Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Durham

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	639,490	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,070	10,920
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	639,495	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,075	10,920
0 to 14 years	116,010	113,245	1,150	855	760	1,580
0 to 4 years	35,475	34,320	320	105	730	375
5 to 9 years	39,890	39,140	430	285	30	575
10 to 14 years	40,650	39,785	395	465	0	635
15 to 64 years	435,225	425,390	6,790	1,180	1,865	7,375
15 to 19 years	42,755	42,075	405	250	25	530
20 to 24 years	43,130	42,520	435	125	55	495
25 to 29 years	37,440	36,855	375	110	105	425
30 to 34 years	39,500	38,790	450	100	155	505
35 to 39 years	41,275	40,325	695	120	130	755
40 to 44 years	43,395	42,255	835	170	135	920
45 to 49 years	46,790	45,630	855	115	190	915
50 to 54 years	54,835	53,325	1,085	95	325	1,130
55 to 59 years	48,370	47,055	915	45	360	935
60 to 64 years	37,730	36,555	740	45	390	760
65 years and over	88,260	83,790	1,900	120	2,445	1,960
65 to 69 years	31,830	30,630	645	30	520	665
70 to 74 years	21,490	20,470	430	20	565	440
75 to 79 years	15,775	14,910	305	35	525	325
80 to 84 years	10,800	10,030	330	15	425	335
85 years and over	8,365	7,755	190	15	405	195
85 to 89 years	5,750	5,345	140	0	265	140
90 to 94 years	2,170	2,015	45	10	110	45
95 to 99 years	405	370	0	10	35	10
100 years and over	35	30	10	0	0	0
Average age	39.3	39.1	45.8	27.2	55.5	not applicable ...
Median age	40.0	39.7	48.4	19.3	63.8	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	523,485	509,180	8,685	1,300	4,310	9,340
Married or living common law	308,430	299,105	5,905	730	2,685	6,270
Married	264,995	256,820	4,860	680	2,635	5,195
Living common law	43,430	42,280	1,050	50	50	1,075
Not married and not living common law	215,060	210,080	2,780	570	1,625	3,070
Never married	145,610	143,380	1,515	475	240	1,750
Separated	16,145	15,755	295	20	75	300
Divorced	29,320	28,575	485	45	215	505
Widowed	23,990	22,370	500	30	1,095	515
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	523,485	509,185	8,690	1,300	4,315	9,335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	496,955	483,255	8,410	1,150	4,140	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,018	49,206	55,367	42,156	16,134	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,687	37,946	45,709	30,395	15,400	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	497,145	483,435	8,420	1,155	4,140	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,280	40,423	44,876	35,541	15,533	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,892	34,106	40,187	27,801	15,362	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	450,325	439,405	7,760	1,025	2,135	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,598	48,685	53,768	42,828	14,731	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,610	36,726	43,610	30,728	9,651	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	349,105	338,845	5,650	800	3,805	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,090	7,044	8,562	5,941	9,286	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,842	3,779	6,953	1,928	8,870	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	385,985	377,290	6,425	875	1,400	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,217	48,243	53,930	44,375	17,242	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,660	37,714	46,877	34,340	13,198	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.8	90.0	89.6	90.2	47.0	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.4	76.5	74.4	79.7	36.1	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	10.2	10.0	10.4	9.8	53.0	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	523,480	509,185	8,690	1,300	4,310	9,335
Without total income	26,525	25,930	275	145	175	350
With total income	496,960	483,255	8,410	1,150	4,140	8,990
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	96.8	88.5	96.1	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	74,015	71,570	945	245	1,250	1,070
$10,000 to $19,999	77,075	74,100	1,035	180	1,765	1,125
$20,000 to $29,999	58,265	56,495	910	145	720	980
$30,000 to $39,999	50,370	49,200	805	120	245	865
$40,000 to $49,999	49,095	48,015	915	100	65	965
$50,000 to $59,999	41,525	40,650	780	55	40	810
$60,000 to $69,999	32,905	32,170	645	75	15	685
$70,000 to $79,999	26,230	25,670	490	70	10	520
$80,000 to $89,999	21,240	20,770	425	35	10	445
$90,000 to $99,999	18,510	18,055	425	25	10	440
$100,000 and over	47,720	46,575	1,040	95	10	1,090
$100,000 to $149,999	34,055	33,250	715	75	15	755
$150,000 and over	13,665	13,320	325	25	0	335
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	523,485	509,180	8,690	1,300	4,315	9,335
Without after-tax income	26,340	25,750	270	145	175	345
With after-tax income	497,145	483,435	8,415	1,150	4,140	8,990
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	94.9	96.8	88.5	95.9	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	76,095	73,580	1,010	255	1,250	1,140
$10,000 to $19,999	80,650	77,615	1,075	185	1,775	1,165
$20,000 to $29,999	68,065	66,070	1,065	175	760	1,145
$30,000 to $39,999	62,450	61,095	1,015	125	210	1,075
$40,000 to $49,999	58,280	56,955	1,125	110	90	1,180
$50,000 to $59,999	44,505	43,560	855	80	15	895
$60,000 to $69,999	33,130	32,405	630	90	10	675
$70,000 to $79,999	26,630	25,915	655	45	10	675
$80,000 and over	47,350	46,240	1,000	95	15	1,050
$80,000 to $89,999	16,815	16,465	305	30	15	320
$90,000 to $99,999	10,040	9,795	225	25	0	235
$100,000 and over	20,490	19,980	470	40	0	495
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	523,480	509,185	8,685	1,300	4,310	9,340
Without employment income	137,500	131,890	2,265	425	2,915	2,475
With employment income	385,985	377,290	6,420	875	1,395	6,865
Percentage with employment income	73.7	74.1	73.9	67.3	32.4	73.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	56,140	54,775	920	120	325	980
$5,000 to $9,999	29,515	28,785	470	45	215	490
$10,000 to $19,999	45,665	44,600	570	140	360	640
$20,000 to $29,999	35,560	34,790	390	80	300	430
$30,000 to $39,999	34,385	33,640	525	110	105	580
$40,000 to $49,999	32,885	32,240	555	50	40	580
$50,000 to $59,999	30,800	30,205	495	75	30	530
$60,000 to $69,999	25,535	24,965	495	70	0	530
$70,000 to $79,999	21,310	20,855	415	40	0	435
$80,000 and over	74,190	72,440	1,590	145	20	1,660
$80,000 to $89,999	17,930	17,525	370	40	0	390
$90,000 to $99,999	16,395	16,005	360	30	10	380
$100,000 and over	39,855	38,915	855	80	10	895
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	523,485	509,185	8,690	1,300	4,310	9,340
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	191,215	187,180	3,370	370	300	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	60,089	60,015	69,878	58,938	25,580	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	69,517	69,465	76,479	65,485	28,038	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	639,490	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,075	10,915
English only	587,165	587,165	0	0	0	0
French only	390	0	390	0	0	390
English and French	46,700	35,095	9,450	2,155	0	10,525
Neither English nor French	5,240	165	10	0	5,075	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	639,490	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,075	10,920
English	568,885	563,500	5,385	0	0	5,385
French	3,615	125	3,490	0	0	3,490
Non-official language	41,205	34,685	130	1,320	5,075	790
Aboriginal	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	41,205	34,685	130	1,320	5,075	790
English and French	1,565	485	525	560	0	800
English and non-official language	23,450	23,385	65	0	0	65
French and non-official language	170	0	165	0	0	165
English, French and non-official language	595	235	85	280	0	220
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	639,495	622,425	9,845	2,155	5,075	10,915
None	576,605	565,610	5,035	1,195	4,765	5,630
English	20,930	18,160	1,860	720	190	2,220
French	7,670	5,235	2,400	25	0	2,415
Non-official language	33,360	32,735	410	110	95	470
Aboriginal	40	40	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	33,315	32,695	415	105	95	470
English and French	155	10	35	105	0	90
English and non-official language	295	235	40	0	15	35
French and non-official language	485	440	50	0	0	45
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	639,495	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,070	10,920
English	519,970	519,955	15	0	0	15
French	9,685	700	8,985	0	0	8,985
Non-official language	97,345	90,400	380	1,495	5,075	1,125
Aboriginal	40	40	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	97,310	90,360	380	1,495	5,075	1,130
English and French	1,790	1,185	80	525	0	345
English and non-official language	9,950	9,945	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	405	40	365	0	0	365
English, French and non-official language	335	190	10	135	0	80
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	639,495	622,425	9,845	2,155	5,070	10,920
Official languages	634,255	622,260	9,835	2,155	0	10,915
English	633,865	622,265	9,450	2,155	0	10,525
French	47,085	35,095	9,840	2,155	0	10,915
Non-official languages	127,260	118,730	1,745	1,710	5,070	2,600
Aboriginal languages	130	125	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	127,135	118,610	1,740	1,710	5,070	2,600
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	639,490	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,070	10,920
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	12,535	11,945	565	25	0	575
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	11,930	11,350	555	30	0	570
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	7,060	6,890	165	10	0	165
Métis	4,625	4,215	390	25	0	400
Inuk (Inuit)	250	240	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	280	275	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	325	315	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	626,955	610,480	9,275	2,125	5,070	10,345
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	639,495	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,070	10,920
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	3,500	3,365	125	10	0	135
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	635,990	619,060	9,715	2,140	5,070	10,785
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	639,495	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,070	10,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	1,715	1,600	110	10	0	110
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	1,665	1,550	105	10	0	115
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	1,130	1,080	45	0	0	50
Métis single ancestry	520	455	60	0	0	65
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	50	50	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	25	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	18,775	17,940	755	70	10	795
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	18,270	17,510	685	70	10	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	13,555	13,160	340	50	10	365
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,435	4,070	345	20	0	355
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	280	275	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	500	430	65	0	0	65
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	485	420	70	0	0	65
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	619,005	602,885	8,980	2,075	5,065	10,015
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	639,490	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,075	10,920
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	614,080	599,315	9,515	1,955	3,300	10,495
Canadian citizens only	588,205	574,880	9,015	1,545	2,770	9,785
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	25,875	24,430	500	410	530	700
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	25,415	23,115	325	205	1,770	425
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	639,490	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,070	10,920
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	485,560	475,725	8,020	1,070	755	8,555
Immigrants^Footnote 42	150,885	144,160	1,790	1,050	3,890	2,315
Before 1981	55,475	54,435	325	90	625	370
1981 to 1990	22,725	22,035	170	145	380	240
1991 to 2000	31,085	29,435	455	240	960	575
2001 to 2010	31,275	29,010	640	450	1,175	865
2001 to 2005	17,425	16,235	345	255	590	475
2006 to 2010	13,855	12,775	300	190	590	390
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	10,320	9,235	205	120	750	265
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	3,045	2,550	30	40	430	50
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	150,885	144,155	1,790	1,050	3,890	2,315
Under 5 years	16,915	16,510	150	205	55	250
5 to 14 years	31,555	31,035	295	195	20	390
15 to 24 years	37,000	36,235	315	180	270	400
25 to 44 years	55,445	52,770	920	445	1,305	1,145
45 years and over	9,970	7,600	105	30	2,230	120
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	150,885	144,155	1,790	1,050	3,890	2,315
Americas	40,065	39,475	275	140	175	345
Brazil	445	405	10	25	15	15
Colombia	640	560	0	20	55	10
El Salvador	515	490	0	0	15	10
Guyana	8,100	8,100	0	0	0	0
Haiti	245	45	170	25	10	185
Jamaica	12,580	12,580	0	0	0	10
Mexico	545	520	10	25	0	15
Peru	415	385	10	10	15	0
Trinidad and Tobago	5,990	5,985	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	4,050	3,985	55	15	0	60
Other places of birth in Americas	6,540	6,420	25	25	65	40
Europe	47,345	45,845	345	310	850	500
Bosnia and Herzegovina	290	270	0	0	20	0
Croatia	585	575	0	0	0	0
France	375	165	210	10	0	210
Germany	3,095	3,075	10	15	0	15
Greece	1,565	1,500	0	0	70	0
Hungary	890	880	0	0	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	1,015	1,010	0	0	0	0
Italy	3,860	3,580	0	40	240	20
Netherlands	2,235	2,215	0	15	10	10
Poland	3,150	2,990	15	20	125	30
Portugal	2,085	1,945	10	10	130	10
Romania	1,590	1,350	15	130	95	80
Russian Federation	645	585	0	30	30	15
Serbia^Footnote 49	495	480	0	0	15	0
Ukraine	695	635	10	25	35	15
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	20,380	20,360	15	10	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	4,385	4,230	70	15	75	75
Africa	8,055	6,765	1,010	210	70	1,115
Algeria	40	20	15	0	0	15
Egypt	1,160	1,020	50	50	35	80
Ethiopia	365	360	0	0	0	0
Kenya	590	585	0	0	10	0
Morocco	140	60	40	35	10	55
Nigeria	955	955	0	0	0	0
Somalia	175	155	0	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	960	955	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	3,670	2,650	895	110	25	945
Asia	54,820	51,480	160	390	2,795	350
Afghanistan	3,410	3,045	15	40	300	30
Bangladesh	1,380	1,360	0	10	15	0
China^Footnote 51	4,230	3,485	0	10	735	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	1,300	1,220	0	0	70	0
India	10,070	9,510	20	45	490	40
Iran^Footnote 53	1,055	990	10	10	45	15
Iraq	545	535	0	10	0	0
Japan	165	155	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	755	675	0	0	80	0
Lebanon	1,045	905	60	45	35	80
Pakistan	8,030	7,780	0	50	195	25
Philippines	9,350	9,280	0	0	70	0
Sri Lanka	7,860	7,285	15	90	475	55
Syria^Footnote 55	260	220	0	10	20	10
Taiwan	295	240	10	0	40	10
Viet Nam	960	805	25	15	115	30
Other places of birth in Asia	4,125	3,975	15	40	95	30
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	595	590	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	10,320	9,240	205	125	750	265
Americas	2,195	2,080	45	30	50	60
Brazil	80	85	0	0	0	0
Colombia	90	70	0	0	15	0
Cuba	45	40	0	0	0	0
Haiti	55	15	40	0	0	40
Jamaica	590	585	0	0	0	0
Mexico	110	100	0	10	0	10
United States^Footnote 58	450	440	10	10	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	20	15	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	760	720	0	0	30	10
Europe	1,075	955	30	10	85	35
France	30	0	30	0	0	30
Germany	35	35	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	35	35	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	30	30	0	0	0	0
Romania	120	90	0	0	35	0
Russian Federation	30	20	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	90	85	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	350	350	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	350	310	0	10	30	10
Africa	785	635	95	40	15	115
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	20	10	10	0	0	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	10	20	10	0	20
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	15	0	0	20
Egypt	165	150	0	10	10	10
Eritrea	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	15	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	145	140	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	55	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	290	230	35	20	10	45
Asia	6,190	5,500	30	50	605	60
Afghanistan	245	210	0	10	30	0
Bangladesh	160	155	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	660	365	0	0	290	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	20	15	0	0	0	0
India	1,440	1,325	0	0	120	0
Iran^Footnote 65	120	110	0	0	10	0
Iraq	65	60	0	10	0	0
Israel	25	25	0	0	0	0
Japan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	50	45	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	90	55	20	0	0	25
Nepal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,025	985	0	10	30	0
Philippines	1,180	1,160	0	0	25	0
Saudi Arabia	115	105	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	495	430	10	0	55	10
Syria^Footnote 67	40	25	0	0	15	0
Taiwan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	90	85	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	50	25	0	10	15	0
Other places of birth in Asia	250	240	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	75	75	0	0	0	0
Australia	55	55	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	639,490	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,075	10,915
First generation^Footnote 71	156,160	148,865	1,865	1,095	4,340	2,410
Second generation^Footnote 72	164,235	161,370	1,295	855	710	1,725
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	319,095	312,190	6,675	205	20	6,780
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	97,580	91,855	1,490	960	3,285	1,965
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	42,770	41,180	600	570	420	885
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	16,525	15,825	300	210	195	400
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	26,245	25,360	305	360	225	480
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	38,620	36,035	385	165	2,035	470
Refugees^Footnote 79	15,235	13,795	475	225	745	590
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	960	845	20	0	90	25
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	639,495	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,070	10,920
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	173,330	165,730	2,260	1,355	3,985	2,940
South Asian^Footnote 83	55,020	52,885	215	450	1,475	440
Chinese	12,105	10,875	40	75	1,115	80
Black	51,380	49,470	1,540	325	35	1,705
Filipino	14,530	14,410	0	40	75	20
Latin American	6,135	5,600	20	95	420	70
Arab	5,780	5,305	190	135	135	260
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	2,390	2,110	35	50	200	55
West Asian^Footnote 85	6,560	6,000	65	110	390	120
Korean	1,160	1,070	10	10	85	0
Japanese	1,415	1,390	0	0	25	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	8,380	8,225	105	45	0	125
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	8,470	8,385	40	20	20	50
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	466,165	456,690	7,580	800	1,085	7,980
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	639,495	622,425	9,840	2,155	5,070	10,920
North American Aboriginal origins	20,485	19,540	865	80	0	900
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,215	14,700	455	50	0	480
Inuit	340	330	0	0	0	10
Métis	5,490	4,990	475	25	0	485
Other North American origins	183,940	179,380	4,215	265	75	4,345
Acadian	760	595	160	0	0	160
American	7,075	7,010	65	0	0	65
Canadian	178,170	173,865	3,965	265	70	4,100
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,010	1,005	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	105	100	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	105	95	15	0	0	15
Québécois	300	210	100	0	0	95
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	25	30	0	0	0	0
European origins	416,905	408,980	5,895	835	1,200	6,310
British Isles origins	299,830	298,210	1,415	155	50	1,490
Channel Islander	20	15	0	0	0	0
Cornish	20	15	0	0	0	0
English	176,065	175,400	605	50	15	625
Irish	124,280	123,490	675	85	35	710
Manx	145	145	0	0	0	0
Scottish	128,285	127,865	330	70	20	365
Welsh	12,890	12,830	60	0	0	60
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	20,440	20,350	70	20	0	75
French origins	53,790	48,355	5,160	255	20	5,285
Alsatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	53,780	48,345	5,160	255	20	5,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	79,305	78,520	620	125	35	685
Austrian	3,940	3,895	25	15	0	30
Bavarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,665	1,495	160	0	0	160
Dutch	26,965	26,810	125	10	15	130
Flemish	140	140	0	0	0	0
Frisian	75	75	0	0	0	0
German	50,800	50,385	290	110	20	345
Luxembourger	20	15	0	0	0	0
Swiss	2,145	2,080	60	0	0	60
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	65	60	10	0	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	11,825	11,755	70	0	0	70
Danish	2,955	2,945	10	0	0	10
Finnish	2,615	2,585	35	0	0	40
Icelandic	725	710	15	0	0	15
Norwegian	2,625	2,620	0	0	0	10
Swedish	3,045	3,040	10	0	0	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	600	600	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	55,720	54,700	205	385	425	400
Bulgarian	535	515	0	15	10	0
Byelorussian	270	265	0	0	10	0
Czech	1,690	1,685	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	580	580	0	0	0	0
Estonian	900	895	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	6,975	6,920	10	15	30	15
Latvian	795	790	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	995	995	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	85	80	0	0	0	0
Polish	21,480	21,105	115	80	170	160
Romanian	3,295	2,990	25	165	115	105
Russian	5,725	5,520	35	80	95	75
Slovak	1,480	1,470	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	19,135	18,925	55	60	90	90
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	155	160	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	78,380	76,965	455	195	760	550
Albanian	365	335	0	0	25	10
Bosnian	255	255	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	2,145	2,130	10	0	0	10
Cypriot	290	290	0	0	0	0
Greek	9,345	9,215	30	20	90	40
Italian	36,915	36,270	265	95	280	315
Kosovar	65	65	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	4,600	4,530	0	10	60	0
Maltese	3,115	3,110	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	60	55	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	14,605	14,355	80	35	140	95
Serbian	1,335	1,305	0	0	25	0
Sicilian	355	355	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,180	1,170	0	0	10	0
Spanish	9,500	9,200	60	75	160	100
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,030	1,005	10	0	15	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	2,980	2,920	35	15	10	45
Basque	55	55	0	0	0	0
Jewish	1,530	1,500	10	15	10	15
Roma (Gypsy)	30	30	0	0	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	95	90	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	1,290	1,260	25	0	0	30
Caribbean origins	49,295	48,770	395	110	15	455
Antiguan	470	465	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	230	230	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	3,620	3,610	0	0	0	10
Bermudan	125	120	0	0	0	0
Carib	290	290	0	0	0	0
Cuban	640	630	0	0	10	0
Dominican	695	675	20	0	0	15
Grenadian	1,625	1,620	0	0	0	10
Guadeloupean	35	35	0	0	0	0
Haitian	655	265	320	65	0	355
Jamaican	28,555	28,480	55	25	0	65
Kittitian/Nevisian	295	290	0	0	0	0
Martinican	45	35	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	85	85	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	705	695	0	10	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	7,860	7,800	30	25	0	45
Vincentian/Grenadinian	1,465	1,450	0	15	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	6,720	6,695	15	0	10	15
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,530	1,515	15	10	0	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	17,975	17,435	95	130	320	160
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	655	625	0	10	15	0
Arawak	95	90	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	285	270	0	0	0	10
Belizean	60	60	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	635	585	10	20	20	15
Chilean	620	615	10	0	0	0
Colombian	910	825	0	20	65	10
Costa Rican	115	100	0	10	10	0
Ecuadorian	570	560	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	540	515	0	0	25	0
Guyanese	9,190	9,175	15	10	0	20
Hispanic	185	175	0	0	10	0
Honduran	65	60	0	0	0	10
Maya	90	75	10	0	0	10
Mexican	1,365	1,185	20	30	135	40
Nicaraguan	260	245	0	10	0	0
Panamanian	235	225	0	0	0	10
Paraguayan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	640	600	10	20	15	15
Salvadorean	665	645	10	0	10	15
Uruguayan	100	105	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	770	775	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	630	610	10	0	15	0
African origins	19,690	17,865	1,410	335	80	1,580
Central and West African origins	3,815	2,910	845	65	0	870
Akan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Angolan	60	20	35	0	0	35
Ashanti	30	30	0	0	0	0
Beninese	30	30	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	235	85	150	0	0	155
Chadian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	630	55	540	35	0	560
Edo	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	10	0	0	10
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,005	1,000	0	0	0	0
Guinean	65	25	25	10	0	30
Ibo	95	95	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	70	15	55	0	0	55
Liberian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Malian	20	0	15	0	0	10
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,240	1,215	15	10	0	20
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	50	30	20	0	0	25
Togolese	40	25	15	0	0	20
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	220	215	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	260	195	45	20	0	55
North African origins	2,780	2,460	165	120	30	225
Algerian	75	45	20	10	0	25
Berber	20	15	10	0	0	0
Coptic	145	140	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,985	1,815	65	80	20	110
Libyan	115	110	0	0	0	0
Maure	20	20	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	305	205	55	35	10	75
Sudanese	95	95	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	60	50	10	0	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	90	80	10	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins	3,895	3,575	200	100	20	250
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	35	15	0	20	0	15
Burundian	75	0	80	0	0	75
Djiboutian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	125	125	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	620	610	0	0	0	0
Harari	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	215	215	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	0	20	0	0	20
Mauritian	150	85	65	0	0	60
Oromo	35	35	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	65	20	20	25	0	30
Seychellois	50	40	0	10	0	0
Somali	540	490	0	35	15	20
South African	1,165	1,165	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	135	130	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	105	100	0	0	0	0
Zambian	80	75	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	205	205	0	0	0	0
Zulu	20	20	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	415	385	30	0	0	25
Other African origins	9,495	9,125	240	105	25	285
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	1,580	1,550	15	15	10	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	8,035	7,675	225	105	25	275
Asian origins	113,445	108,485	570	870	3,525	1,005
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	16,955	15,880	230	250	590	360
Afghan	5,740	5,305	25	80	330	65
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,350	1,285	25	10	35	30
Armenian	1,060	990	25	20	20	40
Assyrian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	0	0	0
Georgian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hazara	60	35	20	10	0	20
Iranian	2,030	1,905	0	40	85	25
Iraqi	625	610	0	10	0	0
Israeli	360	345	10	10	10	0
Jordanian	210	205	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kurd	120	100	0	20	0	10
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	20	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	2,785	2,595	90	55	45	125
Palestinian	1,250	1,230	0	0	15	10
Pashtun	90	75	10	0	0	15
Saudi Arabian	165	150	0	0	15	0
Syrian	845	805	15	0	25	15
Tajik	135	125	0	0	15	0
Tatar	40	40	0	0	0	0
Turk	885	840	15	0	25	20
Turkmen	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uighur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	95	90	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	20	25	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	440	440	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	60,190	58,040	250	460	1,440	475
Bangladeshi	1,060	1,035	0	10	20	0
Bengali	445	440	0	0	10	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	38,455	37,440	185	150	685	260
Goan	275	275	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	200	195	0	0	10	0
Kashmiri	90	90	0	0	10	0
Nepali	75	75	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	8,120	7,840	10	80	190	45
Punjabi	955	910	10	10	20	15
Sinhalese	280	260	0	15	10	10
Sri Lankan	9,560	8,920	20	165	460	105
Tamil	3,140	2,890	10	45	195	30
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	3,095	2,960	30	30	80	45
East and Southeast Asian origins	39,125	37,285	130	190	1,515	225
Burmese	225	215	0	10	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	220	205	0	0	20	0
Chinese	18,560	17,290	60	70	1,135	95
Filipino	16,265	16,135	15	45	70	35
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	530	525	0	0	10	0
Japanese	1,910	1,880	0	10	20	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,275	1,180	0	10	85	0
Laotian	165	145	0	0	15	0
Malaysian	425	425	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	225	175	30	10	10	40
Singaporean	55	55	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	215	195	0	0	20	0
Thai	270	215	0	0	55	0
Tibetan	125	120	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,575	1,410	25	45	90	45
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	175	175	0	0	0	10
Other Asian origins	515	500	0	0	15	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	515	505	0	0	15	0
Oceania origins	1,160	1,155	0	0	0	0
Australian	790	790	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	215	215	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	175	175	0	0	0	0
Fijian	120	125	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	25	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	523,485	509,185	8,690	1,300	4,310	9,340
No certificate, diploma or degree	84,840	80,820	1,340	180	2,495	1,435
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	156,590	153,300	1,920	275	1,085	2,060
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	282,060	275,060	5,420	845	735	5,850
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	34,375	33,430	790	55	100	815
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	15,760	15,295	380	20	65	390
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	18,615	18,135	410	35	40	420
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	131,715	128,960	2,275	225	250	2,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,470	10,085	255	45	90	275
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	105,505	102,580	2,105	520	295	2,370
Bachelor's degree	77,470	75,600	1,380	295	185	1,525
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,400	7,100	210	50	40	240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,115	2,065	50	0	0	50
Master's degree	16,860	16,255	420	135	55	490
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	1,660	1,565	45	40	20	60
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	523,485	509,185	8,690	1,300	4,310	9,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	241,420	234,125	3,265	455	3,580	3,495
Education	16,255	15,630	540	20	65	550
13. Education	16,260	15,630	540	20	65	550
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,865	10,655	180	20	10	190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,395	2,355	40	0	0	40
50. Visual and performing arts	8,470	8,300	140	20	10	150
Humanities	13,475	13,050	290	70	65	325
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	955	860	75	10	15	80
23. English language and literature/letters	3,625	3,560	45	10	10	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,750	3,630	70	20	35	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	95	90	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	805	785	10	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,345	1,320	15	10	0	20
54. History	2,350	2,315	20	10	0	25
55. French language and literature/letters	550	475	55	15	0	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	37,330	36,475	595	190	65	695
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	375	355	15	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,240	4,140	65	25	10	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,300	7,150	105	25	20	115
22. Legal professions and studies	7,060	6,920	130	10	0	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	695	695	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	5,530	5,440	70	10	10	75
45. Social sciences	12,125	11,785	215	100	25	265
Business, management and public administration	61,935	60,325	1,265	210	135	1,375
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	165	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,230	5,140	85	10	0	85
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	56,545	55,020	1,185	205	135	1,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,470	9,185	180	50	55	205
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,925	3,805	55	35	25	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,495	2,445	40	0	0	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	155	135	10	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	2,335	2,250	55	10	25	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	565	550	10	0	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,345	12,030	220	65	35	255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,325	10,080	170	55	25	195
25. Library science	420	415	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,425	1,370	40	10	10	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	175	160	10	0	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	57,580	56,135	1,160	130	155	1,230
04. Architecture and related services	1,770	1,745	20	0	0	20
14. Engineering	11,040	10,680	215	70	70	250
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,505	13,215	230	15	40	235
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	12,495	12,155	290	25	25	300
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,530	12,220	280	10	20	290
48. Precision production	6,245	6,110	125	0	0	125
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,920	3,820	70	10	20	70
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,355	2,280	40	10	15	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,565	1,535	30	0	10	25
Health and related fields	40,630	39,845	625	65	90	660
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,450	4,390	60	0	0	60
51. Health professions and related programs	35,675	34,970	555	65	85	585
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	500	485	20	0	0	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,210	17,870	290	10	40	295
12. Personal and culinary services	8,540	8,370	150	10	15	155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	15	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	35	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	7,115	7,025	90	0	0	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,495	2,430	50	0	20	45
Other	45	45	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	45	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	523,485	509,185	8,690	1,300	4,310	9,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	241,425	234,125	3,265	455	3,580	3,495
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	282,060	275,060	5,425	845	730	5,845
Location of study inside Canada	238,330	233,065	4,735	490	45	4,980
Same as province or territory of residence	225,430	221,570	3,465	355	40	3,640
Different than province or territory of residence	12,900	11,490	1,270	130	10	1,340
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	43,730	41,995	690	355	690	870
United States^Footnote 130	6,470	6,325	120	20	0	130
Philippines	4,230	4,220	0	0	10	0
India	4,840	4,765	10	20	50	20
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	6,380	6,335	35	10	0	40
China^Footnote 132	1,530	1,315	10	0	205	0
France	245	55	150	40	0	165
Other	20,040	18,980	380	270	420	510
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	523,485	509,180	8,685	1,300	4,315	not applicable ...
In the labour force	352,750	345,370	5,660	865	855	not applicable ...
Employed	324,375	317,515	5,335	780	745	not applicable ...
Unemployed	28,375	27,850	330	85	110	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	170,730	163,815	3,025	435	3,460	not applicable ...
Participation rate	67.4	67.8	65.2	66.5	19.8	not applicable ...
Employment rate	62.0	62.4	61.4	60.0	17.3	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.1	5.8	9.8	12.9	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	523,485	509,180	8,685	1,300	4,310	9,335
Did not work^Footnote 135	163,425	156,695	2,870	440	3,430	3,085
Worked	360,055	352,490	5,825	860	885	6,250
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	195,635	191,500	3,450	375	310	3,635
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	164,425	160,990	2,375	480	575	2,615
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.4	44.2	40.1	38.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	371,125	363,285	5,985	885	970	6,425
a.Management	42,050	41,115	745	95	100	790
00 Senior management occupations	3,705	3,640	65	0	0	65
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	15,990	15,575	355	45	20	380
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	13,500	13,250	170	25	60	180
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	8,850	8,650	155	20	25	170
b.Professional	62,300	60,510	1,475	285	30	1,620
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	12,990	12,650	250	85	10	295
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	13,245	12,890	270	80	0	310
30 Professional occupations in nursing	6,545	6,440	90	15	0	95
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	3,215	3,160	50	0	0	50
40 Professional occupations in education services	15,255	14,585	595	70	10	630
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	7,820	7,645	165	10	0	170
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	3,215	3,145	55	20	0	65
c.Technical and paraprofessional	38,800	38,135	565	80	20	600
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	10,420	10,235	170	0	10	175
32 Technical occupations in health	6,505	6,430	70	0	10	70
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	9,235	9,045	150	40	10	170
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	4,335	4,265	70	0	0	70
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,310	8,170	100	35	10	120
d.Administration and administrative support	49,675	48,750	755	95	75	800
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	21,010	20,630	335	30	10	355
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	4,365	4,270	65	10	15	75
14 Office support occupations	16,790	16,440	275	45	35	295
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	7,505	7,405	75	10	15	85
e.Sales	39,825	39,115	555	85	75	595
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	10,190	9,980	180	25	10	195
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	17,530	17,265	215	25	25	225
66 Sales support occupations	12,105	11,870	155	35	40	170
f.Personal and customer information services	62,450	61,040	890	165	355	970
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	5,550	5,485	45	20	0	55
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	7,690	7,475	130	0	80	130
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	9,700	9,455	110	40	95	125
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	19,455	18,905	435	80	35	475
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	20,055	19,720	175	20	140	185
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	29,415	28,825	515	40	40	535
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	18,525	18,130	335	20	40	340
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	10,890	10,695	180	15	0	185
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	24,405	24,065	255	25	55	270
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	7,030	6,910	100	10	10	110
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	12,740	12,570	125	20	25	135
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	4,630	4,580	30	0	20	35
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,615	5,420	55	0	135	60
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	915	895	20	0	0	20
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,290	1,170	10	0	115	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	3,410	3,360	20	10	20	30
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,590	16,315	180	10	85	185
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	3,620	3,575	40	0	0	45
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,335	3,270	30	0	30	35
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	6,035	5,930	80	0	20	80
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	3,605	3,540	20	0	35	25
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	371,125	363,285	5,985	890	965	6,430
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,350	3,190	30	0	125	30
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	2,965	2,810	25	0	125	25
113 Forestry and logging	55	55	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	25	25	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	305	305	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	690	660	25	0	0	25
211 Oil and gas extraction	225	220	10	0	0	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	280	275	10	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	180	170	0	0	0	10
22 Utilities	8,025	7,860	150	15	0	155
221 Utilities	8,020	7,860	150	15	0	155
23 Construction	29,010	28,425	460	30	100	470
236 Construction of buildings	7,645	7,480	110	10	50	115
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	2,835	2,785	35	10	10	40
238 Specialty trade contractors	18,530	18,155	310	15	50	320
31-33 Manufacturing	30,865	30,255	455	35	115	475
311 Food manufacturing	2,125	2,055	50	0	30	45
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	430	425	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	160	155	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	75	75	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	205	195	0	0	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	20	20	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	505	495	10	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	1,335	1,325	10	0	0	10
323 Printing and related support activities	2,045	2,015	20	0	0	20
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	150	140	10	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	2,230	2,190	35	0	0	40
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,710	1,675	10	10	20	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	905	905	0	10	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,075	1,065	10	0	0	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,420	2,395	25	0	0	25
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,935	1,895	35	0	10	40
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,665	1,630	35	0	0	30
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	740	715	20	10	0	20
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	8,505	8,355	125	20	0	135
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,060	1,030	15	0	10	15
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,555	1,505	30	0	20	35
41 Wholesale trade	14,095	13,675	345	45	25	370
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	65	60	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	150	145	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,005	1,970	25	10	0	30
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	2,070	2,000	65	10	0	65
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,065	1,005	50	0	10	50
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,120	2,075	40	0	10	40
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	4,415	4,250	135	25	10	145
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,680	1,650	25	0	0	25
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	525	505	15	0	0	20
44-45 Retail trade	43,455	42,845	405	95	110	450
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	5,265	5,185	65	10	0	70
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,705	1,680	20	0	0	20
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,865	1,840	15	10	10	20
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,455	3,400	50	0	0	55
445 Food and beverage stores	9,695	9,525	85	15	75	95
446 Health and personal care stores	3,740	3,685	35	10	10	40
447 Gasoline stations	705	705	0	0	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	4,695	4,640	40	10	0	50
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,150	2,125	10	10	0	20
452 General merchandise stores	6,310	6,235	50	20	10	60
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,545	2,520	15	10	0	20
454 Non-store retailers	1,315	1,305	0	10	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	17,735	17,425	270	30	10	285
481 Air transportation	645	615	25	0	0	30
482 Rail transportation	675	615	55	0	0	55
483 Water transportation	45	45	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	3,900	3,820	60	10	10	65
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	5,595	5,545	50	0	0	50
486 Pipeline transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	35	30	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,840	1,805	40	0	0	35
491 Postal service	1,580	1,570	10	0	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	1,320	1,305	15	0	0	15
493 Warehousing and storage	2,085	2,060	20	0	10	20
51 Information and cultural industries	10,575	10,380	185	0	0	185
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	2,040	2,005	35	0	0	35
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,510	1,485	30	0	0	30
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,200	1,185	15	0	0	15
517 Telecommunications	4,480	4,400	80	0	0	80
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	365	355	10	0	0	10
519 Other information services	980	955	15	0	0	20
52 Finance and insurance	23,495	22,835	525	125	10	590
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	12,785	12,425	265	95	0	310
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	3,045	2,965	70	15	0	75
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	7,495	7,290	180	15	10	190
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	165	160	10	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,115	6,975	115	15	10	125
531 Real estate	6,140	6,005	105	15	10	110
532 Rental and leasing services	950	940	10	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	25	25	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,045	25,455	480	80	25	520
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,045	25,455	480	80	25	520
55 Management of companies and enterprises	890	855	25	10	0	25
551 Management of companies and enterprises	885	850	25	10	0	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	19,105	18,645	330	55	80	360
561 Administrative and support services	18,100	17,655	310	55	80	340
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,005	990	20	0	0	20
61 Educational services	29,135	28,155	860	100	15	915
611 Educational services	29,135	28,155	865	100	15	915
62 Health care and social assistance	38,910	38,325	465	90	35	505
621 Ambulatory health care services	12,035	11,895	125	15	10	135
622 Hospitals	11,015	10,875	120	20	0	130
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	7,130	7,035	80	10	10	85
624 Social assistance	8,715	8,520	135	40	20	155
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	8,950	8,855	80	15	0	85
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	2,040	2,010	10	10	0	20
712 Heritage institutions	660	650	0	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	6,260	6,195	55	0	0	60
72 Accommodation and food services	22,950	22,500	235	65	150	270
721 Accommodation services	1,895	1,850	40	10	0	40
722 Food services and drinking places	21,050	20,650	200	55	150	225
81 Other services (except public administration)	14,960	14,605	180	45	130	200
811 Repair and maintenance	4,680	4,575	65	15	20	75
812 Personal and laundry services	5,010	4,925	40	10	35	45
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	4,175	4,090	55	20	10	70
814 Private households	1,095	1,020	20	0	60	20
91 Public administration	21,785	21,360	375	35	20	390
911 Federal government public administration	3,755	3,640	105	0	0	105
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	4,530	4,405	105	10	10	115
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	13,445	13,255	160	15	0	170
914 Aboriginal public administration	45	45	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	324,375	317,515	5,335	780	740	5,725
Worked at home	21,845	21,290	430	60	70	460
Worked outside Canada	915	880	10	20	0	20
No fixed workplace address	39,565	38,790	625	65	85	655
Worked at usual place	262,055	256,560	4,270	635	590	4,585
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	371,130	363,290	5,985	885	965	6,430
English	364,910	359,495	4,425	660	335	4,755
French	1,650	705	885	55	0	915
Non-official language	1,535	945	0	0	590	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,535	945	0	0	590	0
English and French	1,575	755	665	155	0	740
English and non-official language	1,405	1,350	0	10	40	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	35	0	0	0	10
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	371,125	363,285	5,985	885	965	6,425
None	360,795	355,350	3,955	685	810	4,295
English	1,675	1,045	555	35	40	570
French	4,415	2,925	1,390	100	0	1,445
Non-official language	4,085	3,870	55	50	115	75
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,075	3,865	50	50	115	75
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	50	40	10	0	10	10
French and non-official language	110	60	30	20	0	35
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	262,055	256,560	4,270	635	590	4,585
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	71,425	70,015	955	170	285	1,035
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	72,995	71,600	1,180	130	90	1,240
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	117,000	114,345	2,120	330	205	2,285
Commute to a different province or territory	635	605	20	10	0	20
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	301,615	295,350	4,895	700	675	5,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	236,150	231,400	3,860	505	380	4,115
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	18,545	18,060	235	50	200	265
Public transit	34,015	33,195	650	115	55	710
Walked	9,025	8,880	100	15	30	105
Bicycle	975	955	10	0	0	10
Other method	2,910	2,865	35	10	10	40
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	301,620	295,350	4,895	700	675	5,245
Less than 15 minutes	62,610	61,385	875	100	250	925
15 to 29 minutes	78,970	77,420	1,185	215	150	1,290
30 to 44 minutes	55,120	54,025	865	90	140	905
45 to 59 minutes	37,390	36,515	715	110	50	770
60 minutes and over	67,530	66,000	1,260	185	80	1,355
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	301,620	295,350	4,895	700	675	5,245
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,350	28,910	375	20	45	385
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,765	58,485	1,065	120	95	1,125
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	75,920	73,950	1,540	220	200	1,650
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	53,540	52,470	860	100	105	920
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	32,115	31,470	420	105	115	470
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	50,940	50,060	635	125	115	695
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	632,885	616,120	9,790	2,120	4,860	10,850
Non-movers	567,840	553,460	8,745	1,765	3,870	9,625
Movers	65,045	62,655	1,045	350	990	1,220
Non-migrants	28,385	27,660	345	155	230	420
Migrants	36,660	35,000	700	200	760	800
Internal migrants	34,230	32,935	640	165	495	720
Intraprovincial migrants	32,545	31,405	550	135	460	615
Interprovincial migrants	1,685	1,525	90	30	35	105
External migrants	2,425	2,070	60	30	265	75
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	604,020	588,105	9,520	2,055	4,345	10,545
Non-movers	393,930	384,970	5,955	1,065	1,930	6,490
Movers	210,090	203,135	3,560	985	2,410	4,055
Non-migrants	90,005	88,025	1,170	315	490	1,330
Migrants	120,090	115,105	2,390	675	1,920	2,725
Internal migrants	109,555	105,685	2,205	570	1,100	2,490
Intraprovincial migrants	105,545	102,090	1,900	480	1,070	2,145
Interprovincial migrants	4,015	3,595	300	85	30	345
External migrants	10,535	9,425	185	110	820	235

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Durham

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.