Visible Minority (15), Age (15A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (900) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Visible minority (15): Total - Visible minority
• Age (15A): Total - Age

This table details visible minority , age , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Brantford

Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (900)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total - Household type of person for the population in private households - 25% sample data	131,640	64,360	67,280
Persons in one-census-family households without additional persons	98,440	48,360	50,085
In a couple census family without children (no other persons present in the household)	27,635	13,820	13,815
In a couple census family with children (no other persons present in the household)	56,460	28,990	27,465
In a lone-parent census family (no other persons present in the household)	14,345	5,550	8,800
Persons in multigenerational households^Footnote 2	8,980	4,185	4,795
Persons in other census family households^Footnote 3	7,645	3,905	3,745
Persons in two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,045	1,715	1,335
Persons living alone (one-person households)	13,525	6,200	7,320
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	108,070	52,365	55,700
Married or living common law	63,705	31,745	31,960
Married	52,385	26,100	26,285
Living common law	11,325	5,650	5,670
Not married and not living common law	44,365	20,615	23,750
Never married	27,820	15,005	12,810
Separated	3,965	1,740	2,225
Divorced	6,650	2,560	4,090
Widowed	5,930	1,310	4,620
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 5	130,115	63,585	66,530
Non-movers	113,460	55,640	57,815
Movers	16,655	7,945	8,715
Non-migrants	9,825	4,595	5,230
Migrants	6,830	3,345	3,490
Internal migrants	6,510	3,190	3,315
Intraprovincial migrants	6,115	2,995	3,120
Interprovincial migrants	390	200	200
External migrants	325	155	165
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 6	124,155	60,620	63,535
Non-movers	79,485	38,850	40,640
Movers	44,670	21,770	22,895
Non-migrants	25,035	12,095	12,935
Migrants	19,635	9,675	9,960
Internal migrants	18,280	8,995	9,290
Intraprovincial migrants	17,250	8,485	8,765
Interprovincial migrants	1,025	505	520
External migrants	1,355	685	675
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 7	131,635	64,355	67,280
English	129,580	63,425	66,155
French	1,175	605	575
English and French	130	55	70
Neither English nor French	755	275	480
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 8	1,245	635	610
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 9	0.9	1.0	0.9
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 10	131,640	64,360	67,280
English	115,735	56,670	59,070
French	1,245	645	605
Non-official language	13,460	6,510	6,950
English and French	255	80	175
English and non-official language	895	430	460
French and non-official language	30	20	20
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 11	131,640	64,360	67,280
English	123,715	60,570	63,140
French	305	130	175
Non-official language	5,190	2,460	2,725
English and French	100	40	55
English and non-official language	2,265	1,125	1,140
French and non-official language	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	55	20	35
Total - Number of languages known for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	131,640	64,360	67,280
Knowledge of one language	110,450	54,260	56,190
English only	109,745	54,005	55,740
French only	10	10	0
Non-official language only	695	245	445
Knowledge of more than one language	21,185	10,095	11,090
English and French only	5,040	2,140	2,900
English, French and one or more non-official languages	935	440	495
English and one or more non official languages	15,115	7,475	7,640
French and one or more non official languages	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages only	85	35	50
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 13	131,640	64,360	67,280
Canadian citizens^Footnote 14	128,295	62,715	65,585
Canadian citizens only	125,635	61,400	64,235
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,660	1,310	1,345
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 15	3,340	1,650	1,695
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 16	131,640	64,360	67,280
Non-immigrants^Footnote 17	114,820	56,075	58,745
Immigrants^Footnote 18	16,470	8,105	8,360
Before 1981	8,220	4,140	4,075
1981 to 1990	2,145	1,025	1,115
1991 to 2000	2,455	1,165	1,285
2001 to 2010	2,555	1,235	1,325
2001 to 2005	1,325	635	695
2006 to 2010	1,225	595	630
2011 to 2016^Footnote 19	1,100	540	565
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 20	350	180	175
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	16,465	8,100	8,360
Under 5 years	2,040	1,100	940
5 to 14 years	3,405	1,760	1,640
15 to 24 years	4,550	2,080	2,475
25 to 44 years	5,445	2,655	2,790
45 years and over	1,025	515	515
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	8,510	4,105	4,400
Economic immigrants^Footnote 23	3,510	1,810	1,700
Principal applicants^Footnote 24	1,350	875	480
Secondary applicants^Footnote 25	2,155	935	1,220
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 26	3,740	1,590	2,150
Refugees^Footnote 27	1,235	690	540
Other immigrants^Footnote 28	25	15	10
Total - Place of birth for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 29	131,640	64,360	67,280
Born in Canada	114,285	55,790	58,490
Born outside Canada	17,355	8,565	8,790
Americas	2,620	1,285	1,340
North America	1,155	530	630
Greenland	0	0	0
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 30	1,155	525	630
Central America	275	105	170
Belize	0	0	0
Costa Rica	25	0	15
El Salvador	45	15	30
Guatemala	40	20	20
Honduras	15	10	0
Mexico	115	40	75
Nicaragua	35	10	25
Panama	10	0	0
Caribbean and Bermuda	800	480	325
Anguilla	0	0	0
Antigua and Barbuda	0	0	0
Aruba	10	0	0
Bahamas	0	0	0
Barbados	40	25	10
Bermuda	10	0	10
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	0	0	0
Cayman Islands	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0
Curaçao	0	0	0
Dominica	0	10	0
Dominican Republic	20	10	10
Grenada	10	10	0
Guadeloupe	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	10
Jamaica	470	260	215
Martinique	0	0	0
Montserrat	15	10	0
Puerto Rico	10	0	0
Saint Barthélemy	0	0	0
Saint Kitts and Nevis	10	10	0
Saint Lucia	0	10	0
Saint Martin (French part)	0	10	0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	15	0	10
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	150	95	55
Turks and Caicos Islands	0	0	0
Virgin Islands, British	0	0	0
Virgin Islands, United States	10	10	0
South America	385	170	215
Argentina	20	15	0
Bolivia^Footnote 31	10	0	10
Brazil	110	35	70
Chile	20	10	10
Colombia	85	40	50
Ecuador	15	0	10
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	0	0	0
French Guiana	0	0	0
Guyana	90	45	40
Paraguay	10	10	10
Peru	10	0	0
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	0	0	0
Suriname	0	0	0
Uruguay	10	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 32	25	10	15
Europe	9,625	4,810	4,815
Western Europe	1,945	1,030	910
Austria	65	30	35
Belgium	90	50	45
France	70	45	20
Germany	570	275	295
Liechtenstein	0	0	0
Luxembourg	0	0	0
Monaco	0	0	0
Netherlands	1,120	620	500
Switzerland	25	10	15
Eastern Europe	2,025	930	1,095
Belarus	10	10	10
Bulgaria	0	0	0
Czech Republic	35	25	15
Estonia	0	0	0
Hungary	270	135	130
Latvia	20	15	10
Lithuania	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 33	0	0	0
Poland	1,290	560	730
Romania	175	85	95
Russian Federation	45	15	25
Slovakia	90	55	35
Ukraine	85	40	45
Northern Europe	3,590	1,765	1,825
Åland Islands	0	0	0
Denmark	65	25	35
Faroe Islands	0	0	0
Finland	30	15	15
Guernsey	0	0	0
Iceland	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 34	120	50	70
Isle of Man	10	10	0
Jersey	10	0	10
Norway	0	0	0
Sark	0	0	0
Svalbard and Jan Mayen	0	0	0
Sweden	15	0	15
United Kingdom^Footnote 35	3,345	1,670	1,675
Southern Europe	2,065	1,085	980
Albania	15	0	10
Andorra	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	15
Croatia	125	60	65
Gibraltar	0	0	0
Greece	100	55	45
Holy See (Vatican City State)	0	0	0
Italy	980	525	450
Kosovo^Footnote 36	35	20	15
Macedonia, Republic of^Footnote 37	10	0	0
Malta	75	35	45
Montenegro	0	0	0
Portugal	570	295	275
San Marino	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 38	105	50	55
Slovenia	20	10	10
Spain	10	10	0
Africa	400	210	185
Western Africa	55	35	20
Benin	0	0	0
Burkina Faso	0	0	0
Cabo Verde	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Gambia	0	0	0
Ghana	20	15	10
Guinea	0	0	0
Guinea-Bissau	0	0	0
Liberia	0	0	0
Mali	0	0	0
Mauritania	0	10	0
Niger	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	15	10
Saint Helena^Footnote 39	0	0	0
Senegal	0	0	0
Sierra Leone	0	0	0
Togo	0	0	0
Eastern Africa	150	75	80
Burundi	0	0	0
Comoros	0	0	0
Djibouti	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Kenya	55	25	20
Madagascar	0	0	0
Malawi	0	0	0
Mauritius	10	0	10
Mayotte	0	0	0
Mozambique	0	0	0
Réunion	0	0	0
Rwanda	0	0	0
Seychelles	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Sudan	10	0	0
Tanzania^Footnote 40	10	0	10
Uganda	15	15	10
Zambia	0	0	0
Zimbabwe	55	35	20
Northern Africa	95	50	50
Algeria	10	0	0
Egypt	45	20	25
Libya	0	0	10
Morocco	10	0	0
Sudan^Footnote 41	30	10	20
Tunisia	10	0	0
Western Sahara	0	0	0
Central Africa	15	10	10
Angola	10	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0
Central African Republic	10	0	0
Chad	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Congo, Republic of the	0	0	0
Equatorial Guinea	0	0	0
Gabon	0	0	0
Sao Tome and Principe	0	0	0
Southern Africa	75	50	30
Botswana	0	0	0
Lesotho	0	0	0
Namibia	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	25
Swaziland	0	0	0
Asia	4,590	2,175	2,415
West Central Asia and the Middle East	445	215	235
Afghanistan	35	15	15
Armenia	0	0	0
Azerbaijan	0	0	0
Bahrain	0	0	0
Cyprus	30	20	10
Georgia	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 42	15	10	0
Iraq	45	25	20
Israel	35	15	25
Jordan	25	0	20
Kazakhstan	20	0	20
Kuwait	15	10	10
Kyrgyzstan	0	0	0
Lebanon	80	40	40
Oman	0	10	0
Qatar	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	20	15	0
Syria^Footnote 43	15	0	10
Tajikistan	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	10
Turkmenistan	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	10
Uzbekistan	0	10	0
West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine)^Footnote 44	45	30	15
Yemen	25	10	20
Eastern Asia	760	345	415
China^Footnote 45	475	225	245
Hong Kong^Footnote 46	40	25	15
Japan	25	15	10
Korea, North^Footnote 47	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 48	205	80	125
Macao^Footnote 49	0	0	0
Mongolia	0	0	0
Taiwan	20	10	10
Southeast Asia	1,345	590	755
Brunei Darussalam	0	0	0
Burma (Myanmar)	0	10	0
Cambodia	15	10	10
Indonesia	20	15	0
Laos^Footnote 50	80	30	50
Malaysia	20	20	0
Philippines	650	255	390
Singapore	0	0	0
Thailand	10	10	0
Timor-Leste	0	0	0
Viet Nam	545	260	285
Southern Asia	2,045	1,030	1,015
Bangladesh	35	15	20
Bhutan	0	0	0
British Indian Ocean Territory	0	0	0
India	1,630	810	820
Maldives	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	345	195	155
Sri Lanka	30	15	20
Oceania	120	80	40
American Samoa	0	0	0
Australia	100	65	35
Christmas Island	0	0	0
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0	0	0
Cook Islands	0	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0
French Polynesia	0	0	0
Guam	0	0	0
Kiribati	0	0	0
Marshall Islands	0	0	0
Micronesia, Federated States of	0	0	0
Nauru	0	0	0
New Caledonia	0	0	0
New Zealand	20	15	10
Niue	0	0	0
Norfolk Island	0	0	0
Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	0
Palau	0	0	0
Papua New Guinea	0	0	0
Pitcairn	0	0	0
Samoa	0	0	0
Solomon Islands	0	0	0
Tokelau	0	0	0
Tonga	0	0	0
Tuvalu	0	0	0
United States Minor Outlying Islands	0	0	0
Vanuatu	0	0	0
Wallis and Futuna	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 51	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 52	131,640	64,360	67,280
First generation^Footnote 53	17,350	8,565	8,785
Second generation^Footnote 54	24,890	12,135	12,760
Third generation or more^Footnote 55	89,395	43,660	45,735
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 56	131,640	64,360	67,280
North American Aboriginal origins	7,745	3,635	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,650	3,085	3,565
Inuit	55	20	30
Métis	1,220	630	590
Other North American origins	44,510	21,395	23,115
Acadian	215	100	115
American	1,505	630	875
Canadian	43,105	20,810	22,300
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	265	105	165
Nova Scotian	40	15	30
Ontarian	20	0	10
Québécois	60	55	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 57	40	20	20
European origins	100,095	48,785	51,315
British Isles origins	70,730	33,980	36,755
Channel Islander	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0
English	44,605	21,215	23,395
Irish	25,490	12,070	13,420
Manx	30	20	10
Scottish	30,610	14,550	16,060
Welsh	2,800	1,330	1,470
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 58	4,335	2,085	2,250
French origins	12,635	6,030	6,610
Alsatian	15	0	10
Breton	10	0	0
Corsican	10	0	0
French	12,630	6,020	6,605
Western European origins (except French origins)	27,685	13,520	14,165
Austrian	585	310	280
Bavarian	0	0	0
Belgian	1,305	595	715
Dutch	10,560	5,280	5,275
Flemish	15	20	0
Frisian	60	25	35
German	17,010	8,165	8,845
Luxembourger	20	10	10
Swiss	410	205	205
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 59	0	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,425	1,190	1,235
Danish	705	340	370
Finnish	430	195	235
Icelandic	90	30	65
Norwegian	540	290	240
Swedish	620	320	305
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 60	140	70	75
Eastern European origins	16,865	8,265	8,595
Bulgarian	70	65	0
Byelorussian	65	40	25
Czech	385	190	190
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 61	200	105	90
Estonian	140	65	75
Hungarian	4,150	2,170	1,980
Latvian	100	55	45
Lithuanian	260	125	135
Moldovan	0	0	0
Polish	7,185	3,390	3,800
Romanian	680	310	370
Russian	885	440	450
Slovak	350	205	145
Ukrainian	4,565	2,240	2,320
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 62	40	20	20
Southern European origins	13,205	6,750	6,450
Albanian	70	30	40
Bosnian	30	10	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Croatian	415	205	205
Cypriot	35	20	15
Greek	615	305	305
Italian	8,070	4,210	3,860
Kosovar	0	0	0
Macedonian	35	30	10
Maltese	540	285	260
Montenegrin	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,460	1,270	1,190
Serbian	335	175	160
Sicilian	15	0	15
Slovenian	125	75	55
Spanish	850	380	470
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 63	265	130	135
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 64	0	0	0
Other European origins	510	235	275
Basque	10	10	0
Jewish	215	100	110
Roma (Gypsy)	25	20	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 65	15	0	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 66	245	100	140
Caribbean origins	1,940	1,060	885
Antiguan	10	0	10
Bahamian	15	10	10
Barbadian	120	60	60
Bermudan	15	15	10
Carib	15	10	0
Cuban	45	15	30
Dominican	65	40	25
Grenadian	45	35	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0
Haitian	65	35	25
Jamaican	1,095	555	540
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	20	0
Martinican	0	0	0
Montserratan	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	10	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	275	170	105
Vincentian/Grenadinian	25	15	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 67	145	70	70
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 68	75	30	40
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,120	550	570
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	35	25	10
Arawak	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	10	10
Belizean	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0
Brazilian	125	60	70
Chilean	15	10	0
Colombian	120	50	75
Costa Rican	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	50	30	20
Guatemalan	65	35	30
Guyanese	250	125	120
Hispanic	15	15	0
Honduran	30	20	10
Maya	10	0	0
Mexican	180	80	100
Nicaraguan	75	25	50
Panamanian	10	10	0
Paraguayan	0	10	0
Peruvian	15	0	15
Salvadorean	75	40	35
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Venezuelan	70	30	40
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 69	35	20	10
African origins	1,030	490	540
Central and West African origins	115	60	50
Akan	0	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0
Ghanaian	50	20	30
Guinean	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0
Nigerian	25	15	10
Peulh	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 70	20	15	0
North African origins	200	105	95
Algerian	10	10	10
Berber	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Egyptian	120	50	70
Libyan	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0
Moroccan	35	30	10
Sudanese	30	10	20
Tunisian	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 71	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	225	100	125
Afrikaner	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 72	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0
Eritrean	15	0	15
Ethiopian	10	10	10
Harari	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Seychellois	25	10	15
Somali	0	0	0
South African	95	45	50
Tanzanian	10	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	70	35	40
Zulu	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 73	0	10	0
Other African origins	535	245	295
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 74	125	35	90
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 75	415	210	205
Asian origins	7,840	3,865	3,975
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	980	475	505
Afghan	65	35	25
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 76	105	50	50
Armenian	175	75	95
Assyrian	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10
Hazara	0	0	0
Iranian	60	35	25
Iraqi	60	30	30
Israeli	25	15	15
Jordanian	20	10	10
Kazakh	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0
Lebanese	160	65	85
Palestinian	205	110	100
Pashtun	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	0	10
Syrian	45	15	35
Tajik	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0
Turk	55	20	35
Turkmen	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10
Yemeni	20	10	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 77	30	10	15
South Asian origins	3,455	1,745	1,705
Bangladeshi	30	10	30
Bengali	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0
East Indian	2,700	1,390	1,315
Goan	25	10	15
Gujarati	35	15	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Pakistani	380	205	175
Punjabi	310	165	140
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	60	25	40
Tamil	20	10	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 78	115	60	55
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,465	1,660	1,805
Burmese	0	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	15	15
Chinese	1,155	545	615
Filipino	960	445	515
Hmong	0	0	0
Indonesian	90	60	30
Japanese	95	60	35
Karen	0	0	0
Korean	315	140	175
Laotian	155	70	85
Malaysian	20	15	10
Mongolian	20	15	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	10
Thai	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0
Vietnamese	850	410	445
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 79	10	10	0
Other Asian origins	15	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 80	15	10	0
Oceania origins	155	75	85
Australian	115	50	65
New Zealander	25	10	10
Pacific Islands origins	15	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0
Maori	15	10	0
Samoan	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 81	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	108,070	52,370	55,705
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,365	11,575	10,790
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 84	33,675	16,285	17,390
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,025	24,510	27,520
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,380	6,075	2,300
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 85	4,010	2,520	1,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 86	4,370	3,555	815
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	26,935	11,215	15,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,555	740	815
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	15,160	6,475	8,690
Bachelor's degree	10,770	4,340	6,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,110	455	655
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	315	125
Master's degree	2,515	1,175	1,340
Earned doctorate^Footnote 87	335	195	140
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 88	108,070	52,365	55,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 89	56,040	27,860	28,185
Education	3,280	830	2,450
13. Education	3,280	830	2,450
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,025	915	1,110
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	415	300	120
50. Visual and performing arts	1,610	620	990
Humanities	2,575	1,010	1,560
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	170	60	115
23. English language and literature/letters	635	190	440
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	685	225	460
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 90	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	70	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	400	230	170
54. History	465	230	235
55. French language and literature/letters	90	10	80
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,270	1,430	3,835
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	505	180	325
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,495	100	1,385
22. Legal professions and studies	645	180	465
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 91	105	15	90
42. Psychology	715	145	570
45. Social sciences	1,755	800	955
Business, management and public administration	9,435	3,385	6,050
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	15	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,360	220	1,150
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,020	3,150	4,870
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,505	770	740
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	540	225	315
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	165	175
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 92	30	0	25
40. Physical sciences	495	335	160
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	35	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,355	830	520
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,010	695	315
25. Library science	110	10	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	220	115	100
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 93	15	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,805	11,220	585
04. Architecture and related services	355	285	75
14. Engineering	1,110	970	140
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,700	2,510	195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,120	2,060	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,225	3,165	65
48. Precision production	2,285	2,225	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,195	710	480
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	850	520	335
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	200	145
Health and related fields	9,380	1,390	7,990
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	870	365	505
51. Health professions and related programs	8,405	930	7,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	110	90	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,170	2,010	2,155
12. Personal and culinary services	2,120	410	1,705
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	15	0
43. Security and protective services	1,325	905	415
49. Transportation and materials moving	710	680	30
Other	40	0	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	0	35
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 94	108,070	52,365	55,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,040	27,860	28,185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 95	52,025	24,505	27,520
Location of study inside Canada	46,925	21,745	25,180
Same as province or territory of residence	45,185	20,895	24,295
Different than province or territory of residence	1,745	860	885
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 96	5,100	2,760	2,340
United States^Footnote 97	1,225	630	595
Philippines	325	135	185
India	575	310	265
United Kingdom^Footnote 98	890	590	300
China^Footnote 99	150	60	90
France	30	20	10
Other	1,905	1,015	890
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 100	108,070	52,370	55,700
In the labour force	70,065	36,290	33,780
Employed	65,760	34,190	31,570
Unemployed	4,300	2,095	2,205
Not in the labour force	38,000	16,075	21,930
Participation rate	64.8	69.3	60.6
Employment rate	60.8	65.3	56.7
Unemployment rate	6.1	5.8	6.5
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 101	108,070	52,365	55,700
Did not work^Footnote 102	35,595	14,925	20,675
Worked	72,470	37,440	35,030
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 103	39,770	22,960	16,810
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 104	32,700	14,480	18,220
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.5	44.2	42.7
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^Footnote 105	70,065	36,290	33,780
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 106	1,150	505	645
All classes of workers^Footnote 107	68,910	35,785	33,130
Employee	62,010	31,510	30,505
Self-employed^Footnote 108	6,900	4,275	2,630
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 109	70,065	36,290	33,775
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 110	1,155	505	645
All occupations^Footnote 111	68,915	35,785	33,130
0 Management occupations	7,010	4,285	2,720
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,395	2,710	6,685
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,175	2,575	605
3 Health occupations	4,315	680	3,630
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,000	1,910	5,095
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,570	670	900
6 Sales and service occupations	16,160	6,130	10,030
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,165	11,230	940
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,410	1,055	355
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,710	4,540	2,175
Total Labour Force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^Footnote 112	70,065	36,290	33,780
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^Footnote 113	1,150	505	645
All industry categories^Footnote 114	68,915	35,785	33,130
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,540	1,005	540
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	110	15
22 Utilities	415	300	115
23 Construction	5,155	4,410	750
31-33 Manufacturing	11,995	8,710	3,285
41 Wholesale trade	3,245	2,245	1,000
44-45 Retail trade	8,150	3,575	4,575
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,670	2,635	1,035
51 Information and cultural industries	915	490	425
52 Finance and insurance	1,685	710	980
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	870	485	390
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,015	1,570	1,440
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	40	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,545	1,895	1,645
61 Educational services	4,645	1,185	3,465
62 Health care and social assistance	7,870	1,105	6,770
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,700	825	880
72 Accommodation and food services	4,665	1,565	3,100
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,060	1,550	1,510
91 Public administration	2,575	1,390	1,185
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 115	74,645	38,465	36,180
English	73,910	38,195	35,720
French	205	40	160
Non-official language	175	85	90
English and French	120	35	80
English and non-official language	235	110	125
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	108,065	52,370	55,705
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	103,755	50,285	53,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,480	40,984	27,916
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,027	49,368	35,124
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	103,785	50,285	53,500
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,556	36,456	25,831
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,793	41,184	30,725
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	92,450	45,850	46,605
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,630	40,015	24,350
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,209	48,295	32,255
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,240	33,495	42,745
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,796	5,872	7,168
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,435	8,009	8,768
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,410	39,285	37,125
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,845	41,560	27,219
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,047	48,114	33,569
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 117	108,070	52,365	55,705
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	38,865	22,400	16,460
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 119	50,795	56,198	44,151
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 120	58,360	64,382	50,164
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 122	85.2	89.2	80.0
Employment income (%)^Footnote 123	71.9	76.2	66.3
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 124	14.7	10.8	20.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 125	108,065	52,365	55,705
Without total income	4,315	2,085	2,230
With total income	103,755	50,280	53,470
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.0	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,920	5,295	7,630
$10,000 to $19,999	17,935	6,750	11,185
$20,000 to $29,999	16,180	6,580	9,600
$30,000 to $39,999	13,125	5,990	7,135
$40,000 to $49,999	11,780	5,765	6,015
$50,000 to $59,999	8,610	4,930	3,685
$60,000 to $69,999	6,380	3,830	2,550
$70,000 to $79,999	4,420	2,890	1,530
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	1,985	1,245
$90,000 to $99,999	3,175	1,835	1,350
$100,000 and over	6,000	4,440	1,555
$100,000 to $149,999	4,565	3,270	1,295
$150,000 and over	1,435	1,170	265
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 126	108,070	52,365	55,700
Without after-tax income	4,285	2,080	2,205
With after-tax income	103,790	50,290	53,495
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.0	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,325	5,420	7,910
$10,000 to $19,999	18,780	7,105	11,675
$20,000 to $29,999	18,955	7,945	11,015
$30,000 to $39,999	15,570	7,190	8,380
$40,000 to $49,999	12,945	7,160	5,790
$50,000 to $59,999	8,440	4,985	3,450
$60,000 to $69,999	5,290	3,455	1,840
$70,000 to $79,999	4,460	2,675	1,790
$80,000 and over	6,015	4,360	1,655
$80,000 to $89,999	2,545	1,710	830
$90,000 to $99,999	1,195	860	335
$100,000 and over	2,275	1,790	485
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	108,070	52,365	55,705
Without employment income	31,660	13,080	18,580
With employment income	76,410	39,290	37,125
Percentage with employment income	70.7	75.0	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,105	4,990	5,115
$5,000 to $9,999	6,575	2,575	4,000
$10,000 to $19,999	9,775	3,895	5,875
$20,000 to $29,999	8,445	3,545	4,895
$30,000 to $39,999	8,730	4,015	4,710
$40,000 to $49,999	8,245	4,175	4,075
$50,000 to $59,999	6,325	3,855	2,475
$60,000 to $69,999	4,590	2,930	1,665
$70,000 to $79,999	3,495	2,325	1,170
$80,000 and over	10,120	6,980	3,140
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770	1,805	965
$90,000 to $99,999	2,715	1,540	1,175
$100,000 and over	4,630	3,635	1,000
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 128	131,640	64,360	67,280
In the bottom half of the distribution	67,170	31,745	35,425
In the bottom decile	11,410	5,190	6,220
In the second decile	13,025	5,635	7,395
In the third decile	14,170	6,775	7,400
In the fourth decile	14,105	6,940	7,165
In the fifth decile	14,460	7,205	7,250
In the top half of the distribution	64,465	32,615	31,850
In the sixth decile	14,275	7,110	7,165
In the seventh decile	15,080	7,685	7,395
In the eighth decile	13,140	6,580	6,560
In the ninth decile	13,000	6,620	6,375
In the top decile	8,975	4,615	4,360
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	131,640	64,360	67,280
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,515	7,685	9,825
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3	11.9	14.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,270	3,830	4,435
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.3	6.0	6.6

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 2

In households where there is at least one person living with a child and a grandchild.

Footnote 3

In households that are not multigenerational where there is one census family with additional persons or more than one census family.

Footnote 4

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 8

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 9

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 10

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 11

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 12

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 14

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 15

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 16

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 18

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 20

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 21

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 22

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 24

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 25

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 26

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 27

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 28

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 29

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 30

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 31

The official name of Bolivia is Plurinational State of Bolivia.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 35

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 36

The official name of Kosovo is Republic of Kosovo.

Footnote 37

Macedonia, Republic of: known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia by the United Nations and other international bodies.

Footnote 38

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 39

The official name of Saint Helena is Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Footnote 40

The official name of Tanzania is United Republic of Tanzania.

Footnote 41

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 42

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 43

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 44

West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine): West Bank and Gaza Strip are the territories referred to in the Declaration of Principles, signed by Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1993. Palestine refers to pre-1948 British mandate Palestine.

Footnote 45

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 46

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 47

The official name of North Korea is Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Footnote 48

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 49

The full name of Macao is Macao Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 50

The official name of Laos is Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Footnote 51

Includes other places of birth not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea'.

Footnote 52

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 53

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 54

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 55

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 56

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 57

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 58

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 59

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 60

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 61

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 62

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 63

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 64

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 65

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 66

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 67

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 68

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 69

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 70

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 71

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 72

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 73

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 74

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 75

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 76

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 77

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 78

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 79

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 80

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 81

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 82

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 83

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 84

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 85

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 86

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 87

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 88

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 89

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 90

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 91

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 92

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 93

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 94

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 95

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 96

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 97

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 98

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 99

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 100

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 101

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 102

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 103

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 104

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 105

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Footnote 106

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 107

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 108

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 109

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 110

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 111

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 112

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Footnote 113

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 114

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 115

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 116

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 117

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 118

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 119

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 120

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 121

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 122

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 123

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 124

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 125

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 126

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 127

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 128

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 129

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Data quality note(s) – Brantford

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.3%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016192.