Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Halifax
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Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984) First official language spoken (6)
Total - First official language spoken English French English and French Neither English nor French Official language minority (number)Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data 397,635 384,830 9,515 1,200 2,085 10,115
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data 397,635 384,835 9,510 1,200 2,085 10,110
0 to 14 years 60,420 58,215 930 410 865 1,135
0 to 4 years 19,795 18,900 300 100 495 350
5 to 9 years 20,700 19,960 320 170 250 405
10 to 14 years 19,925 19,355 315 135 120 380
15 to 64 years 277,500 268,930 6,865 720 980 7,230
15 to 19 years 22,300 21,815 280 115 95 340
20 to 24 years 29,775 29,010 595 95 75 640
25 to 29 years 29,990 29,220 655 40 80 675
30 to 34 years 27,285 26,385 710 95 95 760
35 to 39 years 25,565 24,615 715 105 125 770
40 to 44 years 26,480 25,500 735 105 130 795
45 to 49 years 27,530 26,660 720 65 95 745
50 to 54 years 32,430 31,385 895 30 120 910
55 to 59 years 30,330 29,365 840 40 80 865
60 to 64 years 25,815 24,980 720 25 90 730
65 years and over 59,720 57,690 1,715 70 240 1,750
65 to 69 years 22,235 21,465 670 10 95 675
70 to 74 years 15,240 14,785 390 30 30 410
75 to 79 years 10,390 10,005 325 10 50 330
80 to 84 years 6,835 6,590 215 10 20 215
85 years and over 5,025 4,855 115 10 45 125
85 to 89 years 3,415 3,280 95 10 30 95
90 to 94 years 1,270 1,255 15 0 10 10
95 to 99 years 325 310 15 0 10 15
100 years and over 10 10 0 0 0 0
Average age 40.5 40.5 44.8 28.4 29.8 not applicable ...
Median age 40.7 40.6 45.9 23.7 25.5 not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 2 337,215 326,615 8,580 795 1,220 8,980
Married or living common law 191,585 184,595 5,690 445 860 5,915
Married 153,065 147,440 4,415 375 835 4,600
Living common law 38,520 37,150 1,280 70 20 1,315
Not married and not living common law 145,630 142,030 2,890 350 360 3,070
Never married 100,365 98,010 1,880 290 190 2,025
Separated 9,650 9,450 165 15 15 175
Divorced 20,180 19,700 420 25 35 435
Widowed 15,425 14,865 425 15 115 435
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 3 337,210 326,620 8,580 790 1,220 8,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 324,110 314,115 8,390 725 880 not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 46,429 46,328 54,565 35,524 14,056 not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 35,950 35,828 47,093 24,150 11,763 not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 324,225 314,220 8,400 725 885 not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 37,502 37,423 43,680 29,897 13,164 not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 31,662 31,545 39,239 22,019 11,763 not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 293,720 284,745 7,840 615 515 not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 45,940 45,817 53,051 37,630 15,954 not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 34,936 34,772 44,779 26,086 12,228 not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 224,085 217,535 5,270 550 730 not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 6,937 6,924 7,898 4,642 5,797 not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 4,409 4,374 6,486 1,798 2,305 not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 243,395 236,080 6,395 520 405 not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 44,079 43,954 51,167 35,038 16,613 not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 34,332 34,138 44,674 25,622 12,952 not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample dataFootnote 4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 not applicable ...
Market income (%)Footnote 5 89.7 89.7 90.9 90.6 65.4 not applicable ...
Employment income (%)Footnote 6 71.3 71.3 71.5 70.7 54.1 not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)Footnote 7 10.3 10.4 9.1 9.8 33.8 not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 8 337,215 326,620 8,585 795 1,220 8,975
Without total income 13,100 12,500 190 65 335 230
With total income 324,110 314,115 8,390 725 885 8,755
Percentage with total income 96.1 96.2 97.7 91.2 72.5 97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 44,945 43,670 735 165 385 815
$10,000 to $19,999 49,840 48,355 990 165 330 1,075
$20,000 to $29,999 43,275 42,175 925 90 80 970
$30,000 to $39,999 39,980 38,885 975 85 35 1,015
$40,000 to $49,999 34,905 34,090 750 40 25 775
$50,000 to $59,999 27,380 26,505 810 45 20 830
$60,000 to $69,999 20,550 19,750 785 15 0 795
$70,000 to $79,999 17,575 16,910 645 15 10 655
$80,000 to $89,999 13,660 13,055 560 40 0 580
$90,000 to $99,999 8,500 8,045 420 35 0 440
$100,000 and over 23,495 22,680 785 30 0 805
$100,000 to $149,999 16,005 15,415 580 20 0 585
$150,000 and over 7,490 7,270 210 15 0 220
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 9 337,210 326,620 8,580 795 1,220 8,980
Without after-tax income 12,990 12,400 180 65 335 215
With after-tax income 324,225 314,220 8,400 720 885 8,760
Percentage with after-tax income 96.1 96.2 97.9 90.6 72.5 97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss) 47,180 45,805 815 170 380 905
$10,000 to $19,999 53,025 51,490 1,040 160 335 1,120
$20,000 to $29,999 52,955 51,600 1,150 120 90 1,215
$30,000 to $39,999 50,380 49,020 1,235 80 45 1,275
$40,000 to $49,999 39,630 38,465 1,075 60 25 1,110
$50,000 to $59,999 28,345 27,290 1,030 20 0 1,040
$60,000 to $69,999 20,725 19,775 905 40 0 920
$70,000 to $79,999 11,515 11,015 465 35 0 485
$80,000 and over 20,470 19,760 670 40 0 690
$80,000 to $89,999 6,445 6,165 260 15 0 265
$90,000 to $99,999 3,965 3,830 125 10 0 135
$100,000 and over 10,055 9,760 285 10 0 295
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 10 337,210 326,615 8,580 790 1,220 8,980
Without employment income 93,820 90,540 2,185 275 815 2,325
With employment income 243,395 236,075 6,395 520 400 6,655
Percentage with employment income 72.2 72.3 74.5 65.8 32.8 74.1
Under $5,000 (including loss) 30,815 29,930 695 90 105 740
$5,000 to $9,999 19,490 19,020 360 45 60 385
$10,000 to $19,999 31,760 30,925 620 85 130 660
$20,000 to $29,999 28,300 27,570 605 80 45 645
$30,000 to $39,999 27,040 26,365 610 50 20 635
$40,000 to $49,999 23,975 23,365 560 25 25 570
$50,000 to $59,999 18,460 17,855 550 45 10 575
$60,000 to $69,999 15,035 14,455 570 10 0 575
$70,000 to $79,999 13,815 13,330 470 20 0 480
$80,000 and over 34,700 33,270 1,360 70 10 1,395
$80,000 to $89,999 11,070 10,560 480 25 0 495
$90,000 to $99,999 6,695 6,350 320 25 0 335
$100,000 and over 16,940 16,360 560 15 0 570
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 11 337,215 326,620 8,580 790 1,220 8,975
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 12 125,075 121,220 3,535 200 120 not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 13 51,704 51,390 63,276 51,445 24,988 not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 14 61,471 61,346 66,959 59,875 28,982 not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 15 397,630 384,835 9,515 1,200 2,085 10,110
English only 345,790 345,795 0 0 0 0
French only 270 0 270 0 0 270
English and French 49,400 38,955 9,240 1,195 0 9,845
Neither English nor French 2,170 90 0 0 2,085 0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 16 397,635 384,835 9,515 1,200 2,085 10,115
English 369,690 363,985 5,705 0 0 5,705
French 3,460 210 3,245 0 0 3,245
Non-official language 16,345 13,530 45 685 2,085 385
Aboriginal 20 15 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 16,325 13,515 50 685 2,085 390
English and French 1,060 310 385 370 0 570
English and non-official language 6,750 6,715 40 0 0 40
French and non-official language 75 10 65 0 0 65
English, French and non-official language 245 75 20 150 0 95
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 17 397,630 384,835 9,515 1,200 2,085 10,115
None 369,030 361,590 4,820 720 1,900 5,180
English 9,285 6,980 1,810 355 145 1,990
French 8,435 5,750 2,665 15 10 2,665
Non-official language 10,295 10,070 150 40 35 175
Aboriginal 80 80 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 10,215 9,990 150 40 35 170
English and French 110 35 10 65 0 40
English and non-official language 175 125 45 0 0 45
French and non-official language 300 280 20 0 0 20
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 10 0 0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 18 397,630 384,835 9,515 1,200 2,085 10,110
English 351,740 351,735 0 0 0 0
French 9,750 595 9,145 0 0 9,150
Non-official language 30,925 27,940 135 765 2,085 515
Aboriginal 55 60 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 30,870 27,880 135 765 2,085 520
English and French 1,800 1,355 85 360 0 260
English and non-official language 3,050 3,050 0 0 0 0
French and non-official language 200 60 140 0 0 140
English, French and non-official language 165 95 0 70 0 40
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 19 397,635 384,830 9,510 1,200 2,085 10,110
Official languages 395,455 384,745 9,515 1,195 0 10,110
English 395,190 384,750 9,245 1,200 0 9,845
French 49,665 38,955 9,515 1,200 0 10,115
Non-official languages 43,820 39,875 975 885 2,085 1,420
Aboriginal languages 195 185 10 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 43,635 39,695 970 885 2,085 1,410
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 20 397,630 384,835 9,510 1,200 2,090 10,110
Aboriginal identityFootnote 21 15,815 15,010 770 30 0 785
Single Aboriginal responsesFootnote 22 15,270 14,485 755 30 0 770
First Nations (North American Indian)Footnote 23 7,955 7,785 150 20 0 160
Métis 6,905 6,295 600 10 0 605
Inuk (Inuit) 400 405 0 0 0 0
Multiple Aboriginal responsesFootnote 24 280 265 10 0 0 10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereFootnote 25 265 260 10 0 0 10
Non-Aboriginal identity 381,820 369,820 8,745 1,170 2,080 9,330
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 26 397,635 384,835 9,510 1,200 2,090 10,110
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 27 4,010 3,885 115 10 0 120
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 393,620 380,945 9,395 1,190 2,085 9,995
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 28 397,635 384,835 9,515 1,200 2,085 10,110
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Footnote 29 2,600 2,495 100 0 0 100
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Footnote 30 2,510 2,405 100 0 0 100
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryFootnote 31 1,715 1,675 40 0 0 40
Métis single ancestry 690 625 60 0 0 55
Inuit single ancestry 110 110 0 0 0 0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Footnote 32 85 85 0 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries 60 60 0 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries 10 10 0 0 0 0
Métis and Inuit ancestries 10 10 0 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesFootnote 33 24,125 22,985 1,080 60 0 1,105
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesFootnote 34 23,270 22,185 1,025 55 0 1,050
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries 16,335 15,785 505 45 10 525
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 6,315 5,790 515 15 0 520
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 615 610 0 0 0 0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesFootnote 35 855 805 55 0 0 55
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 705 650 55 0 0 55
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 90 90 0 0 0 0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 60 60 0 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Footnote 36 370,905 359,355 8,335 1,145 2,080 8,905
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 37 397,630 384,835 9,515 1,200 2,085 10,115
Canadian citizensFootnote 38 376,250 365,515 9,210 895 630 9,655
Canadian citizens only 366,125 356,075 8,840 660 545 9,170
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 10,125 9,440 370 230 85 485
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 39 21,385 19,320 305 305 1,455 460
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 40 397,630 384,835 9,515 1,195 2,085 10,110
Non-immigrantsFootnote 41 352,630 343,015 8,730 570 310 9,015
ImmigrantsFootnote 42 37,210 34,290 705 595 1,615 1,005
Before 1981 10,100 9,790 185 70 55 220
1981 to 1990 3,035 2,915 50 25 40 65
1991 to 2000 4,890 4,670 85 60 75 115
2001 to 2010 9,760 9,045 245 235 235 360
2001 to 2005 3,760 3,515 105 100 40 155
2006 to 2010 6,005 5,535 140 130 190 210
2011 to 2016Footnote 43 9,425 7,870 140 205 1,205 245
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 44 7,800 7,525 80 35 165 95
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 45 37,210 34,295 705 595 1,615 1,005
Under 5 years 4,640 4,270 50 90 235 90
5 to 14 years 6,970 6,450 115 90 315 155
15 to 24 years 6,630 6,285 150 50 140 175
25 to 44 years 16,235 15,065 335 330 505 505
45 years and over 2,735 2,220 60 30 420 80
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 46 37,205 34,290 705 595 1,615 1,005
Americas 5,480 5,260 110 95 20 160
Brazil 135 110 0 20 0 10
Colombia 115 110 10 10 0 10
El Salvador 75 75 0 0 0 0
Guyana 140 140 0 0 0 0
Haiti 45 15 20 0 0 20
Jamaica 345 345 0 0 0 0
Mexico 225 200 10 15 0 15
Peru 80 80 0 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 175 175 0 0 0 0
United StatesFootnote 47 3,225 3,175 35 10 0 35
Other places of birth in Americas 925 825 50 40 10 70
Europe 12,255 11,710 330 130 85 395
Bosnia and Herzegovina 195 180 0 10 10 0
Croatia 130 130 0 0 0 0
France 340 95 240 0 0 245
Germany 1,150 1,120 0 30 0 15
Greece 450 430 10 10 10 0
Hungary 80 75 0 10 0 0
IrelandFootnote 48 280 275 0 10 0 0
Italy 375 365 10 0 0 10
Netherlands 470 445 10 15 0 15
Poland 465 450 0 10 10 0
Portugal 180 160 0 10 15 0
Romania 155 125 15 10 10 20
Russian Federation 505 490 0 10 0 0
SerbiaFootnote 49 65 60 0 0 0 0
Ukraine 270 270 0 0 0 0
United KingdomFootnote 50 5,905 5,900 0 0 10 0
Other places of birth in Europe 1,245 1,145 50 30 25 70
Africa 3,025 2,665 185 145 40 255
Algeria 10 0 10 10 0 0
Egypt 725 650 30 40 10 50
Ethiopia 170 160 0 10 10 10
Kenya 120 110 0 0 10 0
Morocco 70 15 35 15 0 45
Nigeria 285 280 0 10 0 0
Somalia 65 65 0 0 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 355 355 0 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Africa 1,225 1,025 110 65 20 145
Asia 16,210 14,435 65 230 1,470 185
Afghanistan 100 75 0 0 25 0
Bangladesh 250 245 0 0 0 0
ChinaFootnote 51 2,345 2,045 0 25 270 20
Hong KongFootnote 52 255 235 0 0 20 0
India 1,875 1,850 0 0 25 0
IranFootnote 53 840 790 0 10 35 10
Iraq 530 505 0 0 15 10
Japan 170 165 0 0 10 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 54 720 650 0 20 55 0
Lebanon 1,210 1,025 50 105 25 105
Pakistan 450 440 0 10 0 0
Philippines 2,030 2,020 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 270 265 0 0 0 0
SyriaFootnote 55 1,040 355 0 15 675 0
Taiwan 180 175 0 0 0 0
Viet Nam 355 320 0 0 35 0
Other places of birth in Asia 3,595 3,270 10 30 280 25
Oceania and other places of birthFootnote 56 235 225 10 0 0 10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 57 9,425 7,870 140 205 1,205 240
Americas 990 905 15 50 20 40
Brazil 85 65 0 15 0 0
Colombia 15 10 0 0 0 0
Cuba 65 45 0 20 0 10
Haiti 15 0 0 0 0 0
Jamaica 125 125 0 0 0 0
Mexico 85 75 0 15 0 10
United StatesFootnote 58 360 355 0 0 10 0
VenezuelaFootnote 59 10 10 0 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Americas 225 215 10 0 10 0
Europe 1,385 1,275 65 40 10 85
France 80 25 55 0 0 55
Germany 85 80 0 10 0 0
IrelandFootnote 60 35 35 0 0 0 0
MoldovaFootnote 61 25 25 0 0 0 0
Romania 30 30 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 165 155 0 10 0 0
Ukraine 135 135 0 0 0 0
United KingdomFootnote 62 540 535 0 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Europe 290 255 10 20 0 20
Africa 955 810 50 60 30 85
Algeria 10 10 10 0 0 0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0 0 0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 55 25 15 10 0 25
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0 0 0
Egypt 185 170 0 10 10 10
Eritrea 60 45 0 0 20 0
Ethiopia 40 35 0 0 0 0
Morocco 25 0 15 10 0 20
Nigeria 150 150 0 0 0 0
Somalia 10 10 0 0 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 70 70 0 0 0 0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Africa 350 300 15 25 10 25
Asia 6,065 4,865 10 55 1,140 30
Afghanistan 20 20 0 0 10 0
Bangladesh 65 65 0 0 0 0
ChinaFootnote 63 855 690 0 10 160 0
Hong KongFootnote 64 0 0 0 0 0 0
India 760 745 0 0 10 0
IranFootnote 65 245 235 0 10 10 10
Iraq 245 235 0 0 15 0
Israel 260 245 0 0 15 0
Japan 65 55 0 0 0 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 66 190 185 0 10 0 0
Lebanon 75 35 0 30 10 15
Nepal 180 165 0 0 15 0
Pakistan 95 85 0 10 0 0
Philippines 1,160 1,160 0 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 120 110 0 0 10 0
Sri Lanka 90 85 0 0 0 0
SyriaFootnote 67 795 125 0 0 670 0
Taiwan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkey 75 55 0 0 20 0
United Arab Emirates 60 60 0 0 0 0
Viet Nam 45 40 0 0 10 0
Other places of birth in Asia 675 460 0 0 215 0
Oceania and otherFootnote 68 20 20 0 0 0 10
Australia 10 10 0 0 0 0
Other places of birthFootnote 69 15 0 0 0 0 0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 70 397,635 384,835 9,515 1,200 2,085 10,110
First generationFootnote 71 47,920 44,620 860 650 1,790 1,185
Second generationFootnote 72 38,625 37,495 580 285 270 720
Third generation or moreFootnote 73 311,090 302,725 8,075 265 25 8,210
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataFootnote 74 27,440 24,820 520 525 1,570 785
Economic immigrantsFootnote 75 16,470 15,515 285 355 315 460
Principal applicantsFootnote 76 6,335 5,950 140 155 95 215
Secondary applicantsFootnote 77 10,135 9,565 145 200 220 245
Immigrants sponsored by familyFootnote 78 6,715 6,210 175 100 235 225
RefugeesFootnote 79 4,080 2,925 60 75 1,020 100
Other immigrantsFootnote 80 175 165 0 0 10 0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 81 397,630 384,835 9,515 1,200 2,085 10,115
Total visible minority populationFootnote 82 45,290 42,435 535 500 1,820 785
South AsianFootnote 83 6,550 6,285 30 25 215 45
Chinese 6,975 6,545 15 40 375 35
Black 15,085 14,645 295 100 50 345
Filipino 2,575 2,560 10 15 0 10
Latin American 1,205 1,120 20 60 10 45
Arab 7,340 6,135 120 175 905 210
Southeast AsianFootnote 84 865 810 10 10 45 10
West AsianFootnote 85 1,390 1,275 0 25 90 15
Korean 1,230 1,120 10 30 70 15
Japanese 485 440 0 25 25 15
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 86 490 445 15 0 30 15
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 87 1,090 1,050 25 0 15 30
Not a visible minorityFootnote 88 352,340 342,400 8,975 700 265 9,325
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 89 397,635 384,835 9,510 1,200 2,085 10,110
North American Aboriginal origins 26,725 25,480 1,180 60 0 1,205
First Nations (North American Indian) 18,920 18,270 595 45 0 625
Inuit 910 895 10 0 0 10
Métis 7,850 7,205 630 15 0 635
Other North American origins 163,560 157,795 5,475 255 30 5,605
Acadian 10,120 8,370 1,700 55 0 1,720
American 3,950 3,860 85 10 0 85
Canadian 152,835 148,400 4,205 205 30 4,310
New Brunswicker 30 30 0 0 0 0
Newfoundlander 885 875 0 10 0 10
Nova Scotian 745 730 0 10 0 10
Ontarian 25 20 10 0 0 0
Québécois 230 105 115 20 0 120
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 90 10 10 0 0 0 0
European origins 276,190 268,955 6,510 540 185 6,780
British Isles origins 228,905 226,955 1,715 220 25 1,820
Channel Islander 35 35 0 0 0 0
Cornish 60 55 0 0 0 0
English 121,795 121,050 625 110 10 680
Irish 95,070 94,035 920 105 10 970
Manx 75 75 0 0 0 0
Scottish 113,480 112,945 460 55 15 485
Welsh 8,850 8,825 25 0 0 25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Footnote 91 11,350 11,260 80 10 0 90
French origins 66,420 60,310 5,920 190 10 6,020
Alsatian 10 15 0 0 0 0
Breton 0 0 0 0 0 0
Corsican 10 10 0 0 0 0
French 66,415 60,300 5,925 190 10 6,015
Western European origins (except French origins) 56,580 56,025 425 115 10 480
Austrian 1,005 995 10 0 0 10
Bavarian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Belgian 990 880 105 0 0 110
Dutch 13,220 13,105 45 55 10 75
Flemish 65 70 0 0 0 0
Frisian 15 15 0 0 0 0
German 45,110 44,835 210 55 10 235
Luxembourger 15 15 0 0 0 0
Swiss 1,390 1,320 75 10 0 75
Western European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 92 95 85 0 0 0 10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) 8,010 7,970 25 15 0 40
Danish 1,890 1,870 15 10 0 15
Finnish 610 610 0 0 0 0
Icelandic 415 410 0 10 0 0
Norwegian 2,785 2,775 0 0 0 10
Swedish 1,915 1,915 0 0 0 0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 93 690 680 10 0 0 10
Eastern European origins 16,135 15,800 170 95 70 220
Bulgarian 180 170 0 0 10 0
Byelorussian 135 120 0 0 15 0
Czech 670 650 0 10 0 15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Footnote 94 150 155 0 0 0 0
Estonian 255 255 0 0 0 0
Hungarian 1,400 1,375 25 10 0 25
Latvian 240 235 0 10 0 0
Lithuanian 600 600 0 0 0 0
Moldovan 0 10 0 0 0 0
Polish 5,905 5,795 60 35 10 80
Romanian 720 665 30 15 10 40
Russian 2,975 2,880 35 20 45 45
Slovak 355 355 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 5,155 5,060 50 15 25 55
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 95 190 185 10 0 0 0
Southern European origins 16,780 16,265 290 145 85 355
Albanian 255 250 0 0 0 0
Bosnian 120 115 0 0 0 0
Catalan 0 10 0 0 0 0
Croatian 450 445 0 0 0 0
Cypriot 25 25 0 0 0 0
Greek 2,430 2,385 15 20 15 25
Italian 8,185 7,935 220 30 10 235
Kosovar 240 220 0 0 20 0
Macedonian 95 95 10 0 0 10
Maltese 240 235 0 0 0 0
Montenegrin 15 10 0 0 0 0
Portuguese 2,335 2,285 10 15 20 25
Serbian 190 180 0 10 0 0
Sicilian 10 10 0 0 0 0
Slovenian 100 105 0 0 0 0
Spanish 2,685 2,545 55 70 15 90
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Footnote 96 190 175 0 10 10 10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 97 65 60 0 0 0 0
Other European origins 3,610 3,500 80 10 20 80
Basque 100 85 20 0 0 20
Jewish 1,485 1,445 15 0 25 20
Roma (Gypsy) 60 55 0 0 0 0
Slavic, n.o.s.Footnote 98 20 15 0 0 0 0
Other European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 99 1,965 1,920 45 0 0 45
Caribbean origins 3,570 3,455 100 10 0 105
Antiguan 80 80 0 0 0 0
Bahamian 195 195 0 0 0 0
Barbadian 405 395 10 0 0 10
Bermudan 150 155 0 0 0 0
Carib 45 35 0 0 0 0
Cuban 270 245 10 15 0 15
Dominican 120 115 0 0 0 0
Grenadian 20 20 0 0 0 0
Guadeloupean 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haitian 85 35 55 0 0 55
Jamaican 1,300 1,300 0 0 0 0
Kittitian/Nevisian 30 30 0 0 0 0
Martinican 10 10 10 0 0 0
Montserratan 0 10 0 0 0 0
Puerto Rican 50 55 0 0 0 0
St. Lucian 65 60 0 0 0 0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 255 250 0 0 0 0
Vincentian/Grenadinian 30 25 0 0 0 0
West Indian, n.o.s.Footnote 100 460 460 0 0 0 0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Footnote 101 280 255 20 0 0 25
Latin, Central and South American origins 2,060 1,915 45 80 25 85
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya) 145 140 0 0 0 10
Arawak 0 0 0 0 0 0
Argentinian 50 50 0 0 0 0
Belizean 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bolivian 35 30 0 0 0 0
Brazilian 215 190 0 15 10 10
Chilean 80 80 0 0 0 0
Colombian 235 215 10 10 10 10
Costa Rican 25 25 0 0 0 0
Ecuadorian 25 25 0 0 0 0
Guatemalan 55 55 0 0 0 0
Guyanese 270 265 0 0 0 0
Hispanic 55 45 10 0 0 0
Honduran 30 30 0 0 0 0
Maya 60 50 0 10 0 10
Mexican 465 420 10 40 0 30
Nicaraguan 30 35 0 0 0 0
Panamanian 15 15 0 0 0 0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Peruvian 145 120 10 10 0 15
Salvadorean 85 80 0 0 0 0
Uruguayan 15 15 0 0 0 0
Venezuelan 55 55 0 0 0 0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 102 155 140 0 10 0 0
African origins 12,515 11,870 370 175 100 455
Central and West African origins 1,075 880 130 55 10 155
Akan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Angolan 10 10 0 0 0 0
Ashanti 0 0 0 0 0 0
Beninese 0 0 0 0 0 0
Burkinabe 10 0 10 0 0 0
Cameroonian 20 15 0 0 0 10
Chadian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Congolese 170 100 45 20 0 55
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ewe 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gabonese 10 0 0 0 0 0
Gambian 10 15 0 0 0 0
Ghanaian 140 135 0 0 0 0
Guinean 30 25 10 0 0 10
Ibo 90 85 0 0 0 0
Ivorian 10 10 0 0 0 0
Liberian 15 20 0 0 0 0
Malian 10 0 10 0 0 0
Malinké 15 15 0 0 0 0
Nigerian 355 330 0 20 10 10
Peulh 10 0 0 0 0 0
Senegalese 10 0 0 0 0 0
Sierra Leonean 40 40 0 0 0 0
Togolese 65 50 0 15 0 10
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 65 70 0 0 0 0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 103 110 75 25 0 10 30
North African origins 1,715 1,495 115 65 45 145
Algerian 30 15 15 0 0 20
Berber 55 15 20 10 10 25
Coptic 25 30 0 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0
Egyptian 1,175 1,085 35 30 25 50
Libyan 185 170 0 0 10 0
Maure 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moroccan 115 65 40 15 0 40
Sudanese 115 115 0 0 0 0
Tunisian 40 15 20 0 0 20
North African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 104 40 25 0 10 0 10
Southern and East African origins 1,580 1,485 40 20 40 45
Afrikaner 20 25 0 0 0 0
Amhara 10 10 0 0 0 0
Bantu, n.o.s.Footnote 105 0 10 0 0 0 0
Burundian 0 0 10 0 0 0
Djiboutian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eritrean 145 120 0 0 25 0
Ethiopian 250 240 0 0 10 0
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kenyan 140 135 0 0 10 0
Malagasy 20 10 0 10 0 0
Mauritian 10 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 30 30 0 0 0 0
Rwandan 95 65 20 10 0 25
Seychellois 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somali 165 165 0 0 0 0
South African 400 395 10 0 0 10
Tanzanian 55 50 0 0 0 0
Tigrian 15 15 0 0 0 0
Ugandan 55 55 0 0 0 0
Zambian 75 75 0 0 0 0
Zimbabwean 85 80 0 0 0 0
Zulu 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 106 110 105 0 0 10 0
Other African origins 8,315 8,150 110 45 10 130
Black, n.o.s.Footnote 107 1,455 1,445 15 0 0 15
Other African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 108 6,935 6,785 95 45 10 115
Asian origins 33,575 31,105 270 405 1,795 470
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins 13,800 12,310 160 280 1,050 300
Afghan 225 205 0 0 20 0
Arab, n.o.s.Footnote 109 1,385 1,310 10 10 55 15
Armenian 215 190 10 15 0 20
Assyrian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azerbaijani 20 15 0 0 10 0
Georgian 20 20 0 0 0 0
Hazara 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iranian 1,200 1,115 0 15 60 15
Iraqi 585 565 0 0 15 0
Israeli 215 200 0 0 10 0
Jordanian 255 255 0 0 0 0
Kazakh 35 35 0 0 0 0
Kurd 225 220 0 0 10 0
Kuwaiti 205 195 0 0 10 0
Kyrgyz 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lebanese 5,205 4,885 130 165 25 210
Palestinian 920 880 0 35 10 20
Pashtun 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saudi Arabian 675 650 0 0 30 0
Syrian 1,660 880 10 50 725 35
Tajik 20 25 0 0 0 0
Tatar 35 35 0 0 0 0
Turk 570 530 10 0 30 10
Turkmen 10 10 0 0 0 0
Uighur 15 15 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 90 90 0 0 0 0
Yemeni 205 195 0 0 15 0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Footnote 110 765 700 0 15 50 0
South Asian origins 6,880 6,610 30 15 220 40
Bangladeshi 210 205 0 0 0 0
Bengali 55 55 0 0 0 0
Bhutanese 210 125 0 0 85 0
East Indian 5,030 4,960 25 10 40 30
Goan 10 10 0 0 0 0
Gujarati 10 10 0 0 0 0
Kashmiri 0 10 0 0 0 0
Nepali 430 290 0 0 135 0
Pakistani 465 460 0 10 10 10
Punjabi 165 165 0 0 0 0
Sinhalese 0 10 0 0 0 0
Sri Lankan 290 280 10 0 0 0
Tamil 55 55 0 0 0 0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 111 385 390 0 0 0 0
East and Southeast Asian origins 12,860 12,165 75 100 520 125
Burmese 15 15 0 0 0 0
Cambodian (Khmer) 55 45 15 0 0 10
Chinese 7,605 7,165 40 30 370 60
Filipino 2,680 2,660 0 15 0 15
Hmong 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesian 95 95 0 0 0 0
Japanese 600 545 10 25 30 15
Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0
Korean 1,280 1,170 10 30 75 25
Laotian 15 15 0 0 0 0
Malaysian 50 50 0 0 10 0
Mongolian 35 30 0 0 0 0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0 0 0
Taiwanese 175 165 10 0 0 10
Thai 175 165 0 0 0 10
Tibetan 10 10 0 0 0 0
Vietnamese 585 525 15 10 40 20
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 112 50 50 0 0 0 0
Other Asian origins 295 280 0 10 0 0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 113 300 280 0 10 0 0
Oceania origins 550 515 35 0 0 35
Australian 280 275 10 0 0 10
New Zealander 185 190 0 0 0 0
Pacific Islands origins 85 60 25 0 0 25
Fijian 0 10 0 0 0 0
Hawaiian 10 10 0 0 0 0
Maori 35 35 0 0 0 0
Samoan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Polynesian, n.o.s.Footnote 114 15 0 20 0 0 0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Footnote 115 10 0 10 0 0 0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 116 337,215 326,620 8,585 795 1,220 8,975
No certificate, diploma or degree 49,440 47,795 815 120 705 875
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateFootnote 117 85,440 83,030 1,995 145 260 2,070
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 202,335 195,790 5,770 530 250 6,035
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 26,270 25,385 825 35 25 850
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 118 14,480 13,945 510 25 0 525
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 119 11,790 11,445 315 10 25 320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 69,975 67,690 2,120 75 90 2,155
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 7,855 7,580 250 25 10 265
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 98,235 95,135 2,565 390 135 2,765
Bachelor's degree 65,780 63,945 1,595 150 95 1,665
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 5,155 4,970 140 30 10 155
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 2,785 2,660 90 15 20 95
Master's degree 20,595 19,860 585 140 10 655
Earned doctorateFootnote 120 3,920 3,705 160 50 0 190
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 121 337,210 326,620 8,585 795 1,220 8,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 122 134,875 130,830 2,810 265 965 2,945
Education 12,640 12,040 530 45 25 550
13. Education 12,640 12,040 530 45 25 555
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 6,780 6,550 210 15 10 215
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 1,315 1,260 50 0 0 55
50. Visual and performing arts 5,465 5,290 160 15 10 165
Humanities 10,725 10,305 335 70 20 370
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics 740 640 80 15 0 90
23. English language and literature/letters 3,225 3,160 60 0 0 60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 2,300 2,255 40 10 0 40
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesFootnote 123 45 50 0 0 0 0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 715 685 10 0 15 15
39. Theology and religious vocations 855 835 15 10 0 15
54. History 2,255 2,200 50 0 0 55
55. French language and literature/letters 585 475 80 30 0 95
Social and behavioural sciences and law 23,790 23,105 590 65 30 620
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 415 380 25 10 0 30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 2,300 2,240 55 0 0 55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 4,015 3,890 120 0 10 120
22. Legal professions and studies 3,600 3,515 80 0 0 85
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesFootnote 124 395 380 10 0 0 10
42. Psychology 5,035 4,880 135 10 10 140
45. Social sciences 8,030 7,815 160 45 10 180
Business, management and public administration 47,180 45,935 1,140 60 45 1,165
30.16 Accounting and computer science 70 70 10 0 0 0
44. Public administration and social service professions 2,860 2,750 100 10 10 100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 44,250 43,120 1,035 55 40 1,060
Physical and life sciences and technologies 9,850 9,505 305 35 0 320
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 4,595 4,430 140 20 0 150
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 2,020 1,980 30 10 0 30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesFootnote 125 100 85 15 0 0 15
40. Physical sciences 2,810 2,680 120 0 0 125
41. Science technologies/technicians 320 325 0 0 0 0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 9,665 9,405 220 30 15 230
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 7,775 7,555 185 30 10 195
25. Library science 700 695 15 0 0 15
27. Mathematics and statistics 1,055 1,040 15 0 0 10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesFootnote 126 135 120 15 0 0 15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 37,890 36,515 1,230 95 45 1,280
04. Architecture and related services 965 925 30 15 0 35
14. Engineering 7,830 7,560 205 50 15 235
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields 8,520 8,030 460 15 15 465
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 10 10 0 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 8,735 8,525 195 0 10 200
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 8,060 7,800 235 20 0 245
48. Precision production 3,780 3,675 100 0 0 105
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 2,230 2,175 40 0 10 45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences 1,030 1,000 15 0 10 20
03. Natural resources and conservation 1,200 1,170 30 0 0 30
Health and related fields 28,890 28,050 715 85 35 760
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies 1,905 1,860 40 0 0 40
51. Health professions and related programs 26,040 25,295 625 80 30 670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs 945 900 45 10 0 45
Personal, protective and transportation services 12,650 12,155 460 20 20 465
12. Personal and culinary services 7,160 6,910 220 10 20 220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 185 165 20 0 0 20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 520 470 50 0 0 45
43. Security and protective services 2,025 1,970 60 0 0 55
49. Transportation and materials moving 2,765 2,640 115 10 0 120
Other 45 40 0 0 0 0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other 40 40 0 0 0 0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 127 337,215 326,615 8,580 795 1,220 8,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 134,875 130,830 2,815 265 970 2,945
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 128 202,335 195,790 5,775 525 250 6,035
Location of study inside Canada 184,280 178,590 5,410 270 10 5,550
Same as province or territory of residence 140,680 137,745 2,755 155 10 2,840
Different than province or territory of residence 43,605 40,840 2,655 110 0 2,705
Location of study outside CanadaFootnote 129 18,060 17,200 355 260 240 485
United StatesFootnote 130 3,800 3,730 60 10 0 65
Philippines 1,110 1,105 0 10 0 10
India 1,475 1,470 0 0 10 0
United KingdomFootnote 131 3,175 3,145 25 0 0 30
ChinaFootnote 132 815 740 0 0 75 0
France 250 65 165 25 0 175
Other 7,440 6,955 110 210 165 215
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataFootnote 133 337,215 326,620 8,585 790 1,220 not applicable ...
In the labour force 225,940 219,285 5,810 545 305 not applicable ...
Employed 209,425 203,180 5,515 485 235 not applicable ...
Unemployed 16,515 16,100 290 55 70 not applicable ...
Not in the labour force 111,270 107,340 2,770 250 915 not applicable ...
Participation rate 67.0 67.1 67.7 69.0 25.0 not applicable ...
Employment rate 62.1 62.2 64.2 61.4 19.3 not applicable ...
Unemployment rate 7.3 7.3 5.0 10.1 23.0 not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataFootnote 134 337,215 326,620 8,580 795 1,220 8,975
Did not workFootnote 135 102,095 98,495 2,485 260 860 2,615
Worked 235,115 228,125 6,100 535 360 6,365
Worked full year, full timeFootnote 136 128,810 124,860 3,610 215 135 3,715
Worked part year and/or part timeFootnote 137 106,305 103,265 2,490 320 230 2,650
Average weeks worked in reference year 43.1 43.1 44.5 41.5 40.4 not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 138 241,390 234,220 6,210 565 395 6,490
a.Management 25,520 24,725 705 50 45 730
00 Senior management occupations 2,775 2,700 70 0 10 70
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations 10,465 10,025 415 20 10 420
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services 8,720 8,570 130 10 20 130
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities 3,560 3,435 100 15 10 105
b.Professional 50,310 48,645 1,425 215 25 1,530
11 Professional occupations in business and finance 8,810 8,595 195 20 0 200
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences 10,440 10,135 270 40 0 285
30 Professional occupations in nursing 5,100 5,025 70 10 0 75
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing) 4,860 4,650 155 45 0 175
40 Professional occupations in education services 10,415 9,875 450 90 0 495
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services 7,520 7,360 145 10 10 150
51 Professional occupations in art and culture 3,170 3,005 145 15 0 155
c.Technical and paraprofessional 29,700 28,495 1,150 40 15 1,170
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences 8,185 7,880 300 0 0 300
32 Technical occupations in health 5,070 4,945 110 0 10 110
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services 5,125 4,970 130 15 10 140
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services 5,615 5,130 495 0 0 490
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 5,705 5,570 120 10 0 125
d.Administration and administrative support 31,140 30,200 855 55 25 885
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations 13,475 12,995 450 25 10 460
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations 2,530 2,465 60 0 0 65
14 Office support occupations 11,080 10,775 275 15 15 280
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations 4,055 3,960 80 10 10 85
e.Sales 25,210 24,680 460 55 20 485
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations 5,850 5,685 165 10 0 165
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade 11,315 11,070 195 35 10 215
66 Sales support occupations 8,045 7,925 95 15 10 100
f.Personal and customer information services 44,175 42,885 960 110 220 1,015
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services 3,665 3,580 60 20 0 70
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations 4,650 4,530 110 10 0 115
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations 7,755 7,490 170 10 90 175
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations 14,080 13,700 340 40 10 355
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c. 14,030 13,590 285 25 120 300
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades 15,310 14,975 310 15 10 320
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades 10,185 10,010 160 10 10 165
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades 5,125 4,965 150 10 0 155
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction 12,705 12,415 255 25 10 265
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers 2,940 2,910 35 0 0 35
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations 7,100 6,905 170 20 15 175
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations 2,655 2,600 55 10 0 55
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 3,180 3,155 20 0 10 25
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production 1,135 1,125 10 0 0 10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production 530 520 0 0 10 0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers 1,520 1,505 10 0 0 15
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 4,140 4,055 65 0 15 70
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators 1,000 975 20 10 0 20
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers 1,145 1,120 20 0 0 20
95 Assemblers in manufacturing 940 930 10 0 0 10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities 1,060 1,035 15 0 15 15
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 139 241,390 234,225 6,210 565 390 6,490
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 1,680 1,655 15 10 10 10
111 - 112 FarmsFootnote 140 690 665 10 0 10 10
113 Forestry and logging 95 90 10 0 0 0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping 745 745 0 0 0 0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry 155 155 0 0 0 0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 1,220 1,210 15 0 0 15
211 Oil and gas extraction 525 515 10 0 0 0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas) 125 130 0 0 0 0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction 575 565 10 0 0 10
22 Utilities 1,670 1,655 15 0 0 15
221 Utilities 1,670 1,650 15 0 0 15
23 Construction 14,625 14,340 260 25 10 270
236 Construction of buildings 3,705 3,595 90 15 0 100
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction 1,815 1,810 10 0 0 10
238 Specialty trade contractors 9,105 8,935 155 10 0 160
31-33 Manufacturing 10,660 10,445 190 10 20 190
311 Food manufacturing 1,630 1,615 15 0 0 15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing 510 490 25 0 0 20
313 Textile mills 30 35 0 0 0 0
314 Textile product mills 50 45 0 0 0 0
315 Clothing manufacturing 165 155 0 0 10 0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing 25 25 0 0 0 0
321 Wood product manufacturing 350 340 10 0 10 10
322 Paper manufacturing 280 280 0 0 0 0
323 Printing and related support activities 545 535 10 0 0 10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing 150 150 0 0 0 0
325 Chemical manufacturing 310 295 10 0 0 15
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 585 575 10 0 0 10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing 320 295 20 0 0 25
331 Primary metal manufacturing 170 160 10 0 0 10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing 905 905 0 0 0 0
333 Machinery manufacturing 620 595 15 0 10 15
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing 885 880 0 0 0 0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing 185 180 10 0 0 0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing 2,120 2,080 40 0 0 40
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing 320 305 10 0 0 10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 510 500 10 10 0 0
41 Wholesale trade 7,435 7,250 150 20 10 160
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers 20 25 0 0 0 0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers 245 240 0 0 0 0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers 1,305 1,275 15 0 0 15
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers 820 790 20 10 0 25
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers 495 475 15 0 0 15
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers 1,130 1,120 10 0 0 10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 2,455 2,385 60 0 0 65
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers 695 680 15 0 0 15
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers 275 265 10 0 10 10
44-45 Retail trade 28,960 28,450 400 70 35 435
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 3,055 3,015 35 0 0 35
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 935 915 15 0 0 15
443 Electronics and appliance stores 760 755 10 0 0 10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 1,845 1,820 25 0 10 25
445 Food and beverage stores 6,900 6,775 70 30 30 85
446 Health and personal care stores 3,290 3,210 50 35 0 65
447 Gasoline stations 870 865 10 0 0 0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 3,180 3,130 35 10 0 45
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 1,300 1,265 30 0 0 30
452 General merchandise stores 3,545 3,490 60 0 0 60
453 Miscellaneous store retailers 2,270 2,230 35 0 10 35
454 Non-store retailers 1,010 980 25 0 0 25
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 10,725 10,395 310 10 10 320
481 Air transportation 1,480 1,400 80 10 0 80
482 Rail transportation 160 120 45 0 0 45
483 Water transportation 270 260 0 0 0 0
484 Truck transportation 1,930 1,910 20 0 0 20
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation 2,105 2,015 70 10 10 80
486 Pipeline transportation 10 10 0 0 0 0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation 75 70 0 0 0 10
488 Support activities for transportation 2,415 2,370 45 0 0 40
491 Postal service 1,045 1,030 20 0 0 15
492 Couriers and messengers 740 725 10 0 0 10
493 Warehousing and storage 495 485 10 0 0 10
51 Information and cultural industries 6,780 6,620 145 10 10 150
511 Publishing industries (except Internet) 850 840 10 0 10 10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries 1,470 1,425 40 0 0 40
515 Broadcasting (except Internet) 615 600 20 0 0 20
517 Telecommunications 2,575 2,520 55 0 0 55
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services 245 245 0 0 0 0
519 Other information services 1,025 990 30 10 0 30
52 Finance and insurance 10,885 10,530 330 25 0 340
521 Monetary authorities - central bank 10 0 0 0 0 0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities 4,595 4,455 115 20 0 125
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities 1,540 1,510 30 0 0 30
524 Insurance carriers and related activities 4,640 4,450 180 0 0 190
526 Funds and other financial vehicles 105 105 0 0 0 0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 4,770 4,625 125 20 0 140
531 Real estate 4,055 3,915 120 20 0 130
532 Rental and leasing services 695 690 10 0 0 10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) 20 20 0 0 0 0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 18,885 18,450 385 30 25 400
541 Professional, scientific and technical services 18,885 18,450 385 30 25 400
55 Management of companies and enterprises 255 245 0 0 0 0
551 Management of companies and enterprises 255 245 0 0 0 10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 12,995 12,575 330 30 55 345
561 Administrative and support services 12,215 11,790 330 30 60 345
562 Waste management and remediation services 780 780 0 0 0 0
61 Educational services 19,550 18,720 710 110 10 765
611 Educational services 19,550 18,715 715 105 10 770
62 Health care and social assistance 31,330 30,650 570 90 25 615
621 Ambulatory health care services 9,370 9,150 180 35 10 195
622 Hospitals 11,100 10,855 215 20 10 230
623 Nursing and residential care facilities 5,240 5,185 40 10 10 45
624 Social assistance 5,620 5,460 140 20 0 145
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 5,750 5,575 160 10 0 170
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries 1,940 1,875 60 10 0 65
712 Heritage institutions 545 510 30 10 0 30
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries 3,260 3,190 75 0 0 80
72 Accommodation and food services 18,030 17,575 285 30 140 300
721 Accommodation services 2,775 2,665 75 10 35 75
722 Food services and drinking places 15,255 14,910 210 25 110 225
81 Other services (except public administration) 9,755 9,490 205 35 30 220
811 Repair and maintenance 2,340 2,305 30 0 10 30
812 Personal and laundry services 3,460 3,350 85 10 10 90
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations 3,300 3,210 65 25 0 75
814 Private households 655 625 20 0 10 20
91 Public administration 25,410 23,775 1,605 35 10 1,620
911 Federal government public administration 16,385 14,880 1,480 25 0 1,490
912 Provincial and territorial public administration 5,615 5,535 75 0 0 80
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration 3,325 3,270 50 10 0 50
914 Aboriginal public administration 20 25 0 0 0 0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration 60 65 0 0 0 0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 141 209,425 203,185 5,520 490 240 5,760
Worked at home 13,580 13,180 360 30 15 370
Worked outside Canada 1,040 1,000 25 0 10 30
No fixed workplace address 22,215 21,570 570 50 25 595
Worked at usual place 172,585 167,430 4,565 405 185 4,770
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 142 241,390 234,225 6,210 565 395 6,490
English 237,620 231,850 5,160 450 165 5,380
French 1,520 725 745 50 0 770
Non-official language 740 505 0 20 215 10
Aboriginal 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 740 505 0 20 220 10
English and French 915 575 310 35 0 325
English and non-official language 560 540 0 10 10 0
French and non-official language 0 0 0 10 0 0
English, French and non-official language 30 25 0 10 0 0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample DataFootnote 143 241,390 234,220 6,210 565 390 6,495
None 230,960 226,855 3,335 415 360 3,540
English 1,330 820 455 45 15 475
French 7,040 4,575 2,385 85 0 2,420
Non-official language 1,905 1,835 25 20 25 35
Aboriginal 30 25 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 1,870 1,805 25 20 25 35
English and French 0 10 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 0 0 10 0 0 0
French and non-official language 150 135 10 10 0 10
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data 172,585 167,430 4,565 405 185 4,765
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 166,460 161,460 4,415 400 180 4,615
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 155 145 10 0 0 10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 4,150 4,055 85 10 0 90
Commute to a different province or territory 1,820 1,765 55 0 0 55
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataFootnote 144 194,800 189,000 5,135 455 210 5,365
Car, truck, van - as a driver 137,130 133,180 3,640 225 85 3,750
Car, truck, van - as a passenger 14,265 13,860 315 55 35 340
Public transit 22,975 22,200 615 110 55 665
Walked 15,930 15,400 455 60 20 480
Bicycle 1,965 1,915 40 0 10 45
Other method 2,535 2,445 75 0 10 80
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataFootnote 145 194,805 189,005 5,140 455 215 5,365
Less than 15 minutes 48,600 47,310 1,140 85 60 1,180
15 to 29 minutes 79,445 76,895 2,235 235 75 2,355
30 to 44 minutes 42,835 41,540 1,170 90 35 1,215
45 to 59 minutes 13,965 13,585 335 20 25 345
60 minutes and over 9,965 9,670 250 25 15 265
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataFootnote 146 194,800 189,005 5,135 455 210 5,360
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 9,340 9,045 285 10 0 285
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 38,005 36,645 1,280 65 15 1,310
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 58,985 57,060 1,755 130 40 1,820
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 41,875 40,760 950 140 30 1,015
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 19,595 19,045 435 40 70 450
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 27,000 26,440 435 75 50 475
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 147 393,845 381,235 9,480 1,175 1,955 10,070
Non-movers 335,125 325,370 8,010 900 845 8,460
Movers 58,715 55,860 1,475 270 1,110 1,605
Non-migrants 41,640 40,440 900 155 150 975
Migrants 17,070 15,425 575 115 960 630
Internal migrants 12,070 11,460 525 65 20 560
Intraprovincial migrants 4,125 4,045 60 15 0 70
Interprovincial migrants 7,955 7,415 465 50 20 495
External migrants 4,995 3,965 45 45 940 70
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 148 377,835 365,940 9,210 1,095 1,590 9,760
Non-movers 227,440 221,355 5,230 515 340 5,485
Movers 150,395 144,580 3,985 580 1,250 4,275
Non-migrants 99,295 97,045 1,915 195 140 2,010
Migrants 51,105 47,535 2,070 390 1,110 2,265
Internal migrants 36,440 34,345 1,885 185 25 1,980
Intraprovincial migrants 12,005 11,735 245 20 10 260
Interprovincial migrants 24,430 22,610 1,640 170 15 1,725
External migrants 14,660 13,190 185 205 1,080 285

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

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