Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Laval

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	410,850	72,620	293,040	36,995	8,195	91,115
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	410,850	72,620	293,035	36,995	8,195	91,115
0 to 14 years	73,355	13,110	52,740	5,475	2,030	15,850
0 to 4 years	22,410	3,800	15,655	1,175	1,780	4,385
5 to 9 years	26,360	4,600	19,505	2,095	165	5,645
10 to 14 years	24,585	4,710	17,580	2,210	85	5,815
15 to 64 years	275,085	51,190	192,990	28,485	2,420	65,435
15 to 19 years	25,260	4,410	17,555	3,210	85	6,015
20 to 24 years	26,950	4,475	19,240	3,180	45	6,065
25 to 29 years	23,155	4,265	16,300	2,500	90	5,515
30 to 34 years	23,840	4,795	16,185	2,745	115	6,170
35 to 39 years	27,040	5,525	17,895	3,440	185	7,240
40 to 44 years	28,700	6,605	18,640	3,305	155	8,260
45 to 49 years	30,985	6,720	20,315	3,650	300	8,550
50 to 54 years	33,385	6,270	23,920	2,825	370	7,680
55 to 59 years	31,185	4,850	23,720	2,155	465	5,930
60 to 64 years	24,580	3,275	19,215	1,475	615	4,010
65 years and over	62,410	8,315	47,315	3,035	3,745	9,830
65 to 69 years	20,105	2,815	15,310	1,220	760	3,430
70 to 74 years	16,205	1,925	12,685	825	775	2,340
75 to 79 years	11,745	1,535	8,910	545	760	1,805
80 to 84 years	8,520	1,210	6,190	300	820	1,360
85 years and over	5,830	830	4,220	150	635	905
85 to 89 years	4,280	615	3,160	100	400	670
90 to 94 years	1,320	165	930	40	185	190
95 to 99 years	220	35	125	10	45	40
100 years and over	10	0	0	0	0	0
Average age	40.1	38.5	40.6	36.8	50.8	not applicable ...
Median age	41.0	39.8	41.7	37.3	62.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	337,495	59,510	240,305	31,520	6,165	75,265
Married or living common law	196,390	37,480	136,435	18,770	3,710	46,860
Married	146,165	33,225	91,815	17,535	3,590	41,990
Living common law	50,230	4,255	44,620	1,235	115	4,875
Not married and not living common law	141,105	22,025	103,865	12,755	2,455	28,405
Never married	98,535	15,550	72,115	10,420	445	20,760
Separated	5,240	1,005	3,690	440	105	1,225
Divorced	22,260	3,490	17,240	1,290	240	4,130
Widowed	15,070	1,990	10,820	600	1,665	2,290
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	337,495	59,510	240,305	31,520	6,165	75,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	322,765	56,690	230,600	29,590	5,885	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,879	43,275	44,364	36,083	15,064	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,767	32,209	35,729	28,795	14,919	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	322,820	56,715	230,630	29,590	5,880	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,035	35,118	36,131	30,397	14,576	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,138	28,876	31,552	26,523	14,889	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	287,760	50,380	208,355	26,655	2,365	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,165	42,416	42,108	34,074	11,381	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,331	31,077	32,657	25,917	6,488	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	246,120	42,515	174,630	23,250	5,725	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,103	7,442	8,342	6,862	10,775	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,026	4,471	6,689	3,682	12,522	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	239,545	43,465	171,265	23,655	1,160	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,486	43,441	42,073	34,849	16,910	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,042	33,417	34,008	27,803	14,095	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	85.6	87.1	85.8	85.1	30.4	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	71.8	77.0	70.4	77.2	22.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	14.4	12.9	14.2	14.9	69.6	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	337,495	59,505	240,300	31,520	6,165	75,265
Without total income	14,730	2,820	9,700	1,925	280	3,785
With total income	322,760	56,690	230,595	29,595	5,885	71,485
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.3	96.0	93.9	95.5	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	42,565	7,895	27,855	5,015	1,795	10,405
$10,000 to $19,999	57,290	10,490	38,290	5,590	2,920	13,285
$20,000 to $29,999	46,645	8,350	32,765	4,770	765	10,735
$30,000 to $39,999	40,030	6,630	29,320	3,875	210	8,570
$40,000 to $49,999	37,130	6,360	27,425	3,245	105	7,975
$50,000 to $59,999	27,610	4,490	20,820	2,250	45	5,610
$60,000 to $69,999	19,695	3,420	14,665	1,610	10	4,225
$70,000 to $79,999	15,540	2,515	12,010	1,005	15	3,015
$80,000 to $89,999	10,865	1,835	8,280	750	0	2,210
$90,000 to $99,999	6,775	1,140	5,165	470	0	1,370
$100,000 and over	18,625	3,565	14,025	1,020	10	4,080
$100,000 to $149,999	12,785	2,350	9,660	770	10	2,735
$150,000 and over	5,835	1,215	4,365	255	0	1,345
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	337,490	59,510	240,305	31,520	6,165	75,270
Without after-tax income	14,675	2,795	9,670	1,925	285	3,760
With after-tax income	322,820	56,710	230,630	29,595	5,880	71,510
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	95.3	96.0	93.9	95.4	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	44,190	8,100	29,150	5,125	1,815	10,660
$10,000 to $19,999	59,955	10,985	40,205	5,825	2,940	13,900
$20,000 to $29,999	56,430	10,295	39,635	5,700	800	13,150
$30,000 to $39,999	53,450	8,815	39,595	4,835	205	11,235
$40,000 to $49,999	40,445	6,785	30,200	3,390	70	8,480
$50,000 to $59,999	26,305	4,360	19,940	1,965	35	5,345
$60,000 to $69,999	17,495	2,835	13,320	1,340	0	3,505
$70,000 to $79,999	9,125	1,500	6,990	630	0	1,815
$80,000 and over	15,425	3,035	11,600	785	10	3,425
$80,000 to $89,999	5,180	975	3,920	285	0	1,115
$90,000 to $99,999	3,025	585	2,265	180	0	670
$100,000 and over	7,220	1,475	5,420	325	10	1,640
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	337,495	59,505	240,305	31,520	6,165	75,265
Without employment income	97,945	16,040	69,040	7,860	5,010	19,975
With employment income	239,545	43,465	171,265	23,660	1,155	55,295
Percentage with employment income	71.0	73.0	71.3	75.1	18.7	73.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	28,565	4,210	21,415	2,725	215	5,575
$5,000 to $9,999	18,965	3,450	13,155	2,170	195	4,535
$10,000 to $19,999	34,925	6,565	23,665	4,330	360	8,730
$20,000 to $29,999	28,715	5,635	19,480	3,380	225	7,325
$30,000 to $39,999	29,035	5,250	20,570	3,120	95	6,815
$40,000 to $49,999	24,745	4,710	17,595	2,395	45	5,910
$50,000 to $59,999	19,235	3,625	13,930	1,670	15	4,460
$60,000 to $69,999	14,680	2,715	10,820	1,135	10	3,285
$70,000 to $79,999	12,755	2,175	9,675	910	10	2,625
$80,000 and over	27,920	5,130	20,965	1,820	10	6,040
$80,000 to $89,999	8,020	1,325	6,095	595	0	1,625
$90,000 to $99,999	5,400	865	4,135	395	0	1,065
$100,000 and over	14,505	2,940	10,735	830	0	3,355
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	337,495	59,510	240,305	31,520	6,165	75,265
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	109,370	22,210	76,165	10,715	280	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	48,883	47,611	50,572	42,459	21,694	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	57,750	57,724	59,079	49,189	25,644	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	410,845	72,620	293,040	36,995	8,200	91,115
English only	21,055	21,055	0	0	0	21,055
French only	139,910	0	139,915	0	0	0
English and French	241,495	51,505	153,020	36,975	0	69,985
Neither English nor French	8,385	60	100	20	8,200	70
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	410,850	72,620	293,040	36,995	8,200	91,120
English	54,990	51,040	3,950	0	0	51,040
French	250,230	2,505	247,725	0	0	2,505
Non-official language	67,510	10,465	18,925	29,925	8,195	25,430
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	67,510	10,465	18,925	29,925	8,195	25,425
English and French	6,595	1,110	2,630	2,860	0	2,535
English and non-official language	6,880	6,765	110	0	0	6,765
French and non-official language	18,130	125	18,000	0	0	125
English, French and non-official language	6,515	610	1,695	4,215	0	2,715
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	410,845	72,620	293,040	36,995	8,195	91,120
None	296,375	39,215	231,045	18,425	7,690	48,425
English	30,115	5,055	20,915	4,030	120	7,070
French	29,950	9,060	12,150	8,555	180	13,340
Non-official language	42,725	15,995	25,285	1,265	185	16,630
Aboriginal	15	10	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	42,720	15,990	25,275	1,270	180	16,625
English and French	5,035	140	390	4,480	20	2,380
English and non-official language	3,240	155	3,045	40	0	175
French and non-official language	3,205	2,980	180	40	0	3,000
English, French and non-official language	200	20	25	155	10	95
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	410,850	72,615	293,035	36,995	8,195	91,120
English	30,100	30,025	75	0	0	30,025
French	230,375	85	230,290	0	0	85
Non-official language	132,090	37,720	52,555	33,620	8,195	54,530
Aboriginal	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	132,080	37,720	52,545	33,620	8,195	54,530
English and French	4,180	880	1,460	1,850	0	1,800
English and non-official language	3,320	3,290	30	0	0	3,285
French and non-official language	8,100	35	8,065	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language	2,685	585	565	1,525	0	1,350
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	410,845	72,620	293,040	36,995	8,200	91,115
Official languages	402,460	72,560	292,935	36,975	0	91,045
English	262,550	72,560	153,020	36,975	0	91,045
French	381,410	51,500	292,935	36,975	0	69,985
Non-official languages	184,520	51,210	89,470	35,645	8,195	69,030
Aboriginal languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	184,500	51,205	89,455	35,650	8,195	69,030
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	410,850	72,615	293,040	36,995	8,200	91,115
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	2,530	240	2,290	0	0	240
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	2,345	230	2,120	0	0	225
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	1,145	160	985	0	0	160
Métis	1,170	65	1,110	0	0	60
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	65	10	50	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	120	0	115	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	408,320	72,380	290,755	36,990	8,195	90,875
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	410,850	72,620	293,040	36,995	8,200	91,120
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	575	65	510	0	0	65
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	410,275	72,550	292,525	36,995	8,200	91,045
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	410,845	72,620	293,040	36,995	8,200	91,115
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	1,360	55	1,300	0	0	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	1,350	55	1,295	0	0	55
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	1,115	40	1,075	0	0	35
Métis single ancestry	215	10	200	10	0	15
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	6,900	560	6,305	35	0	580
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	6,815	560	6,220	35	0	580
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,935	465	5,435	35	0	480
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	810	90	720	0	0	90
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	0	70	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	85	0	85	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	0	80	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	402,585	72,000	285,430	36,950	8,195	90,475
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	410,850	72,620	293,040	36,995	8,195	91,115
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	386,710	67,905	280,015	33,125	5,660	84,470
Canadian citizens only	351,170	63,200	258,410	24,705	4,865	75,550
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	35,540	4,710	21,610	8,420	800	8,915
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	24,135	4,710	13,020	3,870	2,530	6,650
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	410,850	72,620	293,035	36,995	8,195	91,115
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	291,635	49,085	229,140	11,655	1,755	54,915
Immigrants^Footnote 42	116,930	22,995	62,730	25,045	6,165	35,515
Before 1981	27,285	9,650	11,535	4,435	1,665	11,865
1981 to 1990	17,685	2,810	9,685	4,290	895	4,960
1991 to 2000	23,010	3,810	12,675	5,550	975	6,585
2001 to 2010	33,810	4,215	20,435	8,155	1,005	8,295
2001 to 2005	16,890	2,130	9,745	4,535	475	4,400
2006 to 2010	16,920	2,085	10,685	3,620	530	3,895
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	15,140	2,505	8,395	2,615	1,630	3,815
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	2,280	540	1,170	295	280	690
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	116,935	22,995	62,735	25,040	6,170	35,515
Under 5 years	11,815	2,295	7,245	2,100	175	3,345
5 to 14 years	20,430	4,150	10,685	5,360	235	6,830
15 to 24 years	25,430	6,595	11,910	6,105	820	9,650
25 to 44 years	51,200	8,855	29,290	10,810	2,245	14,260
45 years and over	8,060	1,095	3,605	670	2,690	1,430
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	116,930	22,990	62,735	25,040	6,170	35,510
Americas	24,550	2,280	17,855	3,800	620	4,180
Brazil	475	85	185	205	0	190
Colombia	1,950	95	1,155	605	95	395
El Salvador	1,540	125	850	495	70	370
Guyana	85	85	0	0	0	80
Haiti	12,015	105	11,185	450	275	330
Jamaica	165	170	0	0	0	170
Mexico	1,135	105	635	380	20	295
Peru	1,305	120	795	330	65	285
Trinidad and Tobago	155	150	0	0	0	150
United States^Footnote 47	1,275	555	535	175	10	640
Other places of birth in Americas	4,450	690	2,505	1,160	100	1,270
Europe	30,795	9,275	12,360	7,265	1,890	12,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	45	70	75	10	80
Croatia	275	140	70	65	0	170
France	3,325	110	3,170	45	0	135
Germany	545	345	160	40	0	365
Greece	5,945	3,895	150	870	1,025	4,330
Hungary	295	185	55	50	0	210
Ireland^Footnote 48	20	20	0	0	0	20
Italy	5,685	2,025	2,160	1,180	320	2,615
Netherlands	40	25	10	0	0	25
Poland	570	235	200	115	20	295
Portugal	3,145	610	1,705	590	245	905
Romania	5,255	375	2,070	2,685	130	1,715
Russian Federation	800	200	340	220	40	310
Serbia^Footnote 49	130	55	35	30	15	65
Ukraine	450	80	175	190	0	175
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	320	285	20	10	0	290
Other places of birth in Europe	3,795	650	1,970	1,090	85	1,195
Africa	23,815	1,355	19,310	2,945	200	2,825
Algeria	6,530	45	5,870	610	0	350
Egypt	2,690	630	1,350	650	55	955
Ethiopia	65	15	20	30	0	30
Kenya	50	30	0	20	0	40
Morocco	7,880	80	6,710	990	100	570
Nigeria	95	90	0	10	0	95
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	15	0	0	30
Other places of birth in Africa	6,445	435	5,340	630	40	750
Asia	37,710	10,030	13,195	11,030	3,450	15,545
Afghanistan	2,000	415	485	755	345	790
Bangladesh	320	230	25	55	15	255
China^Footnote 51	1,840	690	500	430	220	910
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	110	85	15	10	10	90
India	1,810	1,145	100	305	260	1,300
Iran^Footnote 53	820	300	185	290	50	440
Iraq	615	220	135	135	130	290
Japan	55	25	20	0	10	30
Korea, South^Footnote 54	110	35	55	15	0	40
Lebanon	12,425	1,615	5,950	4,380	475	3,805
Pakistan	1,300	770	185	295	50	920
Philippines	610	500	25	85	0	540
Sri Lanka	1,575	1,055	75	315	130	1,210
Syria^Footnote 55	5,465	1,145	1,760	1,640	920	1,965
Taiwan	85	30	30	20	10	35
Viet Nam	2,035	285	975	580	195	575
Other places of birth in Asia	6,525	1,480	2,695	1,710	640	2,340
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	60	55	10	0	0	50
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	15,145	2,505	8,390	2,615	1,630	3,810
Americas	3,975	315	2,845	585	235	605
Brazil	130	20	50	60	0	45
Colombia	520	15	310	130	60	80
Cuba	150	15	95	15	25	20
Haiti	2,050	20	1,885	60	85	50
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	315	45	160	100	10	90
United States^Footnote 58	255	100	140	15	10	105
Venezuela^Footnote 59	125	10	25	65	20	45
Other places of birth in Americas	425	90	180	130	30	155
Europe	1,755	285	940	400	130	485
France	300	0	295	10	0	10
Germany	40	20	15	0	0	20
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	315	20	170	105	20	70
Romania	455	15	220	155	65	90
Russian Federation	55	15	15	15	10	25
Ukraine	125	20	65	40	0	45
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	25	15	0	10	0	20
Other places of birth in Europe	445	165	170	70	35	205
Africa	4,035	200	3,240	485	115	440
Algeria	700	10	640	50	0	35
Cameroon	435	0	430	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	205	10	185	10	10	10
Côte d'Ivoire	140	0	145	0	0	0
Egypt	490	115	170	190	20	205
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	870	10	720	80	65	45
Nigeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	475	0	375	90	10	50
Other places of birth in Africa	700	55	575	60	15	85
Asia	5,365	1,695	1,365	1,155	1,155	2,270
Afghanistan	360	90	55	115	105	150
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0	0	10
China^Footnote 63	290	100	45	70	75	135
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	205	135	10	30	35	145
Iran^Footnote 65	60	10	10	30	0	25
Iraq	235	70	50	35	85	85
Israel	15	10	10	0	0	10
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	30	10	20	10	0	10
Lebanon	1,130	160	555	370	50	345
Nepal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	245	120	20	75	25	155
Philippines	85	85	0	0	0	85
Saudi Arabia	35	15	10	10	0	25
Sri Lanka	125	65	10	20	30	70
Syria^Footnote 67	2,040	650	435	320	640	810
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	60	10	20	0	30	0
United Arab Emirates	25	25	0	0	0	25
Viet Nam	45	25	0	0	10	30
Other places of birth in Asia	340	120	110	65	45	150
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	410,850	72,620	293,035	36,995	8,200	91,115
First generation^Footnote 71	120,520	23,865	64,645	25,505	6,500	36,615
Second generation^Footnote 72	90,385	29,575	49,095	10,165	1,550	34,660
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	199,945	19,175	179,295	1,325	150	19,840
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	91,570	13,590	52,410	20,975	4,595	24,080
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	46,885	4,515	28,815	12,730	825	10,875
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	20,060	2,175	12,115	5,425	350	4,890
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	26,825	2,330	16,700	7,305	485	5,985
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	25,410	5,080	14,790	3,725	1,810	6,945
Refugees^Footnote 79	18,290	3,810	8,305	4,325	1,855	5,965
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	985	195	495	190	110	290
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	410,850	72,620	293,035	36,995	8,195	91,115
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	107,255	15,680	70,050	16,955	4,570	24,155
South Asian^Footnote 83	8,805	4,665	1,215	2,130	795	5,725
Chinese	3,865	1,285	1,390	835	360	1,700
Black	32,095	2,430	28,280	1,055	330	2,955
Filipino	985	815	55	110	0	875
Latin American	12,660	1,115	7,585	3,470	485	2,850
Arab	33,695	2,705	23,690	6,000	1,290	5,705
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	7,625	915	4,695	1,430	585	1,630
West Asian^Footnote 85	4,365	860	1,465	1,485	560	1,600
Korean	215	65	100	35	15	85
Japanese	125	70	40	10	10	75
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	530	200	265	60	10	230
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	2,290	555	1,265	345	120	735
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	303,590	56,940	222,985	20,040	3,625	66,960
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	410,845	72,620	293,040	36,995	8,195	91,115
North American Aboriginal origins	8,265	615	7,610	40	0	640
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,145	505	6,605	40	0	525
Inuit	95	10	85	0	0	10
Métis	1,115	105	1,005	0	0	105
Other North American origins	157,730	8,250	147,890	1,395	195	8,950
Acadian	1,075	70	990	15	0	80
American	1,455	450	965	40	0	470
Canadian	148,990	7,710	139,815	1,285	180	8,350
New Brunswicker	50	0	50	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	45	0	35	0	0	10
Québécois	8,180	195	7,905	65	15	230
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	15	0	10	10	0	0
European origins	170,170	51,665	102,660	13,380	2,465	58,355
British Isles origins	24,160	7,065	16,715	370	10	7,250
Channel Islander	55	20	40	0	0	20
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	6,395	2,990	3,265	135	0	3,055
Irish	15,005	3,600	11,205	200	0	3,700
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	5,985	2,250	3,640	95	0	2,300
Welsh	185	160	20	0	0	165
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	975	585	340	40	10	610
French origins	69,195	3,585	65,035	555	20	3,865
Alsatian	75	0	75	0	0	0
Breton	340	10	335	0	0	0
Corsican	80	0	80	0	0	0
French	68,900	3,585	64,745	555	15	3,865
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,110	2,775	6,850	455	30	3,005
Austrian	655	405	225	25	0	415
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	2,765	105	2,620	45	0	130
Dutch	635	355	240	40	0	370
Flemish	55	0	50	0	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5,735	1,970	3,415	320	25	2,130
Luxembourger	20	0	15	0	0	10
Swiss	775	175	580	15	0	185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	605	310	275	15	0	320
Danish	150	90	55	10	0	90
Finnish	85	55	20	10	0	60
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	110	60	50	0	0	60
Swedish	265	125	140	0	0	130
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	35	10	25	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	18,580	5,175	7,915	5,060	430	7,705
Bulgarian	755	70	370	290	25	215
Byelorussian	210	30	95	85	10	70
Czech	235	120	90	30	0	130
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	150	85	70	0	0	80
Estonian	30	25	0	0	0	25
Hungarian	1,875	835	655	370	10	1,025
Latvian	50	30	20	0	0	30
Lithuanian	285	155	100	30	0	175
Moldovan	880	0	560	280	30	145
Polish	3,765	1,890	1,480	360	30	2,070
Romanian	7,575	850	3,355	3,150	215	2,425
Russian	3,130	1,170	1,115	725	115	1,530
Slovak	340	155	100	70	10	190
Ukrainian	2,290	820	1,085	345	35	995
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	35	20	0	15	0	25
Southern European origins	75,545	40,715	24,965	7,870	2,000	44,650
Albanian	570	95	305	150	20	170
Bosnian	195	35	105	50	10	60
Catalan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	820	460	185	175	0	545
Cypriot	105	65	10	25	0	75
Greek	20,385	15,000	1,775	2,475	1,135	16,235
Italian	40,580	22,710	14,690	2,785	400	24,100
Kosovar	35	0	15	0	15	0
Macedonian	45	10	15	15	0	20
Maltese	30	10	20	10	0	10
Montenegrin	75	10	45	10	0	15
Portuguese	9,805	3,455	4,810	1,245	295	4,070
Serbian	360	120	105	130	0	185
Sicilian	95	30	60	0	0	30
Slovenian	165	120	35	0	0	120
Spanish	6,485	1,100	4,055	1,185	145	1,700
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	205	95	90	10	10	95
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	50	0	35	10	0	10
Other European origins	1,595	590	790	205	15	690
Basque	190	0	175	15	0	10
Jewish	980	455	360	155	10	535
Roma (Gypsy)	50	15	30	0	0	20
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	360	115	210	30	10	130
Caribbean origins	24,720	1,940	21,520	945	315	2,415
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Barbadian	260	220	40	10	0	220
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	20	15	0	0	0	20
Cuban	765	75	525	135	20	145
Dominican	945	100	685	150	15	175
Grenadian	70	55	15	0	0	55
Guadeloupean	75	0	70	0	0	0
Haitian	21,610	490	20,210	630	280	805
Jamaican	685	510	150	20	0	515
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	135	10	130	0	0	0
Montserratan	20	25	0	0	0	20
Puerto Rican	55	35	15	0	0	35
St. Lucian	95	45	40	0	0	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	285	205	60	20	0	220
Vincentian/Grenadinian	130	130	0	0	0	130
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	350	205	145	0	0	205
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	155	65	95	0	0	60
Latin, Central and South American origins	14,900	1,770	9,125	3,525	480	3,530
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	395	50	210	125	10	115
Arawak	0	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	455	40	330	75	10	75
Belizean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	135	25	80	25	0	40
Brazilian	465	115	200	145	10	190
Chilean	1,320	115	965	215	20	225
Colombian	2,620	210	1,590	660	150	545
Costa Rican	95	15	35	45	0	35
Ecuadorian	180	25	110	40	0	45
Guatemalan	1,200	100	805	260	30	235
Guyanese	115	105	10	0	0	105
Hispanic	105	15	70	20	0	25
Honduran	415	55	280	60	20	85
Maya	135	10	90	25	10	20
Mexican	1,940	230	1,175	490	50	470
Nicaraguan	220	50	110	65	0	80
Panamanian	100	0	65	30	0	20
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	2,045	225	1,390	355	70	400
Salvadorean	2,745	265	1,625	780	85	645
Uruguayan	215	50	120	40	0	75
Venezuelan	655	105	290	205	50	210
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	495	90	280	115	10	145
African origins	37,140	2,770	30,735	3,225	415	4,375
Central and West African origins	5,250	485	4,570	165	25	565
Akan	50	10	35	0	0	15
Angolan	55	15	45	10	0	20
Ashanti	20	10	0	10	0	15
Beninese	265	0	260	10	0	0
Burkinabe	55	0	45	0	0	10
Cameroonian	1,250	0	1,250	0	0	0
Chadian	75	10	65	0	0	10
Congolese	1,250	10	1,145	90	0	50
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	50	0	55	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	265	230	15	20	0	245
Guinean	210	0	205	0	0	10
Ibo	35	30	10	0	0	30
Ivorian	455	15	440	10	0	15
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	175	10	160	0	0	10
Malinké	75	0	70	0	0	0
Nigerian	230	125	105	0	0	125
Peulh	100	0	100	0	0	0
Senegalese	385	10	365	15	10	10
Sierra Leonean	15	15	0	10	0	15
Togolese	260	0	240	15	0	10
Wolof	50	0	55	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	15	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	425	15	400	0	10	15
North African origins	26,800	1,625	22,095	2,735	345	2,990
Algerian	6,535	85	6,010	410	40	290
Berber	3,735	50	3,400	275	10	185
Coptic	135	45	60	20	0	55
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	3,855	1,025	2,045	720	75	1,380
Libyan	50	30	15	10	0	35
Maure	40	10	25	10	0	15
Moroccan	11,175	410	9,455	1,135	180	980
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	2,105	25	1,795	235	50	140
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	360	15	295	35	10	35
Southern and East African origins	1,510	260	1,070	165	20	345
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	20	0	0	15	0	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	115	0	110	0	0	0
Burundian	300	0	270	25	10	15
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	45	30	10	0	0	35
Ethiopian	115	50	30	35	0	70
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	45	25	0	15	0	35
Malagasy	130	10	110	15	0	10
Mauritian	215	30	165	25	0	45
Oromo	10	0	0	10	0	0
Rwandan	325	10	310	0	0	15
Seychellois	180	90	60	30	0	105
Somali	25	20	10	0	0	15
South African	35	20	10	0	10	15
Tanzanian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	3,890	420	3,275	160	30	500
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	285	75	210	10	0	80
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	3,610	345	3,080	160	30	425
Asian origins	69,820	16,495	31,220	17,430	4,670	25,210
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	46,780	8,240	22,700	12,940	2,900	14,710
Afghan	2,810	505	925	955	425	985
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	5,850	455	4,350	785	260	850
Armenian	10,375	2,880	1,840	4,835	820	5,295
Assyrian	105	50	15	10	35	55
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0	0	10
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	80	15	20	35	10	25
Iranian	1,185	415	350	355	60	590
Iraqi	715	195	265	135	120	260
Israeli	250	185	45	10	10	190
Jordanian	80	50	25	10	0	55
Kazakh	20	10	10	0	0	10
Kurd	230	35	160	10	30	40
Kuwaiti	15	0	0	15	0	10
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	19,675	2,520	11,910	4,735	515	4,885
Palestinian	780	265	240	245	25	390
Pashtun	50	30	0	10	10	35
Saudi Arabian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Syrian	6,340	960	3,035	1,655	685	1,785
Tajik	130	10	50	55	15	40
Tatar	65	0	30	25	0	25
Turk	2,290	450	1,250	490	100	695
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	35	0	30	10	0	10
Uzbek	15	0	15	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	175	40	85	30	15	55
South Asian origins	8,940	4,905	1,345	1,950	735	5,880
Bangladeshi	345	215	30	80	20	255
Bengali	180	100	25	50	10	125
Bhutanese	50	10	10	10	25	15
East Indian	3,945	2,090	700	785	365	2,485
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nepali	70	15	20	15	20	25
Pakistani	1,565	885	255	305	110	1,040
Punjabi	505	270	25	160	55	345
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	2,175	1,270	265	505	145	1,520
Tamil	430	240	60	100	35	295
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	245	130	20	75	25	165
East and Southeast Asian origins	14,515	3,540	7,375	2,555	1,045	4,820
Burmese	20	15	0	0	0	15
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,045	295	2,070	415	275	495
Chinese	6,370	1,710	2,970	1,125	565	2,265
Filipino	1,130	925	80	115	0	990
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	50	35	15	0	0	30
Japanese	260	90	120	35	15	105
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	220	70	105	35	10	85
Laotian	1,600	125	1,120	285	70	260
Malaysian	40	30	0	10	0	35
Mongolian	60	0	50	10	0	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	50	25	20	10	0	25
Thai	320	110	160	35	15	130
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,755	510	2,165	835	245	920
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	15	10	10	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	60	20	15	25	10	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	60	20	10	25	10	25
Oceania origins	120	80	30	10	0	85
Australian	65	55	10	0	0	60
New Zealander	20	15	0	0	0	15
Pacific Islands origins	40	10	25	0	0	15
Fijian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	0	0	10	0	10
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	337,490	59,505	240,300	31,520	6,165	75,265
No certificate, diploma or degree	64,065	11,240	42,525	5,485	4,810	13,985
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	76,500	15,690	52,990	7,100	710	19,245
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	196,940	32,575	144,785	18,930	650	42,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	48,220	6,540	38,130	3,375	170	8,230
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	34,745	4,535	27,740	2,345	125	5,710
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	13,470	2,000	10,385	1,030	50	2,515
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	62,365	12,170	44,405	5,630	160	14,985
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,350	1,620	11,470	1,210	50	2,230
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	72,000	12,240	50,780	8,715	265	16,600
Bachelor's degree	48,730	9,150	33,620	5,755	205	12,025
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,245	1,080	5,285	860	15	1,510
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,765	230	1,290	225	20	345
Master's degree	12,475	1,540	9,270	1,645	15	2,365
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	1,785	245	1,300	230	10	355
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	337,495	59,505	240,300	31,520	6,165	75,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	140,555	26,935	95,515	12,590	5,520	33,225
Education	11,840	1,350	9,820	630	40	1,670
13. Education	11,845	1,355	9,820	630	45	1,670
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,030	1,285	5,165	565	15	1,570
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,335	165	1,050	120	0	225
50. Visual and performing arts	5,695	1,120	4,115	445	15	1,345
Humanities	10,670	1,760	7,690	1,195	30	2,355
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,555	385	915	245	10	510
23. English language and literature/letters	615	260	240	110	0	310
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,050	745	4,735	565	10	1,030
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	45	15	35	0	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	370	75	240	50	10	100
39. Theology and religious vocations	315	45	230	40	0	65
54. History	640	150	420	65	0	180
55. French language and literature/letters	1,085	90	880	115	0	145
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20,915	5,205	13,635	2,000	70	6,210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	220	35	165	20	0	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,155	410	1,610	130	0	475
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,275	790	3,010	440	30	1,015
22. Legal professions and studies	3,855	495	3,045	290	20	640
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	385	10	340	35	0	30
42. Psychology	2,895	540	2,105	245	0	665
45. Social sciences	7,130	2,920	3,365	830	20	3,335
Business, management and public administration	51,115	9,465	36,535	5,010	105	11,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	0	40	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,635	160	1,400	80	0	195
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	49,440	9,305	35,105	4,925	105	11,770
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,580	1,365	6,085	1,100	30	1,915
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,720	450	1,930	330	10	610
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,490	320	970	200	0	415
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	1,455	65	1,210	165	10	150
40. Physical sciences	2,510	490	1,670	340	10	665
41. Science technologies/technicians	400	40	300	55	10	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,630	1,815	6,590	1,205	15	2,420
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,230	1,635	5,545	1,035	10	2,155
25. Library science	455	20	415	20	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	805	140	510	140	15	210
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	145	20	125	10	0	25
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	38,955	5,635	28,895	4,245	180	7,760
04. Architecture and related services	1,545	225	1,110	205	0	330
14. Engineering	10,165	1,485	6,540	2,060	80	2,515
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	7,170	1,075	5,440	635	15	1,390
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,145	1,095	6,535	490	30	1,340
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,845	1,260	5,870	675	40	1,595
48. Precision production	4,085	490	3,400	180	10	585
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,815	175	1,450	175	20	255
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,440	145	1,135	140	20	215
03. Natural resources and conservation	380	25	320	30	0	40
Health and related fields	23,235	2,400	19,070	1,675	90	3,240
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,135	170	915	50	0	195
51. Health professions and related programs	21,720	2,190	17,875	1,580	85	2,975
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	380	45	280	50	0	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,125	2,115	9,835	1,125	55	2,675
12. Personal and culinary services	7,655	1,585	5,280	745	40	1,960
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	0	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	10	15	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	2,935	240	2,555	135	0	305
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,505	285	1,975	245	10	400
Other	15	0	20	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	0	15	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	337,495	59,510	240,300	31,520	6,165	75,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	140,560	26,935	95,515	12,590	5,515	33,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	196,940	32,575	144,785	18,925	650	42,040
Location of study inside Canada	169,280	27,440	129,560	12,220	60	33,550
Same as province or territory of residence	166,330	26,310	127,880	12,085	60	32,350
Different than province or territory of residence	2,950	1,125	1,685	135	0	1,195
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	27,655	5,140	15,220	6,705	585	8,490
United States^Footnote 130	1,045	430	465	150	0	500
Philippines	270	250	0	10	0	255
India	330	260	10	60	10	285
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	240	135	90	15	0	145
China^Footnote 132	530	270	50	125	80	335
France	2,490	20	2,290	175	0	110
Other	22,760	3,775	12,315	6,170	495	6,860
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	337,495	59,510	240,305	31,515	6,170	not applicable ...
In the labour force	224,000	42,025	157,970	22,945	1,055	not applicable ...
Employed	208,320	38,920	147,670	20,880	855	not applicable ...
Unemployed	15,675	3,110	10,305	2,065	200	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	113,500	17,480	82,335	8,575	5,105	not applicable ...
Participation rate	66.4	70.6	65.7	72.8	17.1	not applicable ...
Employment rate	61.7	65.4	61.5	66.3	13.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.4	6.5	9.0	19.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	337,490	59,505	240,300	31,520	6,165	75,270
Did not work^Footnote 135	109,120	17,255	78,125	8,555	5,185	21,530
Worked	228,375	42,255	162,180	22,960	980	53,735
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	111,865	22,805	77,645	11,110	310	28,360
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	116,510	19,450	84,535	11,855	675	25,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.7	42.9	42.5	36.9	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	235,285	43,520	166,755	23,910	1,100	55,475
a.Management	25,080	6,360	16,055	2,600	65	7,655
00 Senior management occupations	3,775	850	2,580	345	10	1,020
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	8,605	2,140	5,710	750	10	2,510
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	8,655	2,430	5,030	1,145	45	3,000
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	4,040	940	2,735	360	10	1,120
b.Professional	41,515	6,330	31,165	3,980	35	8,320
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	10,355	2,015	7,375	965	0	2,500
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	10,075	1,495	7,075	1,495	0	2,245
30 Professional occupations in nursing	3,885	325	3,205	350	0	500
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,835	320	2,290	225	10	430
40 Professional occupations in education services	8,035	1,215	6,335	470	15	1,450
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	4,620	700	3,580	335	10	865
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,710	260	1,310	135	0	325
c.Technical and paraprofessional	26,500	3,500	20,430	2,535	45	4,770
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	7,455	1,170	5,365	910	0	1,630
32 Technical occupations in health	4,825	450	3,880	480	10	695
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	7,765	935	6,145	675	10	1,270
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,195	105	1,015	70	0	140
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,260	835	4,020	390	15	1,030
d.Administration and administrative support	34,010	6,995	23,965	2,995	50	8,500
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	15,220	2,745	11,205	1,240	30	3,365
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,570	480	1,785	305	0	630
14 Office support occupations	10,335	2,730	6,555	1,040	0	3,250
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	5,895	1,050	4,425	405	10	1,255
e.Sales	27,460	5,285	18,880	3,185	110	6,880
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	5,180	1,375	3,245	555	0	1,650
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	12,295	2,590	8,170	1,500	35	3,335
66 Sales support occupations	9,985	1,320	7,460	1,130	70	1,890
f.Personal and customer information services	41,555	8,425	27,970	4,755	410	10,800
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,285	370	3,645	260	10	505
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,755	495	2,025	225	10	605
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	8,235	2,290	4,645	1,085	210	2,835
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	13,480	3,030	8,635	1,775	30	3,920
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	12,810	2,235	9,015	1,400	155	2,940
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	13,915	2,135	10,510	1,185	80	2,730
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	8,320	1,220	6,435	615	50	1,530
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	5,590	915	4,075	570	35	1,200
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	13,755	2,365	9,775	1,560	55	3,145
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,935	530	2,180	210	10	635
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	8,760	1,555	6,040	1,150	20	2,130
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,060	280	1,560	200	25	380
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,675	245	1,285	125	25	305
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	200	35	145	25	0	45
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	365	35	285	30	15	55
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	1,105	175	855	70	10	205
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,820	1,880	6,715	990	235	2,375
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,220	190	910	110	10	250
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,455	705	2,270	365	115	890
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	2,285	340	1,645	245	60	465
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	2,860	640	1,895	270	55	775
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	235,285	43,520	166,755	23,905	1,105	55,475
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	920	85	760	55	20	110
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	785	75	655	40	20	95
113 Forestry and logging	70	0	55	10	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10	0	10	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	50	10	45	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	205	40	150	10	0	45
211 Oil and gas extraction	40	0	30	10	0	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	105	20	80	0	0	15
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	70	25	40	0	0	20
22 Utilities	1,320	65	1,195	65	0	95
221 Utilities	1,320	60	1,190	65	0	95
23 Construction	12,535	2,005	9,475	1,000	55	2,505
236 Construction of buildings	4,020	620	2,945	435	30	835
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,020	100	825	85	10	140
238 Specialty trade contractors	7,495	1,285	5,705	485	25	1,530
31-33 Manufacturing	24,290	5,105	16,315	2,570	295	6,390
311 Food manufacturing	3,245	730	2,150	295	75	880
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	405	50	325	35	0	65
313 Textile mills	185	75	75	30	10	90
314 Textile product mills	230	90	115	15	15	95
315 Clothing manufacturing	1,525	505	755	195	75	600
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	150	40	85	15	0	50
321 Wood product manufacturing	460	80	325	45	10	105
322 Paper manufacturing	600	115	430	60	0	140
323 Printing and related support activities	1,275	250	910	110	0	310
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	75	10	70	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,960	330	1,410	215	0	440
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,360	315	845	160	30	400
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	480	100	365	15	0	105
331 Primary metal manufacturing	505	100	335	65	10	135
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,825	355	1,260	200	10	460
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,665	290	1,170	200	15	390
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,080	210	750	105	10	270
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	670	135	420	105	0	185
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	4,000	730	2,810	435	15	950
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,120	230	740	130	15	295
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,480	360	970	135	15	430
41 Wholesale trade	12,415	3,340	7,690	1,305	80	3,995
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	120	40	65	10	0	45
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	90	0	85	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,505	695	1,535	255	20	825
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	2,865	980	1,475	375	40	1,165
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	695	125	495	70	0	160
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,915	365	1,410	130	10	425
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,480	715	1,485	280	0	855
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,340	295	910	125	10	355
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	415	135	230	55	0	155
44-45 Retail trade	32,720	5,795	22,800	3,960	175	7,770
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	3,385	660	2,315	400	10	865
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,370	250	950	165	10	330
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,105	225	715	155	10	300
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,715	260	1,360	95	10	305
445 Food and beverage stores	7,930	1,065	5,945	820	100	1,475
446 Health and personal care stores	3,575	455	2,665	450	10	680
447 Gasoline stations	570	60	415	90	10	105
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	5,680	1,600	3,095	955	25	2,080
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,570	285	1,175	100	0	340
452 General merchandise stores	3,420	445	2,530	445	10	665
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	1,745	315	1,240	180	0	410
454 Non-store retailers	655	175	385	90	0	225
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	13,295	3,075	8,525	1,675	25	3,915
481 Air transportation	1,030	415	490	125	0	475
482 Rail transportation	440	140	260	40	0	160
483 Water transportation	85	50	40	0	0	50
484 Truck transportation	2,940	835	1,690	410	15	1,035
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	3,995	305	3,100	585	0	600
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,805	515	1,035	250	0	635
491 Postal service	1,225	220	920	95	0	265
492 Couriers and messengers	1,115	415	595	105	0	470
493 Warehousing and storage	645	190	385	65	0	225
51 Information and cultural industries	6,465	1,265	4,480	720	0	1,625
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,200	220	840	145	0	290
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	840	180	615	45	0	200
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	645	80	540	30	0	90
517 Telecommunications	3,175	715	2,015	445	0	940
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	105	25	60	10	0	35
519 Other information services	500	45	405	45	0	70
52 Finance and insurance	12,240	2,890	8,080	1,270	0	3,530
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	10	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	6,685	1,595	4,240	855	0	2,025
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,450	485	830	135	0	555
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	4,030	785	2,965	275	0	925
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	70	20	40	10	0	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,065	955	2,665	440	10	1,180
531 Real estate	3,380	840	2,185	355	0	1,015
532 Rental and leasing services	655	110	470	70	10	145
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	30	10	10	10	0	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,850	3,460	12,555	1,810	25	4,370
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,850	3,465	12,550	1,810	20	4,370
55 Management of companies and enterprises	355	130	200	20	0	145
551 Management of companies and enterprises	350	130	200	25	0	140
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	11,920	2,160	8,315	1,380	70	2,850
561 Administrative and support services	11,410	2,120	7,875	1,340	70	2,790
562 Waste management and remediation services	515	40	435	35	0	60
61 Educational services	15,425	2,395	12,015	1,000	15	2,895
611 Educational services	15,425	2,395	12,015	1,000	15	2,900
62 Health care and social assistance	28,840	3,335	23,280	2,180	45	4,425
621 Ambulatory health care services	6,360	865	4,930	545	20	1,140
622 Hospitals	10,685	1,155	8,795	735	0	1,520
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	4,885	270	4,415	200	0	370
624 Social assistance	6,905	1,040	5,140	700	20	1,390
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,085	525	3,230	315	10	690
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,155	175	895	70	15	215
712 Heritage institutions	130	0	115	10	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	2,805	350	2,220	230	0	465
72 Accommodation and food services	15,745	4,370	9,105	2,085	175	5,415
721 Accommodation services	1,295	280	860	155	0	355
722 Food services and drinking places	14,450	4,090	8,250	1,935	175	5,060
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,765	1,745	6,695	1,230	95	2,365
811 Repair and maintenance	3,460	655	2,190	550	65	930
812 Personal and laundry services	3,445	790	2,175	455	25	1,015
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	2,425	190	2,015	205	10	295
814 Private households	435	110	310	20	0	120
91 Public administration	10,825	780	9,230	810	10	1,185
911 Federal government public administration	2,880	365	2,205	305	0	515
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	3,100	115	2,670	310	0	270
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	4,785	275	4,325	180	0	365
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	65	20	30	15	0	25
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	208,320	38,920	147,665	20,880	855	49,360
Worked at home	12,100	2,300	8,530	1,160	115	2,875
Worked outside Canada	535	120	295	115	10	175
No fixed workplace address	18,475	3,420	12,955	2,035	65	4,435
Worked at usual place	177,210	33,090	125,885	17,575	665	41,875
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	235,285	43,520	166,755	23,905	1,100	55,480
English	33,525	20,825	8,855	3,665	180	22,655
French	163,455	11,345	140,590	11,265	255	16,980
Non-official language	1,785	530	415	305	530	685
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,780	530	415	305	530	685
English and French	33,445	9,910	15,720	7,780	35	13,800
English and non-official language	620	445	30	85	55	490
French and non-official language	760	25	560	145	35	95
English, French and non-official language	1,705	440	585	670	0	775
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	235,285	43,525	166,755	23,905	1,100	55,475
None	136,235	20,430	102,135	12,890	780	26,875
English	70,345	9,130	54,275	6,840	105	12,550
French	21,605	11,775	7,310	2,420	95	12,985
Non-official language	4,895	1,535	2,155	1,105	105	2,080
Aboriginal	15	10	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	4,875	1,525	2,140	1,105	100	2,080
English and French	140	50	10	70	10	85
English and non-official language	1,445	225	765	455	10	450
French and non-official language	625	390	110	125	0	455
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	177,215	33,085	125,890	17,575	660	41,875
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	67,680	8,930	52,805	5,725	215	11,790
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	109,085	24,020	72,865	11,760	435	29,905
Commute to a different province or territory	450	130	215	90	10	175
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	195,685	36,505	138,840	19,610	730	46,310
Car, truck, van - as a driver	147,500	28,240	104,170	14,640	450	35,560
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	6,550	1,650	4,055	740	110	2,020
Public transit	34,825	5,770	25,210	3,695	150	7,615
Walked	4,415	510	3,545	340	20	680
Bicycle	1,040	60	925	45	0	85
Other method	1,360	265	935	150	0	345
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	195,690	36,505	138,840	19,605	730	46,310
Less than 15 minutes	32,235	4,775	24,395	2,975	100	6,260
15 to 29 minutes	64,150	10,995	46,735	6,155	270	14,070
30 to 44 minutes	48,505	9,955	33,325	5,050	165	12,485
45 to 59 minutes	25,310	5,345	17,365	2,535	70	6,615
60 minutes and over	25,485	5,435	17,025	2,890	125	6,885
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	195,685	36,510	138,845	19,605	730	46,310
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,960	2,200	11,450	1,230	80	2,815
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	38,970	6,410	28,975	3,435	155	8,130
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	57,090	10,565	40,865	5,490	170	13,310
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	34,895	7,635	23,250	3,935	70	9,600
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	21,830	5,235	13,695	2,780	120	6,625
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	27,940	4,460	20,605	2,740	135	5,835
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	406,590	71,925	290,245	36,835	7,585	90,340
Non-movers	368,800	65,895	263,385	33,490	6,025	82,645
Movers	37,790	6,025	26,860	3,350	1,560	7,700
Non-migrants	21,770	3,345	16,300	1,825	305	4,255
Migrants	16,020	2,680	10,560	1,520	1,260	3,440
Internal migrants	11,965	1,710	9,010	1,025	220	2,220
Intraprovincial migrants	11,455	1,455	8,820	975	200	1,945
Interprovincial migrants	510	250	195	50	15	275
External migrants	4,055	975	1,550	495	1,040	1,220
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	388,440	68,820	277,385	35,825	6,415	86,725
Non-movers	263,525	48,210	188,185	23,515	3,615	59,970
Movers	124,915	20,610	89,205	12,305	2,800	26,760
Non-migrants	71,375	12,315	52,065	6,085	910	15,360
Migrants	53,535	8,290	37,135	6,220	1,885	11,400
Internal migrants	40,190	5,865	30,065	3,805	450	7,770
Intraprovincial migrants	38,975	5,260	29,615	3,690	405	7,105
Interprovincial migrants	1,215	610	445	115	45	670
External migrants	13,350	2,425	7,075	2,415	1,440	3,630

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Laval

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.