Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Ajax, T

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	119,180	115,215	1,620	590	1,750	1,915
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	119,175	115,215	1,620	590	1,750	1,920
0 to 14 years	23,635	22,880	220	245	285	345
0 to 4 years	7,045	6,705	55	25	270	65
5 to 9 years	8,280	8,095	75	95	15	115
10 to 14 years	8,315	8,080	95	135	0	165
15 to 64 years	82,775	80,590	1,250	335	605	1,420
15 to 19 years	8,555	8,405	90	65	0	125
20 to 24 years	8,460	8,300	125	35	0	140
25 to 29 years	7,285	7,160	85	35	15	100
30 to 34 years	7,790	7,670	80	20	20	90
35 to 39 years	8,465	8,260	125	40	40	145
40 to 44 years	8,560	8,330	165	40	25	190
45 to 49 years	8,910	8,695	130	30	60	145
50 to 54 years	9,925	9,570	215	20	120	225
55 to 59 years	8,625	8,310	145	20	150	155
60 to 64 years	6,200	5,900	100	30	175	110
65 years and over	12,765	11,745	145	10	865	155
65 to 69 years	4,920	4,685	40	0	185	40
70 to 74 years	3,185	2,950	20	0	210	25
75 to 79 years	2,145	1,940	25	0	185	25
80 to 84 years	1,480	1,290	35	0	150	35
85 years and over	1,040	885	25	0	135	25
85 to 89 years	715	610	20	0	80	15
90 to 94 years	265	225	10	0	35	0
95 to 99 years	60	50	0	0	10	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	10	0
Average age	37.1	36.8	40.9	25.5	56.5	not applicable ...
Median age	37.2	36.9	42.6	18.5	64.4	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	95,545	92,330	1,400	340	1,465	1,570
Married or living common law	55,910	53,955	885	195	880	980
Married	50,365	48,555	765	195	855	860
Living common law	5,540	5,395	120	10	25	120
Not married and not living common law	39,635	38,380	520	145	590	590
Never married	28,695	28,180	355	125	30	410
Separated	2,640	2,575	35	0	25	40
Divorced	4,645	4,490	60	15	75	70
Widowed	3,665	3,135	70	0	460	70
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	95,540	92,335	1,400	340	1,470	1,570
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	89,590	86,540	1,335	305	1,410	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,180	47,591	54,152	48,391	15,093	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,305	36,987	45,409	36,736	14,838	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	89,610	86,560	1,335	305	1,410	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,008	39,351	42,211	40,253	14,663	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,017	33,581	39,809	34,449	14,838	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,720	78,655	1,220	270	565	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,558	47,686	54,205	50,207	14,195	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,372	36,548	44,021	37,524	9,400	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,665	60,275	855	210	1,325	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,194	6,101	7,002	5,681	9,990	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,427	2,365	2,653	1,435	12,706	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,070	69,345	1,080	245	405	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,437	48,502	56,326	50,331	15,293	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,098	39,253	46,649	39,741	11,635	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	90.8	91.1	91.8	91.8	37.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	81.4	81.7	83.4	83.5	29.5	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	9.2	8.9	8.2	8.1	62.2	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	95,540	92,330	1,400	340	1,465	1,570
Without total income	5,950	5,790	65	35	55	80
With total income	89,590	86,540	1,340	305	1,410	1,485
Percentage with total income	93.8	93.7	95.7	89.7	96.2	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,085	14,385	240	50	405	265
$10,000 to $19,999	14,040	13,155	125	45	720	145
$20,000 to $29,999	10,280	9,945	140	30	170	155
$30,000 to $39,999	8,340	8,140	100	40	70	115
$40,000 to $49,999	8,690	8,480	155	35	20	170
$50,000 to $59,999	7,590	7,450	130	10	0	135
$60,000 to $69,999	5,930	5,790	100	30	10	120
$70,000 to $79,999	4,850	4,770	50	30	10	65
$80,000 to $89,999	3,690	3,630	55	10	0	60
$90,000 to $99,999	3,040	2,950	75	10	0	85
$100,000 and over	8,035	7,845	160	25	0	175
$100,000 to $149,999	5,980	5,865	95	15	10	100
$150,000 and over	2,055	1,975	70	10	0	75
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	95,545	92,335	1,405	345	1,470	1,570
Without after-tax income	5,930	5,775	60	40	55	85
With after-tax income	89,610	86,560	1,335	305	1,410	1,490
Percentage with after-tax income	93.8	93.7	95.0	88.4	95.9	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,320	14,620	245	50	410	270
$10,000 to $19,999	14,740	13,830	140	50	720	165
$20,000 to $29,999	11,830	11,475	140	40	185	165
$30,000 to $39,999	10,380	10,135	145	45	60	165
$40,000 to $49,999	10,750	10,525	185	20	20	195
$50,000 to $59,999	8,015	7,845	120	30	10	140
$60,000 to $69,999	6,110	5,970	100	30	10	115
$70,000 to $79,999	4,485	4,380	100	10	0	100
$80,000 and over	7,975	7,780	160	30	10	175
$80,000 to $89,999	2,980	2,930	30	10	10	40
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765	1,725	45	10	0	40
$100,000 and over	3,225	3,130	80	15	0	90
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	95,540	92,335	1,400	340	1,470	1,570
Without employment income	24,475	22,990	325	100	1,065	375
With employment income	71,065	69,340	1,075	245	405	1,195
Percentage with employment income	74.4	75.1	76.8	72.1	27.6	76.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,460	8,205	125	20	115	135
$5,000 to $9,999	5,665	5,500	100	0	60	100
$10,000 to $19,999	8,840	8,560	100	45	140	125
$20,000 to $29,999	6,805	6,700	50	15	40	55
$30,000 to $39,999	6,370	6,200	100	40	25	125
$40,000 to $49,999	6,625	6,490	105	15	20	115
$50,000 to $59,999	6,060	5,945	100	15	0	105
$60,000 to $69,999	5,065	4,955	70	35	0	90
$70,000 to $79,999	4,200	4,140	45	10	0	55
$80,000 and over	12,975	12,645	285	40	10	305
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	3,175	60	10	0	60
$90,000 to $99,999	2,825	2,740	75	10	0	80
$100,000 and over	6,915	6,730	155	30	0	165
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	95,540	92,335	1,400	340	1,470	1,570
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	36,115	35,365	555	95	100	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	58,649	58,625	66,125	60,968	27,795	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	67,529	67,504	76,969	65,348	26,455	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	119,180	115,215	1,620	590	1,750	1,915
English only	108,205	108,200	0	0	0	0
French only	80	0	80	0	0	80
English and French	9,095	6,965	1,545	590	0	1,835
Neither English nor French	1,800	45	0	0	1,750	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	119,175	115,215	1,625	590	1,750	1,915
English	93,860	93,230	630	0	0	635
French	720	60	660	0	0	660
Non-official language	14,950	12,755	60	380	1,750	250
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	14,950	12,750	60	380	1,750	255
English and French	415	125	155	125	0	220
English and non-official language	8,935	8,920	15	0	0	15
French and non-official language	55	0	60	0	0	55
English, French and non-official language	245	125	40	80	0	80
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	119,180	115,215	1,620	590	1,755	1,915
None	100,735	98,005	765	295	1,670	910
English	7,330	6,690	390	205	50	490
French	1,390	1,080	310	10	0	310
Non-official language	9,380	9,170	130	45	30	155
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	9,380	9,175	130	45	25	150
English and French	65	0	20	45	0	40
English and non-official language	115	105	10	0	10	10
French and non-official language	160	155	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	119,180	115,215	1,625	590	1,755	1,915
English	82,970	82,970	0	0	0	10
French	1,440	75	1,360	0	0	1,360
Non-official language	30,400	28,110	130	410	1,750	330
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	30,395	28,105	130	410	1,750	335
English and French	405	285	10	115	0	65
English and non-official language	3,685	3,685	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	125	10	120	0	0	120
English, French and non-official language	145	75	0	65	0	35
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	119,175	115,215	1,625	590	1,750	1,915
Official languages	117,375	115,165	1,620	590	0	1,920
English	117,300	115,165	1,545	590	0	1,840
French	9,175	6,965	1,620	590	0	1,915
Non-official languages	39,600	36,825	530	495	1,755	775
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	39,595	36,815	530	495	1,750	780
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	119,180	115,215	1,620	590	1,750	1,915
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	1,195	1,155	40	0	0	35
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	1,085	1,045	35	0	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	585	575	10	0	0	10
Métis	455	430	20	0	0	20
Inuk (Inuit)	40	35	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	60	55	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	50	50	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	117,985	114,060	1,585	590	1,755	1,880
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	119,180	115,215	1,620	590	1,750	1,915
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	345	335	10	0	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	118,835	114,885	1,615	590	1,750	1,910
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	119,175	115,215	1,625	590	1,750	1,915
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	130	130	0	0	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	130	125	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	75	70	10	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	50	55	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	0	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	1,865	1,795	80	0	0	75
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	1,845	1,785	65	0	0	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,390	1,340	50	0	0	45
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	420	410	10	0	0	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	40	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	20	10	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	117,175	113,290	1,540	590	1,750	1,835
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	119,175	115,215	1,625	590	1,750	1,915
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	112,320	108,900	1,545	550	1,320	1,825
Canadian citizens only	105,040	102,080	1,345	470	1,145	1,585
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	7,280	6,820	200	85	170	245
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	6,860	6,315	75	40	435	90
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	119,180	115,215	1,625	590	1,750	1,920
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	72,305	70,665	1,065	300	280	1,215
Immigrants^Footnote 42	46,335	44,055	560	285	1,440	700
Before 1981	11,240	11,080	45	10	105	50
1981 to 1990	7,525	7,250	50	65	155	85
1991 to 2000	12,260	11,615	155	40	445	175
2001 to 2010	11,730	10,835	245	130	520	315
2001 to 2005	6,800	6,285	140	75	290	185
2006 to 2010	4,930	4,550	100	55	225	130
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	3,580	3,275	55	40	215	75
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	535	495	0	10	30	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	46,340	44,055	560	285	1,440	700
Under 5 years	4,355	4,245	30	60	10	65
5 to 14 years	9,090	8,920	110	50	10	135
15 to 24 years	10,975	10,780	90	45	60	115
25 to 44 years	18,180	17,320	300	120	435	365
45 years and over	3,745	2,785	20	10	925	25
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	46,340	44,055	560	285	1,440	700
Americas	14,085	13,965	65	20	35	75
Brazil	90	90	0	0	0	0
Colombia	145	130	0	0	15	0
El Salvador	140	130	0	0	0	0
Guyana	3,205	3,210	0	0	0	0
Haiti	60	10	50	0	0	50
Jamaica	5,100	5,100	0	0	0	0
Mexico	90	90	10	0	0	10
Peru	110	100	0	10	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	2,230	2,230	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	760	750	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	2,165	2,135	0	10	10	10
Europe	6,875	6,630	75	30	145	90
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	65	65	0	0	0	0
France	90	35	55	0	0	50
Germany	435	430	0	0	0	0
Greece	295	280	0	0	20	0
Hungary	95	95	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	135	130	0	0	0	0
Italy	505	490	0	0	15	0
Netherlands	135	135	0	0	0	0
Poland	380	360	0	0	15	0
Portugal	425	400	0	0	20	0
Romania	335	290	0	15	30	0
Russian Federation	95	85	0	0	10	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	50	50	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	105	85	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	2,905	2,905	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	835	780	20	0	30	20
Africa	2,745	2,320	335	55	30	360
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	455	410	10	20	15	25
Ethiopia	160	160	0	0	0	0
Kenya	195	195	0	0	10	0
Morocco	35	0	15	10	10	20
Nigeria	360	360	10	0	0	0
Somalia	90	85	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	150	155	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,280	955	295	20	10	305
Asia	22,495	21,005	85	180	1,225	175
Afghanistan	1,670	1,460	10	30	180	20
Bangladesh	665	645	0	0	15	0
China^Footnote 51	1,185	995	0	0	190	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	405	385	0	10	10	0
India	4,085	3,805	10	25	245	25
Iran^Footnote 53	255	235	0	0	20	10
Iraq	185	180	0	10	0	0
Japan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	100	95	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	380	315	35	20	15	40
Pakistan	3,570	3,475	0	25	75	10
Philippines	3,840	3,795	0	10	40	0
Sri Lanka	4,390	4,025	15	35	320	30
Syria^Footnote 55	85	80	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	80	45	0	0	35	0
Viet Nam	335	260	15	10	50	15
Other places of birth in Asia	1,235	1,200	15	10	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	140	135	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	3,585	3,270	55	40	215	75
Americas	670	655	0	0	10	0
Brazil	25	25	0	0	0	0
Colombia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	225	230	0	0	0	0
Mexico	20	15	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	90	90	0	10	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	290	280	0	0	10	0
Europe	230	210	10	0	15	10
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	15	15	0	0	0	0
Romania	30	30	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	50	50	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	100	95	0	0	10	0
Africa	240	200	25	0	15	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	35	30	0	0	10	0
Eritrea	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	50	50	0	0	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	90	0	0	0	0
Asia	2,425	2,195	20	35	175	40
Afghanistan	145	125	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	75	70	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	140	95	0	0	45	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	10	10	0	0	0	0
India	590	540	0	0	50	0
Iran^Footnote 65	35	35	0	0	0	0
Iraq	25	20	0	0	0	0
Israel	15	15	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	30	20	15	0	0	15
Nepal	10	15	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	500	485	0	10	15	10
Philippines	475	465	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabia	20	20	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	190	155	10	0	30	10
Syria^Footnote 67	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	35	30	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	35	15	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	70	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	119,180	115,215	1,620	585	1,750	1,920
First generation^Footnote 71	47,265	44,935	565	290	1,470	710
Second generation^Footnote 72	38,600	37,725	315	280	280	455
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	33,320	32,555	740	20	0	755
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	35,710	33,575	510	280	1,345	650
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	14,590	14,085	205	150	150	280
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	5,760	5,545	85	70	65	120
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	8,830	8,545	120	80	80	160
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	14,640	13,640	130	50	815	155
Refugees^Footnote 79	6,060	5,465	175	75	350	220
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	420	390	0	0	30	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	119,175	115,215	1,620	590	1,755	1,915
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	67,540	64,700	745	500	1,595	990
South Asian^Footnote 83	24,890	23,845	65	155	825	150
Chinese	3,400	3,035	0	30	325	20
Black	19,860	19,225	495	130	10	560
Filipino	5,690	5,625	0	15	40	10
Latin American	1,665	1,610	0	15	45	10
Arab	1,980	1,795	85	55	40	110
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	670	575	25	15	55	35
West Asian^Footnote 85	2,900	2,590	25	70	220	60
Korean	175	160	0	0	10	0
Japanese	210	205	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	3,185	3,145	35	10	0	40
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	2,910	2,890	10	10	15	10
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	51,640	50,515	880	90	160	920
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	119,175	115,215	1,620	590	1,750	1,915
North American Aboriginal origins	2,005	1,920	80	0	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,490	1,425	70	0	0	65
Inuit	45	40	0	0	0	0
Métis	490	470	20	0	0	20
Other North American origins	21,855	21,265	515	50	30	540
Acadian	65	50	25	0	0	25
American	890	890	0	0	0	0
Canadian	21,080	20,520	480	45	30	500
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	140	145	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	25	15	15	0	0	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	52,865	51,860	720	105	180	770
British Isles origins	35,195	34,975	190	25	0	200
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	20,180	20,100	75	0	0	75
Irish	14,105	13,995	100	0	0	100
Manx	30	25	0	0	0	0
Scottish	15,200	15,140	45	15	0	55
Welsh	1,330	1,330	0	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	2,565	2,540	20	0	0	25
French origins	6,160	5,495	605	35	20	630
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	6,160	5,495	605	35	15	630
Western European origins (except French origins)	8,435	8,340	70	20	10	80
Austrian	480	480	0	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	175	150	20	0	0	20
Dutch	2,530	2,510	15	0	0	15
Flemish	30	30	0	0	0	0
Frisian	15	10	0	0	0	0
German	5,560	5,505	35	20	0	45
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	180	175	10	0	0	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,405	1,385	20	0	0	20
Danish	415	415	0	0	0	0
Finnish	390	375	15	0	0	15
Icelandic	95	90	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	270	270	0	0	0	0
Swedish	285	285	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	60	55	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	6,500	6,340	40	45	70	65
Bulgarian	55	60	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	15	0	0	0	0
Czech	230	230	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	55	55	0	0	0	0
Estonian	140	140	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	850	840	0	0	0	0
Latvian	140	135	0	0	10	0
Lithuanian	90	85	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	35	30	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,470	2,415	25	15	20	30
Romanian	520	480	0	20	20	10
Russian	735	685	20	15	20	30
Slovak	170	175	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,920	1,890	10	15	0	20
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	40	40	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	13,960	13,760	65	35	95	85
Albanian	110	110	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	210	210	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	60	60	0	0	0	0
Greek	1,735	1,710	0	0	10	10
Italian	5,390	5,310	45	20	20	50
Kosovar	45	45	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	955	930	0	0	25	0
Maltese	405	405	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	3,590	3,545	20	0	20	20
Serbian	200	195	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	70	75	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	105	105	0	0	0	0
Spanish	2,450	2,410	0	15	25	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	130	130	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	460	455	10	0	0	10
Basque	0	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	310	310	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	155	150	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	18,535	18,400	110	25	0	120
Antiguan	255	255	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	1,205	1,205	0	10	0	10
Bermudan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Carib	85	85	0	0	0	0
Cuban	150	150	0	0	0	0
Dominican	255	250	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	725	720	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	35	35	0	0	0	0
Haitian	200	95	100	10	0	100
Jamaican	10,920	10,895	15	10	0	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	120	125	0	0	0	0
Martinican	35	35	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	30	35	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	30	30	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	260	255	0	10	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,625	2,625	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	640	635	0	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	2,645	2,635	0	0	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	645	640	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	5,430	5,335	20	20	55	30
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	200	195	0	10	0	0
Arawak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	65	60	0	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	150	140	0	0	0	0
Chilean	215	215	0	0	0	0
Colombian	175	165	0	0	10	0
Costa Rican	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	150	150	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	185	170	0	0	10	0
Guyanese	3,245	3,240	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	40	35	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maya	35	35	0	0	0	0
Mexican	185	170	0	0	10	10
Nicaraguan	100	100	0	10	0	0
Panamanian	70	65	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	140	130	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	175	160	0	0	0	10
Uruguayan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	215	215	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	225	210	0	0	10	0
African origins	7,135	6,530	430	135	40	500
Central and West African origins	1,535	1,235	275	30	0	290
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	20	15	0	0	0	0
Beninese	25	25	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	35	15	25	0	0	30
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	265	30	225	10	0	230
Edo	20	25	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	495	495	0	0	0	0
Guinean	15	10	10	10	0	0
Ibo	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	500	495	0	10	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	20	25	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	65	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	115	70	40	0	0	40
North African origins	1,005	895	60	40	20	80
Algerian	25	10	10	0	0	10
Berber	10	10	0	0	0	0
Coptic	95	90	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	815	755	20	30	15	30
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	95	60	20	10	10	20
Sudanese	55	50	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	20	10	10	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins	1,385	1,290	50	40	0	70
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	260	255	0	0	0	0
Harari	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	0	20	0	0	25
Mauritian	45	30	10	0	0	15
Oromo	25	25	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	20	15	0	10	0	0
Seychellois	25	15	0	10	0	0
Somali	330	305	0	20	10	10
South African	265	265	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	50	45	0	0	0	0
Zambian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	60	65	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	150	140	0	0	0	10
Other African origins	3,300	3,200	50	40	15	70
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	550	545	10	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	2,780	2,680	50	40	10	70
Asian origins	44,030	41,980	215	340	1,495	380
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	5,860	5,395	85	115	265	140
Afghan	2,705	2,435	25	55	195	50
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	330	320	10	0	10	0
Armenian	305	290	0	10	0	10
Assyrian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	25	25	0	0	0	0
Iranian	605	550	0	20	30	15
Iraqi	205	190	0	10	10	0
Israeli	100	90	10	0	10	10
Jordanian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	35	40	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	880	815	45	10	20	50
Palestinian	380	375	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	40	40	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Syrian	220	215	0	0	0	10
Tajik	35	35	0	0	10	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	300	275	0	10	10	10
Turkmen	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uighur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	20	20	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	115	115	0	0	10	0
South Asian origins	26,315	25,240	100	170	805	175
Bangladeshi	555	535	0	10	10	0
Bengali	185	175	0	0	10	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	15,460	15,020	70	40	325	95
Goan	110	115	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	110	110	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	35	35	0	0	0	0
Nepali	25	25	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	3,490	3,360	10	40	80	30
Punjabi	365	345	0	10	10	0
Sinhalese	120	110	0	0	0	10
Sri Lankan	5,275	4,905	15	50	310	40
Tamil	1,825	1,670	0	10	140	15
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	1,120	1,070	0	15	40	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	12,765	12,215	35	80	440	75
Burmese	70	70	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	70	0	0	10	0
Chinese	5,515	5,145	15	35	320	35
Filipino	6,480	6,415	0	25	45	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	150	150	0	0	0	0
Japanese	370	360	0	10	0	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	225	210	0	0	10	10
Laotian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	90	85	0	10	10	10
Singaporean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	45	30	0	0	15	0
Thai	65	60	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	50	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	470	400	15	10	40	20
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	65	65	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	230	225	0	0	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	230	220	0	0	10	0
Oceania origins	175	175	0	0	0	0
Australian	85	85	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	30	30	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	55	55	0	0	0	0
Fijian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	95,545	92,330	1,400	345	1,465	1,570
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,400	13,315	165	25	890	175
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	27,775	27,040	295	95	340	345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,370	51,975	940	225	235	1,050
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,140	5,030	85	15	20	90
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	2,550	2,485	50	0	15	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	2,590	2,540	35	10	0	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	22,480	21,980	360	50	95	385
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,460	2,375	50	0	25	50
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	23,290	22,595	450	150	95	525
Bachelor's degree	17,065	16,600	325	80	60	365
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,525	1,445	50	15	15	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	420	0	0	0	10
Master's degree	3,995	3,865	60	45	15	85
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	270	265	0	0	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	95,545	92,335	1,405	340	1,465	1,570
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	42,170	40,355	460	115	1,235	520
Education	2,550	2,435	90	10	20	90
13. Education	2,550	2,435	90	0	20	90
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,910	1,855	45	10	10	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	420	400	20	0	0	20
50. Visual and performing arts	1,495	1,455	30	0	10	30
Humanities	2,750	2,655	65	20	15	80
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	220	200	15	0	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	705	695	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	980	955	15	10	10	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	135	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	230	10	0	0	0
54. History	390	370	10	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	75	55	15	0	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,130	6,910	140	50	30	165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	55	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	775	740	25	0	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	1,370	20	0	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	1,230	1,190	30	10	10	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	125	125	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	950	945	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	2,595	2,475	55	40	20	75
Business, management and public administration	13,375	13,050	220	55	50	245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55	60	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,000	985	10	0	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,315	12,010	205	50	45	235
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,145	2,085	25	20	10	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	875	845	10	15	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	605	605	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	50	45	0	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	500	475	15	0	10	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	115	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,310	3,215	60	15	20	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,860	2,790	50	10	0	55
25. Library science	80	80	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	335	310	0	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	35	35	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,850	9,625	150	30	45	170
04. Architecture and related services	350	335	10	0	0	10
14. Engineering	2,965	2,900	35	15	15	45
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,245	2,190	40	0	15	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,710	1,680	20	0	0	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,800	1,760	35	0	0	35
48. Precision production	775	760	15	0	0	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	555	550	10	0	0	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	295	285	10	0	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	260	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	6,990	6,825	110	15	35	120
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	625	595	25	0	0	25
51. Health professions and related programs	6,275	6,140	85	15	30	90
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	90	90	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,805	2,760	30	10	10	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,375	1,355	15	0	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,065	1,055	10	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	350	10	0	10	0
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	95,545	92,335	1,400	340	1,465	1,570
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,170	40,360	460	120	1,235	515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	53,375	51,975	940	225	235	1,050
Location of study inside Canada	40,485	39,590	770	105	20	825
Same as province or territory of residence	38,490	37,830	570	75	20	605
Different than province or territory of residence	2,000	1,765	205	30	0	220
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	12,885	12,385	170	125	210	230
United States^Footnote 130	1,300	1,275	15	10	0	20
Philippines	1,665	1,660	0	0	10	0
India	2,080	2,025	10	15	30	15
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,105	1,105	10	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	430	400	0	0	30	0
France	80	10	45	20	0	50
Other	6,230	5,910	95	80	145	135
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	95,540	92,330	1,400	340	1,465	not applicable ...
In the labour force	67,415	65,890	1,020	235	265	not applicable ...
Employed	61,870	60,460	975	225	210	not applicable ...
Unemployed	5,545	5,430	50	10	55	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	28,130	26,445	380	110	1,200	not applicable ...
Participation rate	70.6	71.4	72.9	69.1	18.1	not applicable ...
Employment rate	64.8	65.5	69.6	66.2	14.3	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.2	4.9	4.3	20.8	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	95,545	92,330	1,400	345	1,465	1,570
Did not work^Footnote 135	27,840	26,140	375	125	1,205	440
Worked	67,700	66,195	1,025	220	260	1,135
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	36,915	36,155	560	95	100	610
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	30,790	30,040	465	125	155	530
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.2	42.7	42.3	37.3	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	70,015	68,425	1,060	245	285	1,185
a.Management	7,695	7,525	120	35	20	140
00 Senior management occupations	655	645	15	0	0	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	3,550	3,470	55	15	0	65
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,160	2,120	30	0	10	35
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,330	1,290	20	10	0	25
b.Professional	12,800	12,400	310	80	0	355
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	3,120	3,040	60	20	0	75
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	3,390	3,290	85	20	0	90
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,245	1,220	15	10	0	20
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	575	575	0	0	0	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,320	2,205	95	10	0	100
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,580	1,540	45	0	0	40
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	560	540	15	0	0	15
c.Technical and paraprofessional	7,110	6,975	105	30	10	115
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,000	1,975	25	10	0	30
32 Technical occupations in health	1,140	1,120	10	0	0	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,930	1,885	35	10	0	40
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	520	505	15	0	0	15
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,520	1,480	25	0	10	25
d.Administration and administrative support	10,350	10,175	120	10	45	125
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	4,265	4,210	45	0	10	45
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	940	925	0	0	15	0
14 Office support occupations	3,680	3,595	60	10	20	65
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,460	1,440	10	0	10	10
e.Sales	7,985	7,820	105	25	35	115
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,280	2,225	45	0	10	45
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	3,385	3,330	40	10	10	45
66 Sales support occupations	2,320	2,270	25	10	20	25
f.Personal and customer information services	11,790	11,430	205	50	100	230
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,100	1,085	10	10	0	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,425	1,365	30	0	30	30
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,905	1,830	25	10	35	35
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,070	3,925	115	25	10	130
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,290	3,225	25	15	30	30
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,485	4,425	30	15	10	45
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,730	2,685	25	10	10	30
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,755	1,740	10	0	0	10
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,305	4,255	30	0	10	35
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,170	1,155	10	0	10	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,470	2,445	20	0	0	20
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	665	655	0	0	10	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	610	590	10	0	10	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	125	125	0	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	60	60	0	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	420	410	10	0	0	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,900	2,825	25	0	45	25
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	465	465	10	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	805	775	10	0	20	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	735	730	0	0	10	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	885	855	10	0	20	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	70,020	68,430	1,060	245	285	1,185
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	170	155	0	0	10	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	140	130	0	0	10	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	25	25	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	95	0	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	45	45	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	40	40	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	15	10	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,070	1,060	10	0	0	10
221 Utilities	1,070	1,055	10	0	0	10
23 Construction	4,060	3,995	25	10	25	25
236 Construction of buildings	1,075	1,045	0	10	15	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	410	405	10	0	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,575	2,540	15	10	10	20
31-33 Manufacturing	5,430	5,290	65	15	60	70
311 Food manufacturing	485	455	20	0	15	20
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	60	60	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	50	45	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	15	15	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	65	55	0	0	15	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	45	45	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	285	285	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	400	385	10	0	10	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	30	35	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	495	490	0	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	350	345	0	10	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	115	115	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	130	130	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	525	525	0	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	315	305	0	10	0	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	375	360	15	0	0	15
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	150	140	0	0	0	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	960	955	0	0	0	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	275	260	10	0	0	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	300	290	10	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	2,770	2,690	65	0	10	70
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	10	10	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	15	20	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	435	420	15	0	0	15
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	465	455	0	0	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	150	145	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	380	370	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	895	870	20	0	10	25
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	295	285	10	0	0	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	130	125	0	0	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	7,975	7,830	75	35	35	95
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	810	795	0	10	0	15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	240	240	0	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	490	475	0	0	10	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	455	440	15	0	0	20
445 Food and beverage stores	1,490	1,470	0	0	15	0
446 Health and personal care stores	815	790	15	0	0	10
447 Gasoline stations	155	155	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,135	1,115	20	0	0	20
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	375	360	10	10	0	15
452 General merchandise stores	1,300	1,285	0	10	0	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	445	435	0	10	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	275	270	0	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,905	3,835	55	0	10	55
481 Air transportation	155	140	10	0	0	15
482 Rail transportation	95	95	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	680	665	10	0	0	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,425	1,415	10	0	0	10
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	300	285	15	0	0	15
491 Postal service	380	375	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	325	320	0	0	10	0
493 Warehousing and storage	520	510	10	0	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,525	2,470	50	0	0	50
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	375	365	15	0	0	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	255	255	10	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	300	290	10	0	0	10
517 Telecommunications	1,250	1,225	20	0	0	20
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	150	145	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	200	200	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	6,910	6,735	130	45	0	150
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	3,900	3,780	80	40	0	100
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	795	770	20	0	0	25
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,155	2,120	30	0	0	30
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	60	60	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,450	1,405	30	10	10	35
531 Real estate	1,275	1,235	30	10	10	35
532 Rental and leasing services	165	170	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,510	5,410	75	25	10	85
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,510	5,405	75	20	10	85
55 Management of companies and enterprises	210	200	10	0	0	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	210	205	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,620	3,495	85	10	25	90
561 Administrative and support services	3,505	3,380	85	10	25	90
562 Waste management and remediation services	115	115	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	4,740	4,565	150	10	15	155
611 Educational services	4,745	4,565	155	10	10	160
62 Health care and social assistance	7,160	7,035	75	45	15	95
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,075	2,035	25	10	10	25
622 Hospitals	2,160	2,135	0	15	0	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,215	1,195	15	0	0	15
624 Social assistance	1,715	1,670	25	15	10	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,355	1,325	15	10	0	15
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	380	370	0	10	10	0
712 Heritage institutions	80	80	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	890	875	15	0	0	15
72 Accommodation and food services	4,360	4,250	50	15	35	60
721 Accommodation services	420	410	10	10	0	15
722 Food services and drinking places	3,930	3,840	45	10	35	50
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,730	2,660	35	0	30	35
811 Repair and maintenance	780	770	10	0	10	10
812 Personal and laundry services	865	845	0	0	10	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	840	825	10	0	0	10
814 Private households	245	215	10	0	20	10
91 Public administration	3,985	3,905	70	10	10	75
911 Federal government public administration	880	860	20	0	0	20
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	855	820	30	0	0	30
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,245	2,220	20	0	0	20
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	61,870	60,455	970	225	210	1,085
Worked at home	3,695	3,590	80	15	20	85
Worked outside Canada	260	260	10	0	0	10
No fixed workplace address	7,180	7,065	75	15	25	85
Worked at usual place	50,725	49,550	810	195	170	915
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	70,020	68,425	1,065	245	285	1,185
English	68,450	67,405	740	180	130	830
French	305	95	195	10	0	200
Non-official language	425	280	0	0	140	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	425	280	0	0	145	0
English and French	345	175	125	50	0	145
English and non-official language	475	460	0	10	15	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	70,015	68,425	1,060	240	285	1,185
None	67,535	66,465	630	200	240	730
English	350	230	110	10	10	110
French	890	575	305	10	0	310
Non-official language	1,200	1,130	10	15	45	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,200	1,130	10	15	45	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	25	10	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	50,725	49,545	810	195	170	910
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,565	9,345	125	50	45	150
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,755	9,545	145	35	30	165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	31,300	30,550	535	115	95	590
Commute to a different province or territory	110	105	0	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	57,905	56,605	890	210	195	995
Car, truck, van - as a driver	42,125	41,205	625	175	125	710
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,700	3,630	50	0	25	45
Public transit	9,860	9,615	195	35	25	210
Walked	1,355	1,310	25	10	20	25
Bicycle	275	275	0	0	0	0
Other method	585	570	0	10	10	10
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	57,905	56,610	895	210	195	995
Less than 15 minutes	9,335	9,130	125	40	35	145
15 to 29 minutes	12,460	12,215	170	45	30	190
30 to 44 minutes	11,795	11,535	175	10	70	180
45 to 59 minutes	8,950	8,715	155	60	25	180
60 minutes and over	15,375	15,015	265	55	35	295
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	57,905	56,605	890	210	195	1,000
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,825	4,760	35	10	10	40
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,805	11,515	205	50	35	230
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,085	14,720	275	45	40	300
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,890	9,635	175	45	30	200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,795	6,660	90	20	20	105
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,515	9,325	105	40	45	125
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	117,890	114,045	1,610	580	1,660	1,900
Non-movers	107,245	103,830	1,500	515	1,400	1,755
Movers	10,640	10,215	110	60	260	140
Non-migrants	4,465	4,345	35	20	60	50
Migrants	6,180	5,870	70	35	200	90
Internal migrants	5,575	5,310	70	40	150	95
Intraprovincial migrants	5,335	5,095	50	35	150	70
Interprovincial migrants	240	220	20	0	0	20
External migrants	610	560	0	0	50	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	112,130	108,510	1,565	570	1,485	1,850
Non-movers	73,130	71,130	1,000	330	670	1,165
Movers	39,005	37,380	565	240	810	685
Non-migrants	15,745	15,295	175	75	200	210
Migrants	23,260	22,090	395	165	610	475
Internal migrants	20,390	19,425	345	155	470	425
Intraprovincial migrants	19,850	18,965	305	125	455	370
Interprovincial migrants	540	455	45	30	10	55
External migrants	2,860	2,665	45	10	140	55

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Ajax, T

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.6%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.