Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Ontario
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,045	547,280
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,095	319,045	547,285
0 to 14 years	2,203,720	2,070,550	63,175	25,385	44,605	75,865
0 to 4 years	696,120	636,575	18,100	3,575	37,870	19,890
5 to 9 years	754,260	718,665	22,280	8,735	4,590	26,645
10 to 14 years	753,335	715,315	22,795	13,080	2,145	29,335
15 to 64 years	8,924,920	8,402,260	334,375	59,305	128,975	364,030
15 to 19 years	807,220	770,735	23,790	10,765	1,925	29,170
20 to 24 years	888,585	853,370	25,080	7,175	2,960	28,665
25 to 29 years	868,650	830,865	26,005	5,165	6,615	28,585
30 to 34 years	859,345	818,895	27,550	5,120	7,775	30,115
35 to 39 years	837,110	791,955	31,030	6,195	7,930	34,125
40 to 44 years	866,350	815,110	33,945	6,000	11,300	36,940
45 to 49 years	930,875	873,415	36,150	5,910	15,405	39,105
50 to 54 years	1,048,230	974,375	46,595	5,380	21,880	49,280
55 to 59 years	981,010	907,415	45,105	4,190	24,305	47,205
60 to 64 years	837,550	766,125	39,130	3,410	28,875	40,840
65 years and over	2,113,515	1,856,970	103,685	7,395	145,465	107,380
65 to 69 years	731,275	661,630	35,385	2,510	31,750	36,635
70 to 74 years	516,680	456,820	27,615	1,870	30,375	28,550
75 to 79 years	378,270	326,760	18,855	1,395	31,255	19,555
80 to 84 years	267,295	226,950	12,480	920	26,945	12,940
85 years and over	220,005	184,810	9,345	710	25,135	9,705
85 to 89 years	152,450	128,580	6,775	515	16,580	7,035
90 to 94 years	55,800	46,730	2,135	165	6,770	2,225
95 to 99 years	10,490	8,560	370	30	1,530	385
100 years and over	1,255	945	60	0	255	60
Average age	40.5	40.0	45.1	32.1	55.7	not applicable ...
Median age	40.9	40.2	47.9	27.6	62.5	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	11,038,440	10,259,235	438,060	66,705	274,445	471,415
Married or living common law	6,389,705	5,904,610	271,610	34,765	178,715	288,995
Married	5,484,400	5,062,305	215,745	32,230	174,115	231,865
Living common law	905,310	842,305	55,865	2,535	4,605	57,135
Not married and not living common law	4,648,735	4,354,625	166,450	31,940	95,725	182,420
Never married	3,134,700	2,995,370	98,055	26,190	15,080	111,155
Separated	322,200	299,140	14,040	1,365	7,660	14,725
Divorced	638,330	592,020	27,635	2,800	15,875	29,030
Widowed	553,500	468,090	26,715	1,585	57,105	27,510
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	11,038,440	10,259,235	438,060	66,700	274,440	471,415
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,556,925	9,811,200	424,625	59,750	261,345	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,915	48,559	52,234	43,080	17,813	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,551	34,251	40,677	27,611	15,574	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,559,935	9,813,980	424,850	59,750	261,355	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,318	39,789	42,752	35,861	16,845	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,647	31,203	36,261	26,202	15,496	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,391,645	8,807,755	381,740	52,770	149,380	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,890	48,318	51,171	44,085	15,625	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,875	33,257	39,413	28,544	9,730	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,632,220	7,050,240	300,650	43,195	238,140	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,346	7,213	8,802	5,736	9,747	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,212	3,969	7,791	1,647	10,470	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,790,680	7,357,550	304,010	45,070	84,045	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,369	47,524	51,421	44,553	20,663	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,959	34,065	41,509	30,788	15,034	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	88.9	89.3	88.1	90.4	50.1	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	73.0	73.4	70.5	78.0	37.3	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	11.1	10.7	11.9	9.6	49.9	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	11,038,440	10,259,235	438,060	66,700	274,440	471,415
Without total income	481,515	448,030	13,435	6,950	13,100	16,905
With total income	10,556,925	9,811,205	424,630	59,755	261,340	454,505
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.6	96.9	89.6	95.2	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,613,065	1,482,485	45,280	13,905	71,395	52,230
$10,000 to $19,999	1,830,370	1,641,765	64,640	10,450	113,515	69,865
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410,910	1,308,405	53,835	6,830	41,840	57,250
$30,000 to $39,999	1,148,360	1,080,295	45,235	5,580	17,250	48,025
$40,000 to $49,999	1,022,795	965,640	44,545	4,650	7,960	46,870
$50,000 to $59,999	807,665	762,405	37,980	3,685	3,600	39,820
$60,000 to $69,999	633,355	597,295	30,830	3,095	2,135	32,375
$70,000 to $79,999	478,655	451,285	23,615	2,390	1,370	24,810
$80,000 to $89,999	377,720	355,510	19,290	2,095	820	20,340
$90,000 to $99,999	326,270	306,945	17,060	1,850	420	17,980
$100,000 and over	907,760	859,165	42,320	5,230	1,050	44,940
$100,000 to $149,999	601,345	567,015	29,835	3,730	760	31,700
$150,000 and over	306,415	292,150	12,485	1,500	285	13,235
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	11,038,440	10,259,230	438,060	66,705	274,440	471,415
Without after-tax income	478,505	445,260	13,215	6,950	13,085	16,690
With after-tax income	10,559,935	9,813,980	424,850	59,755	261,360	454,725
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	95.7	97.0	89.6	95.2	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,657,130	1,523,665	47,660	14,025	71,785	54,670
$10,000 to $19,999	1,908,380	1,715,620	67,090	10,750	114,925	72,465
$20,000 to $29,999	1,623,230	1,508,650	62,345	7,710	44,525	66,200
$30,000 to $39,999	1,378,455	1,298,070	56,930	6,480	16,975	60,170
$40,000 to $49,999	1,163,660	1,098,695	52,825	5,390	6,745	55,515
$50,000 to $59,999	848,475	799,265	42,025	4,190	2,995	44,115
$60,000 to $69,999	602,485	568,130	29,490	3,245	1,620	31,110
$70,000 to $79,999	466,820	439,320	24,150	2,625	725	25,465
$80,000 and over	911,295	862,565	42,345	5,335	1,055	45,010
$80,000 to $89,999	300,095	282,730	15,035	1,925	395	16,005
$90,000 to $99,999	174,575	164,365	8,930	1,050	230	9,460
$100,000 and over	436,625	415,465	18,370	2,355	430	19,545
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	11,038,440	10,259,235	438,060	66,705	274,440	471,415
Without employment income	3,247,760	2,901,680	134,050	21,635	190,395	144,865
With employment income	7,790,680	7,357,555	304,010	45,075	84,045	326,550
Percentage with employment income	70.6	71.7	69.4	67.6	30.6	69.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,095,500	1,033,480	41,905	7,335	12,775	45,575
$5,000 to $9,999	634,475	595,045	20,085	4,280	15,055	22,225
$10,000 to $19,999	1,025,985	964,635	32,010	6,310	23,030	35,165
$20,000 to $29,999	828,565	783,045	27,020	4,190	14,315	29,115
$30,000 to $39,999	768,600	729,605	26,475	4,130	8,395	28,545
$40,000 to $49,999	709,895	673,485	28,330	3,510	4,565	30,085
$50,000 to $59,999	588,020	557,270	25,620	2,925	2,200	27,085
$60,000 to $69,999	467,390	441,495	21,950	2,580	1,365	23,235
$70,000 to $79,999	368,255	347,845	17,510	2,000	900	18,510
$80,000 and over	1,303,995	1,231,650	63,100	7,805	1,440	67,005
$80,000 to $89,999	306,845	289,100	15,395	1,815	540	16,300
$90,000 to $99,999	282,190	265,515	14,710	1,655	305	15,540
$100,000 and over	714,955	677,035	32,995	4,330	590	35,160
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	11,038,440	10,259,230	438,065	66,705	274,440	471,415
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	3,737,385	3,545,260	149,410	18,845	23,870	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	55,121	55,027	62,147	60,359	27,236	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	68,628	68,707	72,449	70,675	31,272	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,045	547,280
English only	11,397,060	11,397,060	0	0	0	0
French only	39,025	0	39,030	0	0	39,025
English and French	1,481,995	927,925	462,010	92,055	0	508,040
Neither English nor French	324,085	4,800	200	35	319,050	215
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	13,242,160	12,329,780	501,235	92,090	319,050	547,285
English	10,280,855	10,083,670	197,185	0	0	197,185
French	274,550	8,020	266,530	0	0	266,525
Non-official language	1,903,375	1,508,905	6,395	69,025	319,050	40,905
Aboriginal	9,045	8,475	30	40	500	45
Non-Aboriginal	1,894,330	1,500,430	6,365	68,985	318,545	40,860
English and French	44,415	10,265	20,605	13,545	0	27,380
English and non-official language	713,920	712,465	1,455	0	0	1,455
French and non-official language	6,805	580	6,225	0	0	6,225
English, French and non-official language	18,235	5,870	2,845	9,520	0	7,605
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,045	547,285
None	11,027,250	10,419,235	267,100	45,955	294,960	290,080
English	883,070	720,760	116,685	33,730	11,885	133,555
French	240,690	141,095	97,345	2,145	110	98,415
Non-official language	1,048,770	1,018,830	14,615	3,495	11,830	16,355
Aboriginal	13,860	13,770	90	0	0	90
Non-Aboriginal	1,034,905	1,005,060	14,520	3,495	11,830	16,270
English and French	7,705	995	605	6,070	35	3,635
English and non-official language	18,375	14,590	3,135	440	205	3,355
French and non-official language	15,980	14,200	1,730	45	10	1,755
English, French and non-official language	330	75	20	215	20	125
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,050	547,285
English	8,860,650	8,860,225	425	0	0	425
French	486,275	16,835	469,440	0	0	469,440
Non-official language	3,541,390	3,130,720	15,780	75,845	319,050	53,700
Aboriginal	22,100	21,515	35	40	510	50
Non-Aboriginal	3,519,295	3,109,210	15,745	75,800	318,535	53,650
English and French	52,035	35,650	4,330	12,050	0	10,355
English and non-official language	278,550	278,470	75	0	0	80
French and non-official language	12,660	1,965	10,700	0	0	10,695
English, French and non-official language	10,600	5,915	485	4,205	0	2,585
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,050	547,285
Official languages	12,918,075	12,324,980	501,040	92,050	0	547,065
English	12,879,050	12,324,985	462,015	92,055	0	508,040
French	1,521,020	927,930	501,040	92,055	0	547,065
Non-official languages	4,431,270	3,963,380	66,860	81,980	319,050	107,850
Aboriginal languages	33,850	32,965	315	60	505	350
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,397,690	3,930,640	66,565	81,935	318,545	107,530
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,050	547,280
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	374,395	344,685	28,365	740	605	28,735
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	361,125	332,600	27,205	715	605	27,560
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	236,680	228,850	6,950	325	550	7,115
Métis	120,585	100,065	20,095	385	40	20,290
Inuk (Inuit)	3,860	3,685	150	0	20	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	5,730	5,170	540	25	0	550
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	7,540	6,910	620	0	0	620
Non-Aboriginal identity	12,867,765	11,985,100	472,875	91,350	318,445	518,545
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,050	547,280
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	170,895	165,255	4,830	280	525	4,970
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,071,260	12,164,525	496,405	91,810	318,520	542,310
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,050	547,280
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	112,875	106,695	5,505	135	535	5,575
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	111,575	105,630	5,280	135	535	5,345
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	97,430	94,460	2,400	60	510	2,430
Métis single ancestry	12,925	10,040	2,810	65	10	2,845
Inuit single ancestry	1,220	1,125	70	0	20	70
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	1,300	1,070	225	10	0	225
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,060	840	215	0	10	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	145	140	10	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	55	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	30	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	405,425	363,275	40,915	1,105	125	41,470
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	395,205	354,605	39,450	1,030	120	39,965
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	276,920	256,145	20,020	670	85	20,355
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	113,785	94,225	19,185	355	20	19,365
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,500	4,235	240	10	15	245
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	10,215	8,670	1,470	70	0	1,505
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,305	7,820	1,415	70	10	1,445
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	595	565	25	0	0	25
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	300	265	30	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	12,723,865	11,859,815	454,815	90,850	318,390	500,235
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,045	547,280
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	12,223,060	11,463,085	482,555	78,820	198,600	521,965
Canadian citizens only	11,528,035	10,830,640	465,645	57,520	174,230	494,405
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	695,030	632,450	16,905	21,300	24,370	27,560
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	1,019,095	866,695	18,685	13,265	120,445	25,320
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,050	547,280
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	9,188,820	8,676,385	440,505	34,650	37,280	457,830
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	3,852,150	3,472,280	56,250	55,380	268,240	83,935
Before 1981	1,077,740	1,015,175	11,390	6,540	44,640	14,660
1981 to 1990	513,990	467,465	5,860	6,405	34,260	9,065
1991 to 2000	834,505	750,040	10,185	12,390	61,895	16,385
2001 to 2010	953,730	845,565	17,980	21,545	68,640	28,750
2001 to 2005	490,560	439,725	7,870	10,150	32,820	12,940
2006 to 2010	463,170	405,840	10,110	11,390	35,825	15,810
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	472,170	394,035	10,830	8,505	58,805	15,080
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	201,200	181,120	4,485	2,060	13,530	5,515
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	3,852,145	3,472,275	56,245	55,385	268,235	83,940
Under 5 years	369,955	351,050	5,655	7,730	5,520	9,525
5 to 14 years	685,085	657,960	9,735	12,045	5,345	15,760
15 to 24 years	855,475	809,780	10,775	8,410	26,510	14,985
25 to 44 years	1,579,500	1,428,815	25,590	23,770	101,325	37,475
45 years and over	362,130	224,675	4,485	3,430	129,535	6,200
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	3,852,145	3,472,280	56,245	55,380	268,235	83,935
Americas	598,950	569,450	9,615	8,885	11,000	14,060
Brazil	14,710	13,305	95	845	460	525
Colombia	28,810	25,085	320	1,515	1,890	1,080
El Salvador	20,920	18,680	90	460	1,690	315
Guyana	79,745	79,685	15	0	40	20
Haiti	10,195	1,740	6,830	1,370	260	7,520
Jamaica	119,840	119,795	10	10	25	20
Mexico	30,075	27,645	165	1,120	1,150	725
Peru	10,550	9,465	60	375	650	250
Trinidad and Tobago	52,810	52,780	20	10	10	20
United States^{Footnote 47}	109,005	106,715	1,345	785	165	1,735
Other places of birth in Americas	122,280	114,570	660	2,400	4,650	1,860
Europe	1,144,295	1,057,840	14,680	15,180	56,600	22,265
Bosnia and Herzegovina	21,300	19,695	35	410	1,170	235
Croatia	27,330	26,100	35	190	1,000	130
France	13,385	3,875	9,230	255	25	9,355
Germany	63,460	62,220	440	685	120	785
Greece	36,575	33,495	40	225	2,815	145
Hungary	22,085	20,910	40	200	930	140
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	15,275	15,235	20	10	0	30
Italy	157,810	139,075	620	1,280	16,840	1,260
Netherlands	47,400	47,020	90	230	60	210
Poland	96,000	90,170	195	890	4,745	640
Portugal	103,020	85,075	440	1,030	16,480	950
Romania	42,720	36,555	430	3,945	1,790	2,405
Russian Federation	42,980	38,575	185	1,415	2,795	900
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	23,695	22,025	35	690	945	380
Ukraine	39,940	36,220	80	800	2,840	480
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	264,125	263,710	215	175	25	295
Other places of birth in Europe	127,190	117,890	2,545	2,750	4,005	3,915
Africa	226,770	186,580	26,380	9,590	4,225	31,175
Algeria	2,925	740	1,425	740	25	1,795
Egypt	34,510	29,610	1,760	2,175	970	2,840
Ethiopia	15,570	14,720	205	315	335	360
Kenya	14,940	14,725	45	75	95	80
Morocco	5,485	1,885	2,425	1,100	75	2,980
Nigeria	20,630	20,510	25	40	50	45
Somalia	16,970	15,000	420	440	1,110	640
South Africa, Republic of	19,390	19,255	65	50	25	85
Other places of birth in Africa	96,355	70,140	20,015	4,660	1,540	22,345
Asia	1,869,805	1,646,225	5,515	21,715	196,360	16,365
Afghanistan	33,145	29,135	85	390	3,540	275
Bangladesh	39,410	37,880	20	475	1,035	255
China^{Footnote 51}	317,225	226,805	405	2,635	87,375	1,725
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	108,030	99,400	35	610	7,990	340
India	360,540	327,505	190	2,060	30,785	1,220
Iran^{Footnote 53}	86,810	79,145	295	2,535	4,830	1,565
Iraq	50,390	43,480	85	570	6,255	370
Japan	8,145	7,775	30	65	270	60
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	57,085	50,660	85	590	5,750	385
Lebanon	34,545	26,325	2,445	4,010	1,765	4,450
Pakistan	142,270	136,045	110	1,160	4,945	695
Philippines	231,760	229,825	65	370	1,505	250
Sri Lanka	109,855	101,275	90	725	7,765	450
Syria^{Footnote 55}	22,675	15,100	255	755	6,565	630
Taiwan	17,840	16,100	20	170	1,555	105
Viet Nam	80,530	63,205	470	1,185	15,665	1,065
Other places of birth in Asia	169,555	156,570	830	3,400	8,755	2,530
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	12,325	12,185	55	25	55	70
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	472,170	394,035	10,830	8,505	58,800	15,080
Americas	60,700	54,605	1,940	1,680	2,475	2,780
Brazil	3,180	2,785	20	190	180	115
Colombia	4,520	3,765	50	240	465	170
Cuba	1,950	1,595	10	85	265	50
Haiti	2,575	585	1,520	365	95	1,705
Jamaica	8,930	8,930	0	0	0	0
Mexico	5,665	4,915	10	265	480	145
United States^{Footnote 58}	14,630	14,140	185	190	120	280
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	2,460	2,165	15	135	145	85
Other places of birth in Americas	16,775	15,720	125	215	715	230
Europe	45,295	36,835	2,145	1,360	4,955	2,820
France	2,010	195	1,770	30	10	1,790
Germany	1,695	1,555	25	95	25	70
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	1,905	1,880	15	0	0	15
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	880	715	10	90	70	50
Romania	2,425	1,635	30	280	480	170
Russian Federation	4,900	3,890	10	155	845	85
Ukraine	4,455	3,555	20	130	755	85
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	7,775	7,740	15	20	10	25
Other places of birth in Europe	19,250	15,670	250	555	2,765	525
Africa	39,375	29,940	6,080	1,920	1,435	7,040
Algeria	415	120	185	105	0	240
Cameroon	1,390	600	765	20	0	780
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,835	365	1,285	165	25	1,365
Côte d'Ivoire	605	30	560	10	0	565
Egypt	8,225	7,060	195	665	305	530
Eritrea	2,055	1,780	0	0	275	0
Ethiopia	2,505	2,330	15	25	130	30
Morocco	655	280	255	100	15	300
Nigeria	5,910	5,875	15	0	20	20
Somalia	2,060	1,705	35	15	305	45
South Africa, Republic of	1,410	1,365	15	15	15	20
Tunisia	310	70	150	90	0	195
Other places of birth in Africa	12,010	8,350	2,605	705	345	2,960
Asia	324,825	270,690	660	3,550	49,920	2,435
Afghanistan	5,790	4,820	0	75	890	40
Bangladesh	8,180	7,670	0	90	420	45
China^{Footnote 63}	58,840	35,915	55	405	22,465	255
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	1,990	1,815	0	20	155	10
India	69,330	61,945	35	295	7,050	180
Iran^{Footnote 65}	21,230	18,545	50	745	1,890	420
Iraq	14,650	11,100	10	130	3,405	75
Israel	2,050	1,930	0	65	55	30
Japan	1,385	1,360	0	10	25	10
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	6,325	5,655	10	85	575	55
Lebanon	3,230	2,145	250	495	340	500
Nepal	3,395	3,035	25	105	225	80
Pakistan	25,440	23,820	10	120	1,490	70
Philippines	53,190	52,705	15	115	355	75
Saudi Arabia	3,140	2,955	25	90	70	70
Sri Lanka	8,185	7,125	15	35	1,010	30
Syria^{Footnote 67}	12,710	6,245	60	285	6,120	200
Taiwan	1,015	940	0	10	65	0
Turkey	2,590	2,115	15	90	375	55
United Arab Emirates	4,290	4,150	20	50	65	45
Viet Nam	3,885	2,750	15	45	1,070	40
Other places of birth in Asia	13,995	11,950	55	205	1,780	155
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	1,980	1,965	10	0	10	0
Australia	1,535	1,530	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	445	430	0	0	10	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,095	319,045	547,280
First generation^{Footnote 71}	4,122,840	3,718,980	62,950	58,000	282,915	91,950
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	3,049,835	2,951,410	39,400	26,695	32,330	52,745
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	6,069,490	5,659,395	398,890	7,400	3,805	402,590
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	2,825,480	2,502,980	45,505	49,390	227,610	70,200
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	1,364,380	1,267,955	21,150	31,190	44,080	36,745
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	540,795	500,245	10,075	11,400	19,080	15,775
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	823,585	767,715	11,075	19,790	25,005	20,970
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	940,410	790,395	11,545	8,125	130,345	15,610
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	482,660	413,445	11,835	9,460	47,920	16,565
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	38,035	31,185	970	615	5,260	1,280
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,095	319,050	547,280
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	3,885,585	3,533,165	58,055	52,395	241,965	84,250
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	1,150,415	1,079,865	2,975	12,000	55,580	8,975
Chinese	754,550	626,515	2,755	7,360	117,910	6,435
Black	627,710	578,740	38,360	6,880	3,735	41,800
Filipino	311,670	309,010	345	665	1,650	680
Latin American	195,950	177,570	1,405	6,295	10,675	4,555
Arab	210,440	177,300	7,000	9,985	16,150	11,990
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	133,855	118,755	1,235	1,960	11,915	2,215
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	154,670	139,570	600	3,885	10,615	2,545
Korean	88,940	80,190	230	995	7,520	730
Japanese	30,835	29,745	180	200	705	275
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	97,970	94,425	1,315	780	1,450	1,705
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	128,590	121,485	1,650	1,390	4,060	2,345
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	9,356,575	8,796,615	443,180	39,695	77,085	463,030
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	13,242,160	12,329,785	501,235	92,090	319,050	547,280
North American Aboriginal origins	518,295	469,970	46,425	1,240	660	47,045
First Nations (North American Indian)	385,500	360,020	24,075	805	600	24,485
Inuit	6,865	6,445	375	15	35	385
Métis	137,485	113,295	23,660	495	35	23,910
Other North American origins	3,220,595	2,930,890	276,090	7,695	5,920	279,935
Acadian	16,585	12,395	4,085	100	0	4,135
American	140,165	137,105	2,470	305	280	2,625
Canadian	3,109,765	2,826,725	270,025	7,320	5,700	273,685
New Brunswicker	320	250	65	0	0	65
Newfoundlander	10,850	10,760	65	10	10	75
Nova Scotian	1,490	1,455	20	15	0	25
Ontarian	2,160	1,510	625	20	10	640
Québécois	5,390	2,870	2,440	75	10	2,480
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	675	665	10	0	10	0
European origins	8,151,465	7,746,030	297,055	35,975	72,405	315,045
British Isles origins	4,900,435	4,821,565	73,010	4,735	1,120	75,380
Channel Islander	1,120	1,095	25	0	0	20
Cornish	755	745	0	0	0	0
English	2,808,810	2,776,145	29,420	2,485	755	30,665
Irish	2,095,465	2,056,530	36,485	2,005	440	37,490
Manx	2,450	2,425	20	0	0	20
Scottish	2,107,290	2,085,245	20,280	1,500	270	21,030
Welsh	198,475	197,310	1,020	115	25	1,075
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	323,185	320,110	2,620	385	70	2,810
French origins	1,350,520	1,079,355	263,465	7,110	595	267,020
Alsatian	1,240	1,195	45	0	0	45
Breton	285	105	190	0	0	185
Corsican	205	135	65	10	0	70
French	1,349,260	1,078,170	263,390	7,100	600	266,940
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,766,975	1,735,070	23,405	4,425	4,075	25,615
Austrian	72,475	71,215	750	390	110	950
Bavarian	450	435	0	15	0	10
Belgian	57,890	53,040	4,615	205	35	4,715
Dutch	527,750	523,645	2,880	665	555	3,215
Flemish	4,005	3,690	265	45	0	285
Frisian	2,705	2,705	0	0	0	0
German	1,189,670	1,169,470	13,985	2,975	3,245	15,470
Luxembourger	915	750	155	0	0	160
Swiss	59,835	56,385	2,265	555	635	2,540
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	1,090	1,055	25	10	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	266,080	262,660	2,675	525	220	2,935
Danish	53,555	53,080	365	90	20	410
Finnish	76,755	75,705	725	195	130	825
Icelandic	13,215	13,105	95	10	0	105
Norwegian	59,335	58,535	695	85	20	735
Swedish	71,035	70,130	685	170	45	770
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	12,535	12,290	215	20	15	225
Eastern European origins	1,339,610	1,294,330	11,070	14,725	19,485	18,430
Bulgarian	16,755	15,570	250	640	290	570
Byelorussian	11,695	10,825	45	335	490	215
Czech	42,345	41,395	375	310	265	530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	14,810	14,650	125	15	20	135
Estonian	15,075	14,770	105	150	50	175
Hungarian	163,500	159,420	1,170	1,045	1,865	1,695
Latvian	18,100	17,745	120	120	110	185
Lithuanian	35,100	34,405	335	220	145	445
Moldovan	3,905	3,465	25	225	185	140
Polish	523,490	509,650	4,545	3,265	6,035	6,175
Romanian	98,235	90,580	1,060	4,560	2,040	3,340
Russian	220,850	209,835	1,400	3,730	5,885	3,265
Slovak	40,530	39,150	315	330	740	480
Ukrainian	376,445	366,895	2,510	2,660	4,370	3,840
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	10,335	10,160	70	80	25	110
Southern European origins	1,772,165	1,689,495	21,140	13,665	47,870	27,970
Albanian	25,980	23,610	150	460	1,755	375
Bosnian	14,680	13,695	50	330	610	210
Catalan	285	225	35	30	0	45
Croatian	82,215	80,045	465	655	1,055	795
Cypriot	4,400	4,285	45	0	65	50
Greek	148,555	142,855	1,415	1,090	3,190	1,965
Italian	931,805	897,475	12,200	4,100	18,030	14,250
Kosovar	1,305	1,190	0	0	110	0
Macedonian	39,445	38,385	90	250	720	215
Maltese	35,255	34,990	185	35	45	200
Montenegrin	2,545	2,375	10	95	60	60
Portuguese	324,930	302,110	2,635	2,425	17,760	3,850
Serbian	66,835	62,620	240	1,930	2,045	1,205
Sicilian	4,190	4,085	65	10	35	70
Slovenian	26,485	26,120	160	120	85	220
Spanish	171,145	159,410	4,400	3,940	3,400	6,370
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	20,245	19,800	145	110	195	195
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	965	895	10	40	20	30
Other European origins	105,870	99,840	2,185	1,485	2,355	2,925
Basque	1,585	1,270	260	50	0	285
Jewish	77,285	73,060	1,065	1,250	1,910	1,690
Roma (Gypsy)	2,295	2,045	20	15	215	30
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	2,065	1,990	20	25	35	35
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	23,290	22,110	835	155	195	910
Caribbean origins	462,600	446,325	12,240	2,635	1,400	13,555
Antiguan	3,275	3,250	10	15	0	20
Bahamian	2,305	2,275	25	10	0	25
Barbadian	26,625	26,430	95	80	20	135
Bermudan	2,010	2,000	10	0	0	15
Carib	2,295	2,290	0	10	0	0
Cuban	14,485	13,435	170	330	550	335
Dominican	9,185	8,405	255	185	340	345
Grenadian	14,690	14,635	50	10	0	55
Guadeloupean	65	45	20	0	0	20
Haitian	17,720	5,620	10,260	1,575	270	11,050
Jamaican	257,060	255,890	790	290	90	935
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,265	2,255	0	0	0	0
Martinican	195	90	100	0	0	100
Montserratan	620	620	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	1,495	1,470	0	25	0	15
St. Lucian	7,175	7,010	135	25	0	150
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	59,565	59,245	250	65	10	280
Vincentian/Grenadinian	12,155	12,120	10	25	0	20
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	56,865	56,350	270	125	125	330
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	16,970	16,550	340	60	20	370
Latin, Central and South American origins	322,210	301,265	2,915	7,585	10,450	6,705
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10,795	9,920	240	325	300	410
Arawak	1,050	1,025	20	0	0	25
Argentinian	11,465	10,620	190	360	285	375
Belizean	805	805	0	0	10	0
Bolivian	1,885	1,715	35	110	25	95
Brazilian	18,395	17,005	150	595	640	455
Chilean	14,625	13,725	175	275	455	310
Colombian	40,820	35,885	450	2,115	2,370	1,505
Costa Rican	2,790	2,565	15	70	135	50
Ecuadorian	20,385	19,140	40	220	990	150
Guatemalan	10,040	9,435	85	170	345	170
Guyanese	73,360	73,120	180	40	25	200
Hispanic	5,805	5,370	35	165	235	115
Honduran	3,360	3,110	45	50	160	70
Maya	2,495	2,235	70	70	120	110
Mexican	43,120	39,120	585	1,600	1,815	1,385
Nicaraguan	7,100	6,540	100	210	250	205
Panamanian	2,475	2,380	20	40	30	40
Paraguayan	600	555	10	20	25	10
Peruvian	14,785	13,585	180	445	575	400
Salvadorean	27,595	25,535	240	540	1,280	505
Uruguayan	4,200	3,945	10	65	190	40
Venezuelan	11,745	10,700	135	635	280	445
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	14,095	13,325	110	200	465	210
African origins	414,100	360,315	37,295	11,015	5,480	42,795
Central and West African origins	85,735	68,720	15,015	1,570	435	15,800
Akan	965	855	80	15	10	90
Angolan	1,630	1,295	230	90	25	275
Ashanti	1,205	1,200	0	0	0	10
Beninese	550	310	240	0	0	235
Burkinabe	420	110	305	0	0	310
Cameroonian	4,695	1,880	2,625	185	0	2,720
Chadian	645	405	145	65	30	185
Congolese	10,420	2,245	7,450	670	55	7,785
Edo	1,025	1,020	0	10	0	0
Ewe	180	160	15	0	0	15
Gabonese	165	10	135	15	0	145
Gambian	635	625	0	10	0	0
Ghanaian	24,845	24,470	145	85	150	190
Guinean	1,105	425	620	50	15	645
Ibo	1,940	1,895	10	10	25	15
Ivorian	1,350	280	1,050	15	0	1,055
Liberian	770	730	15	15	0	20
Malian	490	125	325	30	10	345
Malinké	345	165	160	10	0	170
Nigerian	26,560	26,250	175	70	65	215
Peulh	130	0	110	10	10	115
Senegalese	1,000	235	690	60	20	720
Sierra Leonean	1,175	1,095	55	10	15	55
Togolese	670	205	405	60	0	430
Wolof	80	20	45	15	0	50
Yoruba	4,055	3,995	35	25	0	40
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	4,745	3,270	1,290	150	35	1,370
North African origins	86,665	71,500	8,185	5,170	1,805	10,770
Algerian	4,065	1,650	1,720	660	40	2,050
Berber	1,845	635	755	450	10	980
Coptic	2,310	2,020	90	100	95	145
Dinka	205	210	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	52,840	47,090	2,200	2,350	1,200	3,375
Libyan	3,780	3,600	15	75	95	50
Maure	290	260	25	10	0	25
Moroccan	12,305	8,260	2,785	1,110	150	3,340
Sudanese	8,970	8,570	20	120	260	80
Tunisian	2,290	1,125	810	335	20	980
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	1,750	1,145	320	240	40	440
Southern and East African origins	128,910	114,930	7,925	3,275	2,785	9,560
Afrikaner	560	560	0	0	0	10
Amhara	720	700	15	0	10	15
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	870	460	350	55	15	375
Burundian	3,110	670	2,050	330	65	2,215
Djiboutian	1,035	360	545	95	40	590
Eritrean	11,870	11,245	35	130	455	100
Ethiopian	22,555	21,500	325	325	410	485
Harari	475	455	0	10	10	0
Kenyan	5,860	5,785	25	40	10	45
Malagasy	435	165	220	40	0	245
Mauritian	3,605	1,785	1,335	465	20	1,565
Oromo	1,290	1,205	30	25	35	40
Rwandan	3,210	1,525	1,245	400	40	1,445
Seychellois	350	275	30	30	10	50
Somali	40,995	36,580	1,655	1,205	1,555	2,255
South African	19,760	19,570	105	70	15	135
Tanzanian	2,615	2,520	20	35	45	35
Tigrian	770	695	0	20	55	10
Ugandan	2,950	2,910	35	0	0	30
Zambian	805	790	10	15	0	10
Zimbabwean	3,430	3,400	0	15	10	10
Zulu	440	420	10	0	0	15
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	8,475	7,720	470	195	90	570
Other African origins	119,665	110,835	7,055	1,265	515	7,690
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	17,385	16,610	630	110	30	685
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	103,560	95,250	6,625	1,195	485	7,225
Asian origins	3,100,450	2,810,060	19,715	40,480	230,200	39,955
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	523,335	464,035	9,830	16,725	32,745	18,190
Afghan	54,535	49,200	125	975	4,230	615
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	44,705	38,140	1,410	1,420	3,740	2,115
Armenian	29,675	25,665	840	1,710	1,465	1,695
Assyrian	12,075	10,505	40	100	1,435	85
Azerbaijani	4,105	3,785	30	80	210	70
Georgian	2,815	2,485	10	90	230	55
Hazara	680	610	20	15	40	30
Iranian	117,065	107,165	660	3,420	5,815	2,370
Iraqi	50,455	44,490	125	730	5,110	495
Israeli	17,080	16,505	250	175	155	335
Jordanian	9,655	9,145	75	275	160	215
Kazakh	1,325	1,205	10	35	75	25
Kurd	9,205	8,285	30	225	670	140
Kuwaiti	1,510	1,390	0	30	80	20
Kyrgyz	340	310	0	10	20	0
Lebanese	86,245	73,635	5,210	5,515	1,885	7,965
Palestinian	28,485	26,890	220	690	680	565
Pashtun	3,010	2,705	40	40	225	60
Saudi Arabian	3,665	3,390	10	25	240	20
Syrian	31,440	24,015	835	955	5,640	1,310
Tajik	1,850	1,635	0	55	150	35
Tatar	2,135	1,925	25	85	105	65
Turk	34,165	31,080	540	945	1,600	1,015
Turkmen	700	615	15	25	45	25
Uighur	760	655	0	25	80	15
Uzbek	2,400	2,210	10	45	135	30
Yemeni	4,220	3,785	140	135	165	210
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	16,265	14,780	195	425	870	410
South Asian origins	1,182,850	1,112,210	4,070	12,195	54,380	10,165
Bangladeshi	29,195	27,870	20	435	870	235
Bengali	15,235	14,540	30	290	370	175
Bhutanese	1,445	830	10	180	430	100
East Indian	774,500	730,240	3,370	6,845	34,050	6,790
Goan	4,770	4,760	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5,910	5,330	10	45	525	35
Kashmiri	1,795	1,695	0	40	55	20
Nepali	8,150	7,090	70	295	700	220
Pakistani	149,060	142,220	195	1,600	5,045	1,000
Punjabi	55,455	49,125	45	880	5,405	485
Sinhalese	5,195	5,045	0	70	70	40
Sri Lankan	124,270	116,095	160	1,500	6,510	915
Tamil	42,760	39,435	105	655	2,565	430
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	58,705	55,265	150	630	2,665	465
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,422,895	1,261,885	6,095	11,910	143,010	12,050
Burmese	4,420	4,150	15	20	240	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	14,655	13,085	255	145	1,175	325
Chinese	849,345	716,580	3,795	7,960	121,010	7,775
Filipino	337,760	334,940	390	710	1,720	745
Hmong	650	620	0	0	20	0
Indonesian	9,325	9,080	25	70	150	65
Japanese	41,625	40,220	275	320	805	435
Karen	1,645	1,430	0	0	215	0
Korean	93,420	84,310	255	1,045	7,815	770
Laotian	9,880	9,220	105	165	390	185
Malaysian	7,310	7,150	55	25	80	70
Mongolian	2,940	2,710	85	70	75	120
Singaporean	1,260	1,250	0	0	10	10
Taiwanese	10,060	9,290	55	155	570	135
Thai	6,865	6,375	80	40	355	105
Tibetan	6,365	5,745	0	55	565	35
Vietnamese	107,640	93,260	1,170	1,730	11,475	2,035
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	4,380	4,180	40	50	115	65
Other Asian origins	13,430	12,655	60	105	615	105
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	13,430	12,650	55	105	620	105
Oceania origins	20,680	20,380	255	15	35	265
Australian	13,310	13,130	170	0	0	170
New Zealander	4,255	4,190	60	0	0	60
Pacific Islands origins	3,490	3,420	35	10	25	40
Fijian	1,610	1,580	0	0	25	10
Hawaiian	470	470	0	0	0	0
Maori	485	480	0	0	0	0
Samoan	225	220	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	275	260	15	0	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	555	530	15	10	0	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	11,038,440	10,259,235	438,060	66,705	274,440	471,415
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,935,355	1,681,555	80,470	9,885	163,445	85,415
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	3,026,095	2,841,380	108,565	13,715	62,435	115,425
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,076,985	5,736,300	249,025	43,100	48,560	270,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	664,175	619,330	35,305	2,530	7,015	36,570
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	324,370	299,290	19,200	1,405	4,480	19,900
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	339,805	320,040	16,105	1,125	2,535	16,675
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,298,710	2,174,200	101,415	8,205	14,890	105,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	242,005	224,540	10,655	1,910	4,905	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,872,085	2,718,235	101,650	30,460	21,750	116,875
Bachelor's degree	1,911,530	1,817,020	63,560	15,550	15,395	71,335
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	189,370	176,100	8,150	3,000	2,120	9,650
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	79,755	75,395	2,115	1,080	1,170	2,650
Master's degree	593,645	559,245	23,470	8,350	2,580	27,645
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	97,790	90,465	4,360	2,485	490	5,600
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	11,038,440	10,259,235	438,065	66,705	274,440	471,415
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	4,961,455	4,522,930	189,040	23,605	225,880	200,845
Education	349,750	321,590	21,710	2,445	4,000	22,935
13. Education	349,750	321,590	21,710	2,445	4,005	22,935
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	246,070	235,340	7,590	1,370	1,765	8,280
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	38,750	37,175	1,350	130	90	1,415
50. Visual and performing arts	207,330	198,165	6,245	1,240	1,680	6,860
Humanities	359,560	337,205	14,605	4,110	3,635	16,665
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	37,900	31,960	3,380	1,345	1,215	4,050
23. English language and literature/letters	98,440	96,005	1,445	610	385	1,750
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95,345	90,240	3,215	550	1,340	3,490
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	2,160	2,055	90	15	0	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	24,250	22,975	990	180	105	1,080
39. Theology and religious vocations	28,175	27,045	755	195	180	855
54. History	57,295	54,890	1,760	270	370	1,895
55. French language and literature/letters	15,990	12,030	2,970	950	45	3,445
Social and behavioural sciences and law	810,410	768,905	31,110	6,215	4,180	34,215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10,765	10,040	495	195	35	595
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	81,500	77,375	3,340	515	270	3,595
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	141,745	134,630	5,315	620	1,180	5,625
22. Legal professions and studies	128,860	121,605	5,550	985	725	6,040
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	16,210	15,170	900	135	10	965
42. Psychology	122,550	117,155	4,600	615	180	4,905
45. Social sciences	308,775	292,935	10,910	3,145	1,785	12,485
Business, management and public administration	1,279,665	1,209,290	52,940	9,115	8,315	57,500
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,730	2,600	110	15	0	115
44. Public administration and social service professions	108,935	103,010	5,230	555	145	5,505
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,168,000	1,103,680	47,605	8,540	8,175	51,880
Physical and life sciences and technologies	253,905	240,715	7,800	2,725	2,670	9,160
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110,950	105,750	3,470	1,315	415	4,125
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	54,745	52,760	1,280	400	305	1,480
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	3,830	3,550	200	65	15	230
40. Physical sciences	72,350	67,350	2,335	885	1,780	2,780
41. Science technologies/technicians	12,025	11,310	515	55	150	540
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	290,040	275,270	10,110	2,995	1,665	11,605
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220,555	209,690	7,820	2,250	795	8,940
25. Library science	15,225	14,270	735	105	115	780
27. Mathematics and statistics	49,030	46,370	1,325	580	750	1,615
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	5,240	4,940	235	60	0	265
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,173,035	1,105,150	46,685	7,820	13,380	50,595
04. Architecture and related services	51,850	49,420	1,425	585	415	1,720
14. Engineering	334,080	314,155	7,995	5,195	6,740	10,590
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	237,780	224,265	10,565	710	2,240	10,920
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	160	155	10	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	198,790	187,875	8,835	470	1,605	9,070
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225,860	211,900	12,010	565	1,385	12,290
48. Precision production	124,515	117,380	5,855	290	990	6,000
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	106,895	101,030	4,240	605	1,025	4,545
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	66,035	62,485	2,315	390	840	2,515
03. Natural resources and conservation	40,860	38,540	1,925	210	185	2,030
Health and related fields	865,965	821,070	35,035	4,440	5,420	37,255
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	75,715	72,780	2,465	170	295	2,550
51. Health professions and related programs	767,680	727,005	31,895	3,940	4,840	33,865
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	22,570	21,280	675	325	285	840
Personal, protective and transportation services	340,280	319,385	17,140	1,255	2,500	17,770
12. Personal and culinary services	183,925	172,455	8,735	790	1,940	9,135
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,130	1,840	255	15	15	265
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	2,615	2,230	285	10	90	290
43. Security and protective services	98,325	93,465	4,540	245	75	4,665
49. Transportation and materials moving	53,290	49,395	3,315	195	380	3,415
Other	1,405	1,345	55	10	0	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,405	1,350	55	0	0	55
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	11,038,440	10,259,230	438,060	66,705	274,445	471,415
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,961,455	4,522,935	189,040	23,605	225,880	200,840
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	6,076,985	5,736,300	249,025	43,100	48,565	270,575
Location of study inside Canada	4,786,950	4,533,395	226,660	23,180	3,725	238,245
Same as province or territory of residence	4,414,485	4,214,500	178,260	18,120	3,605	187,320
Different than province or territory of residence	372,470	318,895	48,400	5,060	120	50,925
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	1,290,030	1,202,900	22,365	19,925	44,845	32,330
United States^{Footnote 130}	167,255	162,665	3,255	1,215	130	3,860
Philippines	115,410	115,175	30	55	145	60
India	169,345	166,460	125	395	2,365	320
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	115,690	113,845	1,205	590	45	1,500
China^{Footnote 132}	98,415	77,980	100	305	20,025	255
France	10,775	2,580	7,105	1,080	0	7,645
Other	613,145	564,195	10,540	16,285	22,120	18,685
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	11,038,440	10,259,230	438,065	66,705	274,445	not applicable ...
In the labour force	7,141,675	6,759,665	272,660	43,535	65,815	not applicable ...
Employed	6,612,150	6,260,275	254,580	38,710	58,585	not applicable ...
Unemployed	529,525	499,385	18,075	4,825	7,230	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	3,896,765	3,499,570	165,400	23,165	208,625	not applicable ...
Participation rate	64.7	65.9	62.2	65.3	24.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	59.9	61.0	58.1	58.0	21.3	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.4	6.6	11.1	11.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	11,038,440	10,259,230	438,060	66,705	274,445	471,415
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	3,696,230	3,311,530	155,280	22,955	206,465	166,760
Worked	7,342,210	6,947,700	282,780	43,750	67,980	304,655
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	3,837,565	3,639,705	152,765	19,605	25,490	162,570
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	3,504,640	3,308,000	130,015	24,140	42,485	142,085
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	42.9	43.4	39.9	39.8	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	7,579,085	7,170,340	290,320	46,075	72,350	313,355
a.Management	830,935	789,735	31,615	4,230	5,355	33,730
00 Senior management occupations	89,040	84,115	4,135	435	360	4,355
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	298,360	282,235	13,335	2,075	705	14,375
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	267,795	256,130	7,880	1,140	2,645	8,445
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	175,735	167,250	6,260	580	1,645	6,550
b.Professional	1,477,345	1,395,710	64,505	14,895	2,240	71,950
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	291,915	278,185	10,765	2,410	555	11,970
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	337,315	321,675	10,740	4,330	570	12,900
30 Professional occupations in nursing	115,910	111,035	4,440	360	80	4,620
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	109,315	104,330	3,825	1,080	85	4,365
40 Professional occupations in education services	310,755	287,195	19,415	3,890	255	21,360
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	220,605	207,040	11,265	1,915	385	12,225
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	91,520	86,245	4,060	910	305	4,515
c.Technical and paraprofessional	734,605	696,970	31,045	4,590	2,000	33,340
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	208,130	197,900	8,185	1,485	555	8,930
32 Technical occupations in health	128,170	121,950	5,305	495	430	5,550
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	163,885	154,580	7,645	1,250	405	8,275
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	60,565	56,090	4,365	105	10	4,415
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	173,850	166,445	5,545	1,255	610	6,175
d.Administration and administrative support	931,540	881,085	41,330	5,620	3,500	44,140
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	386,975	363,540	19,985	2,485	965	21,230
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	79,355	75,640	2,975	465	280	3,205
14 Office support occupations	323,800	306,485	13,705	2,155	1,450	14,785
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	141,405	135,420	4,665	515	810	4,920
e.Sales	779,080	746,560	22,550	4,385	5,585	24,745
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	190,910	183,800	5,325	1,125	655	5,890
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	344,985	331,135	9,705	1,905	2,245	10,655
66 Sales support occupations	243,185	231,625	7,520	1,360	2,680	8,195
f.Personal and customer information services	1,309,250	1,228,710	47,730	7,755	25,055	51,605
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	118,505	112,710	4,800	665	325	5,135
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	148,740	139,215	5,895	735	2,895	6,265
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	222,020	204,780	7,065	1,120	9,060	7,625
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	382,655	360,555	15,650	2,955	3,495	17,125
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	437,320	411,445	14,320	2,280	9,280	15,460
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	509,880	482,800	20,015	1,330	5,735	20,675
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	327,870	310,045	12,255	910	4,660	12,715
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	182,005	172,755	7,755	415	1,080	7,965
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	484,140	458,945	17,065	1,735	6,395	17,930
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	122,110	117,230	2,930	290	1,655	3,080
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	266,020	251,860	10,695	1,120	2,345	11,255
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	96,015	89,855	3,440	320	2,395	3,605
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	131,430	122,550	6,675	295	1,915	6,820
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	26,275	23,020	3,135	50	65	3,160
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	43,450	40,525	1,645	110	1,165	1,695
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	61,715	59,005	1,895	135	680	1,965
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	390,875	367,275	7,800	1,240	14,560	8,420
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	49,520	47,655	1,450	150	270	1,525
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	98,860	91,580	2,320	315	4,645	2,480
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	124,870	119,530	1,710	395	3,245	1,900
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	117,625	108,515	2,320	380	6,405	2,515
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	7,579,080	7,170,335	290,320	46,075	72,350	313,355
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	115,130	108,000	4,775	285	2,065	4,915
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	101,190	95,595	3,365	245	1,985	3,485
113 Forestry and logging	4,870	3,805	1,040	20	0	1,045
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	1,215	1,135	50	0	30	50
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	7,850	7,465	325	20	40	335
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	34,750	29,015	5,565	100	70	5,620
211 Oil and gas extraction	3,180	3,010	140	10	15	145
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	22,490	18,355	4,030	65	40	4,060
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	9,080	7,645	1,395	25	15	1,405
22 Utilities	54,095	52,240	1,610	185	65	1,705
221 Utilities	54,090	52,235	1,610	180	65	1,700
23 Construction	511,985	483,140	19,565	1,745	7,535	20,435
236 Construction of buildings	150,905	141,505	5,650	645	3,110	5,970
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	55,315	52,375	2,235	160	535	2,320
238 Specialty trade contractors	305,760	289,255	11,680	940	3,890	12,150
31-33 Manufacturing	724,465	688,765	17,465	2,970	15,260	18,950
311 Food manufacturing	88,580	82,620	1,905	455	3,595	2,135
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	13,880	13,415	365	55	50	390
313 Textile mills	3,615	3,300	125	15	175	130
314 Textile product mills	4,000	3,650	105	25	225	115
315 Clothing manufacturing	9,955	7,750	120	40	2,045	140
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	1,765	1,670	30	10	55	40
321 Wood product manufacturing	18,955	16,805	1,825	75	260	1,855
322 Paper manufacturing	18,305	17,170	895	45	200	915
323 Printing and related support activities	29,495	28,270	665	100	460	715
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	3,690	3,530	135	15	15	135
325 Chemical manufacturing	44,530	42,825	1,010	275	420	1,145
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	45,945	43,750	700	150	1,350	775
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	20,740	19,785	715	50	195	735
331 Primary metal manufacturing	30,620	29,340	1,070	55	160	1,095
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	67,725	64,860	1,490	215	1,160	1,600
333 Machinery manufacturing	55,275	53,260	1,275	200	530	1,375
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	31,980	30,430	810	245	490	935
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	16,285	15,675	295	95	220	345
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	152,480	148,070	2,315	535	1,555	2,585
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	31,715	29,440	760	125	1,395	815
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	34,925	33,135	875	195	710	975
41 Wholesale trade	286,730	272,325	9,270	1,645	3,495	10,090
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	4,720	4,475	115	15	110	125
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	4,305	4,085	200	15	10	205
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	43,960	41,250	1,035	280	1,390	1,175
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	44,025	41,920	1,240	345	515	1,420
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	18,470	17,565	760	80	65	800
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	43,545	41,720	1,400	110	315	1,455
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	82,500	78,375	3,215	605	305	3,515
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	34,170	32,510	965	130	570	1,030
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	11,035	10,430	335	65	205	365
44-45 Retail trade	862,915	825,095	25,970	4,105	7,745	28,025
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	89,920	85,720	3,635	270	295	3,775
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	33,005	31,705	870	120	310	935
443 Electronics and appliance stores	32,530	31,515	665	145	205	740
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	61,460	58,980	2,125	135	215	2,195
445 Food and beverage stores	200,675	190,045	5,620	865	4,135	6,055
446 Health and personal care stores	82,940	79,365	2,635	560	375	2,915
447 Gasoline stations	19,645	18,655	760	130	105	820
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	106,225	102,060	2,445	785	935	2,840
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	38,110	36,870	975	120	145	1,035
452 General merchandise stores	114,025	109,345	3,795	580	300	4,085
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	55,350	53,045	1,670	245	390	1,790
454 Non-store retailers	29,030	27,780	775	145	330	850
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	352,380	335,305	12,800	1,955	2,310	13,780
481 Air transportation	23,760	21,715	1,740	290	10	1,890
482 Rail transportation	9,275	8,565	655	45	0	680
483 Water transportation	1,855	1,760	80	10	0	85
484 Truck transportation	101,890	97,330	3,025	430	1,095	3,245
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	76,155	72,610	2,725	480	345	2,965
486 Pipeline transportation	680	640	45	0	0	40
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	1,040	975	50	0	10	50
488 Support activities for transportation	46,120	43,975	1,545	320	280	1,705
491 Postal service	29,640	27,875	1,545	150	65	1,620
492 Couriers and messengers	31,090	29,975	785	135	195	850
493 Warehousing and storage	30,880	29,880	595	90	310	640
51 Information and cultural industries	189,500	181,945	5,795	1,365	385	6,480
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	40,515	39,025	1,080	235	175	1,200
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	37,325	36,180	850	225	65	965
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	19,180	18,205	800	125	50	865
517 Telecommunications	60,645	58,090	1,975	540	40	2,245
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	8,740	8,460	190	60	30	225
519 Other information services	23,080	21,980	900	175	30	985
52 Finance and insurance	401,095	384,650	12,395	3,170	875	13,980
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	1,335	1,020	255	55	0	285
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	206,515	198,130	6,235	1,880	265	7,175
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	66,390	64,070	1,615	415	300	1,815
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	123,950	118,610	4,220	815	305	4,630
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	2,900	2,820	70	10	10	70
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	156,665	150,620	4,020	940	1,090	4,495
531 Real estate	136,810	131,645	3,330	825	1,015	3,745
532 Rental and leasing services	18,995	18,150	675	105	75	725
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	855	825	20	15	0	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	614,355	588,625	18,030	5,180	2,525	20,620
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	614,360	588,630	18,030	5,180	2,525	20,620
55 Management of companies and enterprises	13,165	12,670	390	70	30	425
551 Management of companies and enterprises	13,165	12,675	390	70	30	425
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	379,185	358,300	12,805	2,310	5,770	13,955
561 Administrative and support services	362,670	342,460	12,240	2,265	5,705	13,375
562 Waste management and remediation services	16,515	15,840	560	40	65	580
61 Educational services	583,985	542,970	34,160	5,960	905	37,135
611 Educational services	583,985	542,965	34,155	5,960	905	37,135
62 Health care and social assistance	805,320	764,875	33,210	4,190	3,040	35,305
621 Ambulatory health care services	266,565	254,595	9,575	1,475	920	10,315
622 Hospitals	223,135	212,045	9,795	1,140	150	10,360
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	151,220	143,765	6,425	575	465	6,710
624 Social assistance	164,400	154,470	7,415	1,000	1,510	7,920
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	173,925	167,480	5,100	885	465	5,545
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	55,050	53,005	1,495	340	210	1,670
712 Heritage institutions	12,165	11,345	710	80	30	750
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	106,715	103,130	2,890	465	225	3,125
72 Accommodation and food services	540,310	510,295	14,265	3,080	12,670	15,810
721 Accommodation services	67,230	64,290	2,025	405	515	2,230
722 Food services and drinking places	473,080	446,010	12,240	2,680	12,155	13,580
81 Other services (except public administration)	326,700	307,225	12,105	1,620	5,750	12,915
811 Repair and maintenance	93,500	88,595	3,395	330	1,175	3,560
812 Personal and laundry services	107,360	100,920	3,535	490	2,420	3,780
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	92,010	86,440	4,535	655	390	4,860
814 Private households	33,825	31,280	640	140	1,770	710
91 Public administration	452,435	406,790	41,035	4,315	300	43,190
911 Federal government public administration	196,795	163,050	30,515	3,150	85	32,090
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	76,080	71,540	4,025	485	40	4,265
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	173,060	166,005	6,315	610	135	6,615
914 Aboriginal public administration	4,565	4,500	50	10	15	50
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	1,935	1,695	135	70	35	170
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	6,612,150	6,260,275	254,585	38,710	58,585	273,935
Worked at home	480,290	455,710	17,165	2,920	4,495	18,625
Worked outside Canada	39,145	36,590	900	505	1,145	1,155
No fixed workplace address	736,715	696,140	25,340	3,830	11,405	27,260
Worked at usual place	5,356,000	5,071,835	211,170	31,445	41,545	226,900
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	7,579,085	7,170,340	290,320	46,075	72,350	313,355
English	7,225,210	6,983,150	186,140	33,690	22,235	202,985
French	94,145	19,805	71,760	2,550	30	73,035
Non-official language	115,320	69,045	270	990	45,015	765
Aboriginal	1,485	1,440	10	10	30	10
Non-Aboriginal	113,835	67,605	260	985	44,985	755
English and French	63,665	25,210	31,350	7,075	30	34,885
English and non-official language	78,240	71,940	220	1,050	5,025	745
French and non-official language	175	55	70	35	10	90
English, French and non-official language	2,330	1,140	505	680	0	850
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	7,579,080	7,170,340	290,320	46,075	72,350	313,360
None	6,975,415	6,748,645	137,215	32,780	56,775	153,605
English	109,150	53,745	46,175	2,210	7,010	47,285
French	260,050	148,150	104,885	6,980	30	108,375
Non-official language	226,495	213,895	1,165	3,090	8,340	2,705
Aboriginal	5,970	5,930	25	10	0	30
Non-Aboriginal	220,520	207,965	1,135	3,085	8,335	2,680
English and French	250	135	10	95	0	60
English and non-official language	1,625	1,200	180	70	175	215
French and non-official language	6,080	4,550	690	830	15	1,100
English, French and non-official language	30	20	0	15	0	10
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,356,000	5,071,835	211,170	31,445	41,545	226,895
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,109,075	2,921,490	142,850	21,020	23,710	153,360
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	857,565	824,825	26,290	2,350	4,100	27,465
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,350,370	1,295,885	33,780	7,105	13,600	37,340
Commute to a different province or territory	38,990	29,635	8,245	970	135	8,730
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	6,092,710	5,767,970	236,515	35,285	52,945	254,155
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,375,215	4,150,955	174,090	20,930	29,245	184,550
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	372,475	348,845	11,915	2,225	9,495	13,030
Public transit	888,920	838,770	30,575	9,340	10,240	35,245
Walked	320,015	301,945	13,555	1,830	2,690	14,465
Bicycle	75,460	70,880	3,480	575	530	3,765
Other method	60,620	56,580	2,905	385	755	3,100
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	6,092,715	5,767,975	236,515	35,285	52,945	254,155
Less than 15 minutes	1,463,845	1,382,345	67,365	5,795	8,335	70,265
15 to 29 minutes	1,964,690	1,863,305	74,810	10,890	15,690	80,250
30 to 44 minutes	1,295,380	1,223,140	48,315	8,645	15,275	52,640
45 to 59 minutes	612,410	579,475	22,990	4,520	5,430	25,250
60 minutes and over	756,385	719,710	23,030	5,435	8,210	25,750
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	6,092,715	5,767,975	236,510	35,280	52,950	254,155
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	413,515	390,670	17,315	1,425	4,105	18,025
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,039,255	978,095	47,070	4,340	9,750	49,240
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,571,230	1,479,570	72,945	9,915	8,800	77,905
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,354,875	1,286,430	50,475	9,555	8,405	55,260
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	740,330	702,835	19,320	4,685	13,485	21,665
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	973,510	930,365	29,375	5,365	8,405	32,065
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	13,106,990	12,209,945	497,930	91,245	307,870	543,555
Non-movers	11,475,985	10,702,845	439,200	77,630	256,315	478,015
Movers	1,631,005	1,507,100	58,730	13,620	51,555	65,535
Non-migrants	941,380	878,560	33,725	7,505	21,590	37,480
Migrants	689,625	628,540	25,005	6,115	29,965	28,065
Internal migrants	535,180	501,795	21,465	3,870	8,050	23,405
Intraprovincial migrants	467,890	444,475	14,430	2,090	6,895	15,475
Interprovincial migrants	67,295	57,315	7,035	1,780	1,155	7,925
External migrants	154,445	126,745	3,540	2,240	21,920	4,660
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	12,546,040	11,693,210	483,135	88,515	281,175	527,390
Non-movers	7,887,825	7,371,845	309,395	48,660	157,925	333,725
Movers	4,658,215	4,321,365	173,740	39,855	123,250	193,670
Non-migrants	2,545,875	2,380,120	94,675	19,335	51,745	104,340
Migrants	2,112,340	1,941,240	79,065	20,520	71,510	89,330
Internal migrants	1,562,375	1,467,190	65,895	11,120	18,170	71,450
Intraprovincial migrants	1,380,895	1,314,350	44,000	6,460	16,095	47,225
Interprovincial migrants	181,475	152,845	21,900	4,655	2,075	24,230
External migrants	549,965	474,055	13,170	9,405	53,340	17,870

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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