Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Longueuil

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	406,360	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,285
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	406,360	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,285
0 to 14 years	66,165	6,320	54,765	3,580	1,500	8,115
0 to 4 years	21,905	2,110	17,470	1,005	1,320	2,610
5 to 9 years	22,950	2,245	19,340	1,230	130	2,865
10 to 14 years	21,305	1,965	17,960	1,345	40	2,635
15 to 64 years	267,915	32,895	215,560	17,175	2,280	41,485
15 to 19 years	22,035	2,500	17,540	1,975	20	3,490
20 to 24 years	25,170	2,955	20,090	2,080	45	3,995
25 to 29 years	23,830	2,905	19,145	1,680	95	3,750
30 to 34 years	24,610	3,400	19,140	1,990	80	4,400
35 to 39 years	27,450	3,455	21,445	2,410	140	4,660
40 to 44 years	26,725	3,415	21,025	2,045	240	4,435
45 to 49 years	26,905	3,535	21,385	1,680	305	4,375
50 to 54 years	31,400	4,090	25,460	1,450	400	4,815
55 to 59 years	31,745	3,520	26,770	1,045	415	4,040
60 to 64 years	28,045	3,120	23,560	820	535	3,535
65 years and over	72,280	8,875	59,865	1,615	1,930	9,685
65 to 69 years	24,990	3,200	20,570	655	565	3,530
70 to 74 years	20,485	2,200	17,475	415	395	2,405
75 to 79 years	13,435	1,635	11,100	295	405	1,785
80 to 84 years	7,850	980	6,440	150	285	1,055
85 years and over	5,520	865	4,275	100	285	910
85 to 89 years	3,970	605	3,105	90	170	645
90 to 94 years	1,310	215	1,000	10	90	220
95 to 99 years	215	40	155	0	15	40
100 years and over	25	0	10	0	10	10
Average age	41.6	42.9	41.8	35.0	46.6	not applicable ...
Median age	42.5	43.7	43.0	34.8	55.3	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	340,195	41,775	275,425	18,790	4,205	51,170
Married or living common law	193,880	25,120	154,995	10,875	2,885	30,560
Married	127,740	20,760	94,330	9,855	2,800	25,685
Living common law	66,140	4,360	60,670	1,020	90	4,870
Not married and not living common law	146,315	16,655	120,425	7,920	1,320	20,615
Never married	99,865	11,070	82,090	6,500	205	14,325
Separated	5,165	705	4,110	260	100	830
Divorced	25,770	2,935	21,775	830	235	3,350
Widowed	15,515	1,940	12,455	330	785	2,110
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	340,195	41,775	275,425	18,790	4,205	51,170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	328,020	40,045	266,335	17,580	4,060	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,809	42,993	49,674	37,794	16,294	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,580	30,879	37,281	29,637	14,672	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	328,075	40,060	266,375	17,580	4,060	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,202	34,805	39,481	31,799	15,485	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,421	27,923	32,609	27,267	14,651	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	294,545	35,100	241,090	15,995	2,360	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,105	41,945	47,719	35,727	13,479	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,793	28,465	34,217	26,137	9,397	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	248,385	31,025	199,740	13,740	3,880	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,463	8,048	8,638	6,751	8,849	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,193	6,159	7,631	3,724	8,775	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	236,905	27,695	193,865	13,920	1,425	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,222	43,545	47,543	36,267	15,848	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,753	30,334	34,958	28,221	13,817	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	86.6	85.5	87.0	86.0	48.1	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	69.8	70.1	69.7	76.0	34.2	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	13.4	14.5	13.0	14.0	51.9	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	340,195	41,775	275,425	18,790	4,205	51,170
Without total income	12,175	1,730	9,090	1,210	145	2,330
With total income	328,020	40,050	266,335	17,580	4,060	48,835
Percentage with total income	96.4	95.9	96.7	93.6	96.6	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40,245	6,265	29,555	3,280	1,145	7,900
$10,000 to $19,999	55,450	7,320	43,145	3,055	1,930	8,845
$20,000 to $29,999	45,850	5,980	36,690	2,545	635	7,255
$30,000 to $39,999	40,540	5,095	33,040	2,175	220	6,185
$40,000 to $49,999	36,460	4,015	30,485	1,895	70	4,965
$50,000 to $59,999	28,030	2,905	23,785	1,310	25	3,565
$60,000 to $69,999	20,430	2,065	17,420	935	10	2,535
$70,000 to $79,999	16,285	1,645	13,935	700	10	2,000
$80,000 to $89,999	11,440	1,170	9,755	505	0	1,420
$90,000 to $99,999	7,600	760	6,530	310	10	915
$100,000 and over	25,685	2,820	21,990	860	10	3,255
$100,000 to $149,999	16,860	1,850	14,350	660	10	2,175
$150,000 and over	8,825	975	7,645	205	10	1,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	340,195	41,770	275,425	18,790	4,205	51,170
Without after-tax income	12,120	1,710	9,045	1,210	145	2,315
With after-tax income	328,075	40,060	266,375	17,580	4,060	48,850
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	95.9	96.7	93.6	96.6	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	42,320	6,455	31,385	3,325	1,160	8,115
$10,000 to $19,999	58,235	7,680	45,415	3,190	1,945	9,280
$20,000 to $29,999	55,775	7,270	44,810	3,015	680	8,770
$30,000 to $39,999	52,810	6,195	43,600	2,820	185	7,605
$40,000 to $49,999	40,835	4,325	34,495	1,965	50	5,305
$50,000 to $59,999	27,270	2,785	23,200	1,275	10	3,425
$60,000 to $69,999	18,325	1,890	15,575	845	15	2,310
$70,000 to $79,999	10,850	1,075	9,325	445	0	1,300
$80,000 and over	21,665	2,380	18,565	715	0	2,735
$80,000 to $89,999	6,580	715	5,610	260	0	845
$90,000 to $99,999	4,155	455	3,540	160	0	535
$100,000 and over	10,925	1,210	9,420	295	10	1,355
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	340,195	41,775	275,425	18,795	4,205	51,165
Without employment income	103,290	14,075	81,560	4,875	2,780	16,510
With employment income	236,905	27,695	193,865	13,920	1,425	34,655
Percentage with employment income	69.6	66.3	70.4	74.1	33.9	67.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	31,750	3,565	26,160	1,730	300	4,430
$5,000 to $9,999	18,165	2,170	14,310	1,435	250	2,885
$10,000 to $19,999	31,995	4,290	25,030	2,245	425	5,415
$20,000 to $29,999	26,845	3,685	21,030	1,825	310	4,595
$30,000 to $39,999	26,220	3,055	21,370	1,715	75	3,915
$40,000 to $49,999	23,005	2,630	19,025	1,325	30	3,295
$50,000 to $59,999	18,325	1,960	15,255	1,090	15	2,505
$60,000 to $69,999	13,975	1,425	11,845	695	10	1,770
$70,000 to $79,999	12,700	1,330	10,830	540	0	1,600
$80,000 and over	33,915	3,590	29,005	1,310	10	4,245
$80,000 to $89,999	8,395	880	7,115	400	0	1,080
$90,000 to $99,999	5,690	545	4,895	240	10	665
$100,000 and over	19,835	2,160	17,000	675	10	2,500
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	340,195	41,770	275,425	18,790	4,205	51,170
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	106,115	13,180	86,410	6,135	385	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	51,599	47,310	52,929	44,402	20,708	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	65,360	62,035	67,050	51,434	21,745	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	406,365	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,280
English only	17,445	17,445	0	0	0	17,445
French only	155,765	0	155,770	0	0	0
English and French	227,260	30,615	174,285	22,360	0	41,795
Neither English nor French	5,895	35	140	10	5,705	40
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	406,365	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,280
English	37,115	33,295	3,825	0	0	33,290
French	303,815	3,090	300,720	0	0	3,090
Non-official language	43,310	7,545	12,240	17,820	5,705	16,455
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	43,305	7,545	12,240	17,820	5,705	16,450
English and French	5,900	1,030	2,580	2,295	0	2,180
English and non-official language	2,900	2,875	25	0	0	2,880
French and non-official language	10,105	45	10,060	0	0	40
English, French and non-official language	3,215	220	740	2,255	0	1,345
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	406,360	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,285
None	324,890	28,730	279,665	11,240	5,255	34,350
English	31,875	4,655	25,005	2,150	65	5,735
French	22,735	8,525	9,040	4,990	180	11,015
Non-official language	20,200	4,970	14,310	760	165	5,350
Aboriginal	15	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	20,190	4,970	14,295	760	165	5,345
English and French	3,425	125	205	3,065	35	1,655
English and non-official language	1,965	90	1,855	20	0	95
French and non-official language	1,125	1,000	100	25	0	1,010
English, French and non-official language	140	10	10	125	0	70
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	406,360	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,285
English	29,270	29,050	220	0	0	29,045
French	292,060	65	291,990	0	0	65
Non-official language	73,210	16,235	31,435	19,835	5,705	26,155
Aboriginal	20	0	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	73,190	16,240	31,410	19,835	5,705	26,155
English and French	4,720	1,230	1,675	1,820	0	2,135
English and non-official language	1,295	1,285	10	0	0	1,290
French and non-official language	4,695	25	4,675	0	0	25
English, French and non-official language	1,110	205	190	715	0	565
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	406,360	48,095	330,190	22,375	5,705	59,280
Official languages	400,475	48,060	330,050	22,360	0	59,240
English	244,705	48,055	174,280	22,365	0	59,240
French	383,025	30,615	330,055	22,360	0	41,795
Non-official languages	107,655	21,645	59,325	20,980	5,705	32,135
Aboriginal languages	40	0	35	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	107,625	21,645	59,300	20,980	5,705	32,135
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	406,365	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,280
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	3,270	415	2,840	15	0	420
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	3,025	405	2,610	15	0	410
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	1,515	240	1,270	10	0	240
Métis	1,475	155	1,310	10	0	165
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	80	0	70	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	170	10	165	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	403,095	47,680	327,350	22,360	5,705	58,860
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	406,360	48,095	330,190	22,375	5,705	59,280
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	685	95	590	0	0	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	405,680	48,000	329,605	22,370	5,705	59,190
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	406,360	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,280
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	2,200	90	2,105	10	0	95
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	2,120	85	2,020	10	0	90
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	1,765	75	1,690	0	0	75
Métis single ancestry	315	15	295	10	0	15
Inuit single ancestry	40	0	40	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	80	0	80	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	80	0	80	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	10,625	1,250	9,270	110	0	1,305
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	10,435	1,220	9,100	115	0	1,275
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,115	1,005	8,000	110	10	1,060
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,230	190	1,045	0	0	190
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	25	60	0	0	25
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	195	25	165	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	10	140	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	20	25	0	0	15
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	393,535	46,760	318,820	22,255	5,705	57,885
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	406,365	48,095	330,190	22,375	5,705	59,280
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	383,350	43,610	317,180	18,870	3,685	53,045
Canadian citizens only	357,615	40,200	300,920	13,360	3,125	46,885
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	25,735	3,405	16,260	5,510	560	6,165
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	23,015	4,485	13,010	3,500	2,020	6,235
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	406,360	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,280
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	321,105	30,030	283,805	6,010	1,255	33,040
Immigrants^Footnote 42	82,285	17,240	44,890	16,000	4,165	25,235
Before 1981	17,075	5,875	8,490	2,285	420	7,015
1981 to 1990	9,615	2,205	4,990	1,765	650	3,090
1991 to 2000	14,420	3,300	7,040	3,010	1,070	4,805
2001 to 2010	25,840	3,695	14,780	6,435	930	6,915
2001 to 2005	11,850	1,785	6,520	3,105	440	3,340
2006 to 2010	13,990	1,910	8,260	3,330	490	3,575
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	15,340	2,160	9,585	2,505	1,090	3,415
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	2,970	825	1,500	365	285	1,005
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	82,285	17,240	44,890	16,000	4,160	25,235
Under 5 years	8,190	1,190	5,580	1,290	130	1,830
5 to 14 years	13,660	2,215	7,650	3,680	105	4,055
15 to 24 years	15,465	4,320	7,615	3,160	370	5,900
25 to 44 years	39,310	8,415	21,650	7,465	1,775	12,155
45 years and over	5,665	1,095	2,390	400	1,780	1,295
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	82,290	17,240	44,890	15,995	4,160	25,235
Americas	19,060	2,745	11,900	4,000	415	4,750
Brazil	630	50	225	340	15	225
Colombia	3,250	155	1,930	1,030	135	665
El Salvador	425	35	230	140	20	105
Guyana	250	250	0	0	0	255
Haiti	5,060	70	4,675	240	75	185
Jamaica	205	200	0	0	0	200
Mexico	1,175	90	710	340	30	265
Peru	1,745	100	1,090	470	80	335
Trinidad and Tobago	440	440	0	0	0	440
United States^Footnote 47	1,255	730	440	85	0	775
Other places of birth in Americas	4,630	635	2,595	1,340	60	1,305
Europe	19,545	4,060	11,295	3,885	315	5,995
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	15	20	15	0	20
Croatia	140	75	30	40	0	95
France	5,480	30	5,415	30	0	45
Germany	625	355	230	45	0	375
Greece	1,035	595	70	245	125	715
Hungary	195	130	35	15	10	140
Ireland^Footnote 48	60	50	0	10	0	55
Italy	1,075	300	525	235	25	415
Netherlands	85	35	40	0	0	40
Poland	620	250	205	165	0	335
Portugal	1,335	275	730	300	30	425
Romania	2,980	155	1,470	1,305	50	810
Russian Federation	875	190	285	370	30	375
Serbia^Footnote 49	95	25	40	30	0	40
Ukraine	660	145	295	220	10	255
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	880	805	45	30	0	820
Other places of birth in Europe	3,365	630	1,860	845	35	1,055
Africa	19,140	1,165	15,605	2,185	180	2,260
Algeria	3,540	50	3,200	270	20	190
Egypt	1,680	505	730	375	70	695
Ethiopia	40	10	15	10	0	20
Kenya	80	65	15	0	0	65
Morocco	4,495	30	3,850	560	50	315
Nigeria	30	20	0	0	0	20
Somalia	15	0	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	40	10	0	0	40
Other places of birth in Africa	9,210	435	7,780	955	40	915
Asia	24,450	9,210	6,055	5,930	3,255	12,175
Afghanistan	2,330	405	635	945	345	880
Bangladesh	395	280	35	70	15	315
China^Footnote 51	7,480	2,960	1,220	1,460	1,840	3,695
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	1,465	885	40	360	170	1,065
India	1,180	950	20	160	50	1,030
Iran^Footnote 53	950	295	235	375	45	480
Iraq	265	140	65	35	30	155
Japan	140	65	35	30	0	80
Korea, South^Footnote 54	410	190	70	115	30	250
Lebanon	1,470	190	970	280	30	330
Pakistan	935	510	165	220	35	620
Philippines	865	760	55	35	15	775
Sri Lanka	220	160	20	25	10	180
Syria^Footnote 55	390	60	125	70	135	95
Taiwan	540	210	80	150	100	285
Viet Nam	2,445	325	1,010	890	230	770
Other places of birth in Asia	2,965	815	1,265	700	180	1,165
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	85	50	35	0	0	50
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	15,340	2,165	9,585	2,505	1,090	3,415
Americas	3,940	420	2,365	990	165	915
Brazil	200	25	65	90	15	75
Colombia	1,165	35	740	325	60	200
Cuba	220	35	110	65	10	65
Haiti	850	0	780	55	15	30
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	315	15	165	115	25	70
United States^Footnote 58	195	120	50	30	0	130
Venezuela^Footnote 59	345	40	155	145	10	110
Other places of birth in Americas	635	145	290	160	40	225
Europe	2,335	260	1,660	350	70	435
France	910	10	905	10	10	10
Germany	45	20	15	10	0	25
Ireland^Footnote 60	10	10	0	10	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	205	15	155	35	0	30
Romania	310	0	205	80	25	40
Russian Federation	160	25	40	75	15	65
Ukraine	195	60	90	40	0	80
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	45	40	0	0	0	40
Other places of birth in Europe	450	95	240	105	15	145
Africa	5,665	260	4,850	490	60	500
Algeria	680	15	635	20	0	30
Cameroon	710	15	700	0	0	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	165	0	140	20	0	10
Côte d'Ivoire	580	0	585	0	0	0
Egypt	290	95	110	70	15	130
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	920	15	785	85	35	55
Nigeria	10	10	10	0	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	270	0	205	65	0	30
Other places of birth in Africa	2,025	105	1,680	230	10	220
Asia	3,380	1,205	700	680	790	1,545
Afghanistan	410	110	70	110	120	165
Bangladesh	20	20	0	0	0	20
China^Footnote 63	1,435	560	210	210	460	665
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	15	15	0	0	0	15
India	105	65	0	30	0	85
Iran^Footnote 65	255	80	40	135	10	145
Iraq	10	0	0	0	10	0
Israel	45	0	25	15	0	15
Japan	30	20	15	0	0	15
Korea, South^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	125	15	60	45	10	35
Nepal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	195	80	75	10	30	80
Philippines	75	60	10	0	0	60
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	210	25	40	20	130	30
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	25	0	15	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	35	25	10	10	0	30
Viet Nam	155	35	55	45	25	55
Other places of birth in Asia	190	70	65	45	15	95
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	25	10	15	0	0	15
Australia	20	15	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	406,365	48,095	330,195	22,370	5,705	59,280
First generation^Footnote 71	87,005	18,550	47,560	16,440	4,460	26,765
Second generation^Footnote 72	52,335	12,780	33,540	4,800	1,215	15,185
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	267,025	16,765	249,100	1,130	30	17,330
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	66,565	11,530	37,290	13,935	3,810	18,500
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	39,345	6,350	22,695	9,070	1,235	10,885
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	17,145	3,160	9,705	3,775	510	5,045
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	22,200	3,190	12,990	5,295	725	5,840
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	16,745	3,855	9,100	2,090	1,700	4,905
Refugees^Footnote 79	9,785	1,210	5,140	2,650	790	2,535
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	695	115	360	130	90	180
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	406,360	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,280
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	85,175	18,160	47,525	14,610	4,880	25,460
South Asian^Footnote 83	6,075	3,715	1,095	1,055	215	4,240
Chinese	15,900	5,810	3,595	3,865	2,635	7,740
Black	22,075	2,855	18,500	615	105	3,160
Filipino	1,335	1,170	110	50	10	1,190
Latin American	12,215	740	7,475	3,415	590	2,445
Arab	13,370	1,280	9,675	2,005	415	2,280
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	5,505	645	3,300	1,240	320	1,270
West Asian^Footnote 85	4,215	690	1,485	1,555	490	1,465
Korean	685	300	205	140	35	375
Japanese	315	100	160	50	0	125
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	1,210	265	720	215	10	375
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	2,270	590	1,215	400	70	785
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	321,190	29,935	282,665	7,765	825	33,815
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	406,365	48,095	330,190	22,370	5,705	59,280
North American Aboriginal origins	12,830	1,335	11,370	120	0	1,395
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,150	1,110	9,930	110	0	1,160
Inuit	175	40	135	0	0	45
Métis	1,770	210	1,555	10	0	215
Other North American origins	214,385	10,645	202,520	1,125	90	11,210
Acadian	1,740	140	1,595	10	0	145
American	2,405	800	1,585	20	0	810
Canadian	203,235	9,865	192,240	1,055	75	10,395
New Brunswicker	65	0	65	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	25	25	10	0	0	20
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	70	0	65	0	0	0
Québécois	10,075	135	9,875	45	20	160
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	164,770	27,160	129,210	7,685	715	31,005
British Isles origins	40,535	14,610	25,190	730	10	14,980
Channel Islander	30	0	30	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	10	0	0	0
English	13,115	7,085	5,605	425	0	7,295
Irish	23,780	6,990	16,500	290	10	7,135
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	11,135	5,420	5,530	180	0	5,515
Welsh	515	415	95	0	0	420
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	1,930	1,455	440	30	0	1,475
French origins	103,110	6,105	96,050	935	20	6,570
Alsatian	75	0	75	0	0	0
Breton	635	10	630	0	0	0
Corsican	45	0	45	0	0	0
French	102,620	6,100	95,560	935	25	6,570
Western European origins (except French origins)	13,585	3,250	9,735	585	10	3,540
Austrian	690	295	335	55	0	325
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	3,530	310	3,200	15	0	320
Dutch	1,330	565	735	30	0	580
Flemish	95	10	85	0	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	7,545	2,165	4,885	485	10	2,405
Luxembourger	30	10	25	0	0	10
Swiss	1,205	175	970	55	0	205
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,135	635	475	25	0	645
Danish	330	195	125	10	0	200
Finnish	130	85	45	10	0	90
Icelandic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	375	225	145	10	0	225
Swedish	245	130	110	0	0	135
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	60	10	55	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	15,470	4,360	7,450	3,365	290	6,045
Bulgarian	1,035	180	430	395	25	380
Byelorussian	135	30	75	30	0	45
Czech	335	120	145	70	0	155
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	105	50	45	10	0	55
Estonian	75	50	25	0	0	45
Hungarian	1,315	560	585	160	10	640
Latvian	50	25	20	0	0	25
Lithuanian	505	225	235	55	0	250
Moldovan	540	35	325	155	25	115
Polish	3,735	1,580	1,780	365	15	1,765
Romanian	4,300	320	2,370	1,480	130	1,065
Russian	2,780	790	1,195	705	95	1,145
Slovak	260	130	95	35	0	145
Ukrainian	2,775	1,110	1,185	455	25	1,335
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	15	10	10	10	0	10
Southern European origins	29,755	8,695	17,275	3,360	420	10,375
Albanian	195	55	65	65	10	90
Bosnian	65	35	25	10	0	40
Catalan	35	0	15	20	0	0
Croatian	445	155	195	95	0	200
Cypriot	40	20	20	10	10	20
Greek	3,860	2,210	920	575	155	2,495
Italian	15,105	4,120	9,825	1,070	85	4,655
Kosovar	15	0	10	10	0	0
Macedonian	60	20	30	10	0	25
Maltese	55	20	40	0	0	25
Montenegrin	20	20	0	0	0	20
Portuguese	4,835	1,305	2,785	685	65	1,645
Serbian	260	90	100	65	0	125
Sicilian	115	45	70	0	0	45
Slovenian	330	245	65	20	0	255
Spanish	6,265	900	4,090	1,145	130	1,470
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	195	65	120	10	0	75
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,160	230	745	175	15	310
Basque	180	0	160	15	0	10
Jewish	625	160	300	155	20	235
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	10	0	0	0	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	360	60	290	0	0	65
Caribbean origins	13,420	2,265	10,410	655	90	2,590
Antiguan	50	35	10	0	0	35
Bahamian	55	30	0	10	0	35
Barbadian	340	330	10	0	0	330
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	30	30	0	0	0	30
Cuban	825	85	480	245	15	210
Dominican	820	75	630	115	0	130
Grenadian	130	115	10	0	0	115
Guadeloupean	140	10	135	0	0	10
Haitian	9,575	225	9,010	270	70	360
Jamaican	755	590	135	25	0	605
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	130	15	115	0	0	15
Montserratan	35	35	0	0	0	35
Puerto Rican	20	10	10	10	0	10
St. Lucian	30	25	0	0	0	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	545	450	95	0	0	455
Vincentian/Grenadinian	140	140	0	0	0	140
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	500	350	125	20	0	365
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	250	85	165	0	0	85
Latin, Central and South American origins	15,390	1,535	9,420	3,780	650	3,425
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	480	65	230	155	25	145
Arawak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	370	40	220	110	0	100
Belizean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	90	35	35	15	0	40
Brazilian	770	50	410	285	25	190
Chilean	1,960	50	1,530	330	45	220
Colombian	4,270	215	2,575	1,180	305	805
Costa Rican	105	10	65	25	10	15
Ecuadorian	150	30	95	20	10	35
Guatemalan	460	20	345	80	20	60
Guyanese	405	365	40	0	0	365
Hispanic	45	15	15	15	0	25
Honduran	150	0	100	35	10	25
Maya	100	0	95	10	0	10
Mexican	1,840	200	1,160	425	50	415
Nicaraguan	140	30	85	25	0	40
Panamanian	120	40	65	15	0	45
Paraguayan	35	0	15	20	0	10
Peruvian	2,560	185	1,735	535	110	445
Salvadorean	820	75	470	235	45	190
Uruguayan	70	0	55	10	10	10
Venezuelan	1,195	130	570	460	35	360
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	385	40	230	110	10	95
African origins	27,165	2,210	22,545	2,125	295	3,270
Central and West African origins	6,625	190	6,275	145	20	265
Akan	50	0	55	0	0	0
Angolan	50	0	35	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	380	0	380	0	0	0
Burkinabe	255	10	240	0	0	10
Cameroonian	1,840	15	1,810	10	0	25
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	965	30	925	15	0	35
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	0	15	0	0	0
Gabonese	85	0	80	0	0	0
Gambian	40	15	20	0	0	20
Ghanaian	75	30	45	0	0	30
Guinean	400	20	360	20	0	35
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	825	0	810	0	0	10
Liberian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malian	290	10	280	10	0	10
Malinké	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nigerian	150	30	115	0	0	35
Peulh	130	0	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	855	25	740	70	20	60
Sierra Leonean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Togolese	315	15	300	0	0	15
Wolof	65	0	55	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	0	30	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	500	20	455	20	0	25
North African origins	14,590	985	11,895	1,475	240	1,725
Algerian	3,570	70	3,260	220	30	180
Berber	2,135	35	1,950	125	25	95
Coptic	105	40	30	25	10	55
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	2,415	685	1,205	445	95	905
Libyan	70	35	10	25	0	55
Maure	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	5,640	75	4,955	525	85	340
Sudanese	65	15	15	30	0	35
Tunisian	1,150	45	975	115	10	105
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	150	35	110	10	0	40
Southern and East African origins	2,560	425	1,750	370	15	615
Afrikaner	20	10	10	0	0	15
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	100	0	100	0	0	0
Burundian	315	20	280	15	0	30
Djiboutian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Eritrean	115	75	15	10	10	85
Ethiopian	60	20	30	10	0	25
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	70	55	15	0	0	55
Malagasy	560	25	500	35	0	40
Mauritian	830	125	480	220	0	240
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	310	25	235	50	0	50
Seychellois	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somali	65	0	55	0	10	0
South African	85	35	25	25	0	45
Tanzanian	20	0	0	0	0	10
Tigrian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ugandan	15	10	10	0	0	10
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	25	25	0	0	0	25
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	50	0	45	0	0	10
Other African origins	3,735	655	2,890	165	25	735
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	255	115	120	10	15	120
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	3,525	550	2,815	155	10	630
Asian origins	46,735	15,005	17,765	9,840	4,125	19,925
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	14,730	2,640	7,855	3,290	945	4,290
Afghan	3,510	495	1,265	1,290	455	1,140
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	2,965	295	2,175	400	100	500
Armenian	1,030	295	530	185	15	390
Assyrian	25	0	10	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	35	10	15	10	0	10
Georgian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Hazara	245	30	80	85	45	75
Iranian	1,440	420	460	465	100	650
Iraqi	395	110	140	110	35	160
Israeli	60	25	30	0	10	25
Jordanian	110	45	25	30	10	60
Kazakh	15	0	0	10	0	0
Kurd	65	10	50	10	0	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	3,535	495	2,445	510	75	755
Palestinian	550	265	175	60	45	295
Pashtun	75	25	0	30	20	40
Saudi Arabian	45	25	10	10	0	25
Syrian	930	140	570	110	105	195
Tajik	70	0	45	15	0	15
Tatar	40	0	20	15	0	15
Turk	535	110	275	125	25	175
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	50	25	15	10	10	25
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	120	70	40	0	10	75
South Asian origins	6,715	4,045	1,460	1,035	175	4,565
Bangladeshi	275	170	20	65	15	205
Bengali	220	135	30	60	0	165
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	4,660	2,720	1,225	625	85	3,040
Goan	25	20	0	0	0	25
Gujarati	60	20	10	25	0	35
Kashmiri	15	15	0	0	0	15
Nepali	30	15	15	0	0	15
Pakistani	1,150	735	115	255	50	860
Punjabi	140	90	0	35	10	110
Sinhalese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	340	220	50	60	10	250
Tamil	35	20	0	20	0	30
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	150	125	15	10	10	130
East and Southeast Asian origins	25,695	8,525	8,585	5,555	3,025	11,305
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	990	70	785	80	60	105
Chinese	17,890	6,185	4,890	4,105	2,710	8,235
Filipino	1,535	1,315	150	60	10	1,345
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	110	35	70	0	0	35
Japanese	450	145	210	85	10	185
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	770	345	230	155	45	420
Laotian	890	40	685	115	55	95
Malaysian	40	15	10	10	0	20
Mongolian	60	25	35	0	0	25
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	340	145	70	100	25	190
Thai	155	65	85	10	0	70
Tibetan	25	10	10	10	0	10
Vietnamese	4,140	505	2,365	1,055	210	1,030
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	95	25	35	20	15	35
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	100	20	40	20	10	35
Oceania origins	140	45	85	15	0	50
Australian	105	40	55	0	0	40
New Zealander	25	10	10	10	0	15
Pacific Islands origins	15	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	340,195	41,775	275,425	18,790	4,210	51,170
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,920	5,710	46,470	2,450	2,295	6,930
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	71,970	11,115	56,340	3,540	975	12,890
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	211,305	24,945	172,615	12,800	940	31,350
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	44,950	3,640	39,785	1,365	165	4,315
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	32,575	2,485	29,035	945	110	2,955
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	12,375	1,150	10,745	420	60	1,365
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	61,355	7,845	50,055	3,230	230	9,455
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,180	1,285	13,020	765	115	1,665
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	89,815	12,180	69,755	7,440	430	15,905
Bachelor's degree	57,325	7,880	44,845	4,280	325	10,020
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,255	925	6,405	895	30	1,370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,255	205	1,740	295	15	355
Master's degree	19,090	2,650	14,755	1,635	50	3,470
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	2,880	525	2,005	340	10	695
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	340,195	41,775	275,425	18,790	4,205	51,170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	128,890	16,825	102,810	5,990	3,265	19,820
Education	13,120	1,405	11,250	400	65	1,610
13. Education	13,125	1,410	11,250	405	60	1,610
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,085	1,180	7,395	480	20	1,420
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,695	135	1,490	70	0	170
50. Visual and performing arts	7,385	1,045	5,910	410	20	1,250
Humanities	12,330	1,560	10,085	645	35	1,885
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,150	335	1,625	170	20	420
23. English language and literature/letters	590	295	200	95	0	345
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,955	475	5,220	250	10	600
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	65	10	45	10	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	485	65	420	10	0	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	495	90	400	0	0	95
54. History	965	220	715	20	10	230
55. French language and literature/letters	1,620	75	1,465	85	0	115
Social and behavioural sciences and law	22,390	3,235	17,675	1,390	85	3,935
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	15	185	0	10	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,165	230	2,825	105	0	280
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,695	370	3,110	180	35	460
22. Legal professions and studies	4,925	300	4,320	295	15	445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	515	25	445	40	0	50
42. Psychology	3,125	540	2,460	120	0	600
45. Social sciences	6,765	1,760	4,330	650	30	2,085
Business, management and public administration	55,750	6,365	45,880	3,310	200	8,020
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	20	25	0	0	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,160	155	1,950	50	0	180
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	53,545	6,190	43,915	3,255	195	7,815
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,440	1,275	6,280	835	55	1,690
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,605	400	1,940	265	0	535
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,830	330	1,315	180	10	415
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	810	15	735	60	0	45
40. Physical sciences	2,865	500	2,015	305	40	650
41. Science technologies/technicians	330	30	275	25	0	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,800	1,760	8,055	960	25	2,240
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,875	1,475	6,560	825	10	1,885
25. Library science	680	50	615	10	0	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,070	210	740	105	15	265
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	175	20	130	20	0	35
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	40,015	4,665	32,335	2,800	220	6,065
04. Architecture and related services	1,855	170	1,540	140	10	235
14. Engineering	12,155	2,050	8,105	1,855	140	2,980
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	7,255	680	6,240	315	20	835
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	10	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	7,495	590	6,740	150	10	670
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,855	715	5,880	225	35	825
48. Precision production	4,395	455	3,825	115	10	515
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,100	195	1,750	135	20	260
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,425	120	1,180	105	15	180
03. Natural resources and conservation	675	70	575	30	0	85
Health and related fields	24,925	2,315	21,030	1,440	135	3,035
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,450	185	1,205	45	10	210
51. Health professions and related programs	22,835	2,060	19,325	1,320	125	2,730
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	635	65	505	75	0	95
Personal, protective and transportation services	12,325	990	10,850	410	80	1,195
12. Personal and culinary services	7,340	655	6,380	250	60	775
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	85	10	70	0	0	10
43. Security and protective services	2,430	120	2,250	55	10	145
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,470	215	2,150	100	10	265
Other	25	0	25	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	0	25	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	340,195	41,770	275,425	18,790	4,205	51,170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	128,890	16,825	102,805	5,990	3,265	19,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	211,305	24,945	172,615	12,805	940	31,350
Location of study inside Canada	184,620	18,320	158,715	7,545	35	22,090
Same as province or territory of residence	179,480	16,540	155,605	7,295	35	20,190
Different than province or territory of residence	5,140	1,780	3,115	245	0	1,905
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	26,685	6,625	13,900	5,260	905	9,255
United States^Footnote 130	1,625	725	760	135	0	790
Philippines	455	445	0	0	0	450
India	485	425	10	50	0	450
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	850	570	175	105	0	620
China^Footnote 132	2,285	1,170	185	410	520	1,380
France	3,960	80	3,620	265	0	205
Other	17,030	3,215	9,145	4,285	380	5,360
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	340,195	41,770	275,420	18,790	4,210	not applicable ...
In the labour force	217,525	26,125	176,585	13,620	1,195	not applicable ...
Employed	202,675	24,090	165,025	12,485	1,075	not applicable ...
Unemployed	14,850	2,040	11,560	1,130	120	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	122,670	15,645	98,835	5,175	3,010	not applicable ...
Participation rate	63.9	62.5	64.1	72.5	28.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	59.6	57.7	59.9	66.4	25.5	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.8	6.5	8.3	10.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	340,195	41,775	275,420	18,790	4,205	51,170
Did not work^Footnote 135	115,470	15,000	92,490	5,085	2,890	17,540
Worked	224,730	26,775	182,930	13,705	1,320	33,630
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	108,295	13,605	87,985	6,310	395	16,765
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	116,435	13,165	94,945	7,400	925	16,865
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.0	42.8	41.3	37.7	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	231,100	27,675	187,720	14,290	1,405	34,825
a.Management	24,970	3,635	19,985	1,225	125	4,245
00 Senior management occupations	4,520	590	3,800	110	20	645
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	9,825	1,230	8,230	355	10	1,405
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	7,205	1,330	5,225	580	75	1,615
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	3,420	490	2,730	180	25	580
b.Professional	49,760	5,885	40,300	3,530	45	7,655
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	11,505	1,365	9,345	785	10	1,760
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	12,500	1,765	9,325	1,405	10	2,465
30 Professional occupations in nursing	3,500	290	3,030	180	0	380
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	3,710	250	3,140	310	15	405
40 Professional occupations in education services	8,675	1,175	7,060	430	10	1,390
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	6,365	650	5,450	270	0	780
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	3,500	390	2,945	150	10	470
c.Technical and paraprofessional	26,375	2,485	22,240	1,625	25	3,305
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	7,290	855	5,865	575	0	1,140
32 Technical occupations in health	4,465	295	3,905	270	0	425
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	7,045	630	5,980	410	20	840
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,485	115	1,340	35	0	130
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,090	600	5,145	335	0	770
d.Administration and administrative support	32,320	3,845	26,515	1,890	70	4,785
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	15,150	1,625	12,700	785	30	2,020
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,300	275	1,895	125	0	340
14 Office support occupations	9,860	1,430	7,715	705	15	1,780
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	5,015	515	4,205	275	20	650
e.Sales	25,100	3,205	20,000	1,795	100	4,105
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	4,755	755	3,635	365	0	940
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	10,755	1,395	8,520	815	30	1,800
66 Sales support occupations	9,590	1,060	7,845	620	65	1,365
f.Personal and customer information services	39,245	5,540	30,035	2,915	755	6,995
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	3,855	320	3,325	205	0	425
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,690	445	2,110	95	35	490
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	7,865	1,420	5,210	765	465	1,805
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	12,555	1,845	9,645	995	70	2,340
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	12,285	1,505	9,740	855	185	1,935
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	13,025	1,070	11,555	360	40	1,255
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	7,955	575	7,165	195	25	670
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	5,065	495	4,390	165	15	580
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	11,315	1,100	9,695	485	30	1,345
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	3,225	365	2,760	75	20	405
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	6,165	590	5,190	370	15	775
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,930	145	1,745	40	0	165
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,430	140	1,240	40	10	160
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	235	45	185	0	0	45
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	240	15	190	25	10	30
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	950	80	860	10	0	85
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,550	760	6,160	420	205	975
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,000	40	895	55	0	65
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	2,325	285	1,770	150	120	360
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,690	185	1,400	80	20	225
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	2,545	255	2,095	130	60	320
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	231,095	27,680	187,715	14,295	1,405	34,825
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	755	60	635	40	15	80
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	580	50	480	35	10	70
113 Forestry and logging	45	0	45	10	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	15	0	10	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	110	10	100	0	10	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	300	40	235	20	0	50
211 Oil and gas extraction	15	0	10	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	170	20	145	0	0	20
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	120	20	80	20	0	25
22 Utilities	2,520	90	2,370	60	0	120
221 Utilities	2,525	90	2,365	60	0	120
23 Construction	10,750	960	9,410	375	10	1,145
236 Construction of buildings	3,595	355	3,090	155	0	425
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	920	60	815	45	0	85
238 Specialty trade contractors	6,230	550	5,495	180	0	640
31-33 Manufacturing	21,160	2,440	17,135	1,315	275	3,095
311 Food manufacturing	3,355	255	2,810	230	60	370
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	450	40	405	15	0	40
313 Textile mills	70	15	55	0	0	10
314 Textile product mills	135	35	100	0	0	35
315 Clothing manufacturing	715	185	360	65	105	215
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	55	10	30	10	0	20
321 Wood product manufacturing	375	45	315	20	0	55
322 Paper manufacturing	575	80	455	30	0	95
323 Printing and related support activities	1,245	100	1,105	35	0	120
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	95	0	80	10	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,580	130	1,335	105	10	180
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	840	80	675	65	25	115
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	525	55	445	30	0	70
331 Primary metal manufacturing	540	75	425	40	0	95
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,550	175	1,285	75	10	215
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,550	225	1,195	115	15	280
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	985	140	755	80	10	180
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	830	70	675	85	0	110
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	3,720	535	2,955	230	0	650
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	820	40	745	35	0	60
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,155	145	925	55	25	170
41 Wholesale trade	9,040	1,425	7,015	545	55	1,700
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	95	25	50	15	0	35
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	65	10	50	10	0	15
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,685	230	1,335	105	15	280
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,855	355	1,345	150	10	430
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	785	75	685	25	0	85
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,430	170	1,205	60	0	195
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,645	305	1,235	105	0	355
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,030	155	795	60	15	185
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	445	100	320	20	0	110
44-45 Retail trade	29,215	3,410	23,870	1,780	170	4,295
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,335	260	2,000	75	0	295
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,340	130	1,135	75	0	165
443 Electronics and appliance stores	845	165	605	70	0	200
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	2,210	165	1,985	60	0	195
445 Food and beverage stores	7,600	785	6,200	535	85	1,050
446 Health and personal care stores	3,400	260	2,925	195	20	355
447 Gasoline stations	580	55	485	35	0	75
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	4,130	605	3,120	365	35	795
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,445	225	1,175	45	0	245
452 General merchandise stores	3,145	405	2,545	185	0	495
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	1,600	220	1,290	85	10	260
454 Non-store retailers	580	135	400	40	0	155
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10,295	1,535	8,065	690	10	1,875
481 Air transportation	665	135	485	45	0	155
482 Rail transportation	675	165	480	30	0	180
483 Water transportation	175	60	105	15	0	70
484 Truck transportation	2,355	320	1,845	185	0	410
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,960	140	2,615	205	0	240
486 Pipeline transportation	10	0	10	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	25	10	25	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,535	370	1,050	115	0	430
491 Postal service	625	40	555	30	0	55
492 Couriers and messengers	750	190	505	50	10	220
493 Warehousing and storage	510	100	400	10	0	110
51 Information and cultural industries	8,550	1,075	7,055	410	10	1,275
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,680	300	1,295	80	10	340
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,515	160	1,295	65	0	190
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,350	55	1,280	10	0	60
517 Telecommunications	3,250	420	2,610	220	0	530
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	90	20	55	15	0	25
519 Other information services	660	120	520	20	0	130
52 Finance and insurance	13,715	1,835	10,865	1,000	10	2,335
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	7,265	955	5,705	605	10	1,255
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,075	325	1,580	155	0	410
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	4,260	545	3,470	245	10	665
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	115	10	100	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,145	600	3,225	295	25	745
531 Real estate	3,490	515	2,680	270	25	650
532 Rental and leasing services	625	75	530	20	0	85
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	25	10	15	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	21,870	3,025	17,220	1,600	30	3,820
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	21,875	3,020	17,220	1,600	30	3,825
55 Management of companies and enterprises	240	35	185	20	0	50
551 Management of companies and enterprises	235	40	185	15	0	45
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,825	1,360	8,655	745	65	1,735
561 Administrative and support services	10,225	1,325	8,110	730	60	1,690
562 Waste management and remediation services	600	30	550	15	10	45
61 Educational services	16,155	2,320	13,060	770	10	2,705
611 Educational services	16,155	2,320	13,060	770	10	2,705
62 Health care and social assistance	27,830	2,220	24,040	1,525	40	2,980
621 Ambulatory health care services	6,760	510	5,790	450	10	735
622 Hospitals	10,605	905	9,195	505	10	1,155
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	4,005	235	3,620	145	0	305
624 Social assistance	6,460	570	5,440	425	25	785
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,800	435	5,040	320	10	600
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	2,010	140	1,770	95	0	185
712 Heritage institutions	345	20	310	15	0	30
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,450	275	2,960	215	0	380
72 Accommodation and food services	15,965	2,865	10,855	1,680	570	3,700
721 Accommodation services	1,545	290	1,080	175	10	370
722 Food services and drinking places	14,420	2,575	9,775	1,505	565	3,325
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,445	1,185	7,685	475	95	1,430
811 Repair and maintenance	2,460	310	1,990	125	30	375
812 Personal and laundry services	3,015	435	2,345	200	40	530
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,405	315	2,965	135	0	380
814 Private households	565	135	385	20	25	145
91 Public administration	12,520	775	11,110	625	10	1,090
911 Federal government public administration	4,100	515	3,310	275	0	650
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	3,615	75	3,335	205	0	180
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	4,730	165	4,425	140	10	230
914 Aboriginal public administration	10	0	10	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	60	20	30	10	0	25
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	202,675	24,085	165,025	12,485	1,080	30,330
Worked at home	13,540	1,890	10,740	730	185	2,250
Worked outside Canada	675	210	375	65	25	245
No fixed workplace address	16,270	2,000	13,165	1,015	85	2,505
Worked at usual place	172,190	19,985	140,745	10,675	775	25,330
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	231,095	27,675	187,715	14,295	1,405	34,825
English	26,115	14,155	9,465	2,385	105	15,350
French	179,440	8,065	164,500	6,675	195	11,405
Non-official language	2,355	705	310	325	1,015	870
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,355	705	310	325	1,010	870
English and French	21,310	4,225	12,755	4,305	20	6,380
English and non-official language	530	370	40	105	15	425
French and non-official language	470	30	335	70	40	65
English, French and non-official language	885	125	310	420	25	340
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	231,095	27,675	187,720	14,290	1,405	34,825
None	138,135	12,980	116,415	7,625	1,115	16,795
English	71,805	6,390	61,340	3,950	125	8,365
French	16,620	7,085	7,875	1,620	40	7,895
Non-official language	3,020	940	1,290	690	95	1,290
Aboriginal	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,015	945	1,285	695	95	1,290
English and French	130	45	15	45	20	65
English and non-official language	1,055	105	710	235	10	215
French and non-official language	325	135	70	125	0	195
English, French and non-official language	15	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	172,190	19,985	140,745	10,675	780	25,330
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	49,125	4,100	42,540	2,290	200	5,240
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	32,990	3,265	27,815	1,760	150	4,140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	89,615	12,480	70,120	6,585	430	15,770
Commute to a different province or territory	460	145	275	40	0	170
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	188,460	21,990	153,915	11,690	860	27,840
Car, truck, van - as a driver	128,520	13,560	107,270	7,140	550	17,130
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	6,405	1,005	4,860	470	80	1,235
Public transit	42,925	6,420	32,605	3,710	185	8,275
Walked	6,560	650	5,675	200	45	750
Bicycle	2,665	180	2,370	115	0	235
Other method	1,380	175	1,135	65	10	205
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	188,460	21,990	153,915	11,695	860	27,840
Less than 15 minutes	35,590	3,465	30,445	1,525	155	4,225
15 to 29 minutes	61,515	5,885	52,085	3,260	290	7,515
30 to 44 minutes	45,680	5,760	36,630	3,100	185	7,315
45 to 59 minutes	26,035	3,605	20,385	1,970	70	4,590
60 minutes and over	19,650	3,275	14,375	1,835	160	4,195
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	188,460	21,985	153,915	11,695	865	27,835
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	12,410	1,285	10,610	480	35	1,525
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	33,140	3,365	27,980	1,645	150	4,185
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	57,010	5,945	47,390	3,550	130	7,720
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	37,920	4,725	30,590	2,480	130	5,960
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	21,155	3,750	15,260	1,845	305	4,665
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	26,830	2,925	22,085	1,700	120	3,775
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	402,315	47,740	327,060	22,175	5,335	58,825
Non-movers	357,130	42,735	290,540	19,345	4,510	52,405
Movers	45,190	5,005	36,520	2,830	825	6,420
Non-migrants	23,320	2,195	19,320	1,555	250	2,975
Migrants	21,865	2,815	17,200	1,270	580	3,450
Internal migrants	18,560	2,070	15,365	1,020	105	2,580
Intraprovincial migrants	17,765	1,680	15,025	955	100	2,165
Interprovincial migrants	800	390	345	65	0	420
External migrants	3,305	745	1,835	255	475	870
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	384,455	45,985	312,725	21,360	4,385	56,665
Non-movers	244,815	30,700	199,945	11,880	2,290	36,640
Movers	139,640	15,280	112,780	9,485	2,095	20,025
Non-migrants	69,785	6,650	58,265	4,145	725	8,725
Migrants	69,855	8,635	54,515	5,335	1,370	11,305
Internal migrants	55,580	6,215	45,935	3,100	330	7,765
Intraprovincial migrants	53,445	5,180	44,975	2,985	310	6,670
Interprovincial migrants	2,135	1,040	955	110	25	1,095
External migrants	14,275	2,420	8,580	2,235	1,035	3,535

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Longueuil

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.4%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.