Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Edmonton, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,200	21,315
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,205	21,315
0 to 14 years	164,190	156,135	2,085	1,335	4,630	2,755
0 to 4 years	59,935	54,950	775	205	4,005	875
5 to 9 years	56,090	54,505	740	430	420	955
10 to 14 years	48,165	46,685	575	705	210	930
15 to 64 years	648,565	622,840	13,725	4,540	7,460	16,000
15 to 19 years	50,010	48,460	695	725	130	1,055
20 to 24 years	68,535	66,695	1,140	490	210	1,380
25 to 29 years	84,625	81,965	1,755	530	370	2,020
30 to 34 years	84,095	81,145	1,945	500	510	2,195
35 to 39 years	72,190	69,160	1,700	730	605	2,060
40 to 44 years	62,200	59,485	1,450	495	770	1,695
45 to 49 years	58,425	56,120	1,160	395	750	1,355
50 to 54 years	61,000	58,380	1,280	320	1,015	1,440
55 to 59 years	58,770	55,795	1,440	210	1,330	1,545
60 to 64 years	48,720	45,635	1,165	160	1,755	1,250
65 years and over	100,825	91,035	2,445	230	7,110	2,560
65 to 69 years	36,185	33,455	850	100	1,775	900
70 to 74 years	23,650	21,595	520	45	1,485	545
75 to 79 years	17,645	15,790	505	35	1,325	520
80 to 84 years	12,930	11,375	335	35	1,185	355
85 years and over	10,415	8,820	230	25	1,340	240
85 to 89 years	7,325	6,285	160	10	870	160
90 to 94 years	2,590	2,120	60	15	400	70
95 to 99 years	445	365	15	0	65	15
100 years and over	55	50	0	0	10	0
Average age	37.1	36.8	41.0	31.1	48.2	not applicable ...
Median age	35.3	35.0	39.4	29.8	57.3	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	749,395	713,875	16,175	4,775	14,570	18,560
Married or living common law	422,255	400,170	9,390	2,680	10,015	10,730
Married	350,115	330,595	7,160	2,505	9,850	8,415
Living common law	72,140	69,570	2,230	180	160	2,315
Not married and not living common law	327,140	313,705	6,785	2,090	4,560	7,830
Never married	235,095	227,945	4,595	1,770	785	5,480
Separated	17,535	16,680	420	115	320	480
Divorced	46,845	44,980	1,145	145	585	1,215
Widowed	27,660	24,095	625	65	2,870	660
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	749,395	713,875	16,175	4,775	14,570	18,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	712,520	679,820	15,500	4,165	13,040	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	57,032	57,714	61,914	41,168	20,725	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,849	42,607	46,484	33,334	18,378	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	712,665	679,955	15,500	4,165	13,045	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,823	47,349	49,903	35,479	19,399	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,361	37,935	41,092	31,011	18,164	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	657,115	630,845	14,465	3,825	7,970	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	57,236	57,722	61,007	40,430	20,024	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,827	42,299	44,683	31,364	12,430	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	431,590	408,190	9,680	2,850	10,865	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,011	6,913	7,959	5,826	10,174	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,653	3,500	5,671	2,565	11,157	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	576,330	554,975	12,545	3,515	5,285	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,801	55,060	59,648	39,854	26,109	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,150	43,476	46,834	30,942	21,483	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	92.6	92.8	92.0	90.3	59.1	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	77.7	77.9	78.0	81.9	51.1	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	7.4	7.2	8.0	9.7	40.9	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	749,395	713,870	16,175	4,775	14,575	18,560
Without total income	36,875	34,055	675	610	1,530	985
With total income	712,520	679,820	15,500	4,165	13,040	17,580
Percentage with total income	95.1	95.2	95.8	87.2	89.5	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	89,335	83,970	1,525	780	3,060	1,910
$10,000 to $19,999	93,225	85,705	1,715	630	5,170	2,030
$20,000 to $29,999	87,355	82,460	1,825	540	2,520	2,095
$30,000 to $39,999	73,000	69,945	1,640	445	975	1,865
$40,000 to $49,999	70,285	67,720	1,540	410	615	1,750
$50,000 to $59,999	63,010	60,770	1,565	365	310	1,745
$60,000 to $69,999	51,300	49,645	1,245	260	140	1,375
$70,000 to $79,999	40,575	39,265	1,015	225	70	1,130
$80,000 to $89,999	31,315	30,405	710	150	50	785
$90,000 to $99,999	26,270	25,430	705	100	40	755
$100,000 and over	86,855	84,500	2,005	265	85	2,135
$100,000 to $149,999	58,360	56,735	1,350	210	70	1,455
$150,000 and over	28,490	27,765	650	55	15	685
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	749,395	713,875	16,175	4,775	14,575	18,560
Without after-tax income	36,725	33,920	670	610	1,525	980
With after-tax income	712,665	679,955	15,500	4,165	13,045	17,585
Percentage with after-tax income	95.1	95.2	95.8	87.2	89.5	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	90,995	85,585	1,555	780	3,070	1,950
$10,000 to $19,999	97,275	89,575	1,840	635	5,225	2,155
$20,000 to $29,999	100,625	95,250	2,075	600	2,700	2,375
$30,000 to $39,999	91,855	88,140	2,060	585	1,075	2,350
$40,000 to $49,999	87,840	84,730	2,065	505	535	2,315
$50,000 to $59,999	69,020	66,745	1,715	370	195	1,900
$60,000 to $69,999	50,065	48,555	1,175	230	105	1,290
$70,000 to $79,999	36,790	35,540	975	205	65	1,080
$80,000 and over	88,200	85,835	2,040	255	75	2,165
$80,000 to $89,999	26,835	26,095	650	80	10	695
$90,000 to $99,999	17,355	16,840	415	70	20	450
$100,000 and over	44,015	42,900	970	95	45	1,020
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	749,395	713,875	16,170	4,775	14,570	18,560
Without employment income	173,065	158,900	3,625	1,255	9,285	4,250
With employment income	576,330	554,975	12,545	3,520	5,285	14,305
Percentage with employment income	76.9	77.7	77.6	73.7	36.3	77.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	56,340	54,035	1,180	435	685	1,405
$5,000 to $9,999	37,545	35,790	780	320	660	940
$10,000 to $19,999	65,435	62,360	1,345	570	1,165	1,625
$20,000 to $29,999	55,700	53,180	1,010	405	1,110	1,215
$30,000 to $39,999	55,085	52,900	1,145	375	665	1,330
$40,000 to $49,999	56,030	54,090	1,210	285	450	1,350
$50,000 to $59,999	51,520	49,835	1,135	310	235	1,290
$60,000 to $69,999	42,375	41,015	1,055	195	110	1,155
$70,000 to $79,999	34,275	33,260	795	160	60	880
$80,000 and over	122,020	118,520	2,895	465	145	3,130
$80,000 to $89,999	26,850	26,045	625	145	35	695
$90,000 to $99,999	23,305	22,565	615	95	35	660
$100,000 and over	71,870	69,910	1,660	225	70	1,775
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	749,395	713,875	16,170	4,775	14,570	18,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	267,435	258,995	5,640	1,285	1,510	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	62,030	62,228	65,478	53,013	31,041	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	74,180	74,317	82,391	56,812	34,799	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,200	21,315
English only	826,475	826,470	0	0	0	0
French only	1,370	0	1,370	0	0	1,370
English and French	66,075	43,090	16,875	6,110	0	19,930
Neither English nor French	19,670	455	15	0	19,200	15
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,205	21,315
English	680,315	671,815	8,505	0	0	8,505
French	7,520	335	7,185	0	0	7,185
Non-official language	160,720	135,870	675	4,980	19,205	3,165
Aboriginal	300	300	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	160,425	135,565	675	4,980	19,200	3,160
English and French	1,940	455	965	515	0	1,225
English and non-official language	61,395	61,225	175	0	0	175
French and non-official language	580	60	520	0	0	520
English, French and non-official language	1,105	255	235	620	0	540
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,205	21,315
None	745,580	715,230	9,810	3,035	17,500	11,330
English	71,220	65,085	3,215	2,015	910	4,220
French	9,410	5,630	3,520	260	0	3,650
Non-official language	84,145	81,870	1,220	305	750	1,370
Aboriginal	1,655	1,650	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	82,490	80,220	1,215	310	750	1,365
English and French	540	55	55	415	10	265
English and non-official language	1,680	1,360	260	25	30	275
French and non-official language	935	770	160	10	0	160
English, French and non-official language	65	0	20	45	0	45
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	913,585	870,010	18,255	6,110	19,205	21,315
English	586,820	586,790	30	0	0	30
French	17,025	1,365	15,660	0	0	15,660
Non-official language	280,960	254,870	1,415	5,475	19,200	4,150
Aboriginal	1,815	1,815	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	279,150	253,055	1,410	5,475	19,200	4,145
English and French	2,490	1,870	145	470	0	380
English and non-official language	24,595	24,590	0	0	0	10
French and non-official language	1,215	235	975	0	0	980
English, French and non-official language	480	285	30	165	0	110
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,200	21,315
Official languages	893,915	869,560	18,245	6,110	0	21,300
English	892,545	869,560	16,875	6,110	0	19,930
French	67,440	43,090	18,245	6,110	0	21,300
Non-official languages	357,820	327,715	5,135	5,765	19,205	8,020
Aboriginal languages	3,655	3,630	25	0	0	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	354,280	324,190	5,125	5,760	19,205	8,010
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,200	21,315
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	50,280	49,540	705	20	15	715
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	49,000	48,280	685	15	15	690
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	22,840	22,665	155	10	10	160
Métis	25,445	24,930	505	10	10	510
Inuk (Inuit)	715	690	25	0	0	20
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	765	750	15	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	515	505	10	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	863,305	820,475	17,550	6,090	19,185	20,595
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	913,580	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,200	21,315
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	19,875	19,755	115	10	0	120
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	893,710	850,255	18,145	6,105	19,205	21,200
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	913,580	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,205	21,315
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	15,955	15,805	150	0	0	150
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	15,135	14,985	145	0	0	145
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	10,460	10,405	55	0	0	55
Métis single ancestry	4,505	4,415	85	0	0	90
Inuit single ancestry	170	160	10	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	820	820	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	770	770	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	42,130	40,975	1,125	15	15	1,135
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	39,690	38,595	1,060	20	10	1,070
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	22,480	21,835	625	15	10	630
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,610	16,165	435	10	0	440
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	595	595	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	2,440	2,380	65	0	0	65
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,315	2,255	55	0	0	60
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	60	0	0	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	55	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	855,505	813,235	16,990	6,090	19,190	20,035
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	913,580	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,205	21,315
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	793,730	761,900	16,050	4,400	11,375	18,250
Canadian citizens only	756,570	727,695	15,105	3,255	10,520	16,730
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	37,160	34,205	950	1,150	860	1,520
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	119,855	108,115	2,210	1,705	7,830	3,065
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,205	21,315
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	613,860	595,820	13,125	1,530	3,390	13,890
Immigrants^Footnote 42	274,360	250,335	4,730	4,335	14,960	6,895
Before 1981	48,220	45,720	370	220	1,905	480
1981 to 1990	30,465	27,755	250	265	2,195	380
1991 to 2000	43,245	39,315	580	595	2,750	880
2001 to 2010	80,875	73,675	1,920	2,070	3,210	2,955
2001 to 2005	33,690	30,685	740	865	1,400	1,170
2006 to 2010	47,185	42,985	1,180	1,205	1,815	1,780
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	71,550	63,870	1,610	1,185	4,890	2,205
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	25,360	23,860	405	245	855	530
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	274,355	250,335	4,730	4,330	14,960	6,895
Under 5 years	25,260	23,390	415	450	995	640
5 to 14 years	45,825	43,735	745	965	380	1,230
15 to 24 years	56,415	53,565	890	760	1,200	1,275
25 to 44 years	123,445	114,105	2,375	1,975	4,990	3,365
45 years and over	23,410	15,535	295	185	7,395	390
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	274,355	250,335	4,725	4,330	14,960	6,895
Americas	26,650	24,760	550	785	550	940
Brazil	660	625	0	20	15	10
Colombia	2,455	1,825	135	350	135	310
El Salvador	2,895	2,700	45	30	115	60
Guyana	1,265	1,270	0	0	0	0
Haiti	510	160	210	135	0	280
Jamaica	2,515	2,510	0	0	0	0
Mexico	2,045	1,885	10	80	65	50
Peru	475	440	10	30	0	25
Trinidad and Tobago	1,405	1,405	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	6,225	6,155	50	10	15	60
Other places of birth in Americas	6,205	5,785	80	135	205	145
Europe	49,275	47,025	555	695	995	905
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,815	1,730	0	15	75	10
Croatia	1,255	1,215	10	10	25	10
France	575	210	335	35	0	355
Germany	4,745	4,675	10	45	20	35
Greece	560	540	0	0	20	0
Hungary	750	730	0	15	10	10
Ireland^Footnote 48	975	970	0	0	0	0
Italy	3,050	2,835	30	45	140	55
Netherlands	2,200	2,190	0	10	0	10
Poland	6,965	6,740	10	40	185	30
Portugal	2,330	2,110	0	35	185	20
Romania	2,130	1,920	15	145	50	85
Russian Federation	1,970	1,860	20	25	65	35
Serbia^Footnote 49	810	770	0	20	20	10
Ukraine	3,445	3,185	10	125	130	70
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	10,175	10,145	15	15	0	25
Other places of birth in Europe	5,520	5,220	100	120	75	165
Africa	35,155	29,255	3,375	1,765	765	4,255
Algeria	350	150	75	125	0	140
Egypt	1,860	1,705	30	100	30	80
Ethiopia	3,955	3,755	20	60	115	55
Kenya	1,840	1,805	10	0	30	10
Morocco	775	295	220	255	10	345
Nigeria	3,040	3,035	0	10	0	0
Somalia	4,570	4,160	70	105	230	125
South Africa, Republic of	1,715	1,675	15	0	30	15
Other places of birth in Africa	17,050	12,675	2,945	1,115	315	3,505
Asia	159,590	145,695	240	1,080	12,570	785
Afghanistan	1,450	1,345	0	30	80	15
Bangladesh	1,555	1,485	0	45	25	25
China^Footnote 51	19,150	15,125	0	135	3,880	70
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	7,145	6,720	0	30	390	20
India	37,035	33,575	25	215	3,215	135
Iran^Footnote 53	2,525	2,415	0	40	60	25
Iraq	1,960	1,765	0	30	165	15
Japan	590	580	0	0	15	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	4,635	4,240	0	20	375	10
Lebanon	4,695	4,250	105	170	170	190
Pakistan	7,950	7,595	10	60	285	40
Philippines	40,590	40,330	10	65	180	45
Sri Lanka	2,000	1,975	0	10	15	10
Syria^Footnote 55	1,980	1,135	0	15	825	10
Taiwan	965	900	0	10	60	0
Viet Nam	10,185	8,110	35	50	1,980	65
Other places of birth in Asia	15,180	14,135	45	155	850	120
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	3,685	3,595	0	0	75	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	71,555	63,870	1,610	1,180	4,890	2,200
Americas	5,090	4,525	105	195	265	200
Brazil	205	185	0	10	15	10
Colombia	515	395	10	50	60	35
Cuba	200	185	0	0	20	0
Haiti	170	35	65	75	0	105
Jamaica	625	625	0	0	0	0
Mexico	825	745	0	25	55	15
United States^Footnote 58	1,205	1,190	0	0	10	10
Venezuela^Footnote 59	210	165	10	20	15	15
Other places of birth in Americas	1,135	1,005	20	15	95	25
Europe	5,825	5,345	110	135	230	180
France	95	15	70	10	0	70
Germany	385	365	0	20	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 60	375	375	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	175	140	0	10	20	10
Romania	345	305	0	15	25	15
Russian Federation	410	385	0	0	30	0
Ukraine	845	715	0	25	95	20
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	1,105	1,105	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,095	1,945	30	55	60	60
Africa	11,455	9,040	1,320	600	500	1,620
Algeria	40	15	10	20	0	15
Cameroon	370	160	170	40	0	190
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	520	195	240	65	20	275
Côte d'Ivoire	265	20	245	0	0	240
Egypt	695	635	0	40	25	20
Eritrea	990	880	10	0	105	10
Ethiopia	1,195	1,135	0	0	55	0
Morocco	245	90	70	75	10	110
Nigeria	1,495	1,500	0	0	0	0
Somalia	1,380	1,210	10	10	165	10
South Africa, Republic of	430	385	10	0	30	10
Tunisia	150	40	50	55	10	80
Other places of birth in Africa	3,675	2,770	510	310	85	665
Asia	48,605	44,385	75	250	3,895	205
Afghanistan	220	180	0	10	35	0
Bangladesh	555	535	0	10	10	0
China^Footnote 63	3,600	2,740	0	10	855	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	305	270	0	10	30	0
India	13,125	11,870	10	40	1,215	25
Iran^Footnote 65	880	825	0	10	45	0
Iraq	680	575	0	10	105	10
Israel	240	220	0	0	15	10
Japan	185	180	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	1,460	1,280	0	10	165	0
Lebanon	730	575	50	55	50	80
Nepal	1,075	1,035	0	15	25	10
Pakistan	1,960	1,785	0	20	145	15
Philippines	18,285	18,170	10	40	65	30
Saudi Arabia	360	355	0	0	10	0
Sri Lanka	715	720	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	1,380	695	0	10	660	0
Taiwan	130	120	0	0	10	0
Turkey	215	190	10	0	15	10
United Arab Emirates	295	280	0	0	15	0
Viet Nam	725	475	0	10	245	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,490	1,300	0	20	165	10
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	575	570	0	0	0	0
Australia	175	170	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	400	400	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,205	21,315
First generation^Footnote 71	304,795	279,070	5,220	4,605	15,905	7,520
Second generation^Footnote 72	196,420	189,875	2,035	1,285	3,225	2,675
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	412,370	401,065	11,000	225	75	11,115
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	230,295	208,340	4,390	4,135	13,430	6,460
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	121,940	115,370	1,780	2,210	2,575	2,885
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	49,655	46,940	1,010	820	880	1,420
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	72,290	68,430	770	1,385	1,700	1,465
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	66,275	56,630	950	680	8,015	1,290
Refugees^Footnote 79	40,495	34,970	1,600	1,195	2,735	2,200
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	1,580	1,360	60	55	100	90
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,205	21,315
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	339,035	311,495	5,575	4,520	17,455	7,835
South Asian^Footnote 83	86,550	80,625	175	800	4,945	575
Chinese	57,715	51,295	70	295	6,060	215
Black	54,285	47,630	4,200	1,415	1,040	4,905
Filipino	53,980	53,575	30	75	300	65
Latin American	16,980	15,225	255	770	725	640
Arab	23,970	21,015	495	795	1,670	890
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	16,305	14,770	70	135	1,325	140
West Asian^Footnote 85	6,390	5,960	30	80	320	70
Korean	7,020	6,395	0	40	585	20
Japanese	1,935	1,910	10	10	20	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	3,655	3,420	105	60	70	135
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	10,255	9,675	140	50	385	165
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	574,545	558,520	12,690	1,590	1,750	13,485
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	913,585	870,010	18,260	6,110	19,205	21,315
North American Aboriginal origins	58,085	56,780	1,270	15	15	1,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,130	35,360	745	15	0	750
Inuit	935	930	0	0	10	0
Métis	24,290	23,705	585	10	10	585
Other North American origins	168,865	161,700	6,495	305	365	6,640
Acadian	1,135	845	285	10	0	285
American	12,545	12,320	215	0	10	215
Canadian	159,070	152,340	6,075	290	365	6,220
New Brunswicker	10	10	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	380	380	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	320	200	120	0	0	120
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	50	50	0	0	0	0
European origins	509,695	496,630	9,855	1,455	1,755	10,580
British Isles origins	283,435	281,115	2,070	160	90	2,150
Channel Islander	45	45	0	0	0	0
Cornish	50	55	0	0	0	0
English	153,740	152,810	790	80	60	830
Irish	113,795	112,670	1,025	85	25	1,065
Manx	200	200	0	0	0	0
Scottish	126,100	125,450	590	50	15	620
Welsh	15,155	15,115	40	0	0	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	17,665	17,595	55	10	0	60
French origins	85,660	76,645	8,750	235	35	8,865
Alsatian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Breton	35	0	20	10	0	25
Corsican	70	70	10	0	0	0
French	85,565	76,545	8,750	230	30	8,865
Western European origins (except French origins)	160,235	158,965	950	235	85	1,065
Austrian	8,775	8,705	45	25	0	55
Bavarian	35	40	0	0	0	0
Belgian	3,590	3,345	240	10	0	245
Dutch	33,265	33,165	90	10	10	95
Flemish	355	355	0	0	0	10
Frisian	90	90	0	0	0	0
German	124,170	123,365	535	190	75	635
Luxembourger	115	100	10	0	0	10
Swiss	3,620	3,500	110	10	0	115
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	120	120	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	54,795	54,585	160	20	25	175
Danish	9,140	9,100	25	0	15	25
Finnish	3,285	3,235	35	15	0	40
Icelandic	3,325	3,325	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	25,330	25,255	60	10	10	65
Swedish	17,045	17,000	30	10	10	30
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	2,695	2,675	10	0	0	15
Eastern European origins	161,670	159,525	635	645	865	955
Bulgarian	640	595	0	35	10	20
Byelorussian	890	845	10	20	15	15
Czech	3,930	3,880	25	15	0	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	1,660	1,630	25	0	0	25
Estonian	480	475	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	9,630	9,530	40	30	30	50
Latvian	865	870	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	1,260	1,250	10	0	10	0
Moldovan	335	285	10	25	15	20
Polish	46,705	46,130	190	110	275	245
Romanian	8,285	7,960	50	195	80	145
Russian	18,660	18,220	105	95	235	150
Slovak	2,130	2,095	25	0	10	25
Ukrainian	98,820	97,985	265	225	350	375
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	480	485	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	58,885	56,915	655	550	760	930
Albanian	805	780	0	15	15	10
Bosnian	1,420	1,370	0	10	45	10
Catalan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Croatian	4,175	4,115	0	25	35	20
Cypriot	30	25	0	0	0	0
Greek	3,650	3,525	50	45	30	70
Italian	23,895	23,235	320	130	205	385
Kosovar	175	165	0	0	0	10
Macedonian	355	340	0	10	15	0
Maltese	280	275	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	100	90	10	0	0	10
Portuguese	8,650	8,295	75	75	215	110
Serbian	2,990	2,885	0	55	45	35
Sicilian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	940	935	0	0	0	0
Spanish	13,845	13,175	225	275	170	360
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,125	1,105	10	0	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	55	50	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	5,705	5,530	120	30	25	135
Basque	90	80	0	0	0	0
Jewish	3,065	2,980	40	20	20	50
Roma (Gypsy)	85	90	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	185	180	0	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	2,325	2,245	80	0	0	80
Caribbean origins	13,200	12,585	370	180	60	460
Antiguan	120	120	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	105	105	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	740	725	20	0	0	20
Bermudan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Carib	30	30	0	0	0	0
Cuban	775	705	15	20	40	20
Dominican	315	260	35	0	20	35
Grenadian	320	320	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	810	415	240	150	10	310
Jamaican	6,445	6,405	30	10	0	35
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	50	45	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	205	205	0	0	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,180	2,155	25	0	0	25
Vincentian/Grenadinian	130	125	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	965	935	20	0	0	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	830	805	25	0	0	30
Latin, Central and South American origins	21,360	19,545	330	790	690	725
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	680	650	15	15	0	20
Arawak	10	15	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	280	265	0	0	10	0
Belizean	40	45	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	50	25	20	0	0	20
Brazilian	795	760	10	10	15	10
Chilean	3,525	3,375	20	40	95	40
Colombian	3,330	2,545	140	410	230	345
Costa Rican	120	105	0	10	15	0
Ecuadorian	245	230	0	0	0	10
Guatemalan	635	600	10	10	20	15
Guyanese	1,420	1,405	15	10	0	15
Hispanic	655	600	0	15	35	15
Honduran	130	105	0	20	0	10
Maya	225	200	0	20	0	10
Mexican	4,135	3,840	30	130	140	95
Nicaraguan	490	480	10	0	10	10
Panamanian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	770	715	10	45	0	30
Salvadorean	3,695	3,475	55	60	105	85
Uruguayan	125	125	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	555	490	0	30	30	15
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	875	805	20	30	25	30
African origins	55,415	47,850	4,370	1,855	1,345	5,295
Central and West African origins	12,255	9,305	2,435	455	60	2,665
Akan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Angolan	125	50	70	10	0	75
Ashanti	35	35	0	0	0	0
Beninese	35	20	15	10	0	15
Burkinabe	60	30	20	10	0	25
Cameroonian	735	305	340	85	0	390
Chadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Congolese	2,165	915	1,050	170	30	1,130
Edo	135	135	0	0	0	0
Ewe	55	40	0	15	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gambian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	2,005	1,930	30	25	15	45
Guinean	265	45	170	45	10	190
Ibo	390	390	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	395	35	355	10	0	355
Liberian	635	630	0	10	0	0
Malian	35	0	20	10	0	30
Malinké	70	50	20	0	0	20
Nigerian	3,350	3,335	0	0	0	10
Peulh	60	10	35	20	0	45
Senegalese	245	85	140	20	0	150
Sierra Leonean	455	410	10	45	0	25
Togolese	45	20	20	0	0	25
Wolof	20	0	15	0	0	20
Yoruba	810	780	30	0	0	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	845	510	285	35	10	305
North African origins	8,715	7,450	435	575	265	720
Algerian	445	255	60	115	15	115
Berber	240	115	55	55	10	85
Coptic	55	60	0	0	0	0
Dinka	205	205	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	3,095	2,905	15	85	90	60
Libyan	590	560	0	0	25	10
Maure	35	25	0	10	0	0
Moroccan	1,100	630	195	235	40	315
Sudanese	2,710	2,675	0	0	30	0
Tunisian	340	140	85	75	40	125
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	210	135	40	25	10	50
Southern and East African origins	26,255	23,520	1,045	730	955	1,415
Afrikaner	45	50	0	0	0	0
Amhara	185	180	0	0	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	415	285	115	15	0	120
Burundian	665	275	265	105	20	320
Djiboutian	155	80	40	35	10	55
Eritrean	3,470	3,175	10	20	260	20
Ethiopian	5,210	4,935	50	50	180	75
Harari	120	115	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	880	850	0	0	25	0
Malagasy	50	25	30	0	0	30
Mauritian	205	70	75	55	10	100
Oromo	555	530	0	0	20	10
Rwandan	1,100	630	270	170	30	360
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	9,760	8,835	250	230	440	365
South African	1,235	1,225	0	0	10	0
Tanzanian	450	450	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	250	235	0	0	20	0
Ugandan	625	615	0	0	10	0
Zambian	90	90	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	1,240	1,225	0	0	10	0
Zulu	155	155	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	1,390	1,275	50	45	15	75
Other African origins	9,360	8,485	660	140	80	725
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	995	945	50	10	0	55
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	8,535	7,720	600	140	80	675
Asian origins	267,595	249,090	935	2,085	15,490	1,975
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	36,985	33,770	420	710	2,085	775
Afghan	2,415	2,215	10	45	150	25
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	4,160	3,330	145	215	470	255
Armenian	465	450	0	10	10	10
Assyrian	100	95	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	280	270	0	0	10	0
Georgian	90	80	0	0	10	0
Hazara	100	100	0	0	10	0
Iranian	4,165	4,000	15	55	100	40
Iraqi	1,910	1,790	0	20	100	10
Israeli	665	635	0	10	20	10
Jordanian	605	575	0	0	25	0
Kazakh	100	95	0	0	10	0
Kurd	1,055	965	15	15	65	25
Kuwaiti	105	90	0	0	20	0
Kyrgyz	30	30	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	13,700	13,045	180	245	225	305
Palestinian	2,690	2,600	25	20	45	35
Pashtun	210	190	0	10	15	0
Saudi Arabian	190	180	0	0	10	0
Syrian	2,780	2,045	0	25	705	15
Tajik	65	50	0	0	15	0
Tatar	125	110	0	0	15	0
Turk	2,500	2,295	40	60	105	70
Turkmen	50	45	0	0	10	0
Uighur	100	85	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	170	160	0	0	10	0
Yemeni	250	220	10	10	15	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	835	725	0	45	60	25
South Asian origins	86,420	80,490	300	780	4,845	690
Bangladeshi	1,400	1,355	0	20	20	10
Bengali	580	550	0	20	15	10
Bhutanese	80	65	0	0	10	0
East Indian	67,935	63,040	275	620	4,000	585
Goan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	485	465	0	10	10	10
Kashmiri	105	90	10	0	0	10
Nepali	1,780	1,660	0	20	95	10
Pakistani	8,015	7,700	15	45	255	40
Punjabi	5,950	5,215	15	60	655	45
Sinhalese	215	210	0	0	0	10
Sri Lankan	2,160	2,125	0	10	25	0
Tamil	465	455	0	0	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	1,875	1,800	0	25	50	15
East and Southeast Asian origins	145,475	136,080	235	600	8,565	535
Burmese	415	395	0	0	15	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,485	1,395	0	20	70	10
Chinese	67,970	61,090	110	340	6,435	275
Filipino	57,050	56,640	30	75	305	70
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	820	790	0	25	10	10
Japanese	2,985	2,915	15	15	40	20
Karen	395	305	0	0	90	0
Korean	7,385	6,755	0	35	590	20
Laotian	645	630	0	0	10	0
Malaysian	1,325	1,310	10	0	10	10
Mongolian	325	285	10	20	15	10
Singaporean	120	125	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	615	570	0	0	40	0
Thai	820	805	0	0	15	0
Tibetan	45	40	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	13,685	12,125	80	95	1,385	125
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	360	330	0	10	20	0
Other Asian origins	890	820	0	40	30	20
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	895	820	0	40	35	20
Oceania origins	3,630	3,560	20	15	40	30
Australian	1,160	1,140	20	10	0	20
New Zealander	495	485	0	0	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	2,030	1,990	0	10	30	10
Fijian	1,720	1,675	0	10	30	0
Hawaiian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Maori	125	125	0	0	0	0
Samoan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	35	30	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	25	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	749,395	713,870	16,175	4,775	14,575	18,560
No certificate, diploma or degree	115,360	103,350	1,930	795	9,280	2,330
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	205,675	197,730	3,940	1,060	2,935	4,470
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	428,360	412,785	10,300	2,920	2,355	11,760
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	63,630	60,780	2,175	245	430	2,300
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	19,700	18,535	830	115	215	885
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	43,935	42,245	1,345	130	215	1,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	134,855	130,320	3,220	585	725	3,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,145	24,205	505	225	210	615
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	204,730	197,480	4,405	1,855	990	5,335
Bachelor's degree	138,325	133,795	2,690	1,120	720	3,250
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,150	10,615	310	160	70	385
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,925	6,625	155	65	80	185
Master's degree	38,890	37,455	1,005	345	90	1,180
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	9,435	8,990	240	175	25	330
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	749,390	713,875	16,175	4,775	14,570	18,560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	321,030	301,085	5,870	1,860	12,220	6,800
Education	28,515	27,125	900	230	265	1,010
13. Education	28,520	27,125	900	230	265	1,015
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,350	12,880	320	70	75	355
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,375	2,315	35	0	10	40
50. Visual and performing arts	10,975	10,560	280	70	70	315
Humanities	19,630	18,630	495	270	240	630
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,380	2,175	65	95	55	105
23. English language and literature/letters	4,330	4,165	70	55	40	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,150	5,865	150	40	90	170
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	60	65	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,395	1,335	40	0	15	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,385	2,325	30	20	15	35
54. History	2,480	2,375	55	25	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	455	330	80	40	0	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	41,705	40,135	1,005	365	200	1,190
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	735	705	20	15	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,105	3,995	65	35	10	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,695	6,460	150	20	65	165
22. Legal professions and studies	7,550	7,260	200	55	30	225
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	585	570	0	10	0	10
42. Psychology	8,050	7,825	150	45	25	175
45. Social sciences	13,980	13,320	410	180	75	500
Business, management and public administration	87,090	84,210	1,980	585	315	2,275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	135	130	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,160	5,015	110	35	0	125
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	81,795	79,070	1,870	545	310	2,140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	21,120	20,415	405	220	75	515
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,490	8,245	155	85	0	200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,910	4,765	70	40	30	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	120	110	0	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	6,255	5,990	145	75	45	185
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,345	1,305	35	10	0	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	17,520	16,970	370	120	60	430
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,885	13,465	280	90	50	325
25. Library science	1,330	1,280	45	0	0	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,180	2,110	40	15	10	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	120	115	10	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	104,225	100,380	2,575	605	665	2,875
04. Architecture and related services	3,210	3,100	65	35	15	85
14. Engineering	28,720	27,680	425	350	265	600
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	19,525	18,960	400	60	105	430
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	22,650	21,750	755	70	70	790
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	17,165	16,575	475	40	70	495
48. Precision production	12,955	12,310	460	45	140	480
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,870	6,600	215	30	30	230
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,295	4,120	130	20	25	140
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,575	2,475	85	10	0	95
Health and related fields	68,405	66,345	1,450	340	270	1,625
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,140	4,050	75	10	10	80
51. Health professions and related programs	61,895	60,045	1,325	305	225	1,480
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,370	2,255	55	30	35	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,885	19,055	590	80	160	630
12. Personal and culinary services	12,430	11,970	285	45	130	305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	235	230	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,775	3,615	145	0	10	145
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,395	3,200	155	25	25	165
Other	45	45	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	45	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	749,390	713,875	16,170	4,775	14,570	18,560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	321,035	301,085	5,870	1,855	12,215	6,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	428,360	412,790	10,305	2,920	2,355	11,760
Location of study inside Canada	324,955	314,895	8,455	1,365	245	9,135
Same as province or territory of residence	259,315	253,555	4,720	825	210	5,135
Different than province or territory of residence	65,640	61,340	3,730	535	30	4,000
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	103,410	97,895	1,850	1,555	2,110	2,625
United States^Footnote 130	8,995	8,790	165	35	0	180
Philippines	22,245	22,225	0	0	15	0
India	17,565	17,225	20	55	260	50
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	5,620	5,515	65	35	0	80
China^Footnote 132	5,985	5,110	25	10	840	30
France	545	110	360	80	0	395
Other	42,460	38,910	1,215	1,345	985	1,885
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	749,395	713,875	16,175	4,775	14,570	not applicable ...
In the labour force	537,755	518,110	11,880	3,430	4,335	not applicable ...
Employed	490,665	473,170	10,735	3,045	3,720	not applicable ...
Unemployed	47,090	44,945	1,150	385	615	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	211,640	195,765	4,290	1,345	10,235	not applicable ...
Participation rate	71.8	72.6	73.4	71.8	29.8	not applicable ...
Employment rate	65.5	66.3	66.4	63.8	25.5	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.7	9.7	11.2	14.2	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	749,390	713,875	16,170	4,775	14,570	18,560
Did not work^Footnote 135	194,450	178,935	4,000	1,395	10,115	4,700
Worked	554,945	534,940	12,175	3,375	4,455	13,860
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	275,075	266,265	5,845	1,370	1,590	6,535
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	279,870	268,670	6,325	2,010	2,865	7,325
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.6	42.0	40.4	39.4	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	571,780	550,870	12,545	3,585	4,775	14,335
a.Management	53,165	51,775	995	215	175	1,105
00 Senior management occupations	4,580	4,435	120	25	10	135
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	18,435	18,000	325	90	15	370
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	19,360	18,915	260	60	130	290
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	10,790	10,430	290	45	30	305
b.Professional	103,870	100,795	2,230	765	80	2,615
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	17,710	17,290	310	100	20	355
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	23,685	23,090	365	205	20	470
30 Professional occupations in nursing	10,910	10,750	150	25	0	155
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	10,310	10,035	230	45	0	250
40 Professional occupations in education services	20,735	19,765	690	275	10	825
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	15,555	15,160	285	95	15	330
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	4,960	4,705	210	35	10	225
c.Technical and paraprofessional	56,235	54,555	1,270	310	100	1,425
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	19,865	19,415	340	90	10	385
32 Technical occupations in health	11,475	11,230	190	30	25	210
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	10,755	10,270	340	110	40	390
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	4,525	4,295	210	15	0	220
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	9,625	9,345	190	65	25	220
d.Administration and administrative support	72,595	70,505	1,590	325	175	1,755
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	29,105	28,245	700	130	30	765
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	5,170	5,005	125	10	25	130
14 Office support occupations	26,125	25,400	530	105	80	580
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	12,205	11,850	235	80	35	275
e.Sales	58,290	56,785	815	390	305	1,010
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	11,830	11,615	135	55	20	165
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	28,065	27,390	385	190	95	485
66 Sales support occupations	18,400	17,780	295	135	185	365
f.Personal and customer information services	101,920	96,725	2,020	840	2,330	2,445
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	10,675	10,240	275	130	35	340
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	11,395	10,835	265	115	185	325
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	18,005	16,930	280	70	725	315
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	27,740	26,670	560	220	290	670
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	34,100	32,055	640	310	1,095	795
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	58,260	55,535	1,915	320	490	2,075
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	43,190	40,995	1,525	255	425	1,650
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	15,070	14,550	390	60	70	425
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	42,375	40,435	1,185	305	450	1,340
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	9,400	9,080	170	50	95	195
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	22,355	21,470	535	150	200	615
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	10,625	9,885	475	100	155	530
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,525	8,205	205	30	90	220
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	2,760	2,655	95	0	10	95
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,560	1,490	40	10	20	45
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	4,210	4,065	75	15	60	80
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,530	15,560	310	80	580	350
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	4,335	4,235	80	15	0	90
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	4,470	4,150	85	25	215	95
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	2,990	2,820	75	15	85	80
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	4,735	4,365	75	20	280	85
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	571,775	550,875	12,545	3,585	4,770	14,335
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,985	1,885	45	15	45	50
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	1,530	1,450	35	10	40	40
113 Forestry and logging	165	150	15	0	0	15
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	40	40	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	245	245	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	13,680	13,275	315	50	40	340
211 Oil and gas extraction	4,590	4,475	105	15	0	110
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	600	585	10	0	10	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	8,485	8,215	200	40	35	220
22 Utilities	5,160	5,040	105	15	0	110
221 Utilities	5,160	5,035	105	15	0	110
23 Construction	61,965	59,055	2,125	375	410	2,315
236 Construction of buildings	16,935	16,140	605	80	105	645
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	9,355	8,950	315	55	30	340
238 Specialty trade contractors	35,675	33,965	1,200	240	275	1,325
31-33 Manufacturing	33,905	32,260	695	190	755	790
311 Food manufacturing	4,050	3,795	50	20	175	65
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	615	610	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	110	110	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	225	205	0	0	10	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	470	375	0	0	85	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,160	1,115	10	0	30	15
322 Paper manufacturing	225	220	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	1,395	1,340	20	0	30	25
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	1,920	1,825	80	10	10	85
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,895	1,845	35	10	0	40
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	2,230	2,065	45	10	105	50
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,645	1,585	30	10	20	35
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,345	1,310	25	0	15	20
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	6,980	6,615	200	45	120	225
333 Machinery manufacturing	4,185	3,975	70	35	105	90
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,105	1,070	20	0	10	25
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	610	585	15	0	0	20
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	915	875	25	0	0	30
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	950	910	10	15	20	20
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,850	1,795	40	10	10	45
41 Wholesale trade	21,675	21,000	415	85	180	455
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	160	155	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	815	800	15	0	0	15
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,655	2,535	50	10	60	55
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,820	1,730	50	15	30	55
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,715	1,660	30	10	15	30
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	4,260	4,145	75	10	25	75
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	7,695	7,520	120	35	20	140
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	2,055	1,960	65	10	25	65
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	505	490	15	0	10	15
44-45 Retail trade	67,715	65,790	990	400	540	1,185
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	8,975	8,765	145	25	40	160
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	2,940	2,850	80	10	0	85
443 Electronics and appliance stores	2,490	2,435	25	30	0	40
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,810	3,725	55	20	10	65
445 Food and beverage stores	14,410	13,785	230	95	305	275
446 Health and personal care stores	6,625	6,475	100	35	15	120
447 Gasoline stations	1,935	1,880	20	10	25	30
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	9,155	8,915	115	75	45	150
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	3,710	3,655	30	20	15	40
452 General merchandise stores	8,325	8,085	110	60	65	145
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	3,810	3,730	55	10	15	60
454 Non-store retailers	1,535	1,495	25	0	0	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	26,350	25,365	625	190	180	715
481 Air transportation	975	955	15	0	0	20
482 Rail transportation	1,235	1,205	25	10	0	25
483 Water transportation	25	30	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	9,105	8,665	240	70	120	280
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	4,310	4,165	75	50	20	100
486 Pipeline transportation	1,160	1,135	20	0	0	25
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	2,660	2,555	70	10	20	80
491 Postal service	2,070	1,980	70	10	10	75
492 Couriers and messengers	2,445	2,370	55	10	10	60
493 Warehousing and storage	2,350	2,290	40	20	0	55
51 Information and cultural industries	9,365	9,060	230	45	25	250
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,280	1,225	45	0	10	50
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,500	1,445	40	20	0	45
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	920	865	55	0	0	55
517 Telecommunications	3,600	3,545	35	15	10	40
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	280	275	10	0	10	0
519 Other information services	1,780	1,715	55	10	0	55
52 Finance and insurance	19,290	18,810	335	125	10	405
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	8,875	8,590	195	85	10	235
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,595	2,540	45	10	0	45
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	7,680	7,535	100	40	0	115
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	150	140	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,270	10,950	230	55	35	255
531 Real estate	8,840	8,605	170	40	25	190
532 Rental and leasing services	2,390	2,310	60	10	0	65
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	35	30	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	41,350	40,300	695	285	70	835
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	41,345	40,295	695	280	75	835
55 Management of companies and enterprises	750	735	0	0	10	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	750	735	10	0	10	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	23,515	22,260	635	190	430	725
561 Administrative and support services	21,940	20,735	600	190	415	695
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,575	1,525	30	0	15	30
61 Educational services	41,555	39,755	1,290	435	65	1,515
611 Educational services	41,555	39,755	1,295	440	65	1,510
62 Health care and social assistance	69,020	67,135	1,285	385	215	1,480
621 Ambulatory health care services	24,145	23,630	385	80	45	430
622 Hospitals	22,555	22,130	320	80	30	355
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	10,135	9,700	280	110	45	335
624 Social assistance	12,185	11,675	305	105	95	360
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,405	11,085	205	70	45	235
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	3,570	3,475	65	10	15	70
712 Heritage institutions	545	505	35	0	0	35
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	7,295	7,110	100	55	25	130
72 Accommodation and food services	45,110	42,865	740	305	1,200	895
721 Accommodation services	5,940	5,645	140	45	110	165
722 Food services and drinking places	39,175	37,220	600	265	1,090	735
81 Other services (except public administration)	27,165	26,030	490	145	500	565
811 Repair and maintenance	8,445	8,155	175	25	90	190
812 Personal and laundry services	8,175	7,770	95	60	245	125
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	8,035	7,740	195	45	50	220
814 Private households	2,510	2,360	20	15	110	25
91 Public administration	39,560	38,225	1,085	230	15	1,200
911 Federal government public administration	11,025	10,260	680	80	0	715
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	15,440	15,110	240	85	0	285
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	12,945	12,705	165	65	15	195
914 Aboriginal public administration	125	130	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	490,665	473,170	10,730	3,045	3,720	12,255
Worked at home	23,160	22,330	510	125	195	570
Worked outside Canada	1,280	1,215	25	20	25	35
No fixed workplace address	69,140	65,725	2,165	655	600	2,490
Worked at usual place	397,080	383,895	8,030	2,250	2,905	9,155
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	571,775	550,875	12,540	3,585	4,775	14,340
English	557,260	541,580	10,650	3,075	1,955	12,190
French	1,765	470	1,205	90	0	1,250
Non-official language	5,985	3,395	40	80	2,475	80
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5,975	3,385	40	75	2,475	80
English and French	1,410	615	590	205	0	690
English and non-official language	5,235	4,765	35	95	340	80
French and non-official language	20	0	10	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	105	50	10	45	0	35
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	571,780	550,875	12,540	3,585	4,775	14,340
None	544,255	528,585	9,045	2,975	3,655	10,535
English	3,730	2,310	835	85	505	875
French	6,235	3,515	2,480	230	10	2,595
Non-official language	17,110	16,175	85	250	595	210
Aboriginal	200	195	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	16,910	15,980	85	255	600	210
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	70	55	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	370	235	90	40	10	110
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	397,085	383,900	8,035	2,250	2,905	9,155
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	343,335	332,350	6,480	1,930	2,570	7,450
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	43,910	42,140	1,235	250	285	1,365
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,240	7,930	220	40	50	235
Commute to a different province or territory	1,595	1,475	95	25	0	110
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	466,225	449,625	10,200	2,900	3,500	11,645
Car, truck, van - as a driver	342,145	330,590	7,555	1,920	2,080	8,510
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,085	23,890	480	145	575	550
Public transit	67,990	65,220	1,410	665	695	1,740
Walked	19,030	18,410	405	105	105	460
Bicycle	5,575	5,375	175	25	0	185
Other method	6,405	6,140	180	40	45	200
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	466,225	449,625	10,200	2,900	3,500	11,650
Less than 15 minutes	89,070	86,155	1,980	455	490	2,200
15 to 29 minutes	197,445	190,640	4,370	1,010	1,430	4,875
30 to 44 minutes	116,625	112,290	2,455	910	975	2,910
45 to 59 minutes	34,770	33,460	740	260	310	865
60 minutes and over	28,310	27,080	665	265	300	795
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	466,225	449,630	10,200	2,900	3,500	11,645
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	32,505	31,135	910	205	250	1,015
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	89,455	86,095	2,340	490	535	2,585
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	139,240	134,565	3,235	855	585	3,660
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	81,715	79,190	1,635	420	460	1,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	50,340	48,405	685	340	910	855
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	72,975	70,235	1,395	590	760	1,685
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	901,045	858,955	18,095	6,045	17,945	21,120
Non-movers	740,360	707,935	13,775	4,640	14,010	16,095
Movers	160,685	151,025	4,315	1,415	3,935	5,025
Non-migrants	116,945	111,455	2,755	1,035	1,710	3,265
Migrants	43,745	39,565	1,565	380	2,225	1,755
Internal migrants	28,770	27,105	1,195	220	240	1,305
Intraprovincial migrants	17,410	16,895	355	85	70	400
Interprovincial migrants	11,350	10,210	840	135	175	905
External migrants	14,980	12,465	370	160	1,985	450
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	853,650	815,060	17,485	5,910	15,200	20,440
Non-movers	437,380	420,015	7,600	2,165	7,590	8,685
Movers	416,270	395,040	9,885	3,740	7,605	11,760
Non-migrants	248,260	239,175	4,700	1,575	2,815	5,485
Migrants	168,005	155,865	5,185	2,165	4,790	6,270
Internal migrants	99,860	94,305	3,755	980	820	4,240
Intraprovincial migrants	45,235	44,070	810	145	210	880
Interprovincial migrants	54,625	50,235	2,945	830	615	3,360
External migrants	68,155	61,560	1,435	1,185	3,970	2,025

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Edmonton, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.