Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Thunder Bay, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	105,225	102,600	2,110	110	405	2,165
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	105,225	102,600	2,115	110	405	2,165
0 to 14 years	15,555	15,325	145	35	55	160
0 to 4 years	4,900	4,780	50	25	45	60
5 to 9 years	5,335	5,270	50	10	10	50
10 to 14 years	5,325	5,275	45	0	0	50
15 to 64 years	69,885	68,295	1,445	70	75	1,480
15 to 19 years	5,960	5,885	55	30	0	65
20 to 24 years	7,325	7,240	75	10	0	80
25 to 29 years	7,060	6,915	125	10	10	125
30 to 34 years	6,235	6,070	150	10	10	155
35 to 39 years	5,910	5,790	105	0	15	100
40 to 44 years	6,020	5,885	125	10	0	130
45 to 49 years	6,900	6,730	160	0	0	160
50 to 54 years	8,100	7,880	210	10	0	210
55 to 59 years	8,695	8,445	240	0	15	235
60 to 64 years	7,680	7,450	210	0	15	215
65 years and over	19,785	18,970	520	0	280	525
65 to 69 years	6,575	6,385	155	0	35	155
70 to 74 years	4,670	4,485	155	0	30	155
75 to 79 years	3,520	3,390	70	0	60	70
80 to 84 years	2,660	2,525	65	0	65	70
85 years and over	2,360	2,190	85	0	90	80
85 to 89 years	1,555	1,440	65	0	55	60
90 to 94 years	700	650	15	0	35	15
95 to 99 years	105	95	10	0	0	10
100 years and over	10	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	42.5	42.3	50.2	22.5	64.6	not applicable ...
Median age	43.9	43.5	52.9	18.4	76.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	89,665	87,275	1,965	75	355	2,005
Married or living common law	48,405	46,975	1,205	35	190	1,225
Married	38,655	37,540	900	25	190	910
Living common law	9,750	9,440	305	0	0	310
Not married and not living common law	41,260	40,295	765	35	160	785
Never married	26,275	25,860	360	35	25	375
Separated	3,265	3,190	75	0	0	75
Divorced	5,790	5,610	170	0	10	170
Widowed	5,925	5,640	155	0	130	160
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	89,665	87,275	1,970	70	355	2,005
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,950	84,585	1,950	60	345	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,638	44,636	49,301	0	20,248	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,017	36,114	39,019	0	17,914	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,955	84,595	1,950	60	345	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,757	37,756	41,302	29,582	19,574	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,651	32,709	35,155	9,825	17,914	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	77,575	75,585	1,715	55	215	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,738	42,728	47,434	0	9,926	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,360	33,399	37,277	0	5,619	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	64,840	63,035	1,430	35	340	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,726	8,662	10,255	0	14,625	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,564	7,487	9,626	0	15,029	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,875	60,475	1,320	50	35	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,300	42,142	50,501	0	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,208	34,078	44,656	0	0	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	85.4	85.5	84.9	0.0	29.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	67.4	67.5	69.3	0.0	0.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	14.6	14.5	15.3	0.0	69.1	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	89,665	87,275	1,970	75	350	2,005
Without total income	2,715	2,685	20	10	10	20
With total income	86,945	84,590	1,950	60	350	1,985
Percentage with total income	97.0	96.9	99.0	80.0	100.0	99.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,115	9,870	155	too unreliable to be published F	60	170
$10,000 to $19,999	14,360	13,925	290	too unreliable to be published F	135	295
$20,000 to $29,999	12,440	12,040	305	too unreliable to be published F	90	310
$30,000 to $39,999	10,950	10,650	250	too unreliable to be published F	55	250
$40,000 to $49,999	9,850	9,645	205	too unreliable to be published F	10	205
$50,000 to $59,999	7,960	7,775	185	too unreliable to be published F	0	185
$60,000 to $69,999	5,760	5,615	150	too unreliable to be published F	0	150
$70,000 to $79,999	3,950	3,880	70	too unreliable to be published F	0	70
$80,000 to $89,999	3,150	3,065	90	too unreliable to be published F	0	85
$90,000 to $99,999	2,755	2,680	75	too unreliable to be published F	0	75
$100,000 and over	5,650	5,450	195	too unreliable to be published F	10	195
$100,000 to $149,999	4,100	3,950	145	too unreliable to be published F	10	145
$150,000 and over	1,555	1,505	50	too unreliable to be published F	0	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	89,665	87,270	1,970	75	355	2,005
Without after-tax income	2,710	2,675	20	10	0	25
With after-tax income	86,960	84,600	1,950	65	350	1,985
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.9	99.0	86.7	98.6	99.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,460	10,210	155	too unreliable to be published F	60	175
$10,000 to $19,999	15,075	14,630	300	too unreliable to be published F	140	305
$20,000 to $29,999	14,375	13,925	355	too unreliable to be published F	90	360
$30,000 to $39,999	13,215	12,865	295	too unreliable to be published F	50	295
$40,000 to $49,999	11,285	11,055	225	too unreliable to be published F	0	225
$50,000 to $59,999	7,670	7,460	205	too unreliable to be published F	0	205
$60,000 to $69,999	5,125	5,005	115	too unreliable to be published F	0	115
$70,000 to $79,999	3,830	3,710	115	too unreliable to be published F	0	115
$80,000 and over	5,920	5,735	175	too unreliable to be published F	0	180
$80,000 to $89,999	2,400	2,340	55	too unreliable to be published F	0	55
$90,000 to $99,999	1,125	1,090	35	too unreliable to be published F	0	40
$100,000 and over	2,395	2,305	80	too unreliable to be published F	0	85
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	89,665	87,270	1,970	70	350	2,005
Without employment income	27,790	26,800	650	25	315	660
With employment income	61,875	60,470	1,320	45	35	1,345
Percentage with employment income	69.0	69.3	67.0	64.3	10.0	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,375	9,185	170	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	175
$5,000 to $9,999	4,425	4,335	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	75
$10,000 to $19,999	7,785	7,645	130	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	130
$20,000 to $29,999	6,750	6,615	120	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	130
$30,000 to $39,999	6,310	6,190	115	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	115
$40,000 to $49,999	6,210	6,070	140	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	140
$50,000 to $59,999	5,425	5,315	110	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	110
$60,000 to $69,999	3,885	3,750	130	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	135
$70,000 to $79,999	2,830	2,775	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	55
$80,000 and over	8,885	8,590	275	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	280
$80,000 to $89,999	2,530	2,455	75	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	75
$90,000 to $99,999	2,285	2,200	80	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	85
$100,000 and over	4,065	3,935	125	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	125
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	89,665	87,270	1,965	70	350	2,005
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	27,405	26,770	625	0	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	54,155	53,990	60,846	0	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	62,182	61,992	70,034	0	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	105,220	102,600	2,110	105	405	2,170
English only	96,505	96,500	0	0	0	0
French only	65	0	65	0	0	65
English and French	8,235	6,075	2,050	105	0	2,100
Neither English nor French	425	20	0	0	405	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	105,225	102,600	2,110	105	405	2,165
English	98,950	97,575	1,380	0	0	1,375
French	680	50	630	0	0	635
Non-official language	3,515	3,055	0	50	405	25
Aboriginal	245	245	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,265	2,810	0	45	405	30
English and French	240	100	90	50	0	110
English and non-official language	1,795	1,800	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	15	0	10	0	10
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	105,225	102,595	2,115	110	405	2,165
None	97,135	95,590	1,115	75	360	1,155
English	2,120	1,645	410	30	35	430
French	1,690	1,145	545	0	0	545
Non-official language	4,210	4,170	20	10	15	20
Aboriginal	685	690	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,525	3,485	20	0	10	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	45	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	105,220	102,595	2,115	105	405	2,165
English	89,715	89,710	10	0	0	10
French	2,295	240	2,060	0	0	2,060
Non-official language	11,770	11,295	10	65	405	40
Aboriginal	1,015	1,015	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	10,755	10,280	10	65	405	40
English and French	285	220	20	45	0	45
English and non-official language	1,110	1,115	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	10	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	105,220	102,595	2,115	105	405	2,165
Official languages	104,800	102,580	2,110	110	0	2,165
English	104,735	102,575	2,045	105	0	2,105
French	8,295	6,075	2,115	105	0	2,170
Non-official languages	15,205	14,610	125	65	405	155
Aboriginal languages	1,675	1,675	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,545	12,950	130	60	405	160
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	105,220	102,600	2,115	110	405	2,165
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	13,490	13,235	245	10	0	250
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	13,250	12,995	240	10	0	245
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	10,165	10,105	65	0	0	60
Métis	3,050	2,865	175	15	0	185
Inuk (Inuit)	30	30	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	105	105	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	130	130	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	91,735	89,365	1,870	95	405	1,915
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	105,220	102,595	2,110	110	405	2,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	9,340	9,290	55	0	0	55
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	95,885	93,310	2,055	110	405	2,115
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	105,220	102,600	2,110	110	405	2,165
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	5,265	5,240	20	0	0	20
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	5,245	5,225	15	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	4,920	4,910	10	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	315	305	10	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	8,665	8,365	295	10	0	300
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	8,375	8,085	285	0	0	285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,870	5,705	165	0	0	165
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,455	2,335	125	0	0	125
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	50	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	285	275	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	250	235	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	35	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	91,300	88,995	1,800	100	405	1,850
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	105,225	102,600	2,115	110	405	2,165
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	102,835	100,345	2,090	95	305	2,135
Canadian citizens only	100,970	98,550	2,070	85	270	2,110
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,865	1,800	20	10	30	25
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	2,390	2,255	25	15	105	30
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	105,225	102,595	2,115	105	405	2,165
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	94,655	92,505	2,030	75	45	2,065
Immigrants^Footnote 42	9,700	9,240	80	35	345	95
Before 1981	6,280	6,010	45	10	220	50
1981 to 1990	810	765	10	0	35	10
1991 to 2000	820	800	0	0	15	0
2001 to 2010	1,150	1,100	10	10	30	10
2001 to 2005	515	500	0	0	10	0
2006 to 2010	635	600	0	10	20	0
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	645	570	20	15	40	30
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	870	850	0	0	15	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	9,705	9,245	80	35	345	95
Under 5 years	1,545	1,530	0	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	2,035	2,000	15	0	15	20
15 to 24 years	2,630	2,560	20	10	55	20
25 to 44 years	3,185	2,925	40	20	200	50
45 years and over	310	230	0	0	80	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	9,700	9,240	80	30	345	100
Americas	1,080	1,060	0	0	0	10
Brazil	10	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	50	45	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	30	25	0	0	0	0
Guyana	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	25	0	0	0	0
Mexico	45	45	0	0	0	0
Peru	15	20	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	25	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	720	720	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	135	130	0	0	0	0
Europe	6,545	6,240	45	15	245	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	20	0	0	0	0
Croatia	180	180	0	0	0	0
France	70	30	40	0	0	40
Germany	525	510	0	10	10	0
Greece	80	80	0	0	0	0
Hungary	95	95	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	70	70	0	0	0	0
Italy	2,025	1,845	0	0	175	0
Netherlands	165	165	0	0	0	0
Poland	635	610	0	0	20	0
Portugal	220	215	0	0	10	0
Romania	25	25	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	50	50	0	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	60	55	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	85	80	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	1,005	1,005	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,230	1,195	0	0	35	0
Africa	260	240	25	0	0	30
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	25	25	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	25	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	170	155	20	0	0	25
Asia	1,740	1,620	10	20	90	15
Afghanistan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	115	105	0	10	0	0
China^Footnote 51	240	220	0	0	20	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	60	55	0	0	10	0
India	175	175	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 53	115	90	0	10	20	0
Iraq	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	35	30	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	20	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	110	105	0	10	0	0
Philippines	235	235	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	20	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	25	15	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	85	80	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	450	425	0	0	30	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	80	80	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	645	570	20	15	40	30
Americas	125	125	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	85	80	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	30	0	0	0	0
Europe	55	45	0	10	10	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	0	10	10	0
Africa	40	25	20	0	0	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	20	10	0	0	10
Asia	405	360	0	10	35	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	15	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	40	45	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	60	60	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	40	30	0	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	40	40	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Philippines	40	40	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	20	10	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	50	0	0	30	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	20	15	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	105,225	102,600	2,110	105	400	2,165
First generation^Footnote 71	10,890	10,410	85	40	355	100
Second generation^Footnote 72	20,185	19,990	125	30	40	140
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	74,145	72,195	1,900	45	0	1,925
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	3,560	3,360	35	30	135	50
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	1,450	1,380	30	20	25	35
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	635	595	20	10	20	20
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	815	785	10	15	10	15
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	1,250	1,200	0	10	35	15
Refugees^Footnote 79	840	765	0	0	75	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	105,220	102,600	2,110	110	405	2,170
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	4,710	4,445	80	45	145	100
South Asian^Footnote 83	935	900	0	25	10	10
Chinese	740	705	0	0	30	0
Black	665	630	30	0	0	30
Filipino	360	345	15	0	0	15
Latin American	340	320	0	10	15	0
Arab	345	325	0	0	15	10
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	510	465	10	0	40	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	170	140	0	0	30	0
Korean	180	170	0	0	10	0
Japanese	225	230	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	35	25	15	0	0	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	195	185	0	0	0	10
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	100,515	98,155	2,030	60	260	2,065
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	105,220	102,600	2,115	105	405	2,165
North American Aboriginal origins	13,925	13,605	315	0	0	315
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,090	10,900	180	10	0	185
Inuit	100	100	0	0	0	0
Métis	3,040	2,895	135	10	0	140
Other North American origins	25,545	24,540	980	20	10	990
Acadian	110	85	30	0	0	30
American	1,205	1,170	30	0	0	30
Canadian	24,650	23,685	940	20	0	945
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	95	95	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Québécois	25	15	10	0	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	86,070	84,100	1,635	65	265	1,665
British Isles origins	49,340	48,925	380	35	10	395
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0	0	0
English	28,760	28,570	155	30	0	170
Irish	19,530	19,275	230	25	0	240
Manx	25	25	0	0	0	0
Scottish	22,180	22,075	100	10	0	100
Welsh	1,970	1,955	20	0	0	15
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	1,885	1,875	10	0	0	15
French origins	17,170	15,570	1,555	40	0	1,575
Alsatian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	15	10	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	17,145	15,555	1,555	35	0	1,575
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,380	15,180	180	10	0	185
Austrian	830	830	0	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	400	370	30	0	0	30
Dutch	3,530	3,520	0	10	0	10
Flemish	50	50	0	0	0	0
Frisian	20	25	0	0	0	0
German	11,165	11,015	135	15	10	140
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	395	385	10	0	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	15	15	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	18,865	18,805	30	0	35	30
Danish	1,130	1,130	0	0	0	0
Finnish	11,795	11,765	0	0	25	0
Icelandic	700	700	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,920	2,910	10	0	0	10
Swedish	4,635	4,615	20	0	0	20
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	305	300	0	0	10	0
Eastern European origins	23,190	23,060	70	25	40	80
Bulgarian	55	50	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	30	0	0	0	0
Czech	280	280	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	275	275	0	0	0	0
Estonian	250	245	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	860	855	10	0	0	10
Latvian	200	200	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	195	190	10	0	0	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	7,520	7,445	30	15	35	35
Romanian	475	475	0	0	0	0
Russian	1,240	1,235	0	0	0	0
Slovak	2,210	2,200	0	0	0	10
Ukrainian	14,100	14,055	35	10	10	40
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	25	30	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	18,435	18,180	55	10	190	55
Albanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	1,185	1,175	10	0	0	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	715	705	10	0	0	10
Italian	15,110	14,895	35	0	175	40
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	45	45	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	940	940	0	0	0	0
Serbian	170	165	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	305	305	0	0	0	0
Spanish	420	415	0	0	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	255	255	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	335	335	10	0	0	0
Basque	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	145	145	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	155	150	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	390	375	10	0	0	15
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	45	40	0	0	0	0
Dominican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	175	165	0	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	25	20	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	10	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	620	600	10	0	10	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Belizean	40	35	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	80	75	0	0	0	0
Chilean	60	65	0	0	0	0
Colombian	65	60	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	20	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	0	0	10	0
Mexican	145	135	0	10	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	50	50	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	60	60	0	0	0	0
African origins	775	720	45	0	0	50
Central and West African origins	260	235	20	10	0	20
Akan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	85	75	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	15	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	30	30	0	0	0	0
North African origins	110	105	0	0	0	0
Algerian	15	10	0	0	0	10
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Libyan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	45	45	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	145	130	15	0	0	20
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	0	15	0	0	15
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
South African	70	70	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	275	270	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	255	245	0	0	0	10
Asian origins	4,015	3,820	25	30	130	45
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	845	785	15	0	45	15
Afghan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	205	200	0	0	0	0
Armenian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	190	160	0	0	25	0
Iraqi	10	15	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	185	180	10	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Syrian	35	30	0	0	0	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	25	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	10	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	25	10	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	900	865	0	30	0	15
Bangladeshi	105	105	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	580	550	0	25	0	15
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	40	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	80	75	0	10	0	0
Punjabi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	65	65	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,310	2,215	15	0	80	15
Burmese	50	50	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Chinese	910	875	0	0	30	10
Filipino	380	370	10	0	0	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Japanese	340	340	0	0	0	0
Karen	280	245	0	0	35	0
Korean	185	175	0	0	10	0
Laotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	140	130	10	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	35	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	35	35	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	125	125	0	0	0	0
Australian	55	55	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	60	60	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	15	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	89,665	87,275	1,965	70	355	2,005
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,925	17,100	515	20	285	525
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	23,780	23,360	370	15	35	375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,960	46,810	1,085	40	35	1,100
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,955	6,750	180	0	25	180
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	3,010	2,895	90	0	20	95
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	3,950	3,860	85	0	10	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,500	21,065	435	0	0	435
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,690	1,645	45	0	0	45
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,815	17,350	425	35	0	445
Bachelor's degree	12,705	12,430	255	20	0	265
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,195	1,140	45	10	0	50
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	510	490	20	0	0	20
Master's degree	2,760	2,685	70	0	0	75
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	640	605	35	10	0	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	89,665	87,275	1,970	75	350	2,005
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	41,705	40,465	885	35	320	900
Education	3,800	3,665	135	0	0	135
13. Education	3,800	3,665	135	10	0	130
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,190	1,170	15	0	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	295	290	10	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	890	885	10	0	0	10
Humanities	2,085	2,035	50	0	0	50
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	60	65	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	690	680	10	0	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	585	575	0	0	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	80	0	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	195	0	0	0	0
54. History	360	350	10	0	0	15
55. French language and literature/letters	105	95	10	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,025	4,895	120	10	0	120
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	100	10	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	180	10	0	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,205	1,185	20	0	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	550	530	20	0	0	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	200	185	10	0	0	10
42. Psychology	1,145	1,115	30	0	0	30
45. Social sciences	1,645	1,610	30	10	0	35
Business, management and public administration	8,905	8,775	130	10	0	125
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,795	1,780	10	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,095	6,970	115	0	0	120
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,630	1,580	40	10	0	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	740	725	10	0	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	255	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	40	40	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	540	515	30	0	0	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	60	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,065	1,045	10	15	0	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	795	775	10	10	0	15
25. Library science	175	175	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	90	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,680	10,405	255	0	10	255
04. Architecture and related services	280	275	10	0	0	10
14. Engineering	1,395	1,350	40	0	0	45
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,430	2,380	50	0	0	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,225	2,160	60	0	10	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,740	2,650	80	0	0	80
48. Precision production	1,610	1,595	15	0	0	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,105	1,055	50	0	0	45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205	200	10	0	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	895	860	35	0	0	35
Health and related fields	9,135	8,965	165	0	0	170
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	735	730	10	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	8,225	8,075	150	0	0	155
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	170	165	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,340	3,215	120	0	10	120
12. Personal and culinary services	1,570	1,520	40	0	10	45
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	830	815	15	0	0	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	920	860	60	0	0	60
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	89,665	87,270	1,970	75	355	2,005
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,705	40,460	885	35	320	900
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	47,960	46,805	1,085	40	35	1,105
Location of study inside Canada	45,020	43,945	1,040	25	15	1,055
Same as province or territory of residence	42,185	41,275	890	10	15	895
Different than province or territory of residence	2,835	2,670	150	10	0	160
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	2,940	2,865	45	10	20	50
United States^Footnote 130	995	980	20	0	0	20
Philippines	135	135	0	0	0	0
India	165	165	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	340	340	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	85	80	0	0	0	0
France	25	15	15	0	0	15
Other	1,195	1,160	0	15	15	15
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	89,665	87,270	1,970	75	355	not applicable ...
In the labour force	54,420	53,225	1,130	45	15	not applicable ...
Employed	50,220	49,075	1,090	40	15	not applicable ...
Unemployed	4,195	4,150	40	0	0	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	35,250	34,050	835	30	335	not applicable ...
Participation rate	60.7	61.0	57.4	60.0	4.2	not applicable ...
Employment rate	56.0	56.2	55.3	53.3	4.2	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.8	3.5	0.0	0.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	89,665	87,270	1,965	75	350	2,005
Did not work^Footnote 135	32,625	31,535	735	20	330	745
Worked	57,040	55,735	1,235	45	20	1,260
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	27,815	27,175	630	10	10	635
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	29,220	28,560	600	35	15	625
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.4	43.4	29.1	27.1	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	58,670	57,335	1,255	50	30	1,285
a.Management	4,615	4,500	110	0	0	115
00 Senior management occupations	405	375	30	0	0	25
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,550	1,510	40	0	0	45
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,795	1,765	30	0	0	30
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	870	850	15	0	0	15
b.Professional	10,260	9,950	300	15	0	305
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,155	1,140	10	0	0	10
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,450	1,385	60	10	0	65
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,645	1,615	30	0	0	30
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,090	1,055	30	0	0	35
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,655	2,535	115	0	0	115
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,795	1,755	45	0	0	40
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	470	465	10	0	0	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	7,030	6,925	100	10	0	105
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,075	2,035	40	0	0	40
32 Technical occupations in health	1,450	1,430	20	0	0	20
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,880	1,855	30	0	0	30
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	660	650	10	0	0	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	960	950	10	10	0	10
d.Administration and administrative support	7,365	7,185	170	10	0	175
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	3,070	2,975	85	0	0	90
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	615	600	15	0	0	15
14 Office support occupations	2,650	2,605	35	0	0	45
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,030	1,005	25	0	0	30
e.Sales	5,640	5,555	75	0	10	75
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	945	910	30	0	0	30
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	2,510	2,485	20	0	0	25
66 Sales support occupations	2,190	2,165	20	0	0	20
f.Personal and customer information services	12,300	12,075	205	10	15	210
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,475	1,425	45	0	0	40
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,445	1,390	50	0	0	55
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,210	2,185	20	0	10	20
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	2,995	2,960	40	0	0	35
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	4,180	4,120	55	0	10	50
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,825	4,715	110	0	0	110
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,070	3,030	40	0	0	40
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,760	1,685	75	0	0	75
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,940	3,825	105	10	0	110
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	730	705	20	0	0	20
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,450	2,370	80	0	0	85
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	765	750	10	10	0	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,230	1,175	55	0	10	50
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	395	360	30	0	10	30
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	250	245	10	0	0	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	585	570	15	0	0	15
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,455	1,425	35	0	0	35
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	365	355	10	0	0	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	410	405	10	0	0	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	340	340	0	0	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	340	325	10	0	0	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	58,670	57,335	1,255	50	25	1,285
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	855	800	55	0	0	60
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	220	215	0	0	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	345	300	40	0	0	40
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	20	25	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	270	255	15	0	0	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	775	750	15	0	10	20
211 Oil and gas extraction	60	60	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	450	435	15	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	270	260	10	0	0	10
22 Utilities	550	540	10	10	0	0
221 Utilities	550	540	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	4,135	4,030	100	10	0	100
236 Construction of buildings	1,080	1,060	10	0	0	15
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	865	835	30	0	0	30
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,185	2,125	55	0	0	55
31-33 Manufacturing	3,060	2,975	90	0	0	90
311 Food manufacturing	245	240	10	0	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	55	50	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	10	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	0	0	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	35	35	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	280	260	20	0	0	20
322 Paper manufacturing	580	555	20	0	0	20
323 Printing and related support activities	95	90	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	30	25	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	45	50	0	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	50	50	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	60	65	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	50	45	10	0	0	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	255	250	0	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	85	80	0	0	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	35	35	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	15	10	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,035	1,010	30	0	0	25
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	60	65	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	55	60	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,505	1,475	25	0	0	25
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	75	70	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	45	45	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	180	180	0	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	80	80	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	155	135	15	0	0	15
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	245	245	0	0	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	520	505	20	0	0	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	175	175	0	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	35	35	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	7,190	7,105	75	10	0	80
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	750	745	0	0	0	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	245	245	0	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	225	225	0	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	410	405	10	0	0	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,840	1,825	10	0	0	10
446 Health and personal care stores	760	740	20	0	0	20
447 Gasoline stations	240	235	10	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	625	620	10	0	0	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	365	365	0	10	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,065	1,045	20	0	0	20
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	440	440	0	0	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	230	225	0	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,930	2,860	80	0	0	75
481 Air transportation	475	455	20	0	0	15
482 Rail transportation	335	315	20	0	0	20
483 Water transportation	20	20	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	650	625	25	0	0	25
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	480	470	15	0	0	15
486 Pipeline transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	365	365	0	0	0	10
491 Postal service	230	230	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	155	155	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	210	210	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,250	1,230	20	0	0	20
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	195	185	10	0	0	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	130	130	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	130	125	0	0	0	10
517 Telecommunications	555	545	10	0	0	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	40	40	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	200	200	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,305	1,270	35	0	0	35
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	640	635	10	0	0	10
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	200	190	10	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	465	445	15	0	0	20
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	785	770	15	0	0	15
531 Real estate	620	610	15	0	0	10
532 Rental and leasing services	165	165	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,200	3,115	75	10	0	80
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,200	3,115	75	0	0	80
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,010	1,970	35	0	10	35
561 Administrative and support services	1,925	1,885	30	10	0	30
562 Waste management and remediation services	85	80	0	0	0	10
61 Educational services	5,230	5,025	205	0	0	205
611 Educational services	5,235	5,020	205	0	0	210
62 Health care and social assistance	10,305	10,055	235	15	0	245
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,760	2,695	60	10	0	65
622 Hospitals	3,675	3,595	70	0	0	75
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,875	1,825	55	0	0	55
624 Social assistance	1,990	1,940	50	0	0	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,265	1,235	30	0	0	25
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	240	245	10	0	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	110	110	10	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	910	890	20	0	0	20
72 Accommodation and food services	4,950	4,910	35	0	0	35
721 Accommodation services	835	835	0	0	0	0
722 Food services and drinking places	4,115	4,075	35	0	0	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,620	2,560	55	0	0	55
811 Repair and maintenance	790	785	10	0	0	0
812 Personal and laundry services	890	885	10	0	0	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	860	820	40	0	0	45
814 Private households	80	80	0	0	0	0
91 Public administration	4,740	4,660	80	0	0	80
911 Federal government public administration	960	945	10	0	0	15
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,550	1,505	45	0	0	50
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,045	2,030	15	0	0	20
914 Aboriginal public administration	175	175	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	50,220	49,075	1,090	40	10	1,115
Worked at home	1,695	1,650	40	10	0	45
Worked outside Canada	105	95	10	0	0	10
No fixed workplace address	5,350	5,260	95	0	0	90
Worked at usual place	43,070	42,070	950	35	10	965
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	58,670	57,330	1,260	55	25	1,285
English	57,900	56,855	985	40	20	1,005
French	340	145	195	0	0	195
Non-official language	100	90	0	0	10	0
Aboriginal	45	45	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	65	50	0	0	10	0
English and French	155	75	75	10	0	80
English and non-official language	175	170	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	58,675	57,335	1,255	55	25	1,285
None	56,795	56,010	715	45	25	740
English	295	160	140	0	0	140
French	915	510	405	0	0	405
Non-official language	630	620	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal	200	205	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	425	415	0	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	40	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	43,070	42,070	950	35	10	970
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	40,675	39,750	880	35	10	895
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,510	1,465	40	10	0	40
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	685	665	20	0	0	25
Commute to a different province or territory	200	190	10	0	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	48,420	47,330	1,040	35	15	1,060
Car, truck, van - as a driver	39,780	38,850	900	25	0	915
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,040	3,005	35	0	0	35
Public transit	2,110	2,065	35	10	0	40
Walked	2,225	2,170	55	0	0	55
Bicycle	625	615	10	0	0	10
Other method	635	630	0	0	0	10
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	48,420	47,330	1,040	35	15	1,065
Less than 15 minutes	23,750	23,250	480	20	0	485
15 to 29 minutes	20,020	19,540	460	15	0	470
30 to 44 minutes	2,850	2,800	50	0	0	55
45 to 59 minutes	535	510	20	0	10	15
60 minutes and over	1,265	1,230	30	0	0	35
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	48,420	47,330	1,045	35	15	1,060
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,775	1,730	40	0	0	45
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,930	5,775	155	0	0	155
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,805	12,485	310	10	0	315
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,325	13,995	315	15	0	325
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,500	5,395	90	0	0	95
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,085	7,945	130	0	10	135
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	104,345	101,745	2,100	110	390	2,150
Non-movers	91,570	89,285	1,855	95	335	1,905
Movers	12,770	12,460	245	10	55	245
Non-migrants	9,120	8,990	120	0	10	120
Migrants	3,655	3,475	125	10	45	130
Internal migrants	3,240	3,090	120	0	20	125
Intraprovincial migrants	2,555	2,460	95	0	0	90
Interprovincial migrants	680	635	25	10	15	30
External migrants	410	380	10	0	25	10
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	100,325	97,815	2,065	85	360	2,105
Non-movers	67,435	65,895	1,220	30	290	1,235
Movers	32,890	31,925	840	60	65	870
Non-migrants	23,510	22,950	510	35	10	530
Migrants	9,375	8,970	335	20	60	340
Internal migrants	7,960	7,630	305	10	15	310
Intraprovincial migrants	6,215	5,965	230	10	10	235
Interprovincial migrants	1,745	1,665	75	0	0	75
External migrants	1,420	1,345	25	10	45	30

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Thunder Bay, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.