Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Vancouver, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	618,210	563,005	9,730	3,750	41,720	11,600
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	618,210	563,005	9,730	3,750	41,725	11,605
0 to 14 years	70,365	66,035	780	520	3,035	1,040
0 to 4 years	24,735	21,830	325	85	2,495	365
5 to 9 years	22,770	22,035	235	140	365	300
10 to 14 years	22,855	22,170	225	290	165	370
15 to 64 years	456,690	425,545	7,545	2,805	20,795	8,945
15 to 19 years	28,445	27,600	170	435	245	385
20 to 24 years	43,650	42,500	495	395	255	695
25 to 29 years	62,885	60,840	1,110	325	605	1,275
30 to 34 years	61,200	58,925	1,315	330	630	1,480
35 to 39 years	48,495	46,165	1,015	240	1,080	1,135
40 to 44 years	43,050	39,810	850	205	2,190	950
45 to 49 years	45,700	41,510	610	205	3,370	710
50 to 54 years	45,865	40,385	680	225	4,580	795
55 to 59 years	41,105	36,305	675	240	3,880	795
60 to 64 years	36,295	31,510	630	190	3,965	725
65 years and over	91,155	71,425	1,405	430	17,895	1,615
65 to 69 years	31,950	27,380	530	145	3,890	605
70 to 74 years	20,555	16,910	360	105	3,185	410
75 to 79 years	16,000	12,035	210	70	3,685	245
80 to 84 years	12,020	8,290	145	60	3,525	175
85 years and over	10,630	6,815	150	45	3,615	180
85 to 89 years	6,925	4,540	105	30	2,255	120
90 to 94 years	2,865	1,790	40	20	1,025	45
95 to 99 years	705	415	15	0	275	10
100 years and over	135	80	0	0	60	0
Average age	41.1	39.8	42.4	36.9	58.9	not applicable ...
Median age	39.3	37.6	39.9	33.0	61.3	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	547,845	496,975	8,945	3,230	38,695	10,565
Married or living common law	280,705	247,980	4,445	1,515	26,765	5,200
Married	222,760	192,715	2,635	1,305	26,105	3,285
Living common law	57,950	55,270	1,815	210	655	1,915
Not married and not living common law	267,140	248,990	4,500	1,715	11,925	5,365
Never married	198,325	191,510	3,280	1,430	2,105	3,995
Separated	12,095	10,860	185	85	965	225
Divorced	35,215	31,635	745	155	2,680	820
Widowed	21,510	14,985	295	50	6,175	320
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	547,845	496,975	8,945	3,230	38,695	10,560
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	530,100	480,540	8,795	2,905	37,855	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,317	52,561	53,883	42,439	21,610	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,896	35,410	40,368	24,791	17,089	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	530,765	481,080	8,820	2,910	37,950	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,787	42,466	43,960	34,939	19,208	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,651	31,619	35,653	23,256	17,021	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	477,830	441,175	7,960	2,585	26,105	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,607	53,420	55,317	44,241	20,581	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,969	35,814	42,017	26,731	13,063	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	364,195	323,500	5,780	2,015	32,910	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,528	5,224	5,846	4,427	8,532	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,443	1,213	1,835	602	8,218	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	401,075	377,545	6,995	2,170	14,370	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,021	49,962	52,367	42,425	23,684	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,468	35,532	41,436	28,263	19,672	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	92.5	93.3	92.9	92.8	65.7	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	73.7	74.7	77.2	74.7	41.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	7.5	6.7	7.1	7.2	34.3	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	547,845	496,975	8,945	3,230	38,695	10,565
Without total income	17,745	16,430	150	325	835	310
With total income	530,100	480,545	8,795	2,905	37,860	10,250
Percentage with total income	96.8	96.7	98.3	89.9	97.8	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	86,585	76,575	1,085	770	8,155	1,475
$10,000 to $19,999	95,255	76,920	1,355	545	16,435	1,625
$20,000 to $29,999	66,640	59,045	975	275	6,345	1,110
$30,000 to $39,999	54,725	50,500	955	225	3,045	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	48,860	46,200	825	235	1,600	940
$50,000 to $59,999	38,355	36,675	725	185	770	820
$60,000 to $69,999	30,150	28,970	625	105	445	675
$70,000 to $79,999	24,115	23,165	560	120	275	620
$80,000 to $89,999	19,180	18,465	430	105	180	480
$90,000 to $99,999	13,815	13,325	295	70	125	330
$100,000 and over	52,425	50,700	970	270	480	1,105
$100,000 to $149,999	31,570	30,535	595	145	290	665
$150,000 and over	20,855	20,170	380	120	185	435
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	547,845	496,975	8,950	3,230	38,695	10,560
Without after-tax income	17,080	15,890	125	320	740	290
With after-tax income	530,765	481,080	8,820	2,910	37,950	10,275
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	96.8	98.5	90.1	98.1	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	89,985	79,560	1,130	795	8,505	1,530
$10,000 to $19,999	99,865	80,925	1,435	545	16,955	1,710
$20,000 to $29,999	77,865	69,735	1,155	325	6,645	1,325
$30,000 to $39,999	65,300	60,830	1,175	305	2,995	1,325
$40,000 to $49,999	54,330	51,830	950	245	1,305	1,075
$50,000 to $59,999	39,095	37,425	890	165	615	970
$60,000 to $69,999	29,680	28,580	660	125	310	720
$70,000 to $79,999	21,300	20,500	490	135	170	560
$80,000 and over	53,340	51,685	930	275	450	1,070
$80,000 to $89,999	14,380	13,965	230	75	110	265
$90,000 to $99,999	9,425	9,170	140	40	70	160
$100,000 and over	29,535	28,545	565	155	270	640
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	547,845	496,975	8,950	3,230	38,690	10,560
Without employment income	146,770	119,430	1,955	1,060	24,325	2,485
With employment income	401,070	377,545	6,990	2,170	14,370	8,075
Percentage with employment income	73.2	76.0	78.1	67.2	37.1	76.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	51,790	48,630	870	395	1,900	1,065
$5,000 to $9,999	29,365	26,980	375	195	1,820	475
$10,000 to $19,999	54,510	49,835	780	330	3,555	950
$20,000 to $29,999	45,875	41,640	690	195	3,350	785
$30,000 to $39,999	41,255	38,725	665	215	1,650	770
$40,000 to $49,999	38,450	36,615	710	195	925	805
$50,000 to $59,999	30,415	29,300	565	130	420	630
$60,000 to $69,999	23,950	23,055	535	75	280	575
$70,000 to $79,999	19,830	19,180	435	75	135	475
$80,000 and over	65,640	63,580	1,365	360	330	1,545
$80,000 to $89,999	15,770	15,210	370	80	110	405
$90,000 to $99,999	10,745	10,405	200	70	75	235
$100,000 and over	39,120	37,970	795	215	145	905
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	547,845	496,975	8,950	3,230	38,695	10,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	170,880	162,690	3,035	715	4,445	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	55,278	56,101	61,323	60,689	28,811	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	71,274	72,283	71,740	75,924	33,247	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	618,210	563,010	9,725	3,750	41,725	11,605
English only	514,360	514,355	0	0	0	0
French only	405	0	405	0	0	400
English and French	61,340	48,280	9,315	3,750	0	11,190
Neither English nor French	42,110	370	15	0	41,725	15
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	618,210	563,010	9,725	3,750	41,725	11,600
English	410,665	405,470	5,190	0	0	5,190
French	3,690	110	3,580	0	0	3,580
Non-official language	159,355	114,325	170	3,130	41,720	1,735
Aboriginal	45	45	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	159,310	114,280	170	3,135	41,725	1,740
English and French	1,260	410	540	310	0	695
English and non-official language	42,570	42,500	75	0	0	70
French and non-official language	135	35	105	0	0	105
English, French and non-official language	535	160	70	305	0	220
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	618,210	563,005	9,730	3,750	41,725	11,605
None	476,790	431,420	4,755	1,680	38,930	5,595
English	56,535	51,605	1,960	1,675	1,300	2,795
French	7,125	4,600	2,470	40	15	2,485
Non-official language	75,335	73,385	355	125	1,470	415
Aboriginal	260	245	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	75,075	73,140	345	125	1,470	405
English and French	245	55	10	175	10	95
English and non-official language	1,250	1,150	75	15	10	80
French and non-official language	910	795	105	15	0	110
English, French and non-official language	25	0	0	25	0	15
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	618,210	563,005	9,725	3,750	41,725	11,605
English	316,790	316,770	15	0	0	20
French	9,220	320	8,900	0	0	8,900
Non-official language	272,730	227,235	385	3,385	41,725	2,080
Aboriginal	345	345	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	272,380	226,890	385	3,385	41,725	2,075
English and French	1,660	1,375	65	220	0	175
English and non-official language	16,855	16,845	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	410	60	350	0	0	350
English, French and non-official language	545	395	0	145	0	75
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	618,210	563,010	9,730	3,750	41,725	11,600
Official languages	576,100	562,635	9,715	3,750	0	11,590
English	575,700	562,635	9,310	3,750	0	11,190
French	61,740	48,280	9,715	3,750	0	11,590
Non-official languages	333,915	285,885	2,705	3,600	41,725	4,505
Aboriginal languages	625	610	15	0	0	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	333,335	285,320	2,695	3,600	41,725	4,500
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	618,210	563,010	9,730	3,750	41,725	11,600
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	13,900	13,645	255	0	0	255
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	13,440	13,190	250	0	0	245
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	8,930	8,840	85	0	0	90
Métis	4,400	4,255	150	0	0	150
Inuk (Inuit)	105	95	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	260	255	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	205	195	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	604,305	549,365	9,470	3,750	41,720	11,345
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	618,210	563,010	9,730	3,745	41,725	11,600
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	6,790	6,740	50	0	0	45
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	611,425	556,270	9,680	3,750	41,725	11,555
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	618,210	563,010	9,725	3,750	41,720	11,600
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	3,750	3,700	40	0	0	45
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	3,630	3,580	40	0	10	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	3,205	3,180	20	0	0	20
Métis single ancestry	375	355	20	0	0	20
Inuit single ancestry	50	45	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	115	120	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	115	115	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	13,590	13,115	460	10	10	465
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	12,995	12,540	445	10	10	450
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,325	9,030	280	10	0	285
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,580	3,415	160	0	0	160
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	85	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	585	570	20	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	560	550	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	20	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	600,875	546,200	9,225	3,740	41,715	11,095
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	618,210	563,010	9,730	3,745	41,725	11,600
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	525,810	485,260	7,930	2,865	29,755	9,365
Canadian citizens only	482,220	445,580	6,765	1,925	27,945	7,725
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	43,590	39,675	1,170	935	1,810	1,635
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	92,400	77,750	1,790	885	11,965	2,235
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	618,210	563,010	9,730	3,745	41,725	11,600
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	325,170	315,510	6,080	915	2,665	6,540
Immigrants^Footnote 42	262,770	220,015	2,775	2,445	37,535	3,995
Before 1981	63,890	56,360	715	350	6,465	895
1981 to 1990	38,210	30,935	190	355	6,730	370
1991 to 2000	63,480	51,450	475	555	11,000	750
2001 to 2010	59,855	49,805	655	855	8,535	1,080
2001 to 2005	26,895	22,240	270	355	4,040	445
2006 to 2010	32,955	27,570	385	500	4,500	635
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	37,335	31,465	740	335	4,795	905
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	30,270	27,480	875	385	1,525	1,065
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	262,765	220,015	2,770	2,445	37,530	3,995
Under 5 years	19,195	18,375	175	300	345	325
5 to 14 years	40,950	39,715	255	455	520	490
15 to 24 years	55,145	49,825	490	295	4,540	635
25 to 44 years	116,780	97,275	1,650	1,135	16,715	2,215
45 years and over	30,695	14,825	200	265	15,405	330
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	262,770	220,020	2,770	2,445	37,530	3,995
Americas	20,600	19,790	125	405	280	325
Brazil	1,030	965	15	50	0	35
Colombia	950	825	0	75	45	45
El Salvador	1,125	1,030	0	20	70	20
Guyana	255	260	0	0	0	0
Haiti	20	15	0	0	0	10
Jamaica	485	485	0	0	0	0
Mexico	2,755	2,555	40	115	55	95
Peru	790	760	0	15	15	10
Trinidad and Tobago	455	450	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	9,295	9,230	40	15	10	50
Other places of birth in Americas	3,435	3,220	15	110	90	70
Europe	43,990	40,705	1,870	655	765	2,200
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,160	1,120	0	10	30	10
Croatia	1,050	1,005	0	15	30	0
France	1,780	190	1,555	25	10	1,570
Germany	3,205	3,125	20	60	0	50
Greece	1,175	1,095	0	15	65	10
Hungary	950	915	10	20	0	20
Ireland^Footnote 48	1,755	1,755	0	0	0	0
Italy	3,515	3,250	15	70	180	50
Netherlands	860	855	0	0	0	0
Poland	2,155	2,085	0	15	50	0
Portugal	1,590	1,415	0	35	135	20
Romania	1,235	1,115	15	85	20	55
Russian Federation	2,330	2,115	10	90	120	60
Serbia^Footnote 49	1,315	1,230	0	60	20	30
Ukraine	1,215	1,150	10	0	55	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	12,965	12,935	30	0	0	30
Other places of birth in Europe	5,740	5,335	190	165	45	275
Africa	6,175	5,450	445	220	55	555
Algeria	130	35	65	30	0	80
Egypt	310	260	35	15	0	40
Ethiopia	440	420	0	15	10	10
Kenya	680	660	15	0	0	15
Morocco	210	65	105	40	0	125
Nigeria	130	125	0	0	0	0
Somalia	100	100	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,980	1,985	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,195	1,810	225	125	35	285
Asia	186,710	148,860	305	1,160	36,380	890
Afghanistan	290	270	0	0	15	0
Bangladesh	490	475	0	0	15	0
China^Footnote 51	66,760	39,875	40	340	26,505	210
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	24,700	22,445	0	85	2,160	50
India	12,995	11,145	10	30	1,815	20
Iran^Footnote 53	7,380	6,845	35	260	245	165
Iraq	655	590	0	0	60	0
Japan	4,195	3,895	15	10	280	20
Korea, South^Footnote 54	5,695	5,330	0	40	330	15
Lebanon	370	260	45	55	10	75
Pakistan	920	855	0	10	55	0
Philippines	28,480	28,185	15	35	240	35
Sri Lanka	1,290	1,215	0	0	70	0
Syria^Footnote 55	270	210	0	0	60	0
Taiwan	8,920	7,850	10	35	1,035	20
Viet Nam	11,935	8,860	70	170	2,830	160
Other places of birth in Asia	11,360	10,545	60	85	665	110
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	5,295	5,215	25	10	50	30
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	37,330	31,465	740	335	4,795	905
Americas	4,180	4,010	20	50	100	45
Brazil	480	455	10	15	0	20
Colombia	180	135	0	15	30	15
Cuba	25	25	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,015	985	0	0	25	0
United States^Footnote 58	1,805	1,800	0	0	10	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	65	55	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	590	540	0	10	40	0
Europe	5,875	5,090	620	95	65	670
France	600	25	555	10	0	565
Germany	360	340	10	15	0	15
Ireland^Footnote 60	940	940	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	25	25	0	10	0	0
Romania	85	70	0	10	0	10
Russian Federation	420	385	0	10	25	10
Ukraine	180	165	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	1,790	1,785	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,475	1,365	40	50	20	65
Africa	675	565	60	50	10	85
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroon	25	20	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	50	50	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	40	40	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	10	10	0	10
Nigeria	30	30	0	0	0	0
Somalia	20	25	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	175	175	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	30	10	10	15	0	15
Other places of birth in Africa	245	195	20	30	0	40
Asia	25,710	20,905	30	140	4,635	105
Afghanistan	65	55	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	95	80	0	0	15	0
China^Footnote 63	9,355	5,660	10	25	3,660	20
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	450	420	10	0	20	0
India	1,885	1,640	0	10	240	0
Iran^Footnote 65	1,610	1,440	0	50	110	30
Iraq	180	145	0	0	35	0
Israel	120	110	0	10	0	0
Japan	1,025	945	0	0	70	10
Korea, South^Footnote 66	1,230	1,180	0	10	45	10
Lebanon	60	50	10	10	0	10
Nepal	80	65	0	0	15	0
Pakistan	160	145	0	0	10	0
Philippines	6,400	6,345	10	0	45	10
Saudi Arabia	85	75	0	10	10	0
Sri Lanka	140	125	0	0	15	0
Syria^Footnote 67	190	130	0	0	60	0
Taiwan	430	380	0	0	50	0
Turkey	210	195	0	10	0	10
United Arab Emirates	60	65	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	770	570	0	15	185	10
Other places of birth in Asia	1,115	1,070	0	0	35	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	895	890	0	0	0	0
Australia	660	655	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	235	235	10	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	618,210	563,010	9,725	3,750	41,725	11,605
First generation^Footnote 71	299,195	253,380	3,760	2,840	39,210	5,180
Second generation^Footnote 72	159,210	154,660	1,350	830	2,375	1,760
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	159,805	154,965	4,620	80	140	4,655
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	204,170	167,695	2,105	2,135	32,230	3,170
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	119,295	104,820	1,445	1,530	11,505	2,205
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	49,995	42,950	1,000	650	5,400	1,325
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	69,295	61,870	440	880	6,105	885
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	63,475	45,280	515	400	17,280	715
Refugees^Footnote 79	17,825	15,115	135	195	2,385	235
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	3,580	2,485	0	20	1,065	15
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	618,210	563,010	9,730	3,750	41,725	11,605
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	319,010	274,975	1,250	2,200	40,580	2,350
South Asian^Footnote 83	37,130	34,560	50	215	2,305	155
Chinese	167,180	132,655	205	765	33,560	585
Black	6,340	5,920	320	40	60	340
Filipino	36,460	36,110	60	40	250	80
Latin American	10,935	10,180	60	380	315	250
Arab	2,965	2,385	225	160	190	305
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	17,115	14,800	135	190	1,995	225
West Asian^Footnote 85	8,630	7,995	35	255	345	160
Korean	9,365	8,785	10	50	520	35
Japanese	10,315	9,740	35	30	510	50
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	1,500	1,370	40	35	65	55
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	11,065	10,470	80	35	475	100
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	299,205	288,030	8,475	1,550	1,145	9,250
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	618,210	563,010	9,730	3,745	41,725	11,600
North American Aboriginal origins	17,335	16,815	500	10	15	505
First Nations (North American Indian)	13,240	12,905	325	10	0	325
Inuit	175	160	0	0	10	10
Métis	4,635	4,440	195	0	0	195
Other North American origins	77,510	74,100	2,895	160	355	2,970
Acadian	690	550	140	0	0	140
American	9,110	9,025	65	20	10	70
Canadian	70,370	67,225	2,640	145	355	2,715
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	210	215	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	20	0	0	0	10
Québécois	360	205	155	0	0	155
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	65	65	0	0	0	0
European origins	297,695	287,375	7,400	1,625	1,300	8,215
British Isles origins	185,735	184,110	1,400	155	70	1,480
Channel Islander	50	50	0	0	0	0
Cornish	115	110	0	0	0	0
English	109,085	108,515	460	60	50	495
Irish	72,910	72,165	680	50	20	705
Manx	205	210	0	0	0	0
Scottish	82,705	82,145	440	75	45	475
Welsh	11,105	11,060	35	10	0	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	16,535	16,370	145	15	0	155
French origins	38,970	32,425	6,250	230	60	6,365
Alsatian	45	40	0	0	0	0
Breton	25	10	15	0	0	20
Corsican	30	25	0	0	0	0
French	38,930	32,395	6,245	225	65	6,360
Western European origins (except French origins)	74,080	72,535	1,080	355	115	1,250
Austrian	5,730	5,600	65	60	10	90
Bavarian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Belgian	2,260	1,985	235	35	0	255
Dutch	16,095	15,925	105	50	20	130
Flemish	260	250	0	0	0	10
Frisian	45	45	0	0	0	0
German	52,845	52,055	495	210	90	600
Luxembourger	135	115	10	0	10	10
Swiss	3,605	3,305	265	35	0	280
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	145	150	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	29,330	29,145	90	80	0	135
Danish	5,235	5,195	20	15	0	30
Finnish	3,095	3,070	10	10	10	15
Icelandic	2,805	2,780	0	20	0	10
Norwegian	10,765	10,735	20	10	0	25
Swedish	9,375	9,295	40	40	0	65
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,160	1,150	10	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	65,690	64,260	615	415	400	820
Bulgarian	830	760	20	30	20	35
Byelorussian	535	510	10	10	15	10
Czech	3,330	3,275	30	10	15	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	540	535	0	0	0	0
Estonian	680	675	0	0	10	0
Hungarian	6,280	6,110	80	60	25	115
Latvian	945	935	10	10	0	0
Lithuanian	1,870	1,840	20	0	0	20
Moldovan	125	105	0	15	10	10
Polish	19,415	19,070	210	75	65	245
Romanian	3,990	3,785	70	105	30	125
Russian	16,960	16,430	170	150	210	245
Slovak	1,745	1,720	15	0	0	15
Ukrainian	21,570	21,285	115	85	85	160
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	1,055	1,045	0	10	0	10
Southern European origins	54,160	51,710	990	750	715	1,360
Albanian	180	170	0	10	0	10
Bosnian	580	560	0	15	0	10
Catalan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Croatian	3,890	3,765	30	70	25	60
Cypriot	50	50	0	0	0	0
Greek	5,760	5,580	70	35	70	85
Italian	22,510	21,555	510	220	230	620
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	290	270	0	15	0	10
Maltese	330	325	10	0	0	10
Montenegrin	215	210	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	6,445	6,045	70	145	190	145
Serbian	3,270	3,055	20	135	65	85
Sicilian	65	50	10	0	0	15
Slovenian	770	755	15	0	0	15
Spanish	13,570	12,750	340	310	170	500
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	790	785	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	80	75	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	8,170	7,900	165	65	50	195
Basque	265	255	10	0	10	10
Jewish	5,655	5,465	110	40	45	125
Roma (Gypsy)	155	155	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	180	175	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	2,015	1,940	50	20	0	60
Caribbean origins	4,275	4,160	80	0	30	75
Antiguan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	355	350	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	270	265	0	0	10	0
Dominican	160	145	0	0	15	0
Grenadian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	120	90	30	0	0	25
Jamaican	1,345	1,335	15	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	100	95	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,055	1,050	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	65	65	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	410	390	15	0	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	430	410	15	0	0	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	15,115	14,170	145	470	335	380
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	630	605	0	20	10	10
Arawak	15	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	445	425	15	10	0	15
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	70	60	10	0	0	10
Brazilian	1,645	1,555	20	35	40	40
Chilean	1,075	1,025	15	25	10	30
Colombian	1,445	1,310	15	75	40	55
Costa Rican	165	155	0	10	10	0
Ecuadorian	235	215	0	10	15	0
Guatemalan	425	385	20	15	10	25
Guyanese	380	380	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	335	295	0	30	0	15
Honduran	220	205	0	10	0	10
Maya	190	175	0	15	0	10
Mexican	5,120	4,800	40	180	105	125
Nicaraguan	250	235	0	0	10	0
Panamanian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	70	65	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	815	775	0	20	15	15
Salvadorean	1,300	1,235	0	15	45	15
Uruguayan	105	90	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	570	525	10	20	10	20
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	670	605	0	40	25	25
African origins	9,715	8,615	780	225	90	895
Central and West African origins	920	790	115	0	10	120
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	20	10	10	0	0	10
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	55	25	25	0	0	25
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	115	40	65	0	0	65
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	230	235	0	0	0	0
Guinean	45	35	15	0	0	15
Ibo	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Liberian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Malian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	270	265	0	0	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	25	25	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	30	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	105	100	10	0	0	0
North African origins	2,125	1,505	445	150	25	520
Algerian	235	95	125	15	0	130
Berber	65	0	10	55	0	40
Coptic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	790	705	75	0	0	75
Libyan	60	50	0	0	10	0
Maure	65	45	0	0	20	0
Moroccan	590	400	160	35	0	175
Sudanese	115	110	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	200	80	55	60	0	85
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	70	20	25	20	0	40
Southern and East African origins	3,960	3,770	110	45	30	135
Afrikaner	145	150	0	0	0	0
Amhara	10	15	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	20	10	0	10	0	10
Burundian	30	25	0	0	10	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	170	135	0	10	20	0
Ethiopian	535	525	0	0	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	195	195	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	30	25	0	10	0	0
Mauritian	140	80	40	20	0	50
Oromo	70	70	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	120	90	30	0	0	30
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	330	320	10	0	0	10
South African	1,555	1,545	10	0	0	10
Tanzanian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	135	135	0	0	0	10
Zambian	55	60	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	175	180	0	0	0	0
Zulu	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	300	275	20	0	0	25
Other African origins	2,820	2,640	120	25	25	135
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	385	375	0	10	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	2,465	2,290	120	25	25	140
Asian origins	306,450	263,525	960	1,825	40,140	1,870
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	19,110	17,600	365	495	650	615
Afghan	535	520	0	0	20	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,075	900	55	45	70	80
Armenian	965	850	60	35	20	80
Assyrian	95	80	0	0	15	0
Azerbaijani	180	170	0	10	0	0
Georgian	150	140	10	0	10	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	9,380	8,755	45	270	310	180
Iraqi	690	635	0	10	40	10
Israeli	1,005	950	35	15	0	45
Jordanian	155	150	0	10	0	10
Kazakh	75	75	0	0	0	0
Kurd	495	450	0	10	30	10
Kuwaiti	40	40	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	25	25	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,470	1,240	135	80	15	175
Palestinian	380	360	20	0	0	15
Pashtun	75	65	0	10	0	0
Saudi Arabian	345	295	0	10	40	10
Syrian	600	510	40	0	45	45
Tajik	35	35	0	0	0	0
Tatar	225	225	0	0	0	0
Turk	1,820	1,720	60	15	15	70
Turkmen	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uighur	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	70	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	85	85	0	0	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	545	500	10	15	20	10
South Asian origins	37,625	35,070	85	200	2,270	185
Bangladeshi	475	450	0	0	25	0
Bengali	230	230	0	10	10	0
Bhutanese	0	10	0	0	0	0
East Indian	31,435	29,295	70	175	1,900	160
Goan	100	95	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	170	175	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	20	20	0	0	0	0
Nepali	320	290	0	10	25	0
Pakistani	1,320	1,280	10	0	25	15
Punjabi	2,505	2,275	0	20	210	10
Sinhalese	60	65	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,525	1,445	15	10	65	15
Tamil	355	335	0	0	25	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	775	720	0	0	50	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	251,170	212,300	530	1,135	37,205	1,105
Burmese	725	685	0	10	30	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	755	645	10	0	95	10
Chinese	175,205	140,460	300	815	33,630	705
Filipino	39,480	39,120	70	40	245	90
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,295	1,280	0	0	10	10
Japanese	12,765	12,145	25	45	545	50
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10,200	9,570	20	60	560	45
Laotian	240	210	10	0	30	10
Malaysian	1,220	1,210	0	0	15	0
Mongolian	390	370	10	0	10	10
Singaporean	240	240	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	5,875	5,320	0	20	540	10
Thai	1,305	1,260	15	10	20	25
Tibetan	155	145	0	0	10	0
Vietnamese	15,685	13,250	100	185	2,145	200
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	185	175	0	0	10	10
Other Asian origins	500	455	0	0	40	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	500	455	0	0	45	0
Oceania origins	6,045	6,000	10	0	25	15
Australian	3,000	2,990	10	10	0	0
New Zealander	1,020	1,025	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	2,135	2,105	0	0	25	10
Fijian	1,655	1,630	0	0	25	0
Hawaiian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Maori	160	155	0	0	0	0
Samoan	55	50	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	75	75	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	130	120	10	0	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	547,845	496,975	8,945	3,230	38,690	10,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	68,855	47,945	665	395	19,855	865
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	132,610	118,655	1,370	590	11,995	1,665
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	346,380	330,375	6,915	2,245	6,850	8,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,340	24,700	655	95	890	700
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	14,215	13,185	370	50	615	395
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	12,125	11,520	290	45	270	310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	81,815	78,090	1,490	275	1,965	1,625
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,320	17,995	390	110	825	445
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	218,900	209,580	4,380	1,775	3,170	5,265
Bachelor's degree	139,740	134,945	1,905	715	2,170	2,265
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	13,930	13,055	415	190	275	505
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,295	6,880	135	90	190	180
Master's degree	47,805	45,230	1,580	535	455	1,845
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	10,130	9,465	345	240	80	465
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	547,845	496,975	8,945	3,230	38,690	10,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	201,465	166,605	2,035	985	31,845	2,525
Education	17,510	16,445	500	70	490	535
13. Education	17,510	16,445	495	70	495	535
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30,250	29,170	665	130	280	730
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,720	4,510	150	25	30	165
50. Visual and performing arts	25,535	24,665	515	100	255	565
Humanities	26,035	24,720	615	265	430	750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,260	2,785	165	105	200	220
23. English language and literature/letters	8,755	8,555	110	35	60	130
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,330	6,110	125	25	65	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	160	145	10	0	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,815	1,760	15	10	25	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,265	1,245	0	0	15	0
54. History	3,515	3,375	70	20	50	80
55. French language and literature/letters	940	750	120	65	10	150
Social and behavioural sciences and law	54,630	52,720	1,005	325	580	1,170
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,275	1,215	45	10	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	6,880	6,585	205	35	60	225
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,600	4,370	60	25	150	75
22. Legal professions and studies	8,765	8,485	130	55	90	160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	1,175	1,145	25	10	0	30
42. Psychology	9,965	9,740	165	50	10	190
45. Social sciences	21,965	21,190	365	140	270	440
Business, management and public administration	72,555	69,090	1,325	475	1,665	1,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	75	75	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,550	3,455	75	10	15	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	68,925	65,560	1,250	465	1,650	1,480
Physical and life sciences and technologies	19,140	18,210	430	175	320	520
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,995	8,685	195	65	50	225
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,880	3,720	55	30	70	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	210	205	10	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	5,755	5,325	165	80	175	205
41. Science technologies/technicians	305	270	10	0	25	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	17,065	16,290	390	125	260	450
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,090	12,580	315	85	110	355
25. Library science	1,315	1,275	15	10	10	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,445	2,220	60	30	135	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	220	210	10	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	47,600	44,915	860	335	1,490	1,025
04. Architecture and related services	5,175	4,910	90	65	105	125
14. Engineering	20,400	19,035	390	210	775	490
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,950	6,575	120	15	240	125
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	20	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,645	6,395	105	10	130	110
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,835	5,585	95	10	140	100
48. Precision production	2,565	2,395	55	20	95	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,845	4,580	105	25	140	115
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,550	2,375	55	15	95	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,300	2,205	45	10	45	45
Health and related fields	43,615	41,950	640	280	740	780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,815	3,670	85	25	30	100
51. Health professions and related programs	37,375	36,015	490	220	655	595
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,425	2,265	65	40	50	85
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,015	12,145	380	45	445	405
12. Personal and culinary services	10,320	9,585	300	35	395	320
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	50	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	850	835	10	0	10	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,760	1,650	65	10	40	70
Other	130	125	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	125	125	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	547,845	496,975	8,950	3,230	38,695	10,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	201,465	166,600	2,030	985	31,845	2,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	346,380	330,370	6,915	2,245	6,850	8,040
Location of study inside Canada	239,130	232,990	4,605	995	535	5,100
Same as province or territory of residence	180,590	177,510	1,800	760	530	2,175
Different than province or territory of residence	58,535	55,480	2,805	240	0	2,925
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	107,250	97,380	2,310	1,250	6,310	2,930
United States^Footnote 130	15,960	15,670	155	105	30	205
Philippines	14,030	13,970	15	15	35	20
India	3,815	3,720	0	10	85	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	11,065	10,915	100	45	10	120
China^Footnote 132	13,525	9,065	10	30	4,425	25
France	1,950	225	1,590	130	10	1,655
Other	46,895	43,810	445	910	1,725	900
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	547,845	496,975	8,950	3,230	38,690	not applicable ...
In the labour force	370,960	349,965	6,745	1,990	12,255	not applicable ...
Employed	350,145	330,740	6,330	1,830	11,235	not applicable ...
Unemployed	20,815	19,225	415	155	1,015	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	176,890	147,010	2,200	1,240	26,435	not applicable ...
Participation rate	67.7	70.4	75.4	61.6	31.7	not applicable ...
Employment rate	63.9	66.6	70.7	56.7	29.0	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.5	6.2	7.8	8.3	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	547,845	496,975	8,945	3,235	38,690	10,565
Did not work^Footnote 135	165,000	135,840	2,125	1,175	25,860	2,715
Worked	382,840	361,135	6,825	2,055	12,830	7,850
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	176,985	168,425	3,150	750	4,660	3,525
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	205,855	192,710	3,675	1,300	8,170	4,325
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.3	42.4	39.3	40.4	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	395,780	373,070	7,090	2,180	13,440	8,175
a.Management	46,900	44,150	985	155	1,610	1,065
00 Senior management occupations	6,255	5,830	135	35	255	150
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	18,590	17,790	430	55	310	460
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	15,320	14,360	285	50	625	310
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,730	6,165	135	15	420	145
b.Professional	107,110	103,400	2,350	800	560	2,750
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	20,615	19,965	330	110	205	385
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	24,615	23,700	600	200	110	700
30 Professional occupations in nursing	6,050	5,970	45	25	10	60
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	9,850	9,565	200	65	10	240
40 Professional occupations in education services	18,235	17,325	615	230	65	730
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	16,305	15,870	270	90	70	315
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	11,435	11,000	280	65	90	315
c.Technical and paraprofessional	44,230	42,740	950	225	320	1,060
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	10,030	9,675	230	65	60	260
32 Technical occupations in health	5,740	5,570	85	15	70	90
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	8,115	7,845	135	40	100	150
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,100	1,075	15	0	0	20
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	19,240	18,570	485	100	85	535
d.Administration and administrative support	44,000	42,550	650	280	525	785
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	20,455	19,800	360	105	195	410
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	3,410	3,295	50	30	35	65
14 Office support occupations	14,935	14,450	150	125	205	210
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	5,200	5,000	90	20	90	100
e.Sales	36,605	34,760	435	225	1,180	550
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	10,365	10,030	165	50	120	185
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	17,225	16,385	230	125	485	290
66 Sales support occupations	9,010	8,340	45	55	575	70
f.Personal and customer information services	75,630	68,985	1,170	320	5,150	1,335
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,780	4,665	30	15	65	40
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	6,840	6,465	90	30	255	110
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	16,625	14,075	275	60	2,215	305
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	25,145	23,620	550	100	870	600
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	22,230	20,155	220	105	1,745	275
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	15,375	14,330	245	40	760	265
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	11,285	10,455	210	20	605	220
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	4,095	3,885	35	15	160	45
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	13,335	12,375	155	60	750	180
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	4,450	4,130	40	15	265	45
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	5,795	5,495	75	25	200	85
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	3,090	2,755	45	15	280	45
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,880	3,240	80	20	535	95
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	945	820	10	10	110	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	635	475	0	0	155	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,300	1,950	70	10	270	75
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,720	6,540	65	60	2,050	100
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	795	735	0	0	50	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,485	2,430	20	30	1,000	40
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,305	1,150	20	0	135	20
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	3,140	2,225	25	20	870	35
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	395,780	373,065	7,085	2,180	13,440	8,180
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,270	1,750	40	30	455	50
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	1,200	825	20	25	335	35
113 Forestry and logging	210	200	0	10	10	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	545	450	0	0	95	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	305	275	10	0	15	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,510	1,445	35	10	30	35
211 Oil and gas extraction	280	275	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	510	485	10	0	15	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	720	690	25	0	10	25
22 Utilities	1,545	1,520	10	10	10	20
221 Utilities	1,545	1,515	10	10	10	15
23 Construction	19,005	17,525	315	40	1,125	335
236 Construction of buildings	7,335	6,670	125	25	520	135
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,425	1,375	25	10	20	30
238 Specialty trade contractors	10,245	9,475	165	15	595	170
31-33 Manufacturing	18,330	15,530	265	125	2,410	325
311 Food manufacturing	4,680	3,480	50	30	1,120	65
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	570	560	10	0	10	10
313 Textile mills	130	100	10	0	30	0
314 Textile product mills	225	200	10	0	25	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	1,380	755	0	0	625	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	45	40	10	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	610	530	10	20	50	20
322 Paper manufacturing	350	325	10	0	20	0
323 Printing and related support activities	1,180	1,115	10	0	55	15
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	105	95	0	0	10	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,095	1,045	15	10	20	20
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	460	410	0	0	45	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	475	415	10	10	35	15
331 Primary metal manufacturing	275	260	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	895	835	10	0	40	15
333 Machinery manufacturing	865	795	15	0	50	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,410	1,330	35	10	30	40
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	425	395	15	0	10	15
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	830	760	40	15	15	45
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,060	915	10	15	125	15
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,275	1,170	10	0	90	15
41 Wholesale trade	12,485	11,425	170	55	845	190
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	125	100	0	0	20	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	25	25	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	3,520	3,000	25	10	485	25
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	2,255	2,100	55	10	90	55
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	420	405	10	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,630	1,515	20	10	95	25
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,335	2,255	35	15	30	40
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,225	1,150	20	0	45	20
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	955	875	15	0	65	20
44-45 Retail trade	40,605	38,425	510	225	1,445	620
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,525	2,455	15	0	45	20
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,555	1,455	30	15	55	40
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,960	1,920	10	20	10	25
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,260	1,205	10	15	30	10
445 Food and beverage stores	9,870	8,980	75	35	780	90
446 Health and personal care stores	5,030	4,835	35	20	130	50
447 Gasoline stations	525	505	0	10	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	8,400	8,020	165	70	150	200
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,440	2,365	45	0	30	45
452 General merchandise stores	2,585	2,460	40	10	70	50
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,480	2,320	35	10	110	40
454 Non-store retailers	1,970	1,895	50	15	10	55
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	13,940	13,300	330	70	245	365
481 Air transportation	2,325	2,150	155	0	15	155
482 Rail transportation	235	205	25	0	0	25
483 Water transportation	560	550	10	0	10	10
484 Truck transportation	1,370	1,280	20	0	70	15
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,175	2,115	30	10	20	40
486 Pipeline transportation	45	45	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	285	265	10	0	10	10
488 Support activities for transportation	3,005	2,900	40	20	40	55
491 Postal service	1,630	1,580	30	10	15	35
492 Couriers and messengers	1,315	1,290	10	0	15	10
493 Warehousing and storage	1,000	925	0	20	60	10
51 Information and cultural industries	22,050	21,250	625	105	70	680
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	3,970	3,800	125	20	25	135
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	11,200	10,785	340	50	30	365
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,045	975	60	0	15	65
517 Telecommunications	3,415	3,350	60	10	10	55
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	635	615	15	10	0	15
519 Other information services	1,775	1,725	25	25	0	40
52 Finance and insurance	19,355	18,630	295	125	300	355
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	10	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	8,085	7,885	105	55	40	130
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	5,350	5,050	60	35	215	75
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	5,815	5,600	130	30	50	150
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	100	85	0	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	12,200	11,650	165	70	320	200
531 Real estate	11,230	10,735	140	65	295	175
532 Rental and leasing services	900	855	15	10	20	20
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	65	60	0	0	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	51,210	49,455	990	345	420	1,165
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	51,210	49,455	990	340	420	1,160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,090	1,035	30	0	25	30
551 Management of companies and enterprises	1,095	1,035	30	0	25	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,925	15,720	300	80	825	340
561 Administrative and support services	16,390	15,205	305	80	810	340
562 Waste management and remediation services	535	515	0	0	15	0
61 Educational services	35,125	33,590	970	360	205	1,150
611 Educational services	35,125	33,590	970	360	205	1,150
62 Health care and social assistance	41,785	40,595	560	180	445	645
621 Ambulatory health care services	18,275	17,780	210	90	185	260
622 Hospitals	11,885	11,620	190	45	30	210
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	4,130	3,985	35	15	95	45
624 Social assistance	7,495	7,210	120	20	140	130
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	12,375	12,025	215	35	100	235
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	6,655	6,465	115	15	60	125
712 Heritage institutions	800	780	15	0	10	15
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	4,920	4,785	85	20	30	90
72 Accommodation and food services	41,360	37,420	620	170	3,150	705
721 Accommodation services	5,660	5,390	105	25	135	115
722 Food services and drinking places	35,695	32,025	515	145	3,015	585
81 Other services (except public administration)	19,165	17,810	285	80	1,000	325
811 Repair and maintenance	2,600	2,395	10	10	180	20
812 Personal and laundry services	6,865	6,270	90	30	480	105
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	6,630	6,280	145	25	175	155
814 Private households	3,070	2,855	40	10	165	45
91 Public administration	13,450	12,980	370	85	15	410
911 Federal government public administration	5,805	5,490	255	55	10	285
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	2,610	2,550	40	20	0	55
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	4,770	4,690	65	10	0	70
914 Aboriginal public administration	110	110	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	150	140	0	0	0	10
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	350,145	330,740	6,330	1,830	11,240	7,245
Worked at home	31,200	29,715	660	130	700	720
Worked outside Canada	3,615	2,865	40	25	685	55
No fixed workplace address	39,035	36,170	770	160	1,930	850
Worked at usual place	276,290	261,995	4,855	1,520	7,925	5,615
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	395,780	373,070	7,090	2,180	13,445	8,175
English	362,825	352,930	5,935	1,800	2,165	6,835
French	1,265	475	730	60	0	765
Non-official language	22,130	11,300	20	105	10,705	75
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	22,130	11,300	25	105	10,705	80
English and French	965	490	365	105	10	415
English and non-official language	8,455	7,800	20	70	560	55
French and non-official language	20	10	0	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	115	55	20	40	0	35
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	395,780	373,070	7,085	2,180	13,440	8,180
None	355,720	338,535	4,695	1,755	10,740	5,570
English	8,480	6,455	540	95	1,400	580
French	4,905	3,070	1,695	140	0	1,765
Non-official language	25,710	24,250	90	150	1,215	165
Aboriginal	55	55	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	25,660	24,195	90	150	1,215	165
English and French	15	10	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	380	285	10	0	80	10
French and non-official language	555	460	65	35	0	80
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	276,290	261,990	4,855	1,520	7,920	5,615
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	187,360	178,280	3,485	895	4,695	3,935
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	86,035	80,995	1,310	575	3,145	1,600
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,760	1,650	25	20	65	35
Commute to a different province or territory	1,140	1,065	35	30	15	45
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	315,330	298,165	5,630	1,685	9,850	6,470
Car, truck, van - as a driver	143,185	135,430	1,865	490	5,400	2,105
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	11,400	10,200	145	75	985	180
Public transit	93,680	88,455	1,730	685	2,800	2,070
Walked	43,160	41,315	1,050	255	540	1,180
Bicycle	19,355	18,445	740	135	35	810
Other method	4,550	4,315	100	40	90	120
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	315,330	298,160	5,630	1,685	9,850	6,470
Less than 15 minutes	51,980	49,465	925	295	1,290	1,075
15 to 29 minutes	124,645	118,415	2,325	555	3,350	2,605
30 to 44 minutes	88,985	83,490	1,450	475	3,565	1,690
45 to 59 minutes	30,340	28,930	520	175	720	600
60 minutes and over	19,385	17,860	410	180	930	500
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	315,325	298,160	5,630	1,685	9,855	6,470
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	11,515	10,710	215	60	525	250
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	37,375	35,550	580	150	1,095	660
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	73,520	69,965	1,575	420	1,555	1,790
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	88,405	83,965	1,795	515	2,125	2,050
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	59,960	55,375	900	330	3,355	1,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	44,555	42,600	560	205	1,190	660
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	612,735	558,405	9,625	3,705	41,000	11,480
Non-movers	505,505	459,310	7,320	2,870	36,005	8,750
Movers	107,235	99,095	2,305	835	4,995	2,725
Non-migrants	64,935	60,920	1,110	370	2,525	1,300
Migrants	42,300	38,175	1,195	465	2,470	1,430
Internal migrants	23,850	22,435	655	235	520	775
Intraprovincial migrants	15,025	14,330	195	110	390	250
Interprovincial migrants	8,825	8,105	460	130	130	525
External migrants	18,460	15,735	540	230	1,955	650
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	593,475	541,180	9,405	3,665	39,225	11,240
Non-movers	316,195	284,025	4,110	1,770	26,295	4,995
Movers	277,280	257,155	5,295	1,895	12,930	6,245
Non-migrants	152,990	143,180	2,275	750	6,790	2,650
Migrants	124,290	113,980	3,020	1,145	6,150	3,590
Internal migrants	66,790	63,810	1,635	390	950	1,830
Intraprovincial migrants	41,260	39,910	430	215	700	540
Interprovincial migrants	25,530	23,900	1,205	170	255	1,290
External migrants	57,500	50,170	1,380	755	5,195	1,760

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Vancouver, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.