Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Division No. 11

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,485	6,645	19,935	30,805
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,485	6,640	19,940	30,805
0 to 14 years	251,880	242,555	2,980	1,540	4,800	3,755
0 to 4 years	87,945	82,410	1,085	295	4,150	1,235
5 to 9 years	86,915	84,875	1,085	510	445	1,340
10 to 14 years	77,025	75,265	805	745	210	1,175
15 to 64 years	934,970	902,315	20,080	4,830	7,745	22,495
15 to 19 years	77,370	75,510	950	770	145	1,335
20 to 24 years	94,090	91,880	1,455	545	210	1,725
25 to 29 years	110,695	107,425	2,310	540	420	2,575
30 to 34 years	114,250	110,580	2,565	555	545	2,840
35 to 39 years	102,340	98,560	2,385	770	625	2,775
40 to 44 years	91,480	88,115	2,055	525	785	2,320
45 to 49 years	87,505	84,485	1,830	415	780	2,035
50 to 54 years	93,165	89,635	2,130	335	1,055	2,300
55 to 59 years	89,850	85,880	2,380	225	1,370	2,485
60 to 64 years	74,230	70,245	2,020	160	1,810	2,100
65 years and over	154,080	142,005	4,415	265	7,385	4,550
65 to 69 years	56,825	53,370	1,485	120	1,850	1,540
70 to 74 years	38,105	35,395	1,105	50	1,555	1,135
75 to 79 years	26,895	24,595	875	35	1,385	895
80 to 84 years	18,435	16,575	605	35	1,230	620
85 years and over	13,820	12,070	355	20	1,375	365
85 to 89 years	9,825	8,670	250	10	900	255
90 to 94 years	3,360	2,860	85	15	400	90
95 to 99 years	565	480	20	0	65	20
100 years and over	70	60	0	0	0	0
Average age	37.3	37.1	43.1	30.6	48.1	not applicable ...
Median age	36.0	35.8	42.4	29.3	57.3	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	1,089,045	1,044,320	24,500	5,095	15,135	27,050
Married or living common law	644,225	615,380	15,580	2,865	10,395	17,010
Married	537,885	512,710	12,295	2,665	10,220	13,630
Living common law	106,340	102,670	3,285	200	180	3,390
Not married and not living common law	444,825	428,940	8,915	2,235	4,735	10,035
Never married	314,505	306,080	5,700	1,890	835	6,645
Separated	25,205	24,145	595	120	340	655
Divorced	65,330	63,010	1,575	150	590	1,650
Widowed	39,795	35,705	1,050	70	2,965	1,085
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	1,089,045	1,044,320	24,505	5,095	15,130	27,050
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,037,385	995,735	23,630	4,465	13,555	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	60,535	61,067	64,321	42,768	20,738	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,684	44,197	48,427	33,347	18,264	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,037,660	995,990	23,635	4,470	13,565	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,314	49,720	51,758	36,698	19,401	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,698	39,128	42,294	30,997	18,070	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	963,160	928,600	22,180	4,110	8,265	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	60,607	60,990	63,068	42,183	20,139	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,307	43,644	46,812	31,110	12,387	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	614,185	585,560	14,290	3,045	11,290	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,203	7,123	8,458	5,764	10,157	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,056	3,937	6,671	2,527	11,127	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	841,380	813,360	18,770	3,785	5,460	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	57,368	57,558	61,632	40,272	26,286	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,305	44,546	48,925	30,045	21,544	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	93.0	93.1	92.0	90.8	59.2	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.9	77.0	76.1	79.8	51.1	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	7.0	6.9	8.0	9.2	40.8	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	1,089,050	1,044,320	24,500	5,095	15,130	27,050
Without total income	51,660	48,585	875	630	1,575	1,190
With total income	1,037,385	995,735	23,630	4,465	13,555	25,860
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.3	96.4	87.6	89.6	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	128,705	122,465	2,170	855	3,215	2,595
$10,000 to $19,999	129,010	120,365	2,600	665	5,380	2,935
$20,000 to $29,999	122,135	116,265	2,715	575	2,580	3,000
$30,000 to $39,999	102,665	98,760	2,425	480	1,005	2,665
$40,000 to $49,999	98,270	94,965	2,250	425	625	2,465
$50,000 to $59,999	88,620	85,735	2,175	375	335	2,365
$60,000 to $69,999	73,665	71,425	1,820	270	150	1,960
$70,000 to $79,999	59,740	57,855	1,580	225	80	1,695
$80,000 to $89,999	47,335	45,940	1,170	170	55	1,255
$90,000 to $99,999	40,770	39,500	1,135	105	40	1,180
$100,000 and over	146,470	142,465	3,595	320	95	3,755
$100,000 to $149,999	95,475	92,815	2,335	245	80	2,460
$150,000 and over	50,995	49,650	1,255	75	20	1,290
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	1,089,050	1,044,315	24,500	5,100	15,135	27,050
Without after-tax income	51,390	48,330	865	630	1,570	1,180
With after-tax income	1,037,655	995,985	23,640	4,470	13,565	25,870
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.4	96.5	87.6	89.6	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	131,695	125,360	2,250	855	3,225	2,675
$10,000 to $19,999	134,680	125,805	2,770	675	5,435	3,110
$20,000 to $29,999	141,380	134,835	3,135	640	2,765	3,455
$30,000 to $39,999	127,910	123,240	2,955	615	1,100	3,265
$40,000 to $49,999	123,275	119,210	2,965	530	560	3,235
$50,000 to $59,999	99,415	96,365	2,455	385	210	2,650
$60,000 to $69,999	74,120	71,885	1,890	235	110	2,010
$70,000 to $79,999	56,860	54,980	1,575	235	75	1,690
$80,000 and over	148,325	144,315	3,630	300	75	3,785
$80,000 to $89,999	43,205	42,015	1,095	90	10	1,140
$90,000 to $99,999	28,540	27,690	740	90	25	785
$100,000 and over	76,580	74,615	1,800	120	45	1,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	1,089,045	1,044,320	24,500	5,100	15,130	27,050
Without employment income	247,670	230,960	5,730	1,310	9,670	6,385
With employment income	841,380	813,360	18,770	3,785	5,465	20,665
Percentage with employment income	77.3	77.9	76.6	74.2	36.1	76.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	86,940	83,935	1,820	475	715	2,060
$5,000 to $9,999	54,710	52,520	1,155	355	680	1,330
$10,000 to $19,999	91,790	88,055	1,930	605	1,200	2,230
$20,000 to $29,999	77,555	74,580	1,410	445	1,120	1,635
$30,000 to $39,999	75,930	73,260	1,585	390	695	1,785
$40,000 to $49,999	76,725	74,295	1,685	300	455	1,830
$50,000 to $59,999	71,065	68,930	1,560	320	260	1,720
$60,000 to $69,999	59,430	57,635	1,480	210	110	1,585
$70,000 to $79,999	49,325	47,845	1,235	175	70	1,315
$80,000 and over	197,900	192,305	4,920	520	155	5,180
$80,000 to $89,999	40,160	38,985	975	155	40	1,050
$90,000 to $99,999	36,450	35,305	1,015	95	35	1,070
$100,000 and over	121,290	118,015	2,930	265	80	3,060
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	1,089,050	1,044,315	24,500	5,095	15,135	27,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	393,245	381,705	8,625	1,380	1,530	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	64,820	64,918	68,906	54,092	31,094	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	78,136	78,239	84,612	57,350	34,961	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,485	6,640	19,935	30,805
English only	1,223,260	1,223,260	0	0	0	0
French only	1,685	0	1,680	0	0	1,680
English and French	95,540	63,115	25,785	6,640	0	29,105
Neither English nor French	20,445	495	15	0	19,935	15
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	1,340,925	1,286,870	27,485	6,640	19,935	30,805
English	1,087,470	1,073,040	14,430	0	0	14,430
French	10,575	500	10,075	0	0	10,075
Non-official language	171,010	145,140	725	5,215	19,935	3,330
Aboriginal	565	560	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	170,450	144,575	725	5,215	19,935	3,330
English and French	2,610	605	1,245	765	0	1,625
English and non-official language	67,420	67,240	180	0	0	180
French and non-official language	625	60	560	0	0	565
English, French and non-official language	1,215	280	270	660	0	600
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,485	6,640	19,935	30,805
None	1,147,320	1,110,505	15,300	3,375	18,140	16,985
English	77,965	70,050	4,800	2,135	975	5,865
French	14,610	8,850	5,485	280	0	5,625
Non-official language	97,470	95,050	1,335	310	775	1,490
Aboriginal	3,700	3,690	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	93,775	91,365	1,325	310	775	1,475
English and French	615	60	80	465	0	315
English and non-official language	1,780	1,455	270	25	30	280
French and non-official language	1,095	890	195	10	0	200
English, French and non-official language	75	0	25	45	0	50
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,480	6,640	19,935	30,800
English	966,735	966,705	30	0	0	30
French	26,920	2,245	24,670	0	0	24,675
Non-official language	313,860	286,700	1,470	5,750	19,940	4,345
Aboriginal	3,360	3,350	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	310,495	283,345	1,470	5,745	19,935	4,340
English and French	3,795	2,865	205	720	0	570
English and non-official language	27,790	27,790	0	0	0	10
French and non-official language	1,320	245	1,075	0	0	1,080
English, French and non-official language	515	320	25	170	0	110
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	1,340,925	1,286,870	27,485	6,640	19,935	30,805
Official languages	1,320,485	1,286,375	27,465	6,640	0	30,790
English	1,318,800	1,286,375	25,790	6,640	0	29,105
French	97,220	63,115	27,470	6,640	0	30,790
Non-official languages	403,600	371,885	5,715	6,065	19,940	8,740
Aboriginal languages	6,790	6,755	25	0	0	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	396,955	365,265	5,695	6,060	19,935	8,725
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,485	6,640	19,935	30,800
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	83,750	82,500	1,170	55	25	1,200
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	81,890	80,690	1,125	50	25	1,155
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	39,585	39,315	235	20	15	245
Métis	41,150	40,240	870	30	10	880
Inuk (Inuit)	1,160	1,135	25	0	0	25
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	1,100	1,080	25	0	0	25
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	755	735	15	0	0	20
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,257,180	1,204,370	26,315	6,585	19,910	29,605
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,485	6,640	19,935	30,805
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	35,175	34,985	165	20	0	180
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,305,750	1,251,885	27,315	6,615	19,930	30,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,480	6,640	19,935	30,800
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	28,050	27,835	195	25	10	200
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	26,965	26,750	190	20	10	200
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	20,460	20,375	75	10	10	75
Métis single ancestry	6,200	6,075	110	15	0	115
Inuit single ancestry	310	300	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	1,085	1,085	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,000	1,000	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	45	45	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	30	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	70,060	68,205	1,785	40	25	1,810
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	66,355	64,580	1,710	40	25	1,735
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,385	35,400	930	35	15	945
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	28,965	28,165	785	0	0	785
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,005	1,005	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	3,705	3,625	80	0	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,435	3,365	75	0	0	70
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	150	145	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	105	105	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	1,242,815	1,190,830	25,500	6,580	19,900	28,795
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,480	6,640	19,935	30,805
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	1,204,915	1,163,100	25,100	4,885	11,830	27,545
Canadian citizens only	1,161,070	1,122,405	24,075	3,660	10,925	25,910
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	43,850	40,695	1,025	1,225	905	1,640
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	136,015	123,775	2,380	1,755	8,105	3,255
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,480	6,640	19,935	30,805
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	1,000,485	973,220	21,830	1,855	3,580	22,760
Immigrants^Footnote 42	311,690	286,505	5,215	4,535	15,430	7,485
Before 1981	62,200	59,470	500	250	1,980	625
1981 to 1990	34,225	31,420	270	290	2,245	415
1991 to 2000	47,295	43,200	625	630	2,840	935
2001 to 2010	88,735	81,125	2,100	2,145	3,365	3,170
2001 to 2005	36,870	33,675	825	915	1,455	1,285
2006 to 2010	51,860	47,445	1,270	1,235	1,910	1,890
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	79,240	71,290	1,720	1,225	5,000	2,335
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	28,750	27,145	435	245	925	560
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	311,690	286,505	5,220	4,540	15,435	7,485
Under 5 years	29,655	27,720	465	460	1,015	695
5 to 14 years	54,165	51,930	815	1,015	405	1,325
15 to 24 years	64,035	61,005	1,000	785	1,245	1,390
25 to 44 years	138,325	128,480	2,610	2,080	5,160	3,650
45 years and over	25,510	17,370	325	195	7,620	425
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	311,690	286,505	5,215	4,540	15,435	7,485
Americas	32,055	29,990	615	840	610	1,030
Brazil	810	775	0	15	20	10
Colombia	2,605	1,965	140	365	145	320
El Salvador	3,085	2,880	45	30	125	60
Guyana	1,420	1,415	0	0	0	0
Haiti	540	185	220	135	0	290
Jamaica	2,810	2,810	0	0	0	0
Mexico	2,515	2,355	10	85	70	50
Peru	555	505	10	35	0	30
Trinidad and Tobago	1,645	1,650	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	8,845	8,720	95	15	10	110
Other places of birth in Americas	7,220	6,735	90	150	245	165
Europe	66,910	64,360	705	760	1,090	1,085
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,940	1,850	0	15	75	10
Croatia	1,435	1,390	10	10	20	10
France	780	290	455	30	0	475
Germany	7,410	7,305	15	60	30	45
Greece	655	625	0	0	30	0
Hungary	975	950	0	10	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	1,540	1,540	0	0	0	0
Italy	3,520	3,295	25	45	145	50
Netherlands	4,035	4,020	0	10	10	10
Poland	8,110	7,855	10	35	205	30
Portugal	2,575	2,345	0	35	185	20
Romania	2,340	2,130	25	145	50	95
Russian Federation	2,370	2,235	25	30	85	35
Serbia^Footnote 49	885	835	0	20	30	10
Ukraine	3,790	3,500	10	145	130	80
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	17,305	17,275	15	15	0	25
Other places of birth in Europe	7,260	6,910	115	140	85	190
Africa	37,320	31,130	3,640	1,790	760	4,535
Algeria	380	150	105	125	0	170
Egypt	2,065	1,875	60	105	30	110
Ethiopia	4,015	3,815	25	60	120	50
Kenya	2,010	1,970	10	0	35	10
Morocco	805	310	230	255	10	360
Nigeria	3,265	3,260	0	10	0	0
Somalia	4,590	4,185	65	105	230	120
South Africa, Republic of	2,275	2,235	10	0	35	10
Other places of birth in Africa	17,910	13,335	3,130	1,130	310	3,700
Asia	171,135	156,845	250	1,145	12,890	825
Afghanistan	1,490	1,360	0	35	95	20
Bangladesh	1,615	1,545	0	45	25	20
China^Footnote 51	19,755	15,680	10	150	3,925	80
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	7,375	6,940	10	35	395	20
India	38,950	35,375	25	220	3,330	140
Iran^Footnote 53	2,715	2,610	10	40	65	25
Iraq	2,100	1,895	0	35	170	20
Japan	710	695	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	4,995	4,590	0	25	380	10
Lebanon	5,130	4,650	105	190	190	200
Pakistan	8,300	7,940	10	60	295	40
Philippines	46,175	45,895	10	75	190	50
Sri Lanka	2,130	2,105	0	15	15	0
Syria^Footnote 55	2,030	1,160	0	20	855	10
Taiwan	1,035	965	0	0	65	0
Viet Nam	10,440	8,335	35	50	2,010	60
Other places of birth in Asia	16,180	15,090	45	165	890	125
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	4,275	4,175	0	10	85	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	79,240	71,290	1,720	1,225	5,005	2,330
Americas	5,910	5,280	135	200	295	235
Brazil	270	240	10	10	15	10
Colombia	570	445	0	55	70	35
Cuba	255	230	0	0	30	0
Haiti	180	35	70	75	0	100
Jamaica	685	685	0	0	0	0
Mexico	995	915	10	25	55	15
United States^Footnote 58	1,490	1,445	30	10	10	30
Venezuela^Footnote 59	230	185	10	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Americas	1,235	1,095	15	20	105	30
Europe	7,410	6,880	125	150	250	205
France	110	20	80	0	0	85
Germany	575	550	0	20	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 60	535	530	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	210	175	0	10	25	0
Romania	375	330	0	20	20	10
Russian Federation	460	430	0	0	30	0
Ukraine	905	760	10	40	100	25
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	1,885	1,880	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,370	2,200	30	55	80	60
Africa	11,820	9,335	1,385	610	500	1,690
Algeria	40	15	10	20	0	20
Cameroon	370	160	175	35	0	195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	530	190	250	65	20	280
Côte d'Ivoire	285	30	255	0	0	255
Egypt	745	665	15	40	25	35
Eritrea	990	880	0	0	105	0
Ethiopia	1,225	1,165	10	0	50	10
Morocco	250	95	75	70	10	105
Nigeria	1,565	1,565	0	0	0	0
Somalia	1,390	1,215	0	0	165	10
South Africa, Republic of	505	465	10	0	30	10
Tunisia	155	40	55	55	10	80
Other places of birth in Africa	3,770	2,845	530	310	90	680
Asia	53,375	49,070	75	260	3,960	210
Afghanistan	225	185	0	0	35	0
Bangladesh	555	540	0	10	10	0
China^Footnote 63	3,680	2,820	0	10	860	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	305	270	0	10	25	10
India	13,635	12,375	0	40	1,215	25
Iran^Footnote 65	890	840	0	10	45	10
Iraq	705	595	0	10	100	0
Israel	250	225	0	0	20	10
Japan	200	195	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	1,500	1,325	0	15	160	10
Lebanon	795	635	50	55	55	75
Nepal	1,105	1,070	0	15	25	10
Pakistan	1,990	1,820	0	25	150	15
Philippines	21,940	21,820	10	35	70	30
Saudi Arabia	375	365	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	765	765	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	1,410	705	0	15	690	10
Taiwan	130	120	0	0	10	0
Turkey	220	195	10	0	20	0
United Arab Emirates	310	295	0	0	15	0
Viet Nam	760	505	0	10	250	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,635	1,420	0	20	190	15
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	720	720	0	0	0	0
Australia	275	270	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	450	450	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	1,340,925	1,286,870	27,480	6,640	19,935	30,805
First generation^Footnote 71	347,495	320,475	5,755	4,810	16,460	8,160
Second generation^Footnote 72	262,490	255,080	2,680	1,400	3,330	3,380
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	730,940	711,315	19,050	435	145	19,265
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	254,400	231,500	4,760	4,310	13,840	6,910
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	137,205	130,320	1,945	2,320	2,620	3,105
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	55,750	52,910	1,100	850	895	1,520
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	81,455	77,405	845	1,475	1,730	1,580
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	73,075	63,040	1,070	690	8,275	1,420
Refugees^Footnote 79	42,450	36,690	1,685	1,245	2,835	2,305
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	1,665	1,450	60	55	105	85
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,485	6,645	19,935	30,805
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	366,380	337,740	5,990	4,705	17,945	8,340
South Asian^Footnote 83	91,730	85,615	175	815	5,125	585
Chinese	60,330	53,780	90	315	6,145	245
Black	58,130	51,190	4,455	1,445	1,040	5,180
Filipino	62,175	61,740	35	85	315	75
Latin American	18,895	17,010	265	825	800	675
Arab	25,700	22,545	605	830	1,725	1,015
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	17,270	15,685	70	140	1,385	140
West Asian^Footnote 85	6,750	6,300	30	90	335	70
Korean	7,630	6,980	0	50	595	25
Japanese	2,525	2,500	0	10	20	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	4,080	3,845	110	60	65	140
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	11,155	10,565	155	60	385	185
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	974,550	949,130	21,495	1,935	1,995	22,465
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	1,340,930	1,286,870	27,480	6,640	19,935	30,800
North American Aboriginal origins	98,110	96,040	1,980	65	35	2,010
First Nations (North American Indian)	61,500	60,355	1,080	45	25	1,105
Inuit	1,665	1,650	10	0	0	10
Métis	39,755	38,765	965	15	10	975
Other North American origins	293,795	281,755	11,195	430	420	11,410
Acadian	1,930	1,385	540	0	0	545
American	21,050	20,710	335	0	0	340
Canadian	277,720	266,395	10,500	415	415	10,700
New Brunswicker	20	0	15	0	0	20
Newfoundlander	580	580	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	500	315	175	0	0	180
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	90	85	0	0	0	0
European origins	845,035	824,870	16,405	1,770	1,995	17,290
British Isles origins	489,035	485,400	3,215	285	135	3,360
Channel Islander	65	70	0	0	0	0
Cornish	75	75	0	0	0	0
English	269,295	267,880	1,180	140	95	1,250
Irish	192,525	190,775	1,550	160	40	1,630
Manx	305	310	0	0	0	0
Scottish	216,295	215,270	905	90	30	950
Welsh	25,710	25,645	60	0	0	65
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	29,185	29,045	120	10	10	125
French origins	147,625	132,305	14,890	380	45	15,080
Alsatian	85	85	10	0	0	0
Breton	35	10	20	10	0	25
Corsican	90	80	0	0	0	10
French	147,485	132,170	14,890	380	45	15,080
Western European origins (except French origins)	287,375	285,385	1,500	330	160	1,665
Austrian	14,010	13,920	55	25	10	65
Bavarian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Belgian	7,300	6,905	385	10	0	390
Dutch	59,785	59,565	190	20	15	195
Flemish	740	705	40	0	0	40
Frisian	145	145	0	0	0	0
German	224,125	222,910	810	260	145	940
Luxembourger	205	190	10	0	0	15
Swiss	6,560	6,400	135	25	0	145
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	195	190	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	99,010	98,745	210	30	25	220
Danish	16,390	16,355	20	0	15	25
Finnish	5,565	5,510	35	10	10	40
Icelandic	5,470	5,455	15	0	0	10
Norwegian	46,055	45,975	70	0	10	70
Swedish	31,770	31,715	35	10	10	40
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	4,375	4,325	40	0	10	40
Eastern European origins	261,430	258,900	835	745	950	1,210
Bulgarian	905	860	0	35	15	20
Byelorussian	1,070	1,020	10	25	15	20
Czech	6,260	6,205	35	15	10	45
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	3,105	3,085	25	0	0	25
Estonian	700	695	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	14,970	14,840	50	35	45	70
Latvian	1,280	1,275	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	2,090	2,080	0	0	0	10
Moldovan	385	335	10	25	15	20
Polish	75,115	74,430	245	140	300	320
Romanian	11,740	11,400	55	195	80	155
Russian	29,580	29,085	125	120	255	185
Slovak	3,270	3,220	30	10	10	35
Ukrainian	164,105	163,080	370	275	375	505
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	620	625	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	78,235	75,945	875	600	810	1,175
Albanian	805	780	0	10	15	0
Bosnian	1,535	1,480	0	10	45	0
Catalan	35	30	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5,305	5,220	30	25	35	45
Cypriot	65	60	0	0	0	0
Greek	5,110	4,965	65	45	40	80
Italian	34,300	33,500	435	150	215	510
Kosovar	175	170	0	10	0	0
Macedonian	410	390	0	10	15	10
Maltese	485	480	0	0	0	10
Montenegrin	105	95	0	0	10	0
Portuguese	10,850	10,470	85	75	215	130
Serbian	3,425	3,315	0	60	40	35
Sicilian	90	90	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,385	1,370	15	0	0	15
Spanish	16,945	16,165	280	300	200	425
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,725	1,695	10	10	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	60	50	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	7,505	7,320	125	35	20	145
Basque	120	115	0	10	0	0
Jewish	3,820	3,730	45	25	20	55
Roma (Gypsy)	120	115	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	290	290	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	3,195	3,105	85	0	0	85
Caribbean origins	15,390	14,715	415	180	80	505
Antiguan	130	130	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	105	100	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	890	870	20	0	0	25
Bermudan	45	50	0	0	0	0
Carib	50	45	0	0	0	0
Cuban	970	885	15	15	50	25
Dominican	360	310	30	0	20	35
Grenadian	340	345	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	880	460	265	150	0	335
Jamaican	7,540	7,500	35	0	0	45
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	30	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	105	100	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	230	225	10	0	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,500	2,470	20	0	0	25
Vincentian/Grenadinian	145	140	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,115	1,090	20	10	0	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	920	885	35	0	0	35
Latin, Central and South American origins	24,875	22,915	355	845	750	780
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	760	730	15	20	0	25
Arawak	15	15	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	385	370	0	0	0	0
Belizean	55	60	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	85	65	20	0	0	20
Brazilian	1,005	970	10	10	20	15
Chilean	3,940	3,785	20	40	95	40
Colombian	3,575	2,770	145	420	245	355
Costa Rican	150	130	0	0	15	0
Ecuadorian	295	280	10	10	0	10
Guatemalan	700	650	15	10	20	25
Guyanese	1,605	1,590	15	10	0	10
Hispanic	760	705	10	20	35	15
Honduran	180	140	0	20	20	10
Maya	235	215	0	20	0	10
Mexican	5,350	5,030	30	135	155	95
Nicaraguan	510	495	0	0	10	10
Panamanian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	875	795	15	55	10	45
Salvadorean	4,005	3,765	55	65	120	90
Uruguayan	140	135	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	725	665	0	30	30	15
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	1,080	1,000	20	45	25	35
African origins	59,640	51,705	4,695	1,895	1,345	5,640
Central and West African origins	12,975	9,900	2,540	470	65	2,780
Akan	25	20	0	10	0	0
Angolan	120	45	75	0	0	75
Ashanti	40	35	10	0	0	0
Beninese	35	20	15	10	0	15
Burkinabe	80	40	30	10	0	35
Cameroonian	780	315	385	85	0	420
Chadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Congolese	2,275	965	1,090	185	30	1,180
Edo	205	210	0	0	0	0
Ewe	55	35	0	15	0	10
Gabonese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gambian	35	40	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	2,110	2,040	25	30	15	45
Guinean	285	65	175	50	0	200
Ibo	385	385	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	400	35	360	10	0	365
Liberian	650	650	0	0	0	0
Malian	35	0	25	10	0	30
Malinké	75	55	20	0	0	20
Nigerian	3,575	3,565	0	0	0	10
Peulh	60	10	40	15	0	45
Senegalese	250	90	140	25	0	150
Sierra Leonean	470	425	10	45	0	25
Togolese	50	25	20	10	0	25
Wolof	20	0	15	0	0	20
Yoruba	830	805	25	0	0	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	900	555	295	35	10	315
North African origins	9,255	7,870	530	590	265	820
Algerian	495	275	95	120	15	150
Berber	235	115	55	55	10	85
Coptic	90	90	0	0	0	0
Dinka	200	200	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	3,355	3,110	60	90	95	105
Libyan	595	560	0	0	25	0
Maure	35	20	0	10	0	0
Moroccan	1,195	720	205	235	40	320
Sudanese	2,755	2,715	0	10	30	0
Tunisian	375	165	95	75	40	130
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	240	160	45	25	10	55
Southern and East African origins	27,510	24,755	1,065	740	955	1,430
Afrikaner	80	85	0	0	0	0
Amhara	185	175	0	0	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	415	280	115	15	0	120
Burundian	690	290	280	105	15	330
Djiboutian	155	80	40	35	10	55
Eritrean	3,475	3,190	10	20	260	20
Ethiopian	5,330	5,055	50	45	180	70
Harari	120	115	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	965	945	0	0	25	0
Malagasy	50	25	30	0	0	30
Mauritian	205	70	75	55	0	105
Oromo	560	535	0	10	20	0
Rwandan	1,130	650	275	180	25	365
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	9,805	8,880	255	235	440	370
South African	1,840	1,830	0	0	10	0
Tanzanian	475	475	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	255	235	0	0	20	0
Ugandan	650	650	0	0	0	0
Zambian	115	120	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	1,380	1,370	0	0	0	0
Zulu	175	175	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	1,535	1,420	50	45	15	70
Other African origins	11,130	10,135	775	145	80	845
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	1,235	1,170	65	0	0	65
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	10,080	9,155	705	140	75	775
Asian origins	290,940	271,805	1,020	2,205	15,910	2,125
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	40,580	37,160	480	775	2,165	865
Afghan	2,490	2,260	10	55	170	35
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	4,435	3,570	165	225	475	280
Armenian	620	585	25	10	10	30
Assyrian	180	170	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	300	280	0	0	10	0
Georgian	120	110	0	0	10	0
Hazara	100	100	0	0	0	0
Iranian	4,625	4,455	15	60	100	45
Iraqi	2,065	1,940	0	20	105	10
Israeli	710	675	0	10	20	10
Jordanian	640	610	0	0	25	10
Kazakh	110	100	0	0	10	0
Kurd	1,060	965	15	20	65	30
Kuwaiti	120	100	0	0	20	0
Kyrgyz	30	30	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15,375	14,655	190	270	255	330
Palestinian	2,915	2,810	30	35	45	45
Pashtun	235	215	0	0	20	10
Saudi Arabian	195	185	0	0	10	0
Syrian	3,040	2,255	25	25	735	35
Tajik	65	50	0	0	15	0
Tatar	145	130	0	10	10	0
Turk	2,775	2,560	40	60	110	75
Turkmen	45	40	0	0	10	0
Uighur	100	85	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	175	170	0	0	10	0
Yemeni	255	230	0	10	15	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	900	785	0	50	60	25
South Asian origins	91,935	85,815	300	795	5,030	700
Bangladeshi	1,445	1,405	0	20	20	15
Bengali	615	580	0	20	15	10
Bhutanese	80	65	0	0	10	0
East Indian	72,500	67,450	275	635	4,140	590
Goan	85	85	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	485	470	0	10	10	10
Kashmiri	105	95	10	0	0	0
Nepali	1,850	1,730	0	15	100	10
Pakistani	8,450	8,120	20	45	265	40
Punjabi	6,290	5,540	20	55	670	45
Sinhalese	270	260	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	2,340	2,295	0	10	35	10
Tamil	480	465	0	0	10	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	1,955	1,880	0	25	50	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	159,905	150,275	265	645	8,725	585
Burmese	455	420	0	0	30	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,565	1,480	0	20	70	10
Chinese	72,225	65,210	135	355	6,520	320
Filipino	65,340	64,900	30	85	320	75
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	955	930	0	20	10	10
Japanese	3,750	3,675	10	15	45	20
Karen	395	310	0	0	90	0
Korean	8,025	7,370	0	45	605	20
Laotian	760	740	10	0	15	0
Malaysian	1,465	1,450	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	355	320	10	15	15	10
Singaporean	150	150	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	665	615	0	10	40	0
Thai	1,035	1,015	0	0	20	0
Tibetan	60	55	0	0	10	0
Vietnamese	14,190	12,600	85	95	1,420	125
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	370	340	0	10	20	0
Other Asian origins	955	885	0	40	30	20
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	955	880	0	45	30	20
Oceania origins	5,045	4,965	20	10	45	25
Australian	1,990	1,965	20	0	0	20
New Zealander	720	710	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	2,460	2,410	0	10	35	10
Fijian	1,915	1,865	0	10	35	0
Hawaiian	150	150	0	0	0	0
Maori	195	200	0	0	0	0
Samoan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	65	65	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	80	75	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	1,089,050	1,044,315	24,500	5,095	15,130	27,050
No certificate, diploma or degree	171,645	157,955	3,265	820	9,605	3,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	306,490	296,310	5,980	1,140	3,065	6,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	610,910	590,055	15,255	3,135	2,465	16,825
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	108,615	104,275	3,620	280	440	3,760
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	30,560	28,940	1,275	125	220	1,335
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	78,055	75,335	2,345	155	215	2,425
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	208,740	202,260	5,070	640	770	5,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,760	33,485	800	250	240	920
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	258,800	250,040	5,765	1,970	1,025	6,755
Bachelor's degree	179,610	173,970	3,725	1,175	735	4,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,180	13,515	415	170	80	500
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,140	7,815	170	75	80	205
Master's degree	46,300	44,660	1,180	365	100	1,360
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	10,560	10,070	280	185	25	370
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	1,089,050	1,044,320	24,505	5,095	15,135	27,050
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	478,135	454,265	9,245	1,960	12,665	10,225
Education	43,175	41,250	1,425	240	265	1,540
13. Education	43,175	41,250	1,425	240	265	1,540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	17,385	16,820	405	80	85	445
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,375	3,300	55	10	10	55
50. Visual and performing arts	14,015	13,520	355	75	70	390
Humanities	24,460	23,305	620	290	250	765
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,755	2,530	85	90	55	130
23. English language and literature/letters	5,200	5,015	85	65	40	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,545	7,230	175	45	100	200
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	70	75	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,730	1,655	60	0	20	60
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,590	3,505	50	25	15	60
54. History	2,985	2,860	70	25	30	85
55. French language and literature/letters	580	435	100	40	0	125
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55,060	53,095	1,370	390	205	1,560
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	935	895	25	20	0	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,380	5,230	95	45	10	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,770	9,430	255	20	65	265
22. Legal professions and studies	10,250	9,890	260	65	30	295
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	755	735	10	10	0	15
42. Psychology	10,625	10,350	195	50	25	225
45. Social sciences	17,345	16,565	520	185	75	615
Business, management and public administration	121,065	117,315	2,805	620	320	3,115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	210	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,290	7,090	160	40	0	180
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	113,560	110,015	2,645	580	320	2,930
Physical and life sciences and technologies	26,190	25,385	490	235	85	605
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10,240	9,945	200	90	10	245
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,300	6,145	85	45	30	110
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	150	135	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	7,455	7,160	160	85	45	200
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,040	1,995	45	10	0	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	21,730	21,065	480	125	70	545
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	17,155	16,660	345	90	55	395
25. Library science	1,825	1,740	75	10	0	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,615	2,525	50	25	15	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	145	140	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	161,385	155,780	4,255	655	700	4,585
04. Architecture and related services	4,055	3,915	90	45	15	105
14. Engineering	34,575	33,320	615	355	280	790
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	30,185	29,345	675	60	105	705
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	38,295	36,935	1,205	80	75	1,245
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	32,445	31,405	905	60	75	935
48. Precision production	21,825	20,850	770	55	145	800
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,190	10,805	320	30	40	335
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,105	6,865	185	15	40	190
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,085	3,940	135	10	0	135
Health and related fields	97,530	94,780	2,085	385	285	2,280
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,075	5,900	140	10	20	145
51. Health professions and related programs	88,820	86,365	1,885	340	230	2,055
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,635	2,510	55	35	35	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	31,680	30,415	1,010	90	165	1,055
12. Personal and culinary services	18,790	18,095	500	50	135	530
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	55	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	335	315	15	0	0	20
43. Security and protective services	6,645	6,390	240	15	0	250
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,855	5,560	245	20	20	260
Other	50	50	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	55	55	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	1,089,050	1,044,320	24,500	5,095	15,130	27,050
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	478,135	454,265	9,245	1,960	12,670	10,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	610,910	590,055	15,260	3,135	2,465	16,825
Location of study inside Canada	491,285	476,325	13,205	1,500	255	13,955
Same as province or territory of residence	391,770	382,970	7,665	915	225	8,125
Different than province or territory of residence	99,515	93,355	5,540	585	30	5,830
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	119,625	113,730	2,055	1,635	2,210	2,870
United States^Footnote 130	12,210	11,980	200	35	0	215
Philippines	26,035	26,005	0	10	25	0
India	18,505	18,150	20	55	275	45
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	8,135	8,020	80	35	0	95
China^Footnote 132	6,165	5,285	25	10	845	30
France	635	130	420	80	0	460
Other	47,945	44,155	1,310	1,420	1,065	2,020
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	1,089,045	1,044,320	24,505	5,100	15,135	not applicable ...
In the labour force	781,350	755,725	17,455	3,675	4,500	not applicable ...
Employed	714,660	691,635	15,905	3,265	3,845	not applicable ...
Unemployed	66,695	64,085	1,550	410	660	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	307,695	288,600	7,045	1,425	10,630	not applicable ...
Participation rate	71.7	72.4	71.2	72.1	29.7	not applicable ...
Employment rate	65.6	66.2	64.9	64.0	25.4	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.5	8.9	11.2	14.7	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	1,089,050	1,044,320	24,505	5,100	15,135	27,050
Did not work^Footnote 135	277,825	259,505	6,350	1,450	10,520	7,080
Worked	811,225	784,810	18,150	3,645	4,615	19,975
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	404,715	392,690	8,935	1,475	1,615	9,670
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	406,505	392,120	9,215	2,175	3,000	10,305
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.7	42.4	40.2	39.3	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	834,505	807,080	18,625	3,860	4,940	20,555
a.Management	86,270	84,090	1,750	230	195	1,870
00 Senior management occupations	7,535	7,305	200	25	0	210
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	27,590	26,885	590	95	15	640
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	28,570	27,940	425	60	140	460
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	22,580	21,960	540	50	35	560
b.Professional	137,575	133,640	3,025	835	80	3,445
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	24,115	23,550	440	105	20	490
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	29,660	28,925	505	215	20	610
30 Professional occupations in nursing	15,455	15,230	190	30	0	205
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	12,835	12,530	255	50	10	280
40 Professional occupations in education services	28,435	27,160	985	285	10	1,125
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	20,665	20,130	410	115	15	465
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	6,405	6,115	245	35	10	265
c.Technical and paraprofessional	82,795	80,365	2,005	325	100	2,170
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	28,975	28,325	540	105	10	590
32 Technical occupations in health	16,480	16,145	270	45	20	295
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	14,790	14,180	470	105	40	515
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	8,835	8,355	465	15	0	470
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	13,715	13,360	265	60	30	295
d.Administration and administrative support	108,560	105,655	2,365	355	175	2,550
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	43,830	42,645	1,025	135	25	1,095
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	8,955	8,675	240	20	25	250
14 Office support occupations	38,485	37,510	775	115	85	830
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	17,280	16,830	330	85	40	375
e.Sales	82,245	80,340	1,160	425	320	1,370
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	17,460	17,140	230	70	15	270
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	38,895	38,050	535	210	100	640
66 Sales support occupations	25,890	25,145	395	140	200	465
f.Personal and customer information services	139,430	133,280	2,875	890	2,385	3,325
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	13,825	13,300	350	140	30	420
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	17,365	16,610	445	120	190	505
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	23,730	22,535	385	75	730	425
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	38,180	36,820	830	230	300	945
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	46,335	44,015	860	325	1,130	1,025
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	91,765	88,015	2,890	350	510	3,060
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	65,155	62,215	2,220	285	435	2,365
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	26,610	25,800	665	70	70	705
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	63,590	61,060	1,735	330	470	1,895
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	13,150	12,765	230	50	100	255
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	34,975	33,715	900	160	200	980
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	15,460	14,575	605	115	165	660
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	17,815	17,295	365	30	125	375
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	6,095	5,920	165	0	15	170
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	4,390	4,225	105	10	45	110
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	7,325	7,155	95	15	65	105
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	24,470	23,345	455	90	590	495
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	8,415	8,225	175	25	0	180
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	5,830	5,490	95	25	215	110
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	3,870	3,665	105	15	85	115
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	6,350	5,960	80	25	285	90
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	834,505	807,080	18,625	3,855	4,945	20,555
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	8,920	8,660	175	10	75	185
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	7,945	7,705	150	15	75	160
113 Forestry and logging	380	350	25	0	0	25
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	60	60	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	540	540	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	27,975	27,210	655	65	45	690
211 Oil and gas extraction	9,150	8,885	230	20	10	245
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	1,590	1,555	35	0	0	35
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	17,240	16,770	385	45	35	405
22 Utilities	8,245	8,080	150	15	0	160
221 Utilities	8,245	8,075	150	15	0	160
23 Construction	96,820	92,800	3,150	440	430	3,370
236 Construction of buildings	26,345	25,245	880	100	115	935
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	16,005	15,435	480	55	30	505
238 Specialty trade contractors	54,470	52,120	1,785	280	280	1,930
31-33 Manufacturing	50,035	48,035	1,020	210	765	1,130
311 Food manufacturing	5,040	4,760	80	20	180	95
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	790	780	0	0	0	10
313 Textile mills	120	120	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	275	260	10	0	10	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	565	470	0	0	90	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	55	55	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,975	1,930	15	0	30	15
322 Paper manufacturing	325	325	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	1,865	1,800	30	0	30	30
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	3,600	3,470	110	0	10	115
325 Chemical manufacturing	3,820	3,715	85	0	0	90
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	3,050	2,865	65	15	105	70
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	2,395	2,320	40	15	20	50
331 Primary metal manufacturing	2,165	2,110	40	0	20	40
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	10,385	9,950	270	50	125	290
333 Machinery manufacturing	6,130	5,860	110	45	115	135
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,360	1,320	30	0	10	25
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	865	845	15	0	0	20
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,405	1,360	30	10	0	35
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,290	1,240	20	15	15	30
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	2,575	2,490	70	10	10	70
41 Wholesale trade	33,135	32,180	680	90	185	725
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	290	295	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	1,480	1,450	30	0	0	30
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	3,355	3,210	70	10	60	75
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	2,285	2,175	65	15	30	75
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	2,700	2,610	65	10	20	70
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	6,430	6,260	130	10	30	135
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	12,425	12,150	225	35	15	240
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	3,305	3,195	80	10	25	85
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	865	845	15	0	10	15
44-45 Retail trade	96,350	93,955	1,400	430	555	1,615
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	14,020	13,720	220	40	45	245
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	3,785	3,680	95	10	0	100
443 Electronics and appliance stores	3,195	3,120	35	30	0	50
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	6,445	6,340	75	25	10	85
445 Food and beverage stores	20,530	19,805	310	95	315	360
446 Health and personal care stores	8,765	8,595	115	40	15	130
447 Gasoline stations	3,205	3,135	35	10	20	40
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	11,455	11,180	150	75	45	190
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	4,925	4,845	50	15	10	60
452 General merchandise stores	12,095	11,770	190	65	65	220
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	5,465	5,380	60	15	10	65
454 Non-store retailers	2,465	2,395	65	0	0	65
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	39,715	38,370	950	205	185	1,050
481 Air transportation	1,800	1,765	30	0	0	30
482 Rail transportation	1,925	1,880	40	0	0	40
483 Water transportation	25	25	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	14,700	14,125	375	75	120	410
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	5,935	5,725	130	55	20	155
486 Pipeline transportation	1,995	1,950	35	10	0	40
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	20	15	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	4,450	4,295	130	0	15	135
491 Postal service	2,805	2,695	100	10	10	105
492 Couriers and messengers	2,980	2,890	60	10	15	65
493 Warehousing and storage	3,080	3,000	60	25	0	70
51 Information and cultural industries	12,190	11,845	275	45	25	295
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,845	1,780	50	0	10	55
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,835	1,765	45	20	0	60
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,125	1,075	55	0	0	60
517 Telecommunications	4,645	4,575	50	15	0	60
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	370	365	10	0	0	10
519 Other information services	2,365	2,285	65	10	0	65
52 Finance and insurance	26,350	25,745	465	130	10	525
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	11,980	11,655	235	80	10	275
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	3,605	3,540	55	0	0	60
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	10,600	10,390	170	35	0	190
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	160	155	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15,925	15,550	290	50	35	315
531 Real estate	11,875	11,595	210	45	30	235
532 Rental and leasing services	4,005	3,910	75	10	0	85
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	50	50	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	57,085	55,635	1,070	300	75	1,225
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	57,080	55,630	1,075	300	75	1,220
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,190	1,165	15	0	0	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	1,190	1,170	15	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	32,710	31,210	845	205	445	950
561 Administrative and support services	30,235	28,825	780	195	430	875
562 Waste management and remediation services	2,470	2,385	65	10	15	70
61 Educational services	58,250	55,835	1,895	455	65	2,120
611 Educational services	58,245	55,835	1,895	455	65	2,120
62 Health care and social assistance	94,615	92,210	1,755	430	225	1,965
621 Ambulatory health care services	33,850	33,180	520	110	45	575
622 Hospitals	29,890	29,320	450	90	30	495
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	13,665	13,145	360	115	50	410
624 Social assistance	17,210	16,565	425	115	100	485
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	16,350	15,950	280	75	45	320
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	4,705	4,590	90	15	15	95
712 Heritage institutions	740	700	35	0	0	35
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	10,905	10,660	155	60	30	185
72 Accommodation and food services	60,215	57,660	995	330	1,240	1,155
721 Accommodation services	7,990	7,650	175	45	125	195
722 Food services and drinking places	52,225	50,010	820	280	1,120	960
81 Other services (except public administration)	40,270	38,830	785	145	510	855
811 Repair and maintenance	14,270	13,835	320	25	95	330
812 Personal and laundry services	11,560	11,095	155	60	250	185
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	11,095	10,725	270	45	50	295
814 Private households	3,345	3,180	35	15	110	45
91 Public administration	58,175	56,145	1,785	230	20	1,900
911 Federal government public administration	16,820	15,625	1,110	80	0	1,150
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	20,150	19,680	375	85	0	425
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	20,610	20,235	295	65	15	325
914 Aboriginal public administration	580	580	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	714,660	691,640	15,905	3,270	3,845	17,535
Worked at home	41,075	39,835	885	140	215	955
Worked outside Canada	1,765	1,675	45	25	25	55
No fixed workplace address	102,500	98,010	3,155	710	630	3,510
Worked at usual place	569,315	552,120	11,820	2,395	2,980	13,015
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	834,500	807,080	18,620	3,855	4,940	20,550
English	817,890	796,480	16,050	3,300	2,055	17,695
French	2,555	770	1,685	95	10	1,730
Non-official language	6,345	3,705	40	75	2,530	80
Aboriginal	30	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,315	3,670	40	75	2,530	75
English and French	1,890	870	785	230	0	900
English and non-official language	5,680	5,190	35	100	350	90
French and non-official language	20	0	10	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	130	55	15	60	0	45
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	834,505	807,080	18,625	3,855	4,940	20,555
None	801,320	780,815	13,505	3,210	3,785	15,115
English	4,480	2,705	1,175	90	510	1,220
French	8,885	4,905	3,730	240	10	3,850
Non-official language	19,335	18,330	105	265	635	240
Aboriginal	700	695	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	18,635	17,640	100	265	630	230
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	75	55	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	415	265	95	45	0	120
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	569,315	552,120	11,820	2,395	2,975	13,015
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	400,515	388,400	7,530	1,960	2,620	8,515
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	151,765	147,320	3,775	365	305	3,960
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,590	14,115	380	40	50	400
Commute to a different province or territory	2,450	2,290	130	25	0	145
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	671,810	650,130	14,975	3,105	3,605	16,520
Car, truck, van - as a driver	522,155	506,105	11,780	2,115	2,155	12,840
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	34,445	33,105	600	155	580	675
Public transit	73,750	70,805	1,580	665	700	1,915
Walked	25,030	24,275	530	105	120	580
Bicycle	6,520	6,305	185	20	0	200
Other method	9,915	9,535	295	35	55	310
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	671,815	650,130	14,975	3,105	3,605	16,525
Less than 15 minutes	146,720	142,510	3,215	480	515	3,460
15 to 29 minutes	261,855	253,425	5,880	1,090	1,455	6,430
30 to 44 minutes	166,180	160,525	3,665	985	1,010	4,160
45 to 59 minutes	55,545	53,675	1,265	280	320	1,410
60 minutes and over	41,515	40,005	940	270	310	1,070
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	671,815	650,130	14,975	3,105	3,605	16,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	51,445	49,505	1,460	230	260	1,575
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	136,660	131,980	3,610	535	545	3,880
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	200,540	194,345	4,675	920	605	5,135
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	114,835	111,580	2,320	450	480	2,550
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	66,355	64,085	985	360	925	1,165
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	101,970	98,640	1,925	610	795	2,225
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	1,323,055	1,270,610	27,265	6,545	18,635	30,540
Non-movers	1,107,840	1,066,575	21,750	5,040	14,480	24,265
Movers	215,210	204,040	5,510	1,505	4,155	6,270
Non-migrants	141,785	135,740	3,200	1,055	1,790	3,725
Migrants	73,430	68,295	2,310	455	2,365	2,540
Internal migrants	56,445	53,940	1,925	280	300	2,065
Intraprovincial migrants	40,520	39,425	885	110	100	940
Interprovincial migrants	15,925	14,510	1,040	175	200	1,125
External migrants	16,985	14,365	390	170	2,065	470
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	1,252,990	1,204,460	26,395	6,350	15,785	29,570
Non-movers	678,060	655,080	12,805	2,325	7,855	13,965
Movers	574,925	549,380	13,590	4,020	7,930	15,605
Non-migrants	313,860	303,525	5,800	1,630	2,905	6,615
Migrants	261,070	245,860	7,790	2,395	5,030	8,990
Internal migrants	184,900	176,490	6,270	1,205	930	6,875
Intraprovincial migrants	109,725	107,040	2,180	250	255	2,305
Interprovincial migrants	75,175	69,455	4,090	950	675	4,570
External migrants	76,165	69,370	1,520	1,190	4,095	2,115

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Division No. 11

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.