Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Niagara Falls, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	85,975	83,060	1,690	260	960	1,825
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	85,980	83,060	1,690	265	960	1,825
0 to 14 years	13,205	12,920	95	70	120	130
0 to 4 years	4,135	4,005	25	0	95	30
5 to 9 years	4,450	4,390	25	20	10	40
10 to 14 years	4,620	4,525	45	40	15	65
15 to 64 years	56,305	54,835	1,015	140	310	1,085
15 to 19 years	5,070	4,970	45	50	0	70
20 to 24 years	5,240	5,175	40	20	0	50
25 to 29 years	4,945	4,820	85	25	15	95
30 to 34 years	4,795	4,710	60	0	20	65
35 to 39 years	5,065	4,975	70	10	15	80
40 to 44 years	5,405	5,290	105	0	15	100
45 to 49 years	6,070	5,935	75	20	45	85
50 to 54 years	6,835	6,615	145	10	65	145
55 to 59 years	6,780	6,515	190	10	65	200
60 to 64 years	6,100	5,830	200	10	60	200
65 years and over	16,460	15,305	580	45	525	605
65 to 69 years	5,620	5,330	175	0	105	180
70 to 74 years	3,910	3,695	140	10	60	150
75 to 79 years	2,790	2,525	130	10	130	135
80 to 84 years	2,160	1,935	95	15	120	105
85 years and over	1,975	1,815	45	0	110	45
85 to 89 years	1,360	1,255	30	10	65	35
90 to 94 years	500	450	10	0	40	0
95 to 99 years	115	105	0	0	10	0
100 years and over	10	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	42.7	42.3	54.4	33.9	59.8	not applicable ...
Median age	44.4	43.9	58.3	20.7	66.9	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	72,765	70,140	1,600	185	840	1,690
Married or living common law	40,090	38,585	935	70	500	965
Married	33,550	32,235	765	65	495	795
Living common law	6,540	6,350	170	10	10	175
Not married and not living common law	32,680	31,560	665	120	335	725
Never married	19,610	19,240	250	95	30	295
Separated	2,800	2,695	85	10	15	85
Divorced	5,460	5,255	145	10	50	145
Widowed	4,810	4,370	190	0	245	190
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	72,770	70,145	1,600	190	840	1,695
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,570	68,055	1,575	165	780	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,360	38,591	38,008	37,735	19,053	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,432	29,787	28,519	16,353	17,744	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,590	68,070	1,575	160	780	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,091	33,274	32,699	29,650	18,588	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,340	27,602	26,335	16,034	17,730	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,085	60,185	1,325	140	430	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,170	36,364	35,038	36,466	12,604	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,373	26,627	23,880	14,407	8,300	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	54,785	52,675	1,285	130	700	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,423	8,310	10,351	8,376	13,387	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,801	6,612	10,165	7,447	14,985	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	50,700	49,415	955	110	220	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,542	35,582	37,735	38,832	15,660	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,587	26,719	28,333	11,046	11,700	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	83.0	83.3	77.8	81.5	36.9	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	66.6	66.9	60.2	67.5	23.7	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	17.0	16.7	22.2	17.5	63.1	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	72,770	70,140	1,600	190	840	1,695
Without total income	2,195	2,085	25	25	65	35
With total income	70,570	68,055	1,575	165	775	1,660
Percentage with total income	97.0	97.0	98.4	86.8	92.3	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,045	9,670	205	too unreliable to be published F	130	230
$10,000 to $19,999	13,855	13,070	355	too unreliable to be published F	380	375
$20,000 to $29,999	11,920	11,460	285	too unreliable to be published F	150	295
$30,000 to $39,999	9,430	9,095	220	too unreliable to be published F	95	225
$40,000 to $49,999	7,570	7,425	115	too unreliable to be published F	15	120
$50,000 to $59,999	5,415	5,290	105	too unreliable to be published F	10	110
$60,000 to $69,999	3,565	3,480	85	too unreliable to be published F	0	85
$70,000 to $79,999	2,140	2,090	45	too unreliable to be published F	0	45
$80,000 to $89,999	1,760	1,720	40	too unreliable to be published F	0	45
$90,000 to $99,999	1,545	1,500	40	too unreliable to be published F	0	40
$100,000 and over	3,330	3,245	85	too unreliable to be published F	0	85
$100,000 to $149,999	2,560	2,495	60	too unreliable to be published F	0	60
$150,000 and over	780	750	20	too unreliable to be published F	0	30
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	72,770	70,145	1,595	190	840	1,690
Without after-tax income	2,180	2,065	25	25	60	35
With after-tax income	70,585	68,075	1,570	160	780	1,655
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	97.0	98.4	84.2	92.9	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,365	9,985	210	too unreliable to be published F	130	225
$10,000 to $19,999	14,490	13,685	375	too unreliable to be published F	380	395
$20,000 to $29,999	13,680	13,160	325	too unreliable to be published F	160	340
$30,000 to $39,999	10,820	10,510	215	too unreliable to be published F	90	220
$40,000 to $49,999	8,195	8,010	165	too unreliable to be published F	10	170
$50,000 to $59,999	4,630	4,540	85	too unreliable to be published F	0	90
$60,000 to $69,999	2,830	2,735	95	too unreliable to be published F	0	95
$70,000 to $79,999	2,090	2,065	25	too unreliable to be published F	0	30
$80,000 and over	3,480	3,385	90	too unreliable to be published F	0	95
$80,000 to $89,999	1,465	1,415	45	too unreliable to be published F	0	50
$90,000 to $99,999	720	710	15	too unreliable to be published F	0	10
$100,000 and over	1,295	1,265	35	too unreliable to be published F	0	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	72,765	70,145	1,600	190	840	1,695
Without employment income	22,070	20,725	645	80	615	685
With employment income	50,695	49,410	950	110	220	1,010
Percentage with employment income	69.7	70.4	59.4	57.9	26.2	59.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,760	7,475	215	too unreliable to be published F	35	230
$5,000 to $9,999	4,900	4,775	55	too unreliable to be published F	60	60
$10,000 to $19,999	8,095	7,890	120	too unreliable to be published F	55	135
$20,000 to $29,999	6,810	6,640	120	too unreliable to be published F	35	130
$30,000 to $39,999	5,580	5,435	110	too unreliable to be published F	35	110
$40,000 to $49,999	4,835	4,775	55	too unreliable to be published F	0	60
$50,000 to $59,999	3,505	3,445	60	too unreliable to be published F	0	60
$60,000 to $69,999	2,470	2,430	40	too unreliable to be published F	0	40
$70,000 to $79,999	1,515	1,485	25	too unreliable to be published F	0	30
$80,000 and over	5,230	5,065	150	too unreliable to be published F	0	155
$80,000 to $89,999	1,320	1,265	55	too unreliable to be published F	0	55
$90,000 to $99,999	1,435	1,405	30	too unreliable to be published F	0	30
$100,000 and over	2,470	2,400	70	too unreliable to be published F	0	70
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	72,765	70,140	1,600	190	840	1,695
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	22,360	21,855	420	30	65	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	45,526	45,552	50,683	0	22,259	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	53,073	53,095	57,605	0	22,553	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	85,975	83,060	1,695	260	960	1,825
English only	78,845	78,845	0	0	0	0
French only	40	0	40	0	0	40
English and French	6,105	4,190	1,650	260	0	1,780
Neither English nor French	985	20	0	0	960	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	85,975	83,060	1,690	260	960	1,825
English	75,665	74,485	1,185	0	0	1,185
French	450	10	435	0	0	440
Non-official language	6,635	5,490	0	185	960	90
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,635	5,485	0	190	960	95
English and French	145	60	45	45	0	65
English and non-official language	2,980	2,975	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	90	40	20	30	0	35
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	85,975	83,065	1,695	260	960	1,825
None	76,770	74,790	970	130	875	1,035
English	3,005	2,660	200	95	55	245
French	1,245	755	480	15	0	490
Non-official language	4,860	4,795	25	10	35	35
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,855	4,780	25	10	35	35
English and French	15	10	0	15	0	10
English and non-official language	30	35	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	30	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	85,975	83,060	1,690	260	960	1,825
English	67,055	67,055	0	0	0	10
French	1,750	130	1,615	0	0	1,615
Non-official language	15,570	14,370	30	210	960	135
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	15,555	14,355	30	210	960	135
English and French	315	260	10	45	0	35
English and non-official language	1,220	1,220	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	10	30	0	0	30
English, French and non-official language	25	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	85,975	83,065	1,695	260	960	1,825
Official languages	84,990	83,035	1,695	260	0	1,820
English	84,950	83,040	1,650	260	0	1,785
French	6,145	4,190	1,690	260	0	1,825
Non-official languages	19,330	18,020	135	220	960	245
Aboriginal languages	15	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	19,315	18,005	135	220	960	245
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	85,975	83,060	1,690	260	960	1,825
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	2,240	2,125	110	0	10	115
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	2,070	1,960	110	0	10	105
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	1,355	1,335	25	0	0	25
Métis	715	630	80	0	0	80
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	85	80	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	75	80	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	83,740	80,940	1,580	265	955	1,710
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	85,975	83,065	1,690	260	960	1,825
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	765	730	35	0	0	35
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	85,215	82,335	1,660	260	960	1,790
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	85,975	83,060	1,695	260	960	1,825
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	395	375	15	0	0	20
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	390	375	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	270	270	0	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	115	105	15	0	0	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	3,155	2,990	165	0	0	165
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	3,045	2,895	155	0	0	155
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,370	2,270	100	0	0	100
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	665	610	55	0	0	55
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	110	90	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	90	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	82,425	79,695	1,510	265	960	1,640
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	85,975	83,060	1,695	265	960	1,825
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	81,605	79,080	1,675	205	640	1,780
Canadian citizens only	78,620	76,285	1,635	160	550	1,710
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,985	2,800	45	50	95	65
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	4,370	3,980	15	55	315	45
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	85,975	83,065	1,690	260	960	1,825
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	67,310	65,510	1,585	105	115	1,635
Immigrants^Footnote 42	17,840	16,765	95	150	835	170
Before 1981	7,860	7,560	40	30	230	55
1981 to 1990	1,845	1,785	0	0	60	10
1991 to 2000	3,030	2,770	20	15	220	25
2001 to 2010	3,500	3,255	35	55	155	60
2001 to 2005	1,725	1,625	10	30	60	30
2006 to 2010	1,775	1,630	25	25	95	35
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	1,610	1,400	0	50	165	20
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	820	785	10	10	15	15
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	17,845	16,765	100	150	830	170
Under 5 years	1,965	1,915	10	30	0	30
5 to 14 years	3,485	3,420	15	35	25	30
15 to 24 years	4,380	4,235	15	25	100	30
25 to 44 years	6,790	6,355	40	45	355	60
45 years and over	1,220	840	15	15	355	20
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	17,845	16,770	95	150	830	170
Americas	2,865	2,785	0	35	40	20
Brazil	50	45	0	0	0	0
Colombia	315	280	0	10	15	0
El Salvador	75	65	0	0	0	0
Guyana	85	80	0	0	0	0
Haiti	25	10	0	15	0	10
Jamaica	155	155	0	0	0	0
Mexico	110	110	0	0	0	0
Peru	40	35	0	0	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	190	190	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,315	1,300	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	520	505	0	0	10	0
Europe	9,080	8,630	35	45	365	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	260	240	0	0	15	0
Croatia	570	510	0	10	50	10
France	65	40	25	0	0	25
Germany	440	425	0	10	0	0
Greece	100	95	0	0	0	0
Hungary	235	235	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	40	40	0	0	0	0
Italy	2,765	2,540	0	10	215	0
Netherlands	200	200	0	0	0	0
Poland	515	500	0	0	15	0
Portugal	95	100	0	0	0	0
Romania	215	165	10	10	25	15
Russian Federation	120	115	0	0	10	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	360	345	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	145	135	0	0	15	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	2,225	2,230	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	735	725	0	0	10	0
Africa	645	565	40	10	20	50
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	90	60	15	10	0	25
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	60	50	10	0	0	10
Morocco	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	25	0	0	0	0
Somalia	90	70	0	0	20	0
South Africa, Republic of	90	85	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	275	245	10	10	10	15
Asia	5,175	4,710	10	55	400	40
Afghanistan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	45	45	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	945	720	0	0	215	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	70	70	0	0	0	0
India	800	755	0	0	40	10
Iran^Footnote 53	155	145	0	0	10	0
Iraq	135	125	0	0	10	0
Japan	140	140	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	205	195	0	0	15	0
Lebanon	100	90	0	10	0	10
Pakistan	325	295	0	10	25	0
Philippines	1,245	1,225	0	10	10	0
Sri Lanka	80	75	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	375	315	0	0	65	0
Other places of birth in Asia	520	475	0	20	25	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	75	80	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	1,610	1,395	0	45	165	25
Americas	250	235	0	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	35	35	0	0	0	0
Cuba	45	40	0	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0	10	0	0
Jamaica	25	25	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	85	85	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	30	0	0	0	0
Europe	275	230	0	10	40	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	50	25	0	0	25	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	70	70	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	130	115	0	0	10	0
Africa	90	70	0	0	15	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	0	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	35	25	0	0	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	30	0	0	0	0
Asia	985	855	0	30	105	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	170	95	0	0	75	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	175	165	0	0	10	0
Iran^Footnote 65	50	50	0	0	0	0
Iraq	30	25	0	0	10	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	45	45	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	10	0	0
Nepal	40	30	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	95	75	0	0	10	0
Philippines	310	300	0	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	15	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	85,975	83,060	1,695	260	960	1,825
First generation^Footnote 71	19,115	17,995	110	155	850	185
Second generation^Footnote 72	20,370	20,095	115	60	105	145
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	46,495	44,975	1,470	45	10	1,490
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	10,165	9,385	60	115	605	115
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	4,165	3,955	30	45	135	55
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	1,720	1,640	15	0	50	20
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	2,450	2,310	20	35	80	35
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	3,520	3,185	10	15	315	15
Refugees^Footnote 79	2,320	2,090	20	60	150	50
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	165	155	0	0	10	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	85,975	83,065	1,695	265	960	1,825
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	11,165	10,420	105	105	535	155
South Asian^Footnote 83	2,430	2,320	0	25	90	15
Chinese	1,665	1,365	10	20	275	20
Black	1,730	1,660	35	10	20	40
Filipino	1,775	1,755	0	10	10	10
Latin American	950	895	10	15	30	10
Arab	545	470	55	15	10	55
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	690	625	0	10	55	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	315	315	0	0	0	0
Korean	325	310	0	0	20	0
Japanese	240	240	0	0	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	100	105	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	390	370	0	0	15	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	74,815	72,640	1,590	160	430	1,665
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	85,980	83,060	1,695	260	960	1,825
North American Aboriginal origins	3,550	3,365	185	0	0	185
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,755	2,635	120	0	0	115
Inuit	15	15	0	0	0	0
Métis	890	810	80	0	0	80
Other North American origins	24,155	23,185	925	30	15	935
Acadian	70	50	20	0	0	15
American	1,495	1,485	10	0	0	10
Canadian	23,080	22,125	915	25	15	925
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	65	70	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	15	20	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	64,850	63,155	1,140	130	415	1,205
British Isles origins	38,280	38,040	225	10	10	230
Channel Islander	30	30	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	22,180	22,060	100	0	10	105
Irish	14,685	14,590	95	0	0	95
Manx	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	15,880	15,805	70	0	0	75
Welsh	1,800	1,800	0	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	2,025	2,020	0	0	0	0
French origins	10,565	9,495	1,055	10	0	1,055
Alsatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	0	0	0	0	0
French	10,560	9,490	1,050	15	0	1,060
Western European origins (except French origins)	13,380	13,310	70	0	0	70
Austrian	525	525	0	0	0	0
Bavarian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Belgian	285	270	10	0	0	15
Dutch	3,320	3,310	0	0	0	10
Flemish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	20	20	0	0	0	0
German	9,970	9,930	35	0	0	35
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	195	185	10	0	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,330	1,320	0	0	0	0
Danish	340	335	0	10	0	0
Finnish	305	305	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	35	40	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	340	340	0	0	0	0
Swedish	305	300	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	75	75	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	11,160	10,980	45	45	90	70
Bulgarian	225	220	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Czech	285	285	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	115	115	0	0	0	0
Estonian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,170	2,135	15	0	10	15
Latvian	160	160	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	195	195	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	3,730	3,695	10	0	20	10
Romanian	660	605	10	20	20	20
Russian	1,065	1,020	10	10	25	15
Slovak	425	425	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	3,715	3,660	10	15	30	15
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	20	20	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	20,920	20,435	95	70	325	130
Albanian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	245	225	0	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	645	605	0	15	20	15
Cypriot	40	35	0	0	0	0
Greek	700	690	10	0	0	10
Italian	16,470	16,185	45	25	225	60
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	135	130	0	0	0	0
Maltese	175	175	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	40	40	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	455	440	10	0	0	15
Serbian	1,560	1,465	0	15	85	0
Sicilian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	115	115	0	0	0	0
Spanish	970	940	25	0	0	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	275	265	10	0	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	10	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	175	165	10	10	0	10
Basque	15	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	110	100	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	30	30	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	1,245	1,190	30	10	10	40
Antiguan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	155	140	0	0	10	0
Dominican	25	20	10	0	0	10
Grenadian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	65	30	10	10	10	15
Jamaican	600	585	10	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	15	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	195	195	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	85	85	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	35	30	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,320	1,270	0	20	25	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	85	90	0	0	0	0
Arawak	10	15	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	80	0	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Colombian	380	345	0	15	15	10
Costa Rican	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	65	70	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	115	115	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	25	30	0	0	0	0
Honduran	35	35	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	15	0	0	0	0
Mexican	200	195	0	0	0	10
Nicaraguan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	110	105	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	40	40	0	0	0	0
African origins	1,260	1,185	45	0	30	45
Central and West African origins	70	65	0	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	20	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	275	235	35	0	0	40
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	20	0	10	0	0	15
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	130	100	30	0	0	25
Libyan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	25	10	0	0	10
Sudanese	100	100	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	380	355	10	0	20	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	30	25	10	0	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	155	135	0	0	20	0
South African	120	125	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	45	45	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	10	15	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	545	530	0	0	10	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	90	90	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	455	450	0	0	10	0
Asian origins	8,840	8,220	70	70	485	100
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,375	1,270	65	20	25	70
Afghan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	85	60	25	0	0	25
Armenian	160	135	20	0	10	20
Assyrian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	30	25	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	175	180	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	95	90	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	105	100	0	0	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	315	290	15	0	10	20
Palestinian	40	30	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	10	0	0	10	0
Turk	205	185	0	10	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	60	55	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	25	25	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,430	2,315	0	25	85	10
Bangladeshi	25	20	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,865	1,805	0	10	55	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	15	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	70	50	0	0	10	0
Pakistani	395	370	0	10	15	0
Punjabi	30	30	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	65	70	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,095	4,685	0	30	375	20
Burmese	25	30	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	70	70	0	0	0	0
Chinese	2,050	1,755	10	15	280	15
Filipino	1,880	1,855	0	10	10	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Japanese	305	300	0	0	10	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	335	315	0	0	15	0
Laotian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	30	20	0	0	10	0
Tibetan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	650	585	0	0	60	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	25	30	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	95	95	0	0	0	0
Australian	80	80	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	72,770	70,140	1,600	190	840	1,690
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,180	13,150	440	65	525	475
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	23,925	23,275	410	40	205	430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,665	33,715	745	80	115	790
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,870	5,610	200	15	40	210
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	2,815	2,670	115	10	20	125
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	3,050	2,945	90	0	20	90
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,755	16,375	335	20	20	345
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,340	1,295	25	10	10	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,700	10,435	185	30	45	200
Bachelor's degree	7,500	7,365	95	20	20	110
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	655	625	0	0	25	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	235	10	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,120	2,020	80	20	0	85
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	180	180	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	72,770	70,140	1,595	185	840	1,695
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	38,105	36,425	850	105	725	900
Education	2,175	2,085	75	10	15	75
13. Education	2,180	2,085	75	10	10	75
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,205	1,165	40	0	0	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	230	10	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	970	940	30	0	0	25
Humanities	1,550	1,510	25	20	0	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	145	145	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	355	350	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	525	10	0	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	50	0	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	105	10	0	0	0
54. History	225	220	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	120	110	10	10	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,590	3,525	45	0	15	50
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	30	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	290	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	935	10	0	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	490	475	10	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	50	50	0	10	0	0
42. Psychology	550	525	20	0	10	20
45. Social sciences	1,235	1,215	15	0	0	15
Business, management and public administration	6,755	6,580	150	15	15	155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	585	570	15	0	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,155	5,995	135	10	15	140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	925	915	10	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	380	380	10	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	205	0	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	10	10	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	265	265	0	0	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	60	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,140	1,120	20	0	0	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	830	815	20	0	0	20
25. Library science	105	105	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	185	185	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	20	15	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,435	7,180	190	20	50	195
04. Architecture and related services	180	175	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	925	875	30	0	25	30
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,800	1,765	35	10	0	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,500	1,445	40	0	10	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,875	1,805	50	10	10	55
48. Precision production	1,165	1,115	40	0	10	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	645	630	10	0	0	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	490	475	10	0	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	155	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	5,840	5,730	100	0	10	105
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	575	570	0	0	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	5,190	5,085	95	10	10	95
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	75	70	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,395	3,275	90	20	10	100
12. Personal and culinary services	1,860	1,790	45	15	10	55
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,040	1,030	15	0	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	415	30	0	0	35
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	72,770	70,140	1,595	190	840	1,690
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,105	36,425	850	105	725	905
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	34,660	33,715	745	80	115	790
Location of study inside Canada	28,520	27,800	670	50	0	700
Same as province or territory of residence	27,220	26,605	575	45	0	595
Different than province or territory of residence	1,300	1,195	105	0	0	105
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	6,140	5,920	75	30	115	90
United States^Footnote 130	1,630	1,610	15	10	0	20
Philippines	685	685	0	0	0	0
India	495	475	0	10	15	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	660	650	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	235	215	0	0	15	0
France	40	10	30	0	0	30
Other	2,395	2,270	20	20	90	25
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	72,765	70,140	1,595	190	840	not applicable ...
In the labour force	45,085	44,040	780	85	180	not applicable ...
Employed	41,625	40,645	735	80	160	not applicable ...
Unemployed	3,460	3,395	40	10	20	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	27,685	26,100	820	105	660	not applicable ...
Participation rate	62.0	62.8	48.9	44.7	21.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	57.2	57.9	46.1	42.1	19.0	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.7	5.1	11.8	11.1	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	72,770	70,140	1,600	190	835	1,695
Did not work^Footnote 135	26,040	24,500	805	85	655	845
Worked	46,730	45,645	795	105	185	845
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	22,885	22,360	430	30	65	445
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	23,840	23,285	365	70	125	400
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.5	42.6	31.8	37.7	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	48,270	47,120	855	115	190	910
a.Management	4,330	4,235	75	15	0	85
00 Senior management occupations	295	280	10	0	0	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,000	975	20	0	0	20
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,370	2,340	30	10	0	25
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	670	640	25	0	0	25
b.Professional	5,300	5,170	115	0	0	125
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	925	915	10	0	0	10
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	840	830	10	0	0	15
30 Professional occupations in nursing	770	760	10	0	0	10
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	355	350	10	0	0	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,460	1,385	60	10	0	60
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	670	645	20	0	0	25
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	290	285	10	0	0	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	4,120	4,040	75	0	0	80
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,120	1,090	30	0	0	25
32 Technical occupations in health	935	905	25	0	0	25
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	750	750	10	0	0	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	415	410	0	0	0	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	900	885	10	0	0	15
d.Administration and administrative support	4,750	4,660	85	0	10	85
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,915	1,870	35	0	0	40
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	380	375	0	0	0	10
14 Office support occupations	1,675	1,660	20	0	0	20
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	780	755	25	0	0	25
e.Sales	5,455	5,385	50	10	10	60
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	930	930	10	0	0	10
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	2,255	2,215	40	0	0	40
66 Sales support occupations	2,265	2,245	10	10	10	15
f.Personal and customer information services	15,280	14,845	260	65	105	295
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	920	915	0	0	0	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	845	820	20	0	0	20
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,660	2,580	45	0	30	50
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	5,285	5,150	100	20	10	110
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	5,575	5,385	90	30	65	110
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	3,275	3,145	90	0	40	95
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,100	2,000	70	0	40	65
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,180	1,145	25	10	0	25
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,195	3,130	65	0	0	65
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	580	570	15	0	0	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,885	1,850	35	0	0	30
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	730	710	15	0	0	15
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	785	770	0	0	15	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	95	95	0	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	225	215	0	0	15	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	465	465	0	0	0	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,775	1,730	25	0	15	25
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	305	305	0	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	485	465	10	0	0	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	515	505	10	0	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	470	450	15	0	0	15
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	48,270	47,120	855	115	190	905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	475	460	0	0	15	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	450	425	0	0	15	0
113 Forestry and logging	15	15	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	15	15	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	85	0	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	15	15	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	40	40	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	30	25	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	330	315	20	0	0	15
221 Utilities	335	315	20	0	0	15
23 Construction	2,895	2,755	100	0	40	100
236 Construction of buildings	730	690	30	0	15	30
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	485	465	15	0	0	15
238 Specialty trade contractors	1,685	1,600	50	0	30	50
31-33 Manufacturing	3,565	3,490	65	0	0	65
311 Food manufacturing	500	480	20	0	0	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	155	150	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	0	0	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	15	15	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	25	25	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	30	35	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	90	75	15	0	0	15
323 Printing and related support activities	95	100	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	25	20	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	235	235	0	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	100	95	10	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	125	130	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	335	325	0	0	10	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	340	340	0	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	310	305	10	0	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	60	60	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	825	810	10	10	0	15
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	120	120	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	160	155	10	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,260	1,235	20	0	0	25
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	40	35	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	20	25	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	220	210	10	0	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	105	105	0	10	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	85	80	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	205	200	0	0	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	275	275	0	0	0	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	270	270	10	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	40	40	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	5,750	5,670	65	10	10	65
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	570	555	10	0	0	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	165	160	0	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	120	115	10	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	345	340	0	0	0	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,310	1,300	10	0	0	10
446 Health and personal care stores	555	550	10	0	0	10
447 Gasoline stations	150	150	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	765	760	10	0	0	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	245	240	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	695	685	10	10	0	10
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	690	685	10	0	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	130	135	0	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,955	1,905	35	10	0	40
481 Air transportation	50	50	0	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	40	40	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	40	35	0	10	0	0
484 Truck transportation	585	575	10	0	0	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	490	475	10	0	0	15
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	110	105	0	0	0	10
488 Support activities for transportation	265	265	0	0	0	0
491 Postal service	170	160	10	0	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	125	120	0	10	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	85	85	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	485	475	10	0	0	10
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	100	95	10	0	0	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	115	115	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	30	30	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	145	140	10	0	0	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	15	20	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	80	85	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	980	950	30	0	0	30
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	595	575	20	0	0	15
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	100	105	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	285	280	10	0	0	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	640	615	10	10	0	10
531 Real estate	570	555	10	10	10	10
532 Rental and leasing services	60	60	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,980	1,960	20	0	0	25
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,980	1,955	25	0	0	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	25	25	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,460	2,370	70	0	20	70
561 Administrative and support services	2,320	2,240	75	0	15	75
562 Waste management and remediation services	145	135	0	0	10	0
61 Educational services	2,815	2,710	85	15	10	95
611 Educational services	2,820	2,710	85	15	10	95
62 Health care and social assistance	4,590	4,535	55	0	0	55
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,460	1,440	20	0	0	20
622 Hospitals	1,215	1,195	20	0	0	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,125	1,105	15	0	0	15
624 Social assistance	790	795	0	0	0	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,965	3,900	50	10	10	50
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	250	250	0	0	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	605	595	10	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,110	3,060	35	10	0	40
72 Accommodation and food services	9,760	9,500	125	70	65	160
721 Accommodation services	3,655	3,550	45	25	30	60
722 Food services and drinking places	6,110	5,950	75	40	35	100
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,880	1,830	50	0	0	50
811 Repair and maintenance	565	550	15	0	0	10
812 Personal and laundry services	730	705	20	0	0	20
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	470	460	15	0	0	15
814 Private households	120	115	0	0	0	0
91 Public administration	2,375	2,325	45	0	0	45
911 Federal government public administration	690	670	25	0	0	20
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	305	290	15	0	0	15
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,380	1,370	10	0	0	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	41,625	40,645	735	80	160	775
Worked at home	1,900	1,860	25	0	10	30
Worked outside Canada	325	320	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	4,315	4,160	130	0	25	130
Worked at usual place	35,075	34,300	575	80	120	615
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	48,270	47,115	850	110	190	905
English	47,355	46,510	680	95	60	735
French	250	125	115	10	0	120
Non-official language	285	145	0	0	130	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	285	145	10	0	130	10
English and French	145	95	45	0	0	45
English and non-official language	240	240	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	48,270	47,115	850	110	190	910
None	46,465	45,685	580	75	130	610
English	295	180	70	10	40	70
French	625	390	210	20	0	220
Non-official language	845	820	0	10	20	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	845	820	0	0	15	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	40	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	35,075	34,305	575	80	120	615
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,070	21,635	315	50	70	335
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,735	10,450	220	20	40	235
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,220	2,160	45	10	0	40
Commute to a different province or territory	50	50	0	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	39,390	38,460	705	80	145	740
Car, truck, van - as a driver	32,180	31,520	530	40	95	550
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,265	3,150	65	15	35	70
Public transit	1,070	1,010	35	25	10	50
Walked	2,045	1,995	40	10	0	40
Bicycle	390	375	10	0	0	10
Other method	445	415	25	0	0	25
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	39,390	38,460	705	80	145	740
Less than 15 minutes	16,860	16,545	250	15	50	260
15 to 29 minutes	16,065	15,660	300	55	50	325
30 to 44 minutes	3,525	3,400	90	0	40	85
45 to 59 minutes	1,125	1,095	10	15	10	20
60 minutes and over	1,815	1,765	50	0	0	50
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	39,395	38,460	705	80	145	745
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,410	2,320	90	0	10	85
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,080	5,930	130	10	20	130
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,935	7,715	145	30	45	160
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,465	8,290	155	10	10	160
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,150	5,035	70	20	35	75
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,350	9,180	120	15	30	130
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	85,225	82,360	1,690	260	910	1,820
Non-movers	73,995	71,535	1,500	180	775	1,590
Movers	11,235	10,830	185	80	135	230
Non-migrants	6,360	6,095	120	35	100	140
Migrants	4,870	4,730	65	45	35	90
Internal migrants	4,410	4,275	65	45	25	85
Intraprovincial migrants	3,990	3,890	40	40	25	55
Interprovincial migrants	415	385	30	10	0	30
External migrants	465	455	0	0	10	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	81,840	79,055	1,670	255	865	1,790
Non-movers	52,780	51,090	1,060	105	525	1,110
Movers	29,065	27,970	610	145	340	680
Non-migrants	16,535	15,995	345	65	135	375
Migrants	12,530	11,975	265	85	205	305
Internal migrants	10,625	10,265	255	50	65	280
Intraprovincial migrants	9,715	9,430	195	35	55	215
Interprovincial migrants	910	835	60	10	10	65
External migrants	1,905	1,715	10	40	140	25

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Niagara Falls, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.