Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in London, CY
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	378,040	365,140	4,860	2,080	5,965	5,900
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	378,040	365,140	4,860	2,075	5,960	5,895
0 to 14 years	61,730	59,000	620	695	1,415	965
0 to 4 years	20,295	19,150	95	130	915	160
5 to 9 years	21,315	20,515	265	240	300	385
10 to 14 years	20,115	19,335	260	325	195	420
15 to 64 years	256,540	249,680	3,170	1,250	2,445	3,790
15 to 19 years	22,470	21,845	225	285	110	370
20 to 24 years	30,165	29,645	210	165	145	290
25 to 29 years	28,410	27,880	240	110	180	300
30 to 34 years	25,970	25,415	240	100	220	290
35 to 39 years	23,630	22,935	360	135	210	420
40 to 44 years	22,945	22,270	365	90	220	410
45 to 49 years	24,450	23,725	360	115	250	415
50 to 54 years	28,325	27,495	375	110	345	430
55 to 59 years	26,965	26,040	435	75	410	475
60 to 64 years	23,220	22,435	355	70	360	390
65 years and over	59,775	56,465	1,075	135	2,100	1,140
65 to 69 years	20,505	19,570	335	60	535	365
70 to 74 years	14,320	13,560	315	10	435	320
75 to 79 years	10,715	10,010	205	25	470	220
80 to 84 years	7,705	7,200	130	20	355	140
85 years and over	6,525	6,120	85	15	305	95
85 to 89 years	4,460	4,215	60	10	185	60
90 to 94 years	1,785	1,645	25	15	105	35
95 to 99 years	235	225	0	0	10	0
100 years and over	40	35	0	0	10	0
Average age	40.0	39.9	45.5	28.8	46.6	not applicable ...
Median age	39.3	39.1	47.2	21.8	53.5	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	316,310	306,140	4,240	1,385	4,545	4,935
Married or living common law	170,930	164,810	2,585	700	2,845	2,930
Married	141,115	135,615	2,085	630	2,785	2,400
Living common law	29,820	29,195	495	70	55	530
Not married and not living common law	145,385	141,330	1,660	685	1,700	2,000
Never married	97,145	95,335	830	580	395	1,125
Separated	11,030	10,695	170	30	135	190
Divorced	21,375	20,690	395	55	235	425
Widowed	15,830	14,615	260	20	930	270
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	316,310	306,140	4,245	1,380	4,545	4,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	302,850	293,410	4,090	1,205	4,145	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,663	44,044	45,625	33,530	17,651	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,538	32,965	38,146	21,086	15,257	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	302,920	293,475	4,090	1,210	4,145	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,680	36,967	38,545	29,077	16,786	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,782	30,123	34,516	20,668	15,232	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	266,340	259,775	3,595	1,010	1,960	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,227	43,446	43,987	34,361	17,437	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,659	31,886	35,784	18,792	10,560	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	226,855	218,990	3,140	910	3,815	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,539	7,475	9,110	6,433	10,220	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,873	4,732	8,389	1,886	11,288	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	218,330	213,580	2,845	805	1,095	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,102	42,206	43,307	37,224	22,336	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,027	32,156	35,231	22,153	17,974	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	87.1	87.3	84.7	85.5	46.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	69.5	69.8	65.9	73.4	33.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	12.9	12.7	15.3	14.5	53.3	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	316,310	306,140	4,240	1,380	4,545	4,935
Without total income	13,465	12,730	150	175	400	235
With total income	302,850	293,410	4,095	1,205	4,145	4,695
Percentage with total income	95.7	95.8	96.6	87.3	91.2	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45,500	43,480	445	355	1,220	620
$10,000 to $19,999	54,090	51,550	635	220	1,680	745
$20,000 to $29,999	42,695	41,250	580	190	680	675
$30,000 to $39,999	34,880	34,090	475	80	245	510
$40,000 to $49,999	32,265	31,445	570	85	160	615
$50,000 to $59,999	23,925	23,390	370	105	55	420
$60,000 to $69,999	18,000	17,690	235	30	50	250
$70,000 to $79,999	12,710	12,460	190	40	20	210
$80,000 to $89,999	9,675	9,545	115	15	0	125
$90,000 to $99,999	8,850	8,620	195	15	15	205
$100,000 and over	20,260	19,880	285	75	20	325
$100,000 to $149,999	13,760	13,495	200	50	20	225
$150,000 and over	6,500	6,390	85	25	0	95
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	316,310	306,145	4,240	1,380	4,545	4,935
Without after-tax income	13,390	12,665	150	175	405	240
With after-tax income	302,915	293,475	4,090	1,205	4,145	4,695
Percentage with after-tax income	95.8	95.9	96.5	87.3	91.2	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	46,745	44,695	470	355	1,225	650
$10,000 to $19,999	56,230	53,630	670	230	1,690	785
$20,000 to $29,999	49,485	47,885	690	200	715	790
$30,000 to $39,999	42,150	41,130	605	110	295	670
$40,000 to $49,999	35,785	35,000	570	115	90	630
$50,000 to $59,999	23,625	23,185	330	50	60	355
$60,000 to $69,999	16,055	15,765	225	45	20	245
$70,000 to $79,999	12,295	12,005	245	30	20	260
$80,000 and over	20,535	20,175	270	70	10	310
$80,000 to $89,999	6,795	6,640	125	25	0	140
$90,000 to $99,999	4,145	4,090	35	10	10	40
$100,000 and over	9,600	9,450	115	35	0	130
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	316,310	306,145	4,240	1,385	4,545	4,930
Without employment income	97,985	92,560	1,395	580	3,450	1,690
With employment income	218,325	213,585	2,840	805	1,100	3,245
Percentage with employment income	69.0	69.8	67.0	58.1	24.2	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	31,850	31,035	445	150	220	520
$5,000 to $9,999	18,195	17,745	215	100	130	265
$10,000 to $19,999	29,920	29,240	305	130	250	365
$20,000 to $29,999	24,335	23,805	285	75	165	320
$30,000 to $39,999	22,545	22,055	295	70	120	330
$40,000 to $49,999	22,485	21,975	330	55	125	355
$50,000 to $59,999	16,740	16,395	240	65	40	275
$60,000 to $69,999	12,800	12,630	130	30	15	140
$70,000 to $79,999	9,475	9,275	160	25	15	170
$80,000 and over	30,000	29,435	445	105	20	495
$80,000 to $89,999	7,480	7,350	100	25	10	115
$90,000 to $99,999	7,620	7,455	150	0	10	150
$100,000 and over	14,900	14,630	195	70	0	235
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	316,310	306,140	4,240	1,380	4,550	4,935
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	103,075	101,200	1,325	275	270	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	51,181	51,201	54,619	54,673	34,080	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	60,918	60,956	61,686	69,806	34,001	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	378,040	365,140	4,855	2,080	5,960	5,895
English only	344,130	344,130	0	0	0	0
French only	305	0	300	0	0	300
English and French	27,520	20,890	4,550	2,080	0	5,590
Neither English nor French	6,085	120	0	0	5,965	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	378,040	365,140	4,860	2,075	5,960	5,900
English	321,705	318,940	2,760	0	0	2,765
French	1,660	55	1,610	0	0	1,610
Non-official language	38,205	30,460	150	1,630	5,960	970
Aboriginal	20	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	38,185	30,440	150	1,630	5,960	965
English and French	730	325	200	205	0	295
English and non-official language	15,170	15,160	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	95	0	100	0	0	95
English, French and non-official language	475	205	35	240	0	155
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	378,040	365,145	4,855	2,080	5,960	5,900
None	330,700	321,770	2,505	1,010	5,415	3,010
English	16,915	14,935	855	785	345	1,250
French	4,265	3,040	1,170	45	10	1,195
Non-official language	25,155	24,670	235	50	195	260
Aboriginal	170	170	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	24,990	24,500	230	55	200	255
English and French	200	15	15	170	0	100
English and non-official language	355	305	40	0	0	45
French and non-official language	435	400	35	0	0	30
English, French and non-official language	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	378,040	365,145	4,860	2,075	5,960	5,895
English	288,370	288,360	10	0	0	10
French	4,685	355	4,325	0	0	4,330
Non-official language	77,700	69,700	240	1,795	5,965	1,135
Aboriginal	75	70	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	77,625	69,630	235	1,795	5,960	1,130
English and French	950	720	50	180	0	140
English and non-official language	5,815	5,810	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	265	45	215	0	0	220
English, French and non-official language	265	145	15	110	0	65
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	378,040	365,140	4,860	2,075	5,960	5,895
Official languages	371,950	365,025	4,855	2,080	0	5,895
English	371,650	365,020	4,550	2,080	0	5,585
French	27,825	20,890	4,850	2,080	0	5,890
Non-official languages	97,285	88,385	1,015	1,920	5,960	1,975
Aboriginal languages	295	290	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	96,995	88,105	1,010	1,920	5,965	1,965
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	378,040	365,140	4,855	2,075	5,960	5,895
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	9,720	9,435	275	0	10	275
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	9,395	9,115	265	0	10	265
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	7,065	7,000	65	10	0	65
Métis	2,250	2,045	195	0	10	200
Inuk (Inuit)	80	75	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	65	60	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	260	260	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	368,320	355,705	4,585	2,075	5,955	5,620
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	378,040	365,140	4,855	2,075	5,960	5,895
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	4,690	4,635	50	0	0	50
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	373,350	360,510	4,805	2,080	5,965	5,845
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	378,040	365,145	4,860	2,075	5,960	5,895
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	2,605	2,570	40	0	0	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	2,595	2,550	40	0	0	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	2,340	2,325	15	0	0	15
Métis single ancestry	225	195	20	0	0	25
Inuit single ancestry	30	30	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	10	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	11,510	11,050	440	15	10	445
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	11,390	10,945	430	15	10	440
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,905	8,665	235	10	0	235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,355	2,145	195	10	0	200
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	130	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	120	110	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	85	0	0	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	363,920	351,525	4,380	2,065	5,955	5,410
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	378,040	365,140	4,855	2,075	5,960	5,895
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	351,680	342,510	4,405	1,610	3,145	5,215
Canadian citizens only	334,215	326,175	4,175	1,195	2,665	4,780
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	17,470	16,335	230	415	485	435
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	26,360	22,630	450	465	2,815	685
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	378,040	365,145	4,855	2,080	5,965	5,895
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	286,305	281,115	3,795	730	660	4,165
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	83,770	76,675	975	1,235	4,880	1,595
Before 1981	26,555	25,590	230	95	635	280
1981 to 1990	11,660	10,805	75	125	650	135
1991 to 2000	14,625	13,605	105	225	685	220
2001 to 2010	19,335	17,595	245	490	1,010	490
2001 to 2005	9,065	8,280	115	200	475	210
2006 to 2010	10,270	9,320	125	290	535	275
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	11,595	9,085	320	305	1,890	470
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	7,970	7,355	85	110	425	135
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	83,770	76,680	980	1,235	4,880	1,595
Under 5 years	10,260	9,660	110	180	310	205
5 to 14 years	17,280	16,410	190	305	375	345
15 to 24 years	17,725	16,885	160	160	515	240
25 to 44 years	32,605	29,760	450	535	1,860	720
45 years and over	5,900	3,965	65	60	1,810	95
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	83,765	76,680	975	1,235	4,875	1,595
Americas	14,375	13,415	150	360	450	325
Brazil	320	305	0	15	0	15
Colombia	3,345	2,905	20	165	255	100
El Salvador	1,610	1,470	10	35	100	25
Guyana	490	490	0	0	0	0
Haiti	105	30	65	0	10	65
Jamaica	1,110	1,110	0	0	0	0
Mexico	570	525	0	45	0	20
Peru	145	135	0	0	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	605	605	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 47}	3,585	3,505	40	45	0	60
Other places of birth in Americas	2,480	2,335	0	65	80	40
Europe	33,135	31,415	275	290	1,160	420
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,125	1,050	0	0	70	0
Croatia	835	815	0	0	25	0
France	270	95	160	0	0	165
Germany	1,965	1,905	15	35	0	40
Greece	1,110	1,030	0	10	70	0
Hungary	800	765	0	10	20	10
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	535	535	0	0	0	0
Italy	2,125	2,020	10	10	85	15
Netherlands	1,875	1,865	0	15	0	0
Poland	4,250	4,030	0	10	200	10
Portugal	3,365	2,825	20	30	490	35
Romania	925	845	15	40	30	30
Russian Federation	505	460	0	30	20	15
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	505	480	0	20	0	10
Ukraine	610	570	10	0	40	10
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	8,840	8,840	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,485	3,270	45	70	100	80
Africa	5,245	4,625	430	115	70	490
Algeria	90	20	50	20	0	60
Egypt	1,070	1,015	10	35	10	30
Ethiopia	310	310	0	0	0	0
Kenya	280	275	0	0	0	0
Morocco	30	25	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	305	305	0	0	0	0
Somalia	225	200	0	0	20	10
South Africa, Republic of	445	450	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,480	2,025	365	50	40	390
Asia	30,710	26,940	125	455	3,195	350
Afghanistan	605	510	10	15	75	10
Bangladesh	325	315	0	10	0	0
China^{Footnote 51}	3,800	3,210	0	60	535	25
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	655	620	0	0	35	0
India	3,315	3,215	10	15	80	10
Iran^{Footnote 53}	1,135	1,085	0	20	30	10
Iraq	2,735	2,330	15	30	365	30
Japan	190	175	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	2,065	1,885	0	25	150	15
Lebanon	1,745	1,455	70	85	130	115
Pakistan	1,535	1,485	0	10	40	0
Philippines	2,270	2,245	0	0	15	0
Sri Lanka	255	255	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 55}	2,125	1,260	10	55	795	40
Taiwan	165	155	10	0	10	0
Viet Nam	1,630	1,325	0	30	280	10
Other places of birth in Asia	6,160	5,400	20	100	645	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	300	285	0	10	0	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	11,595	9,085	320	305	1,895	470
Americas	1,885	1,645	65	70	110	95
Brazil	40	40	0	0	0	0
Colombia	600	500	15	25	55	30
Cuba	65	50	0	10	0	0
Haiti	50	15	30	0	0	35
Jamaica	120	125	0	0	0	0
Mexico	95	75	0	25	0	10
United States^{Footnote 58}	470	450	15	10	0	15
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	75	65	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	365	325	0	10	30	0
Europe	850	690	40	50	75	65
France	30	10	30	0	0	30
Germany	45	35	10	10	0	10
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	45	25	0	10	10	10
Russian Federation	70	55	0	10	10	10
Ukraine	80	60	0	0	20	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	230	230	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	330	265	0	25	40	15
Africa	1,075	810	185	45	35	210
Algeria	15	0	0	10	0	10
Cameroon	65	15	45	0	0	45
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	20	50	0	0	45
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	15	0	0	15
Egypt	295	270	0	15	10	10
Eritrea	65	70	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	70	75	0	0	0	0
Somalia	35	25	0	0	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	45	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	10	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	360	265	70	10	10	75
Asia	7,740	5,900	35	135	1,675	100
Afghanistan	125	105	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	95	95	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 63}	935	720	0	20	200	10
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	0	10	0	0	0	0
India	1,005	990	0	0	10	0
Iran^{Footnote 65}	260	240	0	10	10	0
Iraq	915	700	10	0	205	0
Israel	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japan	50	45	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	390	380	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	195	125	10	20	40	20
Nepal	250	130	0	15	100	15
Pakistan	265	260	0	0	0	0
Philippines	540	535	0	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	170	160	0	15	0	10
Sri Lanka	45	45	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 67}	1,235	460	10	15	750	20
Taiwan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Turkey	75	60	0	0	15	0
United Arab Emirates	170	170	0	0	0	10
Viet Nam	70	55	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	915	580	0	30	305	15
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	40	40	0	0	0	0
Australia	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	378,040	365,140	4,855	2,080	5,960	5,895
First generation^{Footnote 71}	93,920	86,145	1,105	1,360	5,310	1,785
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	80,385	78,695	505	580	595	800
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	203,735	200,300	3,250	135	60	3,315
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	58,070	51,905	745	1,140	4,280	1,315
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	24,000	22,460	315	605	615	620
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	8,210	7,640	130	225	210	240
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	15,790	14,820	185	385	405	375
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	13,955	12,415	125	150	1,265	200
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	19,585	16,555	300	375	2,355	485
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	530	475	0	20	45	10
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	378,040	365,140	4,860	2,080	5,960	5,895
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	75,130	68,565	900	1,185	4,475	1,490
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	11,660	10,890	30	125	615	90
Chinese	10,435	9,560	25	85	770	65
Black	11,325	10,585	650	40	45	665
Filipino	3,510	3,475	0	25	15	15
Latin American	9,045	8,005	40	475	535	275
Arab	13,650	11,755	130	285	1,485	275
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	4,410	3,970	15	35	390	35
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	3,250	2,975	15	35	225	25
Korean	3,250	2,960	0	60	235	30
Japanese	635	600	0	10	25	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	1,695	1,620	0	0	70	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	2,260	2,175	0	15	65	10
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	302,915	296,575	3,960	890	1,485	4,405
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	378,040	365,140	4,860	2,075	5,965	5,895
North American Aboriginal origins	14,115	13,615	475	15	0	485
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,375	11,110	255	10	10	260
Inuit	185	180	10	0	0	0
Métis	2,690	2,450	225	10	10	230
Other North American origins	100,925	98,645	2,090	105	85	2,145
Acadian	425	330	80	10	0	85
American	4,705	4,665	30	0	10	35
Canadian	97,555	95,355	2,020	105	75	2,075
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	260	265	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Québécois	70	45	25	0	0	25
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	264,740	259,360	3,120	825	1,440	3,530
British Isles origins	179,555	178,660	725	125	50	785
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	25	25	0	0	0	0
English	107,375	106,975	275	85	40	315
Irish	75,010	74,565	415	15	15	425
Manx	110	110	0	0	0	0
Scottish	79,050	78,815	190	35	10	205
Welsh	7,385	7,360	25	0	0	30
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	12,865	12,830	20	10	0	25
French origins	36,150	33,335	2,625	170	30	2,710
Alsatian	45	35	10	0	0	10
Breton	0	0	10	0	0	0
Corsican	10	0	0	0	0	0
French	36,115	33,295	2,620	170	30	2,705
Western European origins (except French origins)	68,980	68,445	360	140	35	435
Austrian	1,990	1,945	20	25	0	30
Bavarian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Belgian	3,310	3,195	95	10	10	100
Dutch	23,705	23,620	45	40	0	65
Flemish	275	275	10	0	0	0
Frisian	65	60	0	0	0	0
German	43,700	43,365	215	95	25	260
Luxembourger	15	10	0	0	0	10
Swiss	1,485	1,455	25	10	0	25
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	30	30	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,030	7,975	30	15	10	35
Danish	2,210	2,200	10	0	0	10
Finnish	1,380	1,370	10	0	0	15
Icelandic	305	305	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,945	1,930	0	10	0	0
Swedish	2,115	2,095	0	10	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	610	605	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	39,760	38,900	155	295	410	305
Bulgarian	305	280	15	10	0	20
Byelorussian	500	450	0	30	20	20
Czech	1,520	1,495	10	0	15	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	435	435	0	0	0	0
Estonian	275	265	0	0	0	10
Hungarian	6,140	6,080	20	20	25	30
Latvian	395	390	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	1,000	985	10	0	10	15
Moldovan	20	20	0	0	10	0
Polish	16,805	16,445	50	85	220	95
Romanian	2,545	2,440	20	60	25	55
Russian	4,575	4,425	10	65	80	45
Slovak	1,390	1,380	10	10	0	10
Ukrainian	10,055	9,905	40	30	80	55
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	120	120	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	45,745	44,100	300	355	995	480
Albanian	1,190	1,105	0	10	75	10
Bosnian	1,100	1,060	10	15	30	0
Catalan	20	10	10	10	0	10
Croatian	2,350	2,310	0	0	35	10
Cypriot	125	130	0	0	0	0
Greek	4,820	4,685	20	25	85	35
Italian	18,950	18,600	145	90	115	195
Kosovar	195	180	0	0	10	0
Macedonian	430	420	10	0	0	0
Maltese	1,445	1,440	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	75	70	10	0	0	10
Portuguese	9,920	9,290	65	60	495	100
Serbian	1,825	1,730	0	50	35	35
Sicilian	110	105	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	815	810	0	0	0	0
Spanish	4,765	4,465	55	135	120	120
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	910	890	0	0	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	45	45	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,915	1,890	15	0	15	15
Basque	40	35	10	0	0	0
Jewish	1,045	1,025	10	0	10	10
Roma (Gypsy)	45	45	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	80	80	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	715	705	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	6,780	6,590	125	35	25	145
Antiguan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	145	145	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	600	595	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	55	60	0	0	0	0
Carib	20	15	0	0	0	0
Cuban	370	335	0	15	15	10
Dominican	160	160	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	175	175	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Haitian	210	110	90	10	10	95
Jamaican	3,620	3,600	0	10	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	20	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	940	930	10	0	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	55	55	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	480	475	0	10	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	235	220	15	0	0	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,355	10,255	55	535	505	325
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	320	290	0	10	15	10
Arawak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	170	165	0	0	0	0
Belizean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	335	315	0	15	10	10
Chilean	330	300	0	25	0	15
Colombian	4,200	3,560	25	295	320	175
Costa Rican	50	55	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	70	65	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	335	295	10	30	10	20
Guyanese	825	830	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	300	285	0	10	10	0
Honduran	190	165	0	10	15	10
Maya	110	105	0	10	0	10
Mexican	1,170	1,075	0	80	20	45
Nicaraguan	520	480	0	10	25	0
Panamanian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	230	210	15	0	0	15
Salvadorean	1,945	1,825	0	35	85	20
Uruguayan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	290	255	0	10	25	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	445	425	0	15	0	10
African origins	10,115	9,270	605	125	115	670
Central and West African origins	1,470	1,205	255	0	10	260
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	50	35	10	0	0	15
Ashanti	25	30	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	105	20	80	0	0	85
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	215	85	120	0	0	120
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	340	340	0	0	0	0
Guinean	15	0	15	0	0	0
Ibo	35	30	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	0	20	0	0	20
Liberian	105	85	15	0	0	15
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	20	15	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	435	430	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	105	105	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	75	65	10	0	0	0
North African origins	3,170	2,930	65	100	75	120
Algerian	95	45	35	10	0	35
Berber	30	10	15	0	0	15
Coptic	50	40	0	10	0	10
Dinka	80	80	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,695	1,595	10	55	35	40
Libyan	255	235	10	0	10	10
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	90	75	0	0	15	0
Sudanese	810	785	0	0	20	10
Tunisian	80	50	10	15	10	20
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	75	65	0	10	0	10
Southern and East African origins	3,145	2,950	155	0	35	155
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	25	30	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	45	25	25	0	0	25
Burundian	70	20	55	0	0	55
Djiboutian	50	50	10	0	0	10
Eritrean	570	545	15	0	10	15
Ethiopian	620	620	0	0	0	0
Harari	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	125	125	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	20	10	0	0	10
Oromo	25	25	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	90	65	20	0	0	20
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	600	555	20	0	25	20
South African	540	545	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	110	110	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	95	95	0	0	0	0
Zulu	15	15	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	250	245	0	0	0	10
Other African origins	2,490	2,305	160	20	10	165
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	385	370	10	0	10	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	2,115	1,940	155	15	0	160
Asian origins	56,225	51,315	275	670	3,955	615
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	20,605	18,210	170	340	1,880	340
Afghan	895	785	0	10	100	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	2,640	2,240	35	45	320	55
Armenian	295	260	10	0	20	15
Assyrian	1,080	955	10	10	115	10
Azerbaijani	70	70	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,795	1,725	10	20	45	15
Iraqi	2,510	2,160	0	15	330	15
Israeli	155	155	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	625	585	0	25	15	10
Kazakh	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kurd	990	895	0	45	50	20
Kuwaiti	20	20	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	4,740	4,470	95	85	90	135
Palestinian	2,345	2,255	0	35	55	15
Pashtun	30	30	0	10	0	10
Saudi Arabian	310	275	0	0	30	0
Syrian	2,250	1,445	15	50	740	35
Tajik	40	35	0	0	0	0
Tatar	25	15	0	0	0	10
Turk	1,020	955	0	15	50	10
Turkmen	50	50	0	0	0	0
Uighur	55	45	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	40	40	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	75	80	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	975	905	0	20	50	15
South Asian origins	12,000	11,250	25	140	585	95
Bangladeshi	275	270	0	0	10	0
Bengali	220	215	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	515	245	0	60	215	30
East Indian	8,190	7,955	25	50	160	45
Goan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	20	20	0	0	0	0
Nepali	415	225	0	15	170	10
Pakistani	1,765	1,690	0	20	55	10
Punjabi	300	280	0	10	10	0
Sinhalese	100	100	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	340	340	0	0	0	0
Tamil	120	110	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	595	575	0	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	24,090	22,335	70	195	1,490	170
Burmese	185	175	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,470	1,330	10	0	130	0
Chinese	12,040	11,080	50	90	825	90
Filipino	4,025	4,000	0	10	15	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	245	240	0	0	0	0
Japanese	800	765	10	10	25	10
Karen	105	100	0	0	10	0
Korean	3,310	3,015	0	60	240	30
Laotian	260	250	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	85	60	0	0	25	0
Singaporean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	115	110	0	0	0	0
Thai	195	190	0	10	0	0
Tibetan	15	20	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,755	2,430	10	35	275	30
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	65	65	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	235	215	0	0	15	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	235	215	0	0	20	0
Oceania origins	600	590	10	0	0	10
Australian	355	355	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	155	155	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	90	80	10	0	0	10
Fijian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	25	25	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	30	20	10	0	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	316,315	306,140	4,245	1,385	4,545	4,930
No certificate, diploma or degree	51,850	48,065	625	285	2,870	765
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	88,540	86,325	1,060	300	855	1,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	175,920	171,750	2,560	795	820	2,955
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,685	17,220	280	35	145	300
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	9,085	8,790	185	30	75	205
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	8,600	8,430	95	0	70	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	72,540	71,130	975	135	300	1,040
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,520	5,270	95	45	105	120
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	80,180	78,125	1,200	575	270	1,490
Bachelor's degree	50,415	49,410	655	220	135	765
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,500	5,285	85	60	65	115
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,490	3,400	45	30	20	60
Master's degree	15,920	15,410	320	160	35	400
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	4,845	4,615	100	105	25	155
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	316,315	306,140	4,245	1,380	4,545	4,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	140,390	134,395	1,685	590	3,725	1,980
Education	10,075	9,690	240	65	80	270
13. Education	10,075	9,690	240	65	80	275
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,195	7,050	70	20	50	80
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,375	1,375	10	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	5,815	5,675	65	20	50	80
Humanities	11,680	11,340	200	90	50	245
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	885	800	20	50	10	45
23. English language and literature/letters	3,355	3,325	10	0	15	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,405	2,355	50	0	0	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	95	95	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,000	960	25	10	10	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,110	1,080	20	0	10	20
54. History	2,085	2,060	10	10	10	15
55. French language and literature/letters	745	660	70	15	0	80
Social and behavioural sciences and law	24,795	24,270	305	140	80	370
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	240	210	20	10	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,660	1,620	20	10	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,840	4,745	45	25	25	60
22. Legal professions and studies	3,635	3,555	60	0	15	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	430	400	20	10	0	20
42. Psychology	4,135	4,060	45	15	10	55
45. Social sciences	9,865	9,675	90	70	30	130
Business, management and public administration	33,125	32,275	610	120	120	670
30.16 Accounting and computer science	100	90	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,660	3,610	35	0	10	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	29,370	28,575	565	115	110	625
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,715	7,540	90	45	30	120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,800	3,710	50	25	10	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,330	1,320	10	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	110	100	10	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	2,105	2,050	20	25	10	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	355	355	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,715	7,580	75	35	20	100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,635	5,545	60	25	10	75
25. Library science	840	825	0	10	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,160	1,130	15	0	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	80	80	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	29,660	28,900	425	130	205	490
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	1,190	0	15	10	10
14. Engineering	6,995	6,740	100	95	55	145
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,790	6,655	85	10	40	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,435	5,335	60	0	45	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,645	5,515	105	0	30	105
48. Precision production	3,575	3,465	75	10	20	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,445	2,360	30	30	25	45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,670	1,620	0	25	20	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	775	740	25	0	0	30
Health and related fields	31,835	31,285	355	90	105	400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,840	2,805	20	10	0	25
51. Health professions and related programs	27,715	27,235	305	70	110	340
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,275	1,235	30	10	0	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,660	9,440	150	20	45	160
12. Personal and culinary services	5,545	5,395	100	15	30	110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	50	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	2,740	2,700	40	0	0	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,290	1,260	10	0	15	10
Other	30	25	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	316,315	306,140	4,245	1,385	4,550	4,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	140,390	134,390	1,685	590	3,725	1,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	175,920	171,750	2,560	790	820	2,955
Location of study inside Canada	148,725	146,070	2,200	385	55	2,395
Same as province or territory of residence	140,325	138,215	1,720	340	50	1,895
Different than province or territory of residence	8,400	7,860	480	50	0	505
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	27,200	25,675	355	405	765	560
United States^{Footnote 130}	4,505	4,425	40	25	10	60
Philippines	1,095	1,100	0	0	0	0
India	2,225	2,220	0	0	0	10
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	2,875	2,860	10	10	0	10
China^{Footnote 132}	1,670	1,445	0	10	210	0
France	160	40	110	10	0	110
Other	14,670	13,585	195	350	545	370
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	316,310	306,140	4,240	1,385	4,545	not applicable ...
In the labour force	199,840	195,705	2,530	805	795	not applicable ...
Employed	184,020	180,280	2,315	725	700	not applicable ...
Unemployed	15,815	15,420	215	80	100	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	116,475	110,440	1,710	575	3,745	not applicable ...
Participation rate	63.2	63.9	59.7	58.1	17.5	not applicable ...
Employment rate	58.2	58.9	54.6	52.3	15.4	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.9	8.5	9.9	12.6	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	316,310	306,140	4,240	1,380	4,545	4,935
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	111,135	105,270	1,610	560	3,690	1,890
Worked	205,175	200,870	2,630	825	855	3,045
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	105,280	103,340	1,345	305	280	1,500
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	99,900	97,530	1,280	520	570	1,545
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	42.9	42.3	38.9	39.1	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	211,985	207,465	2,705	910	910	3,160
a.Management	19,505	19,100	290	50	65	310
00 Senior management occupations	1,765	1,730	35	0	0	35
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	6,875	6,720	125	30	10	145
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	7,410	7,290	85	0	35	85
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	3,445	3,365	50	10	25	55
b.Professional	43,805	42,745	720	310	40	875
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	6,410	6,285	100	25	0	115
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	7,400	7,230	90	70	10	120
30 Professional occupations in nursing	4,355	4,315	35	0	0	40
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	5,130	5,040	60	25	10	75
40 Professional occupations in education services	12,385	11,930	305	140	0	375
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	5,965	5,840	80	30	10	100
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	2,160	2,105	35	20	10	45
c.Technical and paraprofessional	20,835	20,435	290	85	20	335
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	5,340	5,255	55	30	10	65
32 Technical occupations in health	4,235	4,175	45	0	10	45
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	5,380	5,270	70	35	10	85
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,335	1,285	45	0	0	45
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,555	4,445	80	20	10	90
d.Administration and administrative support	24,975	24,515	350	85	30	390
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	10,020	9,850	140	35	10	155
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,045	2,000	45	0	0	50
14 Office support occupations	8,975	8,790	135	50	10	155
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	3,935	3,885	25	0	20	30
e.Sales	22,430	22,090	205	80	60	245
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	4,995	4,930	40	15	10	45
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	10,565	10,415	90	35	20	110
66 Sales support occupations	6,880	6,740	75	30	30	90
f.Personal and customer information services	40,705	39,635	475	210	385	580
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,025	3,990	15	20	0	25
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	3,980	3,835	80	40	20	100
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	6,800	6,610	45	20	115	55
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	11,700	11,345	235	75	45	270
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	14,200	13,850	105	45	200	130
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	12,690	12,480	125	15	70	135
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	8,515	8,370	75	15	55	80
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	4,175	4,105	50	0	15	55
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	13,015	12,810	120	35	50	135
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	3,645	3,605	30	10	0	35
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	6,870	6,750	80	20	25	90
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,495	2,450	0	0	25	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,595	2,500	25	0	70	30
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	390	385	10	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	595	535	10	0	40	15
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	1,610	1,575	0	0	35	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	11,430	11,155	110	40	120	125
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,135	1,120	10	0	10	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	2,550	2,445	30	20	55	40
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	4,560	4,500	40	15	10	45
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	3,180	3,090	30	10	50	35
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	211,985	207,465	2,710	905	915	3,155
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,265	1,170	15	10	75	20
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	1,110	1,025	15	0	65	15
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	20	10	0	0	10	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	130	125	0	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	285	285	0	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	85	85	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	65	65	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	140	135	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,025	1,005	10	10	10	10
221 Utilities	1,025	1,010	10	10	0	15
23 Construction	12,525	12,295	115	25	100	120
236 Construction of buildings	3,450	3,380	30	0	30	30
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,185	1,130	25	10	20	30
238 Specialty trade contractors	7,895	7,785	55	15	45	65
31-33 Manufacturing	20,545	20,125	185	85	140	230
311 Food manufacturing	3,235	3,120	35	15	55	40
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	535	530	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	30	25	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	60	60	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	190	180	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	15	10	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	515	505	10	0	10	0
322 Paper manufacturing	605	575	30	0	0	30
323 Printing and related support activities	555	550	0	0	0	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	55	50	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	590	585	10	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	720	710	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	510	505	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	750	740	0	0	0	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,075	2,035	10	10	30	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,390	1,350	15	10	15	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	480	460	10	0	0	15
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	305	300	10	0	0	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	5,935	5,855	40	25	15	50
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	690	675	10	0	10	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,320	1,295	0	15	10	10
41 Wholesale trade	6,585	6,485	70	20	10	80
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	420	400	0	10	0	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	85	75	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	980	980	0	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	605	600	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	630	630	10	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,165	1,150	20	0	0	20
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,720	1,690	15	10	0	20
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	750	745	10	10	0	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	230	220	10	0	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	25,335	24,910	265	55	100	295
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,780	2,755	15	0	0	20
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,075	1,050	20	0	0	20
443 Electronics and appliance stores	800	790	10	0	10	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,775	1,735	40	0	0	40
445 Food and beverage stores	5,805	5,680	55	10	60	60
446 Health and personal care stores	2,655	2,615	35	0	0	35
447 Gasoline stations	475	475	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	3,125	3,090	20	20	0	25
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,155	1,145	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	3,080	3,025	55	0	10	50
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	1,855	1,815	30	10	0	30
454 Non-store retailers	760	730	0	10	20	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	8,260	8,135	85	20	20	95
481 Air transportation	255	250	0	10	0	0
482 Rail transportation	295	280	10	0	10	10
483 Water transportation	35	30	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	2,535	2,495	20	15	10	25
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,180	2,135	45	0	0	45
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	670	660	0	0	10	0
491 Postal service	895	890	0	0	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	805	800	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	590	585	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,930	3,860	55	10	10	60
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	950	930	15	0	10	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	550	550	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	310	305	10	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	1,255	1,225	30	10	0	30
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	110	115	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	755	740	15	0	10	15
52 Finance and insurance	12,035	11,720	270	45	10	290
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,190	5,065	100	25	0	110
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,350	1,330	25	0	0	30
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	5,465	5,300	140	15	0	150
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	25	20	0	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,040	3,975	25	20	20	40
531 Real estate	3,465	3,410	25	15	15	35
532 Rental and leasing services	550	540	10	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	25	25	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,260	13,935	215	80	25	260
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,260	13,935	215	85	25	255
55 Management of companies and enterprises	155	150	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	160	150	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	11,290	10,990	170	50	85	190
561 Administrative and support services	10,855	10,560	165	50	85	195
562 Waste management and remediation services	430	430	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	21,640	20,890	515	225	15	630
611 Educational services	21,645	20,890	515	225	15	625
62 Health care and social assistance	29,690	29,290	255	110	35	310
621 Ambulatory health care services	9,170	9,030	85	35	15	105
622 Hospitals	10,500	10,375	80	30	10	105
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	4,500	4,465	25	10	0	25
624 Social assistance	5,530	5,415	70	25	20	85
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,945	4,880	45	10	10	50
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,530	1,505	10	10	10	15
712 Heritage institutions	200	195	0	10	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,215	3,175	30	10	0	30
72 Accommodation and food services	16,680	16,295	135	70	185	165
721 Accommodation services	1,595	1,560	20	0	0	25
722 Food services and drinking places	15,085	14,730	110	60	175	140
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,120	8,880	110	45	80	130
811 Repair and maintenance	2,335	2,295	30	10	0	35
812 Personal and laundry services	3,375	3,275	30	20	50	35
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	2,735	2,665	45	15	15	50
814 Private households	675	645	10	10	15	15
91 Public administration	8,370	8,195	150	30	0	165
911 Federal government public administration	2,845	2,735	105	10	0	105
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,820	1,780	35	0	0	35
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	3,655	3,625	15	20	0	25
914 Aboriginal public administration	25	25	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	25	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	184,020	180,280	2,315	720	700	2,675
Worked at home	11,315	11,020	190	45	65	210
Worked outside Canada	910	890	10	0	10	10
No fixed workplace address	19,295	18,980	155	60	95	190
Worked at usual place	152,500	149,395	1,960	620	530	2,265
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	211,985	207,460	2,705	905	910	3,160
English	207,425	204,275	1,985	725	440	2,350
French	1,190	590	525	75	0	560
Non-official language	1,420	960	10	15	430	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,415	965	0	20	435	15
English and French	610	365	180	60	0	210
English and non-official language	1,320	1,265	0	10	40	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	25	10	10	15	0	15
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	211,985	207,465	2,705	905	910	3,155
None	203,720	200,615	1,765	705	645	2,115
English	1,435	1,010	270	50	110	295
French	2,355	1,650	635	65	0	670
Non-official language	4,280	4,040	25	60	150	55
Aboriginal	20	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,255	4,025	25	60	145	55
English and French	10	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	15	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	160	130	0	25	0	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	152,505	149,395	1,955	620	530	2,270
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	133,610	130,845	1,760	570	440	2,040
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,580	4,485	30	15	50	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,965	13,730	150	30	45	170
Commute to a different province or territory	350	335	10	0	0	15
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	171,790	168,375	2,115	675	630	2,455
Car, truck, van - as a driver	129,435	126,935	1,585	450	465	1,805
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	12,590	12,290	120	85	95	160
Public transit	15,825	15,470	220	90	45	265
Walked	10,230	10,060	125	35	10	145
Bicycle	2,115	2,055	40	20	10	50
Other method	1,595	1,555	25	0	10	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	171,795	168,370	2,115	680	630	2,450
Less than 15 minutes	51,190	50,225	595	220	150	700
15 to 29 minutes	78,300	76,630	1,065	300	310	1,215
30 to 44 minutes	26,430	25,940	290	95	95	340
45 to 59 minutes	7,185	7,055	70	15	40	75
60 minutes and over	8,690	8,520	95	40	30	115
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	171,790	168,375	2,115	675	630	2,455
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	8,665	8,525	85	10	45	85
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	26,210	25,790	235	85	105	270
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	44,805	43,925	660	140	75	735
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	39,650	38,735	650	210	55	755
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20,595	20,130	210	70	185	245
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	31,865	31,265	280	155	165	355
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	374,005	361,435	4,860	2,035	5,675	5,875
Non-movers	314,120	304,845	3,995	1,580	3,695	4,790
Movers	59,890	56,590	860	460	1,980	1,090
Non-migrants	39,455	38,335	475	230	415	590
Migrants	20,430	18,255	385	225	1,560	495
Internal migrants	14,515	13,915	325	145	135	395
Intraprovincial migrants	11,975	11,655	215	30	70	235
Interprovincial migrants	2,540	2,255	100	115	65	165
External migrants	5,920	4,345	60	85	1,425	105
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	357,745	345,995	4,760	1,950	5,040	5,735
Non-movers	204,850	199,000	2,675	935	2,235	3,140
Movers	152,895	146,990	2,090	1,010	2,805	2,595
Non-migrants	97,455	95,265	1,010	440	735	1,230
Migrants	55,445	51,725	1,080	570	2,070	1,365
Internal migrants	37,815	36,625	780	200	210	875
Intraprovincial migrants	32,320	31,580	495	100	155	545
Interprovincial migrants	5,495	5,050	280	105	60	330
External migrants	17,625	15,100	300	370	1,860	485

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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