Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Capital

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	372,875	362,660	6,260	930	3,020	6,725
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	372,875	362,665	6,265	935	3,015	6,725
0 to 14 years	49,755	48,550	490	250	465	620
0 to 4 years	16,055	15,420	190	50	395	215
5 to 9 years	16,865	16,540	170	100	50	225
10 to 14 years	16,830	16,590	125	100	20	175
15 to 64 years	246,670	240,650	4,370	545	1,105	4,640
15 to 19 years	18,785	18,485	165	105	40	215
20 to 24 years	24,430	24,065	300	30	35	310
25 to 29 years	24,115	23,625	375	75	45	415
30 to 34 years	24,440	23,955	420	35	30	440
35 to 39 years	23,230	22,530	515	90	95	560
40 to 44 years	22,390	21,775	450	60	105	480
45 to 49 years	24,280	23,640	440	40	165	460
50 to 54 years	27,235	26,500	525	40	175	545
55 to 59 years	28,855	28,080	535	35	210	550
60 to 64 years	28,900	28,005	640	50	205	665
65 years and over	76,450	73,465	1,405	135	1,445	1,475
65 to 69 years	26,955	26,140	440	35	345	455
70 to 74 years	18,945	18,275	360	50	255	380
75 to 79 years	12,865	12,220	275	15	360	280
80 to 84 years	9,230	8,780	190	30	235	205
85 years and over	8,460	8,055	150	10	245	155
85 to 89 years	5,495	5,230	90	10	165	95
90 to 94 years	2,410	2,295	55	0	60	55
95 to 99 years	490	475	0	0	15	0
100 years and over	65	55	0	0	10	0
Average age	43.7	43.5	47.9	35.0	55.2	not applicable ...
Median age	44.8	44.6	49.6	32.1	63.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	323,120	314,115	5,770	680	2,555	6,110
Married or living common law	184,680	179,045	3,545	370	1,725	3,730
Married	148,040	143,435	2,545	340	1,715	2,720
Living common law	36,645	35,610	995	25	15	1,005
Not married and not living common law	138,440	135,070	2,225	320	825	2,385
Never married	87,590	85,960	1,240	245	150	1,365
Separated	8,710	8,480	155	15	55	165
Divorced	26,310	25,620	535	35	120	555
Widowed	15,825	15,010	290	15	505	300
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	323,120	314,115	5,770	685	2,555	6,110
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	313,480	304,755	5,650	630	2,440	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,004	48,135	53,756	39,869	20,419	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,198	37,426	40,134	27,994	15,614	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	313,905	305,170	5,665	630	2,445	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,939	40,047	44,147	34,720	18,008	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,113	33,294	35,453	25,468	15,255	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	291,045	283,650	5,230	575	1,595	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,044	46,096	52,098	39,068	19,363	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,312	34,438	37,960	26,349	9,678	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	220,660	214,215	3,890	425	2,130	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,466	7,443	8,098	6,248	8,934	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,631	5,572	7,051	2,248	10,530	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	235,560	230,090	4,250	470	750	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,654	41,684	43,839	34,425	24,825	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,828	31,857	36,097	23,421	20,572	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.1	89.1	89.6	89.4	61.9	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	65.2	65.4	61.3	64.4	37.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	10.9	10.9	10.4	10.7	38.2	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	323,120	314,115	5,775	685	2,550	6,115
Without total income	9,640	9,355	115	55	110	145
With total income	313,480	304,760	5,655	625	2,440	5,965
Percentage with total income	97.0	97.0	97.9	91.2	95.7	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	38,720	37,375	600	140	610	670
$10,000 to $19,999	49,660	47,535	940	120	1,060	1,000
$20,000 to $29,999	42,035	40,980	645	70	330	685
$30,000 to $39,999	36,560	35,680	625	50	205	650
$40,000 to $49,999	33,950	33,305	485	70	85	520
$50,000 to $59,999	28,105	27,525	500	30	50	515
$60,000 to $69,999	21,320	20,805	455	25	30	470
$70,000 to $79,999	17,250	16,845	365	30	15	380
$80,000 to $89,999	13,245	12,815	370	30	25	390
$90,000 to $99,999	8,995	8,745	225	15	0	235
$100,000 and over	23,645	23,135	440	40	30	460
$100,000 to $149,999	15,920	15,555	315	30	15	330
$150,000 and over	7,725	7,580	120	10	10	125
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	323,120	314,110	5,775	680	2,555	6,115
Without after-tax income	9,215	8,940	105	50	110	135
With after-tax income	313,900	305,175	5,660	630	2,445	5,975
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.2	98.0	92.6	95.7	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	41,130	39,710	650	135	635	725
$10,000 to $19,999	52,430	50,200	1,005	125	1,105	1,065
$20,000 to $29,999	50,115	48,920	775	80	345	810
$30,000 to $39,999	43,720	42,765	690	65	205	720
$40,000 to $49,999	38,375	37,645	600	75	55	640
$50,000 to $59,999	28,275	27,495	695	40	40	715
$60,000 to $69,999	20,755	20,250	435	45	20	460
$70,000 to $79,999	14,245	13,880	330	15	20	335
$80,000 and over	24,855	24,300	485	50	25	505
$80,000 to $89,999	7,860	7,695	145	15	10	150
$90,000 to $99,999	4,755	4,600	135	15	0	145
$100,000 and over	12,235	12,000	205	20	10	215
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	323,120	314,115	5,770	685	2,555	6,110
Without employment income	87,560	84,025	1,515	210	1,805	1,620
With employment income	235,560	230,090	4,250	470	750	4,490
Percentage with employment income	72.9	73.3	73.7	68.6	29.4	73.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40,350	39,380	765	120	85	825
$5,000 to $9,999	17,385	16,970	280	35	100	295
$10,000 to $19,999	30,110	29,385	475	65	175	510
$20,000 to $29,999	25,585	25,005	410	50	125	435
$30,000 to $39,999	22,850	22,335	360	20	135	370
$40,000 to $49,999	22,475	22,015	345	55	55	370
$50,000 to $59,999	18,615	18,230	340	15	35	345
$60,000 to $69,999	14,310	14,010	270	15	15	280
$70,000 to $79,999	12,460	12,115	305	30	10	320
$80,000 and over	31,430	30,635	715	60	20	745
$80,000 to $89,999	9,645	9,325	290	20	10	300
$90,000 to $99,999	6,350	6,185	160	15	0	165
$100,000 and over	15,430	15,125	270	25	0	285
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	323,125	314,115	5,770	685	2,550	6,110
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	100,060	97,795	1,855	150	255	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	53,896	53,813	61,544	68,976	32,340	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	61,987	62,014	63,919	64,799	35,927	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	372,875	362,660	6,265	935	3,015	6,725
English only	331,765	331,765	0	0	0	0
French only	140	0	140	0	0	145
English and French	37,865	30,815	6,115	935	0	6,585
Neither English nor French	3,100	75	0	0	3,020	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	372,875	362,660	6,260	930	3,020	6,730
English	341,980	338,010	3,970	0	0	3,970
French	1,985	140	1,850	0	0	1,850
Non-official language	19,650	15,900	45	685	3,020	385
Aboriginal	55	55	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	19,600	15,845	45	685	3,020	385
English and French	660	185	300	175	0	390
English and non-official language	8,390	8,365	30	0	0	30
French and non-official language	45	10	35	0	0	40
English, French and non-official language	160	55	35	70	0	65
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	372,875	362,660	6,265	935	3,020	6,730
None	340,120	333,610	3,270	455	2,785	3,500
English	9,800	8,145	1,130	365	160	1,315
French	4,895	3,215	1,665	15	0	1,670
Non-official language	17,360	17,175	85	20	75	95
Aboriginal	395	390	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	16,965	16,790	85	25	75	90
English and French	70	0	10	65	0	45
English and non-official language	235	175	50	0	0	50
French and non-official language	385	345	45	0	0	40
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	372,875	362,660	6,265	935	3,020	6,730
English	312,910	312,905	0	0	0	10
French	6,375	410	5,965	0	0	5,970
Non-official language	48,540	44,670	85	765	3,020	470
Aboriginal	235	235	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	48,310	44,440	85	765	3,020	470
English and French	995	785	60	150	0	130
English and non-official language	3,785	3,780	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	160	25	140	0	0	135
English, French and non-official language	110	85	0	20	0	15
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	372,875	362,660	6,265	935	3,020	6,725
Official languages	369,775	362,585	6,260	935	0	6,725
English	369,635	362,580	6,120	935	0	6,580
French	38,005	30,815	6,255	930	0	6,725
Non-official languages	69,250	64,355	1,080	790	3,020	1,480
Aboriginal languages	740	730	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	68,550	63,665	1,070	795	3,020	1,470
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	372,875	362,660	6,260	930	3,020	6,730
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	17,880	17,555	275	45	0	300
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	17,195	16,895	260	45	0	280
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	10,235	10,145	75	15	0	80
Métis	6,830	6,615	180	30	0	200
Inuk (Inuit)	135	135	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	365	360	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	310	295	15	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	355,000	345,105	5,990	885	3,020	6,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	372,875	362,660	6,260	935	3,020	6,730
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	7,725	7,665	55	10	0	55
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	365,150	354,995	6,210	930	3,020	6,675
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	372,875	362,660	6,260	935	3,020	6,725
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	4,830	4,790	40	10	0	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	4,735	4,685	35	10	0	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	4,110	4,075	30	10	0	30
Métis single ancestry	590	580	10	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	35	35	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	100	105	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	75	80	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	25	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	18,035	17,470	530	35	10	545
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	17,155	16,600	515	35	0	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	11,030	10,725	295	0	0	300
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,950	5,695	220	35	10	235
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	180	180	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	885	865	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	845	830	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	25	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	350,005	340,405	5,695	890	3,015	6,140
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	372,875	362,660	6,260	935	3,020	6,730
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	349,885	341,335	6,095	690	1,760	6,445
Canadian citizens only	332,245	324,535	5,610	475	1,630	5,845
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	17,640	16,800	490	215	130	600
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	22,990	21,325	165	240	1,260	285
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	372,875	362,660	6,260	930	3,020	6,730
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	297,140	291,135	5,335	320	345	5,495
Immigrants^Footnote 42	68,925	65,060	905	560	2,395	1,185
Before 1981	32,490	31,540	350	125	475	415
1981 to 1990	7,490	6,950	130	70	340	165
1991 to 2000	8,990	8,330	145	55	460	170
2001 to 2010	12,060	11,120	210	195	535	310
2001 to 2005	5,100	4,645	115	75	265	150
2006 to 2010	6,960	6,475	100	120	270	155
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	7,885	7,120	70	120	580	130
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	6,815	6,465	25	50	280	50
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	68,920	65,060	900	560	2,395	1,185
Under 5 years	7,840	7,640	85	50	70	110
5 to 14 years	12,090	11,770	150	105	60	200
15 to 24 years	15,520	15,055	180	95	190	230
25 to 44 years	27,870	26,400	425	255	790	555
45 years and over	5,605	4,200	70	55	1,285	95
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	68,925	65,065	905	560	2,395	1,185
Americas	10,570	10,330	80	125	45	140
Brazil	200	190	10	10	0	10
Colombia	310	290	0	15	0	10
El Salvador	175	165	0	0	10	0
Guyana	100	100	0	0	0	0
Haiti	70	40	25	0	0	25
Jamaica	300	295	0	0	0	0
Mexico	790	725	0	55	10	25
Peru	140	130	0	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	250	250	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	6,930	6,905	20	0	0	20
Other places of birth in Americas	1,305	1,235	25	30	20	40
Europe	31,665	30,560	635	270	200	770
Bosnia and Herzegovina	125	110	0	10	0	10
Croatia	375	375	0	0	0	0
France	570	110	455	0	0	460
Germany	3,160	3,095	20	35	10	35
Greece	230	215	0	10	10	0
Hungary	540	525	10	10	10	10
Ireland^Footnote 48	475	475	0	0	0	0
Italy	680	620	15	20	30	20
Netherlands	1,695	1,655	0	35	0	20
Poland	900	870	0	25	10	10
Portugal	700	665	0	20	10	15
Romania	315	270	0	30	15	20
Russian Federation	615	555	0	0	65	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	155	145	10	0	0	10
Ukraine	430	390	0	15	20	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	17,630	17,615	10	10	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	3,060	2,875	110	50	20	135
Africa	2,925	2,685	145	65	20	180
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	200	175	10	10	0	15
Ethiopia	175	165	0	0	10	0
Kenya	215	215	0	0	0	0
Morocco	115	45	35	35	0	55
Nigeria	130	130	0	0	0	0
Somalia	55	55	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,190	1,185	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	840	720	90	20	10	100
Asia	22,390	20,125	35	100	2,130	85
Afghanistan	70	70	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	70	70	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	5,590	4,320	0	40	1,225	25
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	1,250	1,190	0	0	60	0
India	3,715	3,335	0	10	375	10
Iran^Footnote 53	780	740	0	10	40	10
Iraq	100	90	0	0	10	0
Japan	905	885	0	10	15	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	1,165	1,060	0	20	80	15
Lebanon	140	105	0	15	15	15
Pakistan	400	375	0	0	25	0
Philippines	4,385	4,355	10	0	20	0
Sri Lanka	130	125	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	155	65	0	0	85	0
Taiwan	660	620	0	0	45	0
Viet Nam	940	830	0	0	100	10
Other places of birth in Asia	1,935	1,880	15	0	40	15
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	1,380	1,365	10	0	0	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	7,885	7,120	65	120	580	130
Americas	1,110	1,060	0	40	10	20
Brazil	50	45	0	0	0	0
Colombia	50	55	0	0	0	0
Cuba	15	15	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	195	165	0	35	0	20
United States^Footnote 58	640	640	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	150	140	0	0	10	0
Europe	1,235	1,100	50	30	55	65
France	45	0	40	0	0	40
Germany	110	105	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	45	45	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	0	0	10	0
Russian Federation	90	70	0	0	25	0
Ukraine	85	75	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	555	555	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	270	225	10	25	10	25
Africa	435	395	20	15	0	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	15	10	0	0	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	30	25	0	0	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	30	25	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	0	0	10	0	10
Nigeria	65	60	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	110	110	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	155	145	10	0	0	0
Asia	4,980	4,430	0	35	515	15
Afghanistan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	15	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	1,030	750	0	15	265	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	55	50	0	0	0	0
India	525	470	0	0	50	0
Iran^Footnote 65	160	160	0	0	10	0
Iraq	30	20	0	0	15	0
Israel	30	30	0	0	0	0
Japan	115	110	0	0	0	10
Korea, South^Footnote 66	435	385	0	15	35	0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0	10	0
Nepal	50	50	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Philippines	1,870	1,860	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	40	40	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	95	10	0	0	85	0
Taiwan	105	95	0	0	0	0
Turkey	20	15	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	25	20	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	65	55	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	230	215	0	0	15	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	125	125	0	0	0	0
Australia	80	80	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	45	45	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	372,875	362,660	6,260	935	3,020	6,730
First generation^Footnote 71	79,750	75,455	985	625	2,685	1,300
Second generation^Footnote 72	86,280	85,070	685	220	305	800
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	206,850	202,140	4,590	90	30	4,630
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	37,750	34,735	575	445	1,995	800
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	20,115	18,970	375	300	465	530
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	8,780	8,230	180	135	230	250
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	11,335	10,740	195	165	235	280
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	14,465	12,880	180	110	1,295	235
Refugees^Footnote 79	2,825	2,570	20	30	210	35
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	350	320	0	10	25	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	372,875	362,660	6,265	935	3,020	6,725
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	50,990	47,470	400	395	2,725	595
South Asian^Footnote 83	10,285	9,725	40	55	460	70
Chinese	16,460	14,715	45	75	1,625	80
Black	3,540	3,305	190	15	25	200
Filipino	6,150	6,095	0	20	30	10
Latin American	2,675	2,500	20	100	55	70
Arab	1,485	1,225	35	50	170	60
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	2,550	2,465	15	15	65	20
West Asian^Footnote 85	1,095	1,040	0	10	50	0
Korean	2,110	1,930	0	30	150	15
Japanese	2,635	2,520	45	10	55	50
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	495	495	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	1,515	1,465	0	15	30	15
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	321,885	315,190	5,860	535	300	6,130
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	372,875	362,660	6,265	935	3,020	6,725
North American Aboriginal origins	22,870	22,255	570	45	10	590
First Nations (North American Indian)	16,095	15,740	340	10	0	345
Inuit	275	275	0	0	0	0
Métis	7,490	7,210	235	35	10	255
Other North American origins	95,565	92,750	2,705	70	35	2,735
Acadian	550	460	85	0	0	85
American	9,000	8,940	60	0	0	55
Canadian	89,020	86,360	2,550	70	35	2,580
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	160	160	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	25	0	0	0	10
Québécois	285	225	60	0	0	60
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	35	35	0	0	0	0
European origins	293,500	287,840	4,800	560	300	5,080
British Isles origins	226,415	225,165	1,120	80	45	1,160
Channel Islander	100	90	10	0	0	10
Cornish	135	135	0	0	0	0
English	147,585	147,120	410	35	20	425
Irish	76,705	76,060	600	25	20	615
Manx	275	270	10	0	0	10
Scottish	102,985	102,565	360	40	20	380
Welsh	14,740	14,715	20	0	0	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	15,835	15,780	35	15	10	40
French origins	40,645	36,285	4,215	130	10	4,280
Alsatian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Breton	30	10	25	0	0	25
Corsican	15	10	0	0	0	0
French	40,600	36,245	4,210	130	10	4,275
Western European origins (except French origins)	74,870	74,045	595	200	25	700
Austrian	4,495	4,425	55	10	0	60
Bavarian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Belgian	2,210	2,065	140	10	0	140
Dutch	18,560	18,420	70	60	0	95
Flemish	245	235	10	0	0	10
Frisian	95	85	0	0	0	10
German	53,060	52,630	305	110	20	355
Luxembourger	70	70	0	0	0	0
Swiss	2,915	2,770	95	45	0	120
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	110	110	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	33,080	32,970	70	40	10	90
Danish	6,415	6,370	10	35	0	25
Finnish	2,860	2,855	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	2,760	2,745	15	0	0	10
Norwegian	12,715	12,690	15	0	0	15
Swedish	9,855	9,830	20	10	0	25
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,725	1,715	10	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	48,300	47,870	150	125	160	210
Bulgarian	290	275	0	0	15	0
Byelorussian	225	215	0	10	0	10
Czech	2,085	2,055	10	10	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	635	630	0	0	0	0
Estonian	435	435	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5,120	5,070	20	15	20	25
Latvian	545	545	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	870	865	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	75	75	0	0	0	0
Polish	14,175	14,045	55	40	30	75
Romanian	2,430	2,380	15	35	10	25
Russian	8,945	8,810	40	20	80	50
Slovak	785	780	0	0	0	10
Ukrainian	20,110	20,035	20	35	20	35
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	385	385	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	25,525	24,740	485	210	90	585
Albanian	200	200	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	90	80	0	0	10	10
Catalan	30	15	0	10	0	0
Croatian	1,785	1,760	10	10	0	20
Cypriot	35	35	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,065	2,035	15	10	10	20
Italian	12,045	11,645	310	50	40	335
Kosovar	10	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	105	100	0	0	0	0
Maltese	315	315	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	30	25	0	0	10	0
Portuguese	3,500	3,425	25	35	20	40
Serbian	635	610	10	10	0	15
Sicilian	70	55	0	10	0	10
Slovenian	455	450	0	0	0	0
Spanish	4,995	4,765	115	100	10	165
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	590	590	0	0	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	70	55	0	10	0	10
Other European origins	3,650	3,550	65	10	20	75
Basque	130	125	0	0	0	10
Jewish	1,820	1,755	35	10	20	35
Roma (Gypsy)	100	100	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	70	65	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	1,555	1,520	30	0	0	30
Caribbean origins	2,320	2,245	60	10	0	65
Antiguan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	165	165	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	75	70	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	145	140	0	10	0	0
Dominican	60	60	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	105	75	30	0	0	35
Jamaican	1,020	1,005	10	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	75	75	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	285	280	10	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	20	15	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	235	220	0	0	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	140	140	0	0	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	5,130	4,890	20	145	80	90
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	230	220	0	10	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	165	160	0	0	10	10
Belizean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	285	270	0	15	0	0
Chilean	425	400	0	10	15	10
Colombian	470	435	0	25	15	10
Costa Rican	105	100	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	125	115	0	0	10	0
Guatemalan	165	155	0	10	0	10
Guyanese	190	190	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	80	75	0	0	10	0
Honduran	55	60	0	0	0	0
Maya	85	85	0	0	0	0
Mexican	1,970	1,875	10	65	30	35
Nicaraguan	150	140	0	0	10	0
Panamanian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	200	185	0	15	0	10
Salvadorean	215	210	0	0	10	0
Uruguayan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	90	85	0	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	305	300	0	10	0	0
African origins	5,220	4,865	220	100	40	265
Central and West African origins	505	410	85	10	0	90
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	20	15	0	0	0	10
Congolese	65	25	35	0	0	35
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	25	10	15	0	0	20
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	215	205	10	0	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	25	10	15	0	0	15
Sierra Leonean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	10	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	70	50	15	10	0	20
North African origins	880	710	80	75	15	115
Algerian	25	10	10	0	0	15
Berber	20	15	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	395	360	15	15	10	20
Libyan	175	165	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	190	115	30	40	0	50
Sudanese	25	30	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	65	45	15	10	0	20
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	30	10	0	15	0	15
Southern and East African origins	2,275	2,235	20	10	20	20
Afrikaner	125	130	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burundian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	65	60	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	220	210	0	0	15	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	175	175	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	30	10	0	0	0
Oromo	15	20	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	70	65	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	130	130	0	0	0	0
South African	1,185	1,180	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Zambian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	60	65	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	155	140	10	10	0	10
Other African origins	1,630	1,570	40	10	10	45
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	230	230	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	1,430	1,375	40	10	0	45
Asian origins	47,520	44,390	215	260	2,650	345
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	4,740	4,415	55	40	235	75
Afghan	165	150	0	0	15	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	370	345	0	0	15	10
Armenian	310	275	25	0	10	30
Assyrian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	40	40	0	0	0	0
Georgian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,460	1,400	10	10	50	10
Iraqi	110	100	0	0	10	0
Israeli	145	150	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	115	105	0	0	10	0
Kazakh	30	30	0	0	0	0
Kurd	30	30	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	720	695	10	20	0	15
Palestinian	165	155	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	240	220	0	0	20	0
Syrian	405	310	0	0	90	10
Tajik	20	10	0	0	10	0
Tatar	45	50	0	0	0	0
Turk	420	415	0	10	0	10
Turkmen	25	0	0	0	20	0
Uighur	25	25	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	20	15	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	200	190	0	0	0	10
South Asian origins	10,850	10,290	50	60	440	80
Bangladeshi	70	65	0	0	10	0
Bengali	40	40	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	15	15	0	0	0	0
East Indian	9,230	8,745	45	35	405	60
Goan	75	75	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	65	60	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	110	100	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	465	455	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	760	715	0	25	20	10
Sinhalese	25	25	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	165	160	10	0	0	10
Tamil	70	70	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	200	190	0	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	32,265	30,020	110	165	1,970	195
Burmese	65	65	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	230	220	0	0	10	0
Chinese	17,980	16,200	45	75	1,665	75
Filipino	6,725	6,670	10	15	35	15
Hmong	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	430	420	0	0	0	0
Japanese	3,130	3,005	45	15	65	55
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	2,170	1,990	0	35	155	15
Laotian	90	85	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	295	290	0	0	0	10
Mongolian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	60	60	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	450	435	0	0	15	0
Thai	500	495	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,665	1,575	10	25	55	25
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	55	50	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	180	180	0	0	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	185	175	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	2,655	2,650	0	0	10	0
Australian	1,380	1,385	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	630	630	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	745	740	0	0	0	0
Fijian	125	120	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	335	340	0	0	0	0
Maori	160	155	0	0	0	0
Samoan	75	70	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	50	50	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	35	35	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	323,120	314,110	5,770	680	2,555	6,115
No certificate, diploma or degree	38,385	36,505	480	65	1,335	515
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	91,460	89,220	1,395	145	700	1,470
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	193,275	188,395	3,895	470	515	4,135
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,190	25,495	610	30	65	620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	10,580	10,240	290	20	35	300
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	15,610	15,250	320	15	25	325
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	62,695	61,260	1,240	85	110	1,285
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,355	9,070	195	20	70	200
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	95,040	92,575	1,855	335	275	2,020
Bachelor's degree	58,360	57,045	1,000	120	195	1,060
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,260	6,065	135	30	30	150
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,875	2,780	75	15	0	80
Master's degree	21,850	21,190	505	110	40	560
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	5,695	5,495	140	65	0	170
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	323,120	314,115	5,770	685	2,555	6,110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	129,845	125,720	1,875	210	2,040	1,980
Education	14,810	14,285	430	40	60	450
13. Education	14,805	14,285	425	40	55	445
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,770	8,565	160	15	30	170
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	945	925	25	0	0	25
50. Visual and performing arts	7,825	7,640	140	15	35	145
Humanities	12,775	12,295	390	50	35	420
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,670	1,555	75	15	25	80
23. English language and literature/letters	4,215	4,165	40	0	0	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,300	2,185	110	10	10	110
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	125	115	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	865	825	35	0	0	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	870	850	15	0	0	15
54. History	2,190	2,160	25	0	0	30
55. French language and literature/letters	540	435	80	25	0	90
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,290	26,710	445	70	65	480
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	600	575	20	10	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,170	2,100	55	10	0	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,395	3,310	65	0	20	60
22. Legal professions and studies	3,855	3,780	50	15	10	55
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	625	615	10	0	0	15
42. Psychology	5,285	5,210	65	10	0	70
45. Social sciences	11,370	11,115	175	40	35	195
Business, management and public administration	34,165	33,350	625	70	115	660
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	40	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,855	3,785	65	0	0	65
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30,260	29,525	555	65	115	590
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,365	9,055	250	40	25	270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,495	4,385	75	20	10	90
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,330	1,295	35	10	0	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	70	70	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	3,220	3,075	125	15	10	130
41. Science technologies/technicians	250	230	20	0	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,310	7,150	110	40	15	130
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,515	5,400	75	40	10	90
25. Library science	660	650	15	0	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,030	995	15	10	10	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	105	105	10	0	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	31,685	30,850	690	60	85	725
04. Architecture and related services	1,355	1,330	20	0	0	20
14. Engineering	6,165	5,960	135	30	50	150
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,660	6,490	150	0	10	155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	25	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,510	8,330	160	10	0	165
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,515	5,335	165	10	10	165
48. Precision production	3,460	3,375	70	0	10	70
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,330	4,220	85	10	20	85
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,170	2,120	30	0	25	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,160	2,100	55	0	0	60
Health and related fields	31,860	31,295	460	60	40	485
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,105	2,075	20	10	10	20
51. Health professions and related programs	28,835	28,335	420	55	30	440
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	915	885	15	0	0	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,875	10,590	250	15	25	260
12. Personal and culinary services	6,840	6,660	145	10	25	155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	155	145	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	265	235	30	0	0	30
43. Security and protective services	1,505	1,485	20	0	0	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,110	2,060	45	10	0	50
Other	40	40	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	40	10	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	323,120	314,115	5,775	680	2,550	6,115
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	129,845	125,725	1,875	205	2,035	1,980
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	193,275	188,395	3,895	475	515	4,130
Location of study inside Canada	161,965	158,275	3,450	215	25	3,560
Same as province or territory of residence	113,135	111,845	1,170	100	25	1,215
Different than province or territory of residence	48,825	46,430	2,285	110	0	2,340
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	31,310	30,120	445	260	490	575
United States^Footnote 130	8,225	8,115	95	10	0	105
Philippines	2,590	2,590	0	0	10	0
India	1,125	1,115	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	7,230	7,205	20	0	0	25
China^Footnote 132	1,620	1,340	0	10	270	0
France	305	95	200	10	0	205
Other	10,225	9,665	125	225	205	240
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	323,120	314,115	5,770	685	2,555	not applicable ...
In the labour force	205,935	201,210	3,635	410	675	not applicable ...
Employed	194,510	190,050	3,440	380	630	not applicable ...
Unemployed	11,425	11,160	195	25	45	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	117,185	112,905	2,135	270	1,875	not applicable ...
Participation rate	63.7	64.1	63.0	59.9	26.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	60.2	60.5	59.6	55.5	24.7	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.5	5.4	6.1	6.7	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	323,120	314,115	5,770	680	2,555	6,110
Did not work^Footnote 135	106,440	102,350	1,965	255	1,870	2,095
Worked	216,680	211,765	3,805	425	685	4,015
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	103,045	100,700	1,905	160	280	1,985
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	113,640	111,065	1,895	270	405	2,030
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.4	42.6	38.7	41.1	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	223,215	218,130	3,900	450	740	4,125
a.Management	24,170	23,655	390	50	85	410
00 Senior management occupations	2,825	2,785	40	0	0	35
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	8,950	8,760	175	10	0	180
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	8,295	8,125	75	30	60	90
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	4,105	3,990	95	10	15	100
b.Professional	47,270	46,140	950	135	40	1,015
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	7,895	7,750	125	20	0	135
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	9,775	9,560	175	25	10	195
30 Professional occupations in nursing	4,245	4,210	30	0	0	35
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	3,875	3,750	115	10	0	115
40 Professional occupations in education services	9,010	8,675	270	50	10	300
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	8,485	8,325	125	30	10	145
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	3,980	3,865	95	10	15	100
c.Technical and paraprofessional	26,315	25,580	670	55	15	695
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	7,410	7,225	165	15	10	170
32 Technical occupations in health	4,495	4,445	35	15	0	45
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	5,100	5,000	80	10	10	90
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	3,695	3,410	280	0	0	280
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,615	5,495	110	10	0	115
d.Administration and administrative support	27,805	27,335	425	25	10	445
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	11,710	11,505	195	10	0	200
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,550	2,515	35	0	10	35
14 Office support occupations	10,315	10,145	155	15	0	160
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	3,230	3,180	45	0	0	45
e.Sales	20,915	20,630	200	40	45	220
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	4,305	4,255	35	0	0	40
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	10,175	10,045	105	15	0	110
66 Sales support occupations	6,435	6,325	55	20	30	65
f.Personal and customer information services	44,345	43,150	685	85	425	730
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,515	4,445	40	15	10	50
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	5,290	5,160	95	10	30	95
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	8,735	8,350	170	10	215	175
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	11,615	11,360	200	20	40	210
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	14,185	13,840	175	35	135	190
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	15,070	14,775	285	10	10	290
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	11,690	11,500	185	10	0	190
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	3,380	3,275	95	0	0	95
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	9,850	9,615	180	35	25	195
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,100	2,050	50	10	10	50
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	5,500	5,370	100	25	10	110
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,245	2,195	30	10	15	35
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,505	4,375	70	0	60	70
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	800	785	10	10	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	985	920	15	0	55	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,725	2,675	45	0	10	50
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,960	2,875	45	10	30	50
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	445	440	0	0	0	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	850	825	10	0	10	15
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	790	760	20	10	0	25
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	875	845	10	10	20	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	223,215	218,125	3,895	450	735	4,120
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,730	2,605	55	0	65	55
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	1,785	1,695	30	0	60	30
113 Forestry and logging	300	285	10	0	0	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	320	315	10	0	10	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	320	315	10	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	780	775	0	0	0	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	285	285	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	105	110	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	385	385	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	560	555	0	0	0	0
221 Utilities	555	560	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	15,335	15,035	255	25	20	270
236 Construction of buildings	5,035	4,935	80	10	15	85
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,055	1,045	10	0	0	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	9,250	9,055	165	20	10	175
31-33 Manufacturing	7,655	7,470	135	25	40	145
311 Food manufacturing	1,170	1,120	25	0	25	20
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	400	390	10	0	0	10
313 Textile mills	10	15	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	50	45	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	120	110	10	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	15	15	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	370	370	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	105	105	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	415	410	0	0	0	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	40	30	10	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	200	190	0	10	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	170	170	10	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	275	265	10	10	0	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	20	20	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	530	515	10	0	0	15
333 Machinery manufacturing	540	525	10	0	10	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	645	625	15	0	0	15
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	65	65	0	10	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,380	1,350	25	10	0	25
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	525	525	0	0	0	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	620	605	0	0	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	4,075	4,010	30	10	15	40
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	55	60	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	40	35	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,040	1,025	0	0	10	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	475	465	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	160	160	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	785	765	10	0	10	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	930	910	20	0	0	20
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	435	435	0	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	165	160	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	25,900	25,480	270	35	110	290
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,080	2,050	30	0	0	30
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	815	805	10	0	0	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	710	690	20	0	0	20
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,660	1,635	25	0	0	25
445 Food and beverage stores	7,965	7,840	35	10	80	40
446 Health and personal care stores	2,580	2,510	65	10	0	65
447 Gasoline stations	595	580	10	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	2,645	2,630	10	0	0	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,525	1,495	20	0	10	25
452 General merchandise stores	2,455	2,415	30	0	0	35
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,040	2,020	15	0	10	15
454 Non-store retailers	820	810	0	10	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	8,360	8,190	145	15	10	150
481 Air transportation	715	700	15	0	0	15
482 Rail transportation	15	20	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	1,555	1,540	15	0	0	20
484 Truck transportation	940	930	10	0	0	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,055	2,005	25	15	0	30
486 Pipeline transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	270	270	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,110	1,090	15	0	0	20
491 Postal service	845	815	25	0	0	25
492 Couriers and messengers	600	575	25	0	0	25
493 Warehousing and storage	240	240	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	4,685	4,605	60	15	10	65
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,160	1,140	10	10	10	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	730	720	15	0	0	15
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	285	270	10	0	10	10
517 Telecommunications	1,560	1,545	20	0	0	20
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	135	135	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	815	800	10	10	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	6,710	6,595	105	10	10	110
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,815	2,775	40	0	0	40
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,585	1,555	30	0	0	30
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,190	2,150	40	0	0	35
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	120	115	0	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,830	4,725	105	0	0	100
531 Real estate	4,375	4,280	90	0	0	95
532 Rental and leasing services	435	425	10	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	15	15	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	19,070	18,700	315	45	15	335
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	19,070	18,700	310	45	10	335
55 Management of companies and enterprises	245	245	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	245	245	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,260	10,030	180	15	35	190
561 Administrative and support services	9,735	9,505	180	15	35	185
562 Waste management and remediation services	525	525	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	18,550	18,015	440	75	10	475
611 Educational services	18,545	18,015	445	75	10	480
62 Health care and social assistance	29,615	29,110	395	50	60	420
621 Ambulatory health care services	12,575	12,390	150	25	0	160
622 Hospitals	6,665	6,585	65	10	10	70
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	5,015	4,920	70	10	15	70
624 Social assistance	5,360	5,215	110	0	35	110
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,615	6,480	115	10	10	125
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	2,625	2,540	65	10	0	70
712 Heritage institutions	935	910	25	0	0	30
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,055	3,025	20	0	10	25
72 Accommodation and food services	20,640	19,980	295	70	295	330
721 Accommodation services	4,415	4,275	90	25	25	105
722 Food services and drinking places	16,220	15,705	205	40	265	230
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,685	9,515	110	15	40	120
811 Repair and maintenance	2,170	2,135	30	0	0	25
812 Personal and laundry services	3,395	3,330	35	0	30	30
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	2,905	2,855	40	15	0	50
814 Private households	1,205	1,195	10	0	0	10
91 Public administration	26,925	26,000	885	35	0	900
911 Federal government public administration	11,065	10,330	725	10	0	725
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	11,840	11,705	115	25	0	125
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	3,850	3,800	45	10	0	50
914 Aboriginal public administration	150	145	0	0	0	10
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	25	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	194,510	190,050	3,440	385	630	3,635
Worked at home	17,495	17,090	340	15	50	345
Worked outside Canada	820	780	15	0	30	10
No fixed workplace address	24,030	23,455	485	40	45	510
Worked at usual place	152,155	148,720	2,605	325	505	2,765
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	223,215	218,130	3,900	450	740	4,125
English	220,080	215,945	3,405	415	310	3,615
French	665	310	340	15	0	350
Non-official language	1,210	830	10	0	365	10
Aboriginal	20	15	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,185	810	0	10	370	0
English and French	430	285	135	10	0	140
English and non-official language	805	735	10	10	60	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	223,215	218,125	3,900	450	740	4,125
None	215,565	212,155	2,475	370	560	2,665
English	1,060	750	240	20	55	250
French	3,090	1,950	1,120	20	0	1,130
Non-official language	3,305	3,135	20	30	125	35
Aboriginal	80	80	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,225	3,055	20	30	125	35
English and French	10	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	180	130	35	15	0	40
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	152,160	148,725	2,600	325	505	2,770
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	56,880	55,615	895	150	225	965
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	91,180	89,100	1,630	165	280	1,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,050	3,010	35	10	0	40
Commute to a different province or territory	1,050	995	50	10	0	55
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	176,190	172,180	3,090	365	550	3,275
Car, truck, van - as a driver	114,990	112,545	1,985	165	300	2,065
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	8,520	8,285	150	25	65	165
Public transit	18,815	18,390	235	70	120	275
Walked	18,120	17,675	330	55	60	355
Bicycle	11,400	11,085	260	45	10	280
Other method	4,345	4,195	135	15	10	140
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	176,190	172,180	3,090	365	550	3,280
Less than 15 minutes	53,610	52,400	970	90	155	1,015
15 to 29 minutes	72,040	70,435	1,195	170	245	1,275
30 to 44 minutes	31,910	31,185	540	80	105	585
45 to 59 minutes	10,720	10,405	270	25	25	280
60 minutes and over	7,905	7,760	120	10	20	125
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	176,190	172,180	3,095	370	550	3,275
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,540	7,400	115	10	20	120
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	28,130	27,445	585	30	70	600
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	47,985	46,685	1,065	125	105	1,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	43,760	42,895	670	90	105	715
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	24,025	23,435	380	50	160	405
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	24,745	24,320	275	60	90	305
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	369,780	359,755	6,225	920	2,885	6,680
Non-movers	309,555	301,570	4,965	730	2,295	5,330
Movers	60,225	58,180	1,255	190	590	1,350
Non-migrants	35,595	34,715	635	90	155	680
Migrants	24,625	23,465	620	100	435	670
Internal migrants	20,580	19,820	570	80	110	605
Intraprovincial migrants	13,280	12,980	210	30	60	225
Interprovincial migrants	7,300	6,840	355	50	50	380
External migrants	4,050	3,645	55	20	330	60
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	356,820	347,240	6,070	885	2,625	6,510
Non-movers	201,465	196,745	2,865	435	1,415	3,080
Movers	155,355	150,495	3,200	450	1,210	3,425
Non-migrants	85,610	83,715	1,390	140	365	1,460
Migrants	69,745	66,780	1,815	305	845	1,970
Internal migrants	55,945	53,960	1,680	165	140	1,765
Intraprovincial migrants	35,445	34,725	615	50	55	640
Interprovincial migrants	20,500	19,235	1,065	115	85	1,120
External migrants	13,800	12,820	130	140	705	200

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Capital

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.