0	0	25
Other	3,425	3,240	55	75	55	90
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	163,655	160,785	2,010	170	695	not applicable ...
In the labour force	116,740	114,820	1,445	135	345	not applicable ...
Employed	104,445	102,670	1,330	135	315	not applicable ...
Unemployed	12,290	12,150	115	0	25	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	46,915	45,960	565	35	350	not applicable ...
Participation rate	71.3	71.4	71.9	79.4	49.6	not applicable ...
Employment rate	63.8	63.9	66.2	79.4	45.3	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	10.5	10.6	8.0	0.0	7.2	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	163,655	160,785	2,005	170	695	2,090
Did not work^Footnote 135	40,740	39,835	525	25	355	535
Worked	122,915	120,950	1,485	145	335	1,555
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	57,300	56,350	745	65	145	775
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	65,610	64,595	745	85	185	785
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	41.8	41.9	37.2	42.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	126,395	124,360	1,535	150	355	1,605
a.Management	14,025	13,845	165	10	10	170
00 Senior management occupations	925	910	10	0	0	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	2,825	2,785	40	0	0	35
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	4,215	4,160	45	0	0	50
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,065	5,990	65	10	0	70
b.Professional	14,000	13,770	195	30	10	215
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	2,075	2,040	35	0	0	30
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,815	1,785	30	0	0	30
30 Professional occupations in nursing	2,415	2,385	20	10	0	20
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,430	1,415	10	10	0	15
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,385	3,300	80	10	10	80
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,305	2,275	25	10	0	25
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	575	565	10	0	0	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	11,225	11,010	190	10	15	195
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	3,950	3,885	50	10	10	50
32 Technical occupations in health	2,445	2,405	35	0	10	35
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,195	2,145	45	0	10	45
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	795	760	35	0	0	35
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,835	1,810	25	0	0	25
d.Administration and administrative support	15,075	14,905	155	10	10	160
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	5,615	5,530	85	0	0	80
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,970	1,960	10	0	0	10
14 Office support occupations	5,300	5,255	35	10	10	35
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	2,195	2,165	30	0	0	30
e.Sales	12,045	11,875	140	15	10	150
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,305	2,270	30	10	0	35
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	5,555	5,485	60	10	0	65
66 Sales support occupations	4,175	4,115	45	0	10	50
f.Personal and customer information services	21,655	21,200	275	25	155	290
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	2,845	2,825	10	10	0	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	3,105	3,035	55	10	0	60
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	3,675	3,565	40	0	60	40
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,995	4,915	70	0	0	70
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	7,045	6,855	95	0	80	100
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	14,465	14,235	185	30	15	205
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	9,535	9,335	165	25	10	175
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	4,930	4,905	25	0	0	30
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	10,770	10,665	85	0	15	95
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,520	1,500	15	0	10	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	6,625	6,550	70	10	0	70
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,625	2,615	0	0	10	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	7,860	7,695	75	0	85	80
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	2,995	2,955	35	0	0	35
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	3,025	2,920	30	0	75	35
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	1,835	1,825	10	0	0	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,275	5,150	60	15	55	65
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,085	2,045	40	0	0	40
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	1,315	1,295	10	0	10	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	540	530	0	0	0	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,330	1,270	10	10	35	15
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	126,400	124,360	1,535	150	350	1,610
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,610	6,465	55	10	85	60
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	6,305	6,165	50	10	85	55
113 Forestry and logging	50	45	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	10	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	250	250	0	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10,495	10,360	125	10	0	130
211 Oil and gas extraction	2,475	2,440	30	0	0	30
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	275	265	10	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	7,740	7,655	85	0	0	90
22 Utilities	630	630	0	0	0	0
221 Utilities	630	630	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	13,800	13,550	230	15	10	235
236 Construction of buildings	3,245	3,165	75	0	0	80
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	3,180	3,145	35	0	10	35
238 Specialty trade contractors	7,375	7,245	120	15	10	120
31-33 Manufacturing	8,055	7,870	95	15	70	105
311 Food manufacturing	2,165	2,095	15	10	50	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	80	80	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	15	15	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	45	45	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	30	25	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	185	180	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	40	35	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	140	140	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	370	370	0	10	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,425	1,410	10	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	265	250	20	0	0	15
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	385	380	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	225	225	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	915	885	20	0	10	20
333 Machinery manufacturing	720	700	20	0	0	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	110	105	0	0	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	60	60	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	175	170	0	0	0	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	390	370	10	0	0	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	320	315	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	3,885	3,835	40	0	0	40
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	65	60	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	235	230	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	260	255	10	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	175	170	0	0	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	370	360	0	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	630	625	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,665	1,655	0	0	0	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	410	405	0	0	0	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	70	70	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	15,245	15,065	150	10	10	155
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,485	2,455	25	0	0	25
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	485	480	10	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	545	540	10	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,125	1,105	20	0	0	20
445 Food and beverage stores	3,130	3,090	35	0	10	35
446 Health and personal care stores	1,200	1,200	0	0	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	680	665	10	0	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,420	1,400	20	0	0	25
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	780	780	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,860	1,835	15	10	0	20
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	855	855	10	0	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	665	665	0	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,575	4,500	70	0	0	70
481 Air transportation	150	140	10	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	215	205	10	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	10	0	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	2,240	2,210	25	10	0	25
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	580	565	15	0	0	15
486 Pipeline transportation	65	70	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	435	425	10	0	0	10
491 Postal service	375	375	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	345	345	10	0	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	160	160	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,150	1,125	20	10	0	20
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	180	180	0	0	0	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	210	210	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	95	95	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	330	310	15	10	0	20
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	50	50	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	285	285	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	3,000	2,970	25	0	0	25
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	1,610	1,590	15	0	0	15
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	395	390	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	975	965	10	0	0	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	20	20	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,160	2,135	20	0	0	20
531 Real estate	1,565	1,550	10	0	0	10
532 Rental and leasing services	580	570	10	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	15	15	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,110	6,005	90	10	0	95
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,110	6,005	95	15	0	100
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110	105	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	105	110	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,140	4,045	35	0	60	35
561 Administrative and support services	3,770	3,675	35	0	55	35
562 Waste management and remediation services	375	370	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	7,215	7,015	175	15	10	185
611 Educational services	7,215	7,015	175	15	10	185
62 Health care and social assistance	14,790	14,595	155	30	10	170
621 Ambulatory health care services	4,840	4,770	55	15	10	65
622 Hospitals	4,745	4,695	40	10	0	40
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,470	2,455	15	0	0	15
624 Social assistance	2,730	2,675	45	10	0	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,340	2,325	20	0	0	20
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	565	555	0	0	0	10
712 Heritage institutions	125	125	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,650	1,640	10	0	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	9,115	8,930	85	10	90	95
721 Accommodation services	1,400	1,370	15	10	0	15
722 Food services and drinking places	7,720	7,560	75	0	85	75
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,975	6,915	50	10	0	55
811 Repair and maintenance	3,350	3,325	10	10	0	15
812 Personal and laundry services	1,760	1,730	25	0	0	25
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,380	1,365	15	0	0	15
814 Private households	490	490	0	0	0	0
91 Public administration	6,005	5,915	85	0	0	85
911 Federal government public administration	1,780	1,730	45	10	0	45
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,380	1,370	0	0	0	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,655	2,625	30	0	0	30
914 Aboriginal public administration	180	185	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	104,450	102,675	1,325	130	320	1,395
Worked at home	9,300	9,160	85	10	45	90
Worked outside Canada	310	300	0	0	10	10
No fixed workplace address	16,450	16,135	270	25	25	280
Worked at usual place	78,385	77,085	970	100	240	1,015
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	126,395	124,360	1,540	145	355	1,610
English	125,175	123,530	1,340	125	175	1,405
French	280	130	130	15	10	135
Non-official language	455	290	0	0	160	0
Aboriginal	25	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	425	265	0	0	160	0
English and French	155	80	65	10	0	65
English and non-official language	345	320	0	0	15	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	126,400	124,360	1,535	145	350	1,610
None	123,390	121,835	1,170	110	280	1,220
English	385	290	75	0	15	75
French	655	365	270	10	0	280
Non-official language	1,930	1,825	25	20	60	35
Aboriginal	245	245	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,685	1,580	20	25	60	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	45	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	78,390	77,080	965	100	240	1,015
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	43,900	43,025	595	80	205	635
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	29,190	28,820	315	20	35	325
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,940	4,885	50	0	10	50
Commute to a different province or territory	355	350	10	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	94,840	93,215	1,235	120	265	1,295
Car, truck, van - as a driver	81,790	80,440	1,095	105	150	1,145
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,715	4,570	50	0	95	50
Public transit	2,495	2,455	20	10	15	20
Walked	3,615	3,565	45	0	0	50
Bicycle	685	680	10	0	0	0
Other method	1,535	1,515	20	0	0	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	94,840	93,215	1,235	120	265	1,295
Less than 15 minutes	36,075	35,460	485	25	110	490
15 to 29 minutes	36,580	35,885	495	70	135	530
30 to 44 minutes	13,375	13,190	160	10	20	165
45 to 59 minutes	3,460	3,430	25	10	0	30
60 minutes and over	5,340	5,250	70	10	10	75
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	94,835	93,215	1,240	120	265	1,295
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,140	6,960	130	10	45	135
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	18,055	17,760	210	25	60	225
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	29,745	29,315	375	25	25	385
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,535	17,200	280	25	25	295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,410	8,210	115	25	60	130
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,955	13,780	120	10	45	130
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	201,920	198,665	2,145	240	870	2,265
Non-movers	169,755	167,195	1,710	185	670	1,800
Movers	32,170	31,470	440	55	200	465
Non-migrants	18,080	17,725	235	30	95	255
Migrants	14,085	13,750	200	30	105	215
Internal migrants	13,105	12,875	195	25	0	210
Intraprovincial migrants	11,065	10,905	130	25	0	145
Interprovincial migrants	2,040	1,970	60	0	0	60
External migrants	975	875	0	0	100	10
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	190,940	187,865	2,110	220	745	2,220
Non-movers	104,010	102,670	1,025	90	225	1,070
Movers	86,930	85,200	1,085	130	520	1,150
Non-migrants	40,585	39,965	415	65	145	450
Migrants	46,345	45,235	670	70	375	700
Internal migrants	40,590	39,865	585	50	90	605
Intraprovincial migrants	30,240	29,905	285	20	35	295
Interprovincial migrants	10,345	9,960	300	30	55	320
External migrants	5,760	5,370	85	20	285	90

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Division No. 8

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.6%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.