Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Nanaimo

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	151,630	149,000	1,885	150	595	1,960
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	151,630	149,000	1,885	155	595	1,960
0 to 14 years	19,945	19,760	50	35	95	70
0 to 4 years	6,275	6,215	10	0	65	0
5 to 9 years	6,935	6,885	25	15	10	35
10 to 14 years	6,730	6,670	20	20	25	30
15 to 64 years	92,485	91,090	1,025	85	285	1,070
15 to 19 years	7,270	7,210	30	15	15	40
20 to 24 years	7,780	7,725	35	0	15	35
25 to 29 years	7,525	7,465	55	0	0	55
30 to 34 years	7,960	7,855	80	10	15	85
35 to 39 years	7,595	7,500	60	10	25	65
40 to 44 years	7,970	7,830	105	0	35	110
45 to 49 years	9,040	8,850	115	15	60	120
50 to 54 years	10,795	10,550	190	15	40	195
55 to 59 years	12,725	12,500	170	0	45	175
60 to 64 years	13,830	13,605	190	0	30	195
65 years and over	39,195	38,145	810	35	210	825
65 to 69 years	13,965	13,640	245	10	70	250
70 to 74 years	9,940	9,670	230	0	35	230
75 to 79 years	7,105	6,890	165	10	45	170
80 to 84 years	4,590	4,455	95	15	30	100
85 years and over	3,600	3,490	70	0	30	70
85 to 89 years	2,545	2,455	65	0	25	60
90 to 94 years	855	840	10	0	0	10
95 to 99 years	180	185	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	15	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	46.5	46.3	58.3	40.1	50.2	not applicable ...
Median age	50.4	50.2	61.1	39.7	54.5	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	131,685	129,235	1,830	120	500	1,890
Married or living common law	80,665	78,920	1,300	80	365	1,335
Married	65,615	64,195	1,000	60	355	1,035
Living common law	15,055	14,730	300	20	10	305
Not married and not living common law	51,015	50,320	535	35	135	555
Never married	28,810	28,535	195	30	50	210
Separated	3,850	3,800	40	0	0	40
Divorced	10,650	10,460	165	0	25	165
Widowed	7,710	7,525	125	0	55	130
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	131,685	129,240	1,835	120	500	1,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	127,950	125,560	1,810	120	460	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,934	42,084	38,323	30,450	18,135	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,058	32,190	32,303	18,124	14,631	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,055	125,655	1,815	120	460	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,659	35,770	33,329	27,013	16,749	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,996	29,094	29,023	17,594	14,631	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	115,425	113,405	1,595	120	305	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,961	39,105	33,914	26,342	16,624	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,907	28,089	25,576	12,084	10,327	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	97,085	95,165	1,465	75	380	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,945	8,924	10,511	6,285	8,598	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,589	8,551	11,640	6,827	9,612	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,705	85,360	1,090	70	180	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,011	36,096	32,410	30,595	19,731	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,706	25,799	21,057	14,431	13,756	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	83.8	83.9	77.8	86.5	61.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	58.2	58.3	50.9	62.8	42.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	16.2	16.1	22.2	13.8	39.2	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	131,685	129,235	1,830	115	500	1,890
Without total income	3,740	3,680	20	0	40	20
With total income	127,945	125,560	1,810	120	465	1,870
Percentage with total income	97.2	97.2	98.9	100.0	93.0	98.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,725	16,385	180	too unreliable to be published F	125	195
$10,000 to $19,999	23,850	23,255	350	too unreliable to be published F	200	375
$20,000 to $29,999	19,840	19,440	315	too unreliable to be published F	80	320
$30,000 to $39,999	16,565	16,215	335	too unreliable to be published F	10	340
$40,000 to $49,999	13,430	13,235	175	too unreliable to be published F	15	180
$50,000 to $59,999	9,925	9,785	135	too unreliable to be published F	10	135
$60,000 to $69,999	7,540	7,415	105	too unreliable to be published F	20	110
$70,000 to $79,999	5,580	5,530	35	too unreliable to be published F	10	40
$80,000 to $89,999	4,060	4,005	55	too unreliable to be published F	0	60
$90,000 to $99,999	2,970	2,935	25	too unreliable to be published F	0	25
$100,000 and over	7,465	7,365	90	too unreliable to be published F	0	95
$100,000 to $149,999	5,400	5,320	75	too unreliable to be published F	0	80
$150,000 and over	2,065	2,050	15	too unreliable to be published F	0	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	131,685	129,235	1,835	115	495	1,890
Without after-tax income	3,635	3,580	15	0	35	20
With after-tax income	128,055	125,660	1,815	120	460	1,875
Percentage with after-tax income	97.2	97.2	98.9	100.0	92.9	99.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	17,755	17,385	215	too unreliable to be published F	130	230
$10,000 to $19,999	25,015	24,425	335	too unreliable to be published F	215	355
$20,000 to $29,999	23,260	22,800	385	too unreliable to be published F	60	390
$30,000 to $39,999	19,020	18,660	330	too unreliable to be published F	20	335
$40,000 to $49,999	13,945	13,695	240	too unreliable to be published F	0	240
$50,000 to $59,999	9,785	9,660	95	too unreliable to be published F	25	100
$60,000 to $69,999	6,760	6,705	45	too unreliable to be published F	10	45
$70,000 to $79,999	4,545	4,465	70	too unreliable to be published F	0	80
$80,000 and over	7,965	7,860	100	too unreliable to be published F	0	105
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	2,820	35	too unreliable to be published F	0	40
$90,000 to $99,999	1,550	1,520	30	too unreliable to be published F	0	30
$100,000 and over	3,560	3,530	35	too unreliable to be published F	0	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	131,685	129,240	1,835	115	500	1,890
Without employment income	44,980	43,875	740	45	320	760
With employment income	86,705	85,360	1,090	75	180	1,130
Percentage with employment income	65.8	66.0	59.4	65.2	36.0	59.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	18,200	17,845	300	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	310
$5,000 to $9,999	7,030	6,930	85	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90
$10,000 to $19,999	12,190	11,975	145	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	155
$20,000 to $29,999	9,925	9,785	105	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	105
$30,000 to $39,999	8,735	8,585	130	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	135
$40,000 to $49,999	7,425	7,350	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	65
$50,000 to $59,999	5,535	5,470	65	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	65
$60,000 to $69,999	4,455	4,390	50	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	50
$70,000 to $79,999	3,655	3,625	30	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	25
$80,000 and over	9,545	9,415	125	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	130
$80,000 to $89,999	2,790	2,750	35	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	40
$90,000 to $99,999	1,920	1,905	15	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	15
$100,000 and over	4,835	4,760	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	70
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	131,685	129,240	1,835	120	500	1,895
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	32,065	31,665	345	30	25	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	48,369	48,422	43,967	47,423	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	55,680	55,727	53,447	53,109	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	151,630	149,000	1,880	150	590	1,960
English only	141,075	141,070	0	0	0	0
French only	10	0	15	0	0	0
English and French	9,945	7,920	1,870	150	0	1,950
Neither English nor French	600	10	0	0	595	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	151,625	148,995	1,885	150	595	1,960
English	144,590	143,035	1,555	0	0	1,555
French	275	25	245	0	0	240
Non-official language	4,395	3,675	15	115	595	70
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,380	3,665	10	115	595	70
English and French	120	40	55	25	0	75
English and non-official language	2,230	2,220	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	15	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	151,625	149,000	1,885	150	595	1,960
None	143,315	141,480	1,215	70	550	1,250
English	2,040	1,815	145	55	30	170
French	1,570	1,070	500	0	0	495
Non-official language	4,600	4,550	30	0	15	25
Aboriginal	95	90	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,505	4,460	30	0	20	25
English and French	10	0	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	35	25	0	10	0	0
French and non-official language	60	55	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	151,630	148,995	1,880	150	595	1,960
English	134,295	134,295	0	0	0	0
French	2,050	220	1,830	0	0	1,830
Non-official language	13,725	12,995	10	120	590	70
Aboriginal	140	140	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	13,575	12,855	15	120	595	70
English and French	385	350	10	25	0	25
English and non-official language	1,115	1,120	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	0	30	0	0	30
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	151,625	148,995	1,880	150	595	1,960
Official languages	151,025	148,990	1,885	150	0	1,955
English	151,015	148,990	1,875	150	0	1,950
French	9,955	7,920	1,885	150	0	1,960
Non-official languages	18,905	18,015	165	130	595	235
Aboriginal languages	325	320	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	18,590	17,700	165	130	590	235
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	151,630	149,000	1,885	150	595	1,955
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	10,640	10,500	120	0	15	125
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	10,335	10,200	120	0	15	120
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	6,230	6,210	10	0	10	10
Métis	4,045	3,925	115	0	0	115
Inuk (Inuit)	65	65	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	185	185	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	115	115	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	140,995	138,500	1,760	150	575	1,835
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	151,630	148,995	1,885	155	595	1,960
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	4,780	4,770	10	0	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	146,850	144,230	1,880	150	585	1,955
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	151,625	149,000	1,880	150	595	1,960
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	3,175	3,145	15	0	10	20
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	3,135	3,105	15	0	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	2,630	2,620	0	0	10	0
Métis single ancestry	490	470	20	0	0	20
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	40	40	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	35	35	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	9,115	8,955	145	10	0	155
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	8,710	8,565	130	10	0	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,310	5,250	50	10	0	55
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,300	3,220	80	0	0	80
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	95	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	410	385	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	395	375	20	0	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	139,335	136,900	1,715	145	580	1,790
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	151,625	149,000	1,885	150	595	1,960
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	145,125	142,880	1,835	115	290	1,895
Canadian citizens only	140,205	138,105	1,750	85	265	1,795
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	4,915	4,775	85	30	25	100
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	6,505	6,115	45	40	300	65
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	151,630	149,000	1,885	150	595	1,960
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	126,325	124,560	1,630	55	70	1,665
Immigrants^Footnote 42	23,680	22,910	245	95	430	290
Before 1981	14,170	13,925	155	25	65	165
1981 to 1990	2,265	2,175	35	0	50	35
1991 to 2000	2,195	2,100	10	10	80	10
2001 to 2010	3,345	3,180	40	35	90	55
2001 to 2005	1,490	1,410	0	10	65	10
2006 to 2010	1,855	1,770	35	30	25	50
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	1,705	1,525	15	15	150	20
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	1,625	1,525	10	0	95	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	23,685	22,910	245	95	430	290
Under 5 years	2,800	2,760	25	0	10	25
5 to 14 years	4,215	4,130	45	15	25	55
15 to 24 years	5,685	5,575	65	20	20	75
25 to 44 years	9,305	9,010	90	40	170	110
45 years and over	1,680	1,440	20	15	200	30
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	23,680	22,915	245	95	430	290
Americas	2,820	2,800	10	10	10	10
Brazil	65	55	0	0	0	0
Colombia	55	50	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	20	0	0	0	0
Guyana	25	25	0	0	0	0
Haiti	20	25	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	45	45	0	0	0	0
Mexico	145	145	0	0	0	0
Peru	65	60	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	50	50	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	2,065	2,065	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	270	270	0	0	0	0
Europe	14,490	14,195	180	70	45	215
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	45	0	0	0	0
Croatia	235	230	0	0	0	0
France	180	65	115	0	0	115
Germany	1,695	1,665	10	15	10	15
Greece	70	70	0	0	0	0
Hungary	205	200	10	0	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 48	240	240	0	0	0	0
Italy	240	225	10	0	0	10
Netherlands	1,090	1,080	0	10	0	0
Poland	240	240	0	0	0	0
Portugal	120	105	0	0	10	10
Romania	110	95	0	15	0	0
Russian Federation	125	120	0	10	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	50	50	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	95	95	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	8,225	8,220	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,535	1,450	40	25	20	50
Africa	925	890	35	0	0	40
Algeria	0	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	30	30	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	25	25	0	0	0	0
Kenya	25	25	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	45	45	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	540	545	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	240	215	25	0	10	25
Asia	4,965	4,545	15	25	375	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	25	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	935	755	0	10	165	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	170	150	0	10	10	10
India	965	925	0	0	40	0
Iran^Footnote 53	210	195	0	0	15	0
Iraq	10	10	10	0	0	0
Japan	205	205	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	325	300	0	0	25	0
Lebanon	20	0	15	0	0	15
Pakistan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Philippines	940	935	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	20	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	55	25	0	0	35	0
Taiwan	85	80	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	405	350	0	10	45	0
Other places of birth in Asia	550	520	0	0	30	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	480	485	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	1,705	1,520	10	20	150	25
Americas	215	210	0	0	0	0
Brazil	20	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	25	20	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	160	160	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	365	345	10	10	0	15
France	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	75	70	0	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	20	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	190	190	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10	10	0	10
Africa	70	70	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	30	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	0	0	0	0
Asia	1,025	870	0	10	145	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	275	195	0	0	80	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	15	10	0	0	0	10
India	110	105	0	0	10	0
Iran^Footnote 65	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	80	75	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nepal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	345	350	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	60	25	0	0	35	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	20	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	35	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	25	25	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	151,630	148,995	1,880	150	595	1,960
First generation^Footnote 71	26,395	25,515	260	95	525	310
Second generation^Footnote 72	31,060	30,795	200	25	50	215
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	94,170	92,690	1,420	35	25	1,440
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	9,935	9,390	100	70	380	130
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	5,065	4,890	25	40	105	45
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	2,190	2,105	20	15	50	30
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	2,870	2,785	0	25	55	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	3,895	3,645	55	30	175	65
Refugees^Footnote 79	865	750	20	0	95	20
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	110	105	0	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	151,630	149,000	1,885	150	595	1,955
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	10,855	10,280	50	25	505	65
South Asian^Footnote 83	2,250	2,205	0	0	45	10
Chinese	2,695	2,430	0	15	250	10
Black	950	905	40	0	0	40
Filipino	1,290	1,285	0	0	0	0
Latin American	565	565	0	0	0	0
Arab	270	215	0	0	50	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	985	905	0	10	70	10
West Asian^Footnote 85	200	180	0	0	15	0
Korean	470	440	0	0	25	0
Japanese	725	710	0	0	20	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	110	110	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	345	325	0	0	15	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	140,775	138,725	1,835	125	90	1,900
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	151,625	148,995	1,885	150	595	1,955
North American Aboriginal origins	12,290	12,095	165	10	15	170
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,390	8,300	70	10	15	70
Inuit	120	125	0	0	0	0
Métis	4,220	4,100	115	0	10	115
Other North American origins	40,130	39,320	760	35	10	775
Acadian	225	170	45	0	0	50
American	3,130	3,120	10	0	0	10
Canadian	37,825	37,080	700	30	10	715
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	105	105	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	45	30	15	0	0	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	124,015	122,350	1,490	100	75	1,540
British Isles origins	93,020	92,730	270	15	10	275
Channel Islander	15	20	0	0	0	0
Cornish	30	30	0	0	0	0
English	60,815	60,685	105	15	10	110
Irish	29,780	29,665	115	0	0	120
Manx	95	95	0	0	0	0
Scottish	40,020	39,955	70	0	0	70
Welsh	6,050	6,030	20	0	0	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	5,805	5,785	20	0	0	20
French origins	16,620	15,295	1,300	30	0	1,310
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	10	0	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	16,610	15,290	1,290	25	10	1,305
Western European origins (except French origins)	33,090	32,835	195	50	10	220
Austrian	1,665	1,660	0	0	0	10
Bavarian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	980	910	55	15	0	65
Dutch	8,785	8,750	25	10	0	30
Flemish	110	115	0	0	0	0
Frisian	25	20	0	0	0	0
German	23,480	23,375	80	15	0	90
Luxembourger	20	15	10	0	0	10
Swiss	985	950	30	10	0	30
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	16,855	16,800	30	20	0	35
Danish	3,155	3,150	10	0	0	10
Finnish	1,585	1,585	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	1,195	1,185	0	10	0	0
Norwegian	7,055	7,035	10	0	10	10
Swedish	4,960	4,955	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	735	720	10	0	0	15
Eastern European origins	20,170	20,065	55	20	30	70
Bulgarian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Czech	825	810	0	0	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	410	410	0	0	0	0
Estonian	235	235	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,255	2,240	20	0	0	20
Latvian	225	225	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	220	220	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5,610	5,580	30	0	0	30
Romanian	885	870	0	15	0	10
Russian	3,675	3,660	0	0	15	0
Slovak	360	360	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	8,690	8,675	15	10	0	15
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	80	80	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	9,595	9,430	110	30	25	130
Albanian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	785	775	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	630	615	10	0	10	10
Italian	5,355	5,275	75	0	0	75
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	45	35	0	0	0	0
Maltese	80	80	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	15	20	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	855	840	10	0	10	10
Serbian	205	210	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	170	170	0	0	0	0
Spanish	1,515	1,470	30	20	0	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	410	410	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	865	850	15	0	0	15
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	325	325	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	40	45	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	35	40	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	455	440	15	0	0	20
Caribbean origins	465	460	0	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	25	30	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	180	180	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	10	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	40	40	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	20	20	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	20	20	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	30	30	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,180	1,160	0	10	10	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	40	40	0	0	0	0
Arawak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	120	105	0	10	10	0
Chilean	140	140	0	0	0	0
Colombian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	35	35	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	30	35	0	0	0	0
Honduran	45	45	0	0	0	0
Maya	25	25	0	0	0	0
Mexican	430	425	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	40	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	35	30	0	0	0	0
African origins	1,545	1,505	40	0	0	40
Central and West African origins	180	185	0	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	10	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	110	110	0	0	0	0
Algerian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	15	20	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	700	675	25	0	0	25
Afrikaner	30	30	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	15	0	15	0	0	10
Seychellois	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
South African	480	470	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	25	25	0	0	0	0
Zulu	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	30	30	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	560	545	15	0	0	15
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	65	60	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	510	490	20	0	0	15
Asian origins	10,405	9,865	20	25	490	35
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,070	985	20	0	70	20
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	160	140	0	0	15	10
Armenian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	350	330	0	0	15	0
Iraqi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Israeli	40	40	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	20	20	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	175	160	15	0	0	15
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Syrian	135	100	0	0	40	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turk	60	65	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	10	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	30	30	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,365	2,330	0	0	40	0
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	2,055	2,015	0	0	40	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	25	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	200	195	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	35	40	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	25	25	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	7,010	6,600	10	25	380	15
Burmese	20	25	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	145	130	0	0	15	0
Chinese	3,260	2,975	0	20	265	10
Filipino	1,495	1,495	0	0	0	0
Hmong	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	195	195	0	0	0	0
Japanese	850	830	0	0	20	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	475	450	0	0	25	0
Laotian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	15	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	75	75	0	0	0	0
Thai	120	115	0	0	10	0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	655	565	0	10	75	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	20	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	20	20	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	1,020	1,010	0	0	0	10
Australian	525	520	0	0	0	10
New Zealander	215	210	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	280	280	0	0	0	0
Fijian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	160	160	0	0	0	0
Maori	25	20	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	20	20	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	30	35	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	131,685	129,235	1,835	120	495	1,895
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,315	18,735	305	15	260	310
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	39,470	38,930	415	15	100	425
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	72,900	71,565	1,110	90	135	1,155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,880	14,640	215	15	0	225
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	5,910	5,810	75	15	0	85
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	8,965	8,825	140	0	0	140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,010	26,480	480	15	35	490
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,755	5,645	65	10	40	65
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	25,255	24,795	355	50	60	375
Bachelor's degree	15,910	15,635	200	20	50	215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,965	1,920	30	0	0	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	845	835	10	0	0	10
Master's degree	5,400	5,285	90	15	10	95
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	1,140	1,120	15	10	0	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	131,685	129,240	1,835	120	500	1,890
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	58,780	57,675	720	30	360	735
Education	6,100	5,975	95	15	15	105
13. Education	6,100	5,975	100	10	20	105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,565	2,475	70	10	10	80
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	395	390	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	2,160	2,085	65	10	10	70
Humanities	2,920	2,860	40	15	0	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	235	225	0	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	1,015	1,000	20	0	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	660	655	0	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	20	20	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	155	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	315	320	0	0	0	0
54. History	450	435	15	10	0	15
55. French language and literature/letters	70	60	10	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,925	6,825	85	0	10	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	135	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	465	450	10	0	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,550	1,525	20	0	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	1,160	1,150	15	0	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	80	80	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,235	1,210	20	0	0	25
45. Social sciences	2,300	2,280	20	0	10	20
Business, management and public administration	13,345	13,070	215	25	35	225
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	30	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	960	950	10	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,355	12,090	205	25	40	215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,520	2,485	25	0	0	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,255	1,245	10	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	375	0	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	20	20	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	715	710	0	0	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	150	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,750	1,705	40	0	10	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,290	1,245	40	0	0	40
25. Library science	205	210	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	225	0	0	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	25	20	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	15,720	15,470	205	0	45	215
04. Architecture and related services	335	320	10	0	10	10
14. Engineering	2,055	1,995	30	0	20	35
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,765	2,725	35	0	0	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	4,680	4,605	65	0	10	65
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,090	4,045	35	0	0	35
48. Precision production	1,800	1,770	35	0	0	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,505	2,435	65	0	0	65
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,175	1,150	30	0	0	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,325	1,290	40	0	0	35
Health and related fields	13,090	12,910	160	10	10	160
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	770	745	20	0	0	20
51. Health professions and related programs	12,065	11,915	135	10	10	135
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	255	250	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,445	5,335	105	10	0	110
12. Personal and culinary services	3,450	3,400	45	10	0	45
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	30	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	530	500	25	0	0	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,430	1,390	35	0	0	40
Other	15	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	131,685	129,235	1,835	120	495	1,890
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,780	57,675	720	30	360	735
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	72,900	71,570	1,110	90	135	1,155
Location of study inside Canada	62,850	61,795	1,025	25	10	1,035
Same as province or territory of residence	43,705	43,340	355	0	10	355
Different than province or territory of residence	19,145	18,455	670	20	0	680
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	10,050	9,770	85	65	135	120
United States^Footnote 130	2,360	2,340	10	10	10	15
Philippines	490	485	0	0	0	0
India	330	330	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	3,065	3,045	15	0	0	15
China^Footnote 132	400	305	0	0	95	0
France	40	15	30	0	0	25
Other	3,370	3,250	30	60	35	55
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	131,685	129,235	1,835	120	500	not applicable ...
In the labour force	72,745	71,670	890	70	120	not applicable ...
Employed	67,130	66,180	790	65	95	not applicable ...
Unemployed	5,620	5,490	95	10	25	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	58,940	57,570	940	45	380	not applicable ...
Participation rate	55.2	55.5	48.5	58.3	24.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	51.0	51.2	43.1	54.2	19.0	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.7	10.7	14.3	20.8	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	131,685	129,240	1,830	115	500	1,890
Did not work^Footnote 135	54,255	52,975	875	35	370	895
Worked	77,430	76,265	955	80	125	995
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	33,335	32,910	360	35	30	385
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	44,095	43,355	590	50	95	620
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.3	37.7	34.1	33.6	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	79,910	78,715	975	85	140	1,010
a.Management	7,880	7,750	100	0	25	100
00 Senior management occupations	610	595	10	0	0	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	2,045	2,015	25	10	0	30
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	3,195	3,130	50	0	15	50
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,030	2,010	15	0	0	15
b.Professional	11,885	11,705	170	10	0	180
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,830	1,815	15	0	0	15
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,815	1,805	15	0	0	15
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,640	1,620	20	0	0	20
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,230	1,220	15	0	0	15
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,445	2,360	80	10	0	85
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,900	1,895	10	0	0	10
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,020	1,000	15	0	0	15
c.Technical and paraprofessional	8,530	8,375	135	15	0	150
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,780	2,720	55	0	0	60
32 Technical occupations in health	1,765	1,740	20	10	0	25
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,840	1,825	10	0	0	10
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	490	480	10	10	0	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,655	1,615	35	10	0	35
d.Administration and administrative support	8,925	8,810	100	10	0	105
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	3,500	3,450	45	0	0	45
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,090	1,070	10	0	0	15
14 Office support occupations	3,265	3,220	35	0	0	40
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,065	1,065	10	0	0	0
e.Sales	9,070	8,965	90	10	10	90
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,915	1,890	25	0	0	25
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	4,405	4,350	35	10	10	40
66 Sales support occupations	2,745	2,715	25	10	0	30
f.Personal and customer information services	16,255	15,990	185	25	50	200
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,820	1,805	10	0	0	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,710	1,700	10	0	0	15
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	3,065	3,005	30	0	25	35
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,405	4,330	55	15	0	65
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	5,240	5,145	70	0	25	70
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	7,370	7,275	80	0	10	75
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	5,275	5,220	60	0	0	60
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,090	2,055	20	0	15	20
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	5,315	5,270	45	0	10	40
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,115	1,110	10	0	0	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,935	2,905	30	0	0	25
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,265	1,255	10	0	10	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,760	2,675	60	10	10	65
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	895	865	30	0	0	30
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	615	605	10	0	10	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	1,240	1,210	25	10	0	30
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,925	1,905	0	0	20	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	520	520	0	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	590	570	0	0	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	230	230	0	0	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	590	580	0	0	10	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	79,910	78,715	970	85	140	1,015
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,590	2,555	35	10	10	35
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	940	930	0	10	10	10
113 Forestry and logging	840	825	20	0	0	15
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	545	530	15	0	0	15
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	270	265	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	780	765	15	0	0	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	310	310	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	135	130	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	340	330	10	0	0	10
22 Utilities	300	295	10	0	0	10
221 Utilities	305	290	10	0	0	10
23 Construction	7,645	7,560	70	0	10	75
236 Construction of buildings	2,535	2,495	30	0	10	30
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	670	660	10	0	0	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	4,440	4,405	40	0	0	35
31-33 Manufacturing	3,815	3,720	65	0	25	65
311 Food manufacturing	650	620	10	0	15	10
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	110	105	10	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	10	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	45	45	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	25	25	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	15	10	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	810	790	20	0	0	15
322 Paper manufacturing	545	535	0	0	0	10
323 Printing and related support activities	115	110	0	0	10	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	55	50	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	100	90	10	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	55	55	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	185	180	10	0	0	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	45	45	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	250	240	0	0	0	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	240	240	0	0	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	85	85	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	10	0	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	170	170	0	0	0	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	135	135	10	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	165	165	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,975	1,950	10	0	10	10
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	25	20	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	45	50	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	350	350	10	0	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	200	200	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	130	130	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	405	405	0	0	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	460	460	0	0	0	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	280	270	0	0	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	75	70	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	11,195	11,085	105	10	0	105
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,220	1,210	15	0	0	15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	440	445	0	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	355	355	10	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	890	870	15	0	0	20
445 Food and beverage stores	2,775	2,755	25	0	0	25
446 Health and personal care stores	1,090	1,085	0	0	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	325	315	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	965	960	10	0	0	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	595	585	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,360	1,350	15	0	0	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	825	825	0	0	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	345	340	0	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,640	3,585	45	0	10	50
481 Air transportation	280	275	10	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	50	50	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	830	825	0	0	0	10
484 Truck transportation	835	830	10	0	0	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	460	450	10	0	0	10
486 Pipeline transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	35	35	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	530	515	10	0	10	10
491 Postal service	185	180	10	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	295	295	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	120	120	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,830	1,820	10	0	0	10
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	300	300	0	0	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	240	235	0	0	0	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	150	145	10	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	850	850	0	0	0	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	35	30	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	260	260	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,390	2,365	20	0	10	20
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	1,330	1,320	0	0	0	10
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	420	420	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	640	625	0	0	10	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,660	1,625	30	0	0	30
531 Real estate	1,460	1,425	30	0	10	25
532 Rental and leasing services	205	200	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,360	5,300	45	10	0	50
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,360	5,305	45	10	10	45
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	40	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	35	40	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,270	4,145	90	20	15	100
561 Administrative and support services	4,100	3,970	90	20	20	100
562 Waste management and remediation services	175	170	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	5,245	5,135	95	0	0	100
611 Educational services	5,240	5,140	95	10	0	100
62 Health care and social assistance	10,960	10,850	95	15	0	100
621 Ambulatory health care services	4,435	4,415	10	0	0	20
622 Hospitals	2,425	2,390	30	10	0	30
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,075	2,050	25	0	0	25
624 Social assistance	2,030	2,000	30	0	0	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,750	1,720	25	0	0	30
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	670	655	10	0	0	10
712 Heritage institutions	65	65	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,015	1,000	15	10	0	15
72 Accommodation and food services	6,870	6,720	95	0	40	100
721 Accommodation services	1,355	1,330	20	0	0	25
722 Food services and drinking places	5,515	5,390	80	0	40	80
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,700	3,610	75	0	0	80
811 Repair and maintenance	1,150	1,115	35	0	0	35
812 Personal and laundry services	1,440	1,415	25	0	0	25
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	865	850	15	0	0	15
814 Private households	240	235	0	0	0	10
91 Public administration	3,900	3,865	30	10	0	40
911 Federal government public administration	1,530	1,515	10	10	0	10
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	960	945	15	0	0	15
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,280	1,270	0	0	0	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	135	130	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	67,130	66,180	795	70	95	825
Worked at home	6,520	6,380	115	10	15	120
Worked outside Canada	240	215	10	10	10	10
No fixed workplace address	10,970	10,795	165	0	10	165
Worked at usual place	49,400	48,785	500	50	60	525
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	79,910	78,715	970	85	140	1,015
English	79,195	78,200	895	50	45	920
French	160	110	50	0	0	55
Non-official language	290	180	0	15	95	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	285	180	0	10	95	10
English and French	65	35	20	10	0	25
English and non-official language	195	185	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	79,905	78,715	970	85	140	1,015
None	78,270	77,370	730	60	110	755
English	250	195	40	0	10	45
French	595	385	200	0	0	205
Non-official language	780	750	0	10	20	10
Aboriginal	45	45	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	735	705	0	10	20	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	15	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	49,400	48,785	505	50	60	525
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,675	31,275	315	35	55	330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,110	12,990	110	10	10	115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,930	3,840	75	0	0	75
Commute to a different province or territory	690	680	10	0	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	60,375	59,575	665	55	70	695
Car, truck, van - as a driver	48,810	48,180	540	40	50	560
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,475	3,420	35	10	15	40
Public transit	2,000	1,960	30	0	10	30
Walked	3,630	3,595	35	0	0	30
Bicycle	855	840	10	0	0	10
Other method	1,605	1,580	20	0	0	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	60,370	59,580	665	55	70	690
Less than 15 minutes	25,395	25,100	255	20	20	265
15 to 29 minutes	22,125	21,850	230	20	25	240
30 to 44 minutes	7,585	7,470	90	10	10	90
45 to 59 minutes	2,225	2,195	25	10	0	25
60 minutes and over	3,050	2,970	70	0	10	70
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	60,375	59,580	665	55	75	695
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,470	3,430	35	15	0	40
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,170	8,060	100	0	10	100
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,445	16,195	215	15	20	220
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,100	13,945	140	10	10	145
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,480	8,330	110	15	25	115
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,700	9,620	75	10	0	75
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	150,580	147,980	1,880	150	565	1,960
Non-movers	126,475	124,335	1,625	135	380	1,695
Movers	24,105	23,645	255	15	185	265
Non-migrants	13,055	12,865	145	10	40	150
Migrants	11,050	10,780	110	10	145	115
Internal migrants	10,010	9,860	110	10	40	115
Intraprovincial migrants	7,180	7,060	90	10	25	90
Interprovincial migrants	2,840	2,795	25	0	10	30
External migrants	1,040	925	0	0	105	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	145,350	142,785	1,880	150	535	1,955
Non-movers	82,855	81,450	1,125	95	190	1,170
Movers	62,500	61,335	755	55	345	785
Non-migrants	29,455	29,055	325	20	55	335
Migrants	33,045	32,285	430	35	290	450
Internal migrants	29,405	28,915	410	15	75	415
Intraprovincial migrants	20,325	20,060	210	0	50	210
Interprovincial migrants	9,085	8,855	200	10	25	205
External migrants	3,635	3,370	20	25	220	30

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Nanaimo

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.