Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Division No. 6

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,625	7,545	29,640	26,400
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,625	7,545	29,640	26,395
0 to 14 years	281,275	271,260	2,520	1,495	5,995	3,265
0 to 4 years	94,635	88,520	800	245	5,070	925
5 to 9 years	99,020	96,855	870	615	685	1,175
10 to 14 years	87,620	85,880	850	640	245	1,175
15 to 64 years	1,040,160	1,005,150	17,490	5,615	11,900	20,300
15 to 19 years	85,025	83,290	865	740	130	1,235
20 to 24 years	91,825	89,890	1,225	500	215	1,470
25 to 29 years	113,770	111,060	1,645	515	550	1,905
30 to 34 years	126,910	123,445	2,095	660	715	2,420
35 to 39 years	119,380	115,135	2,280	975	995	2,770
40 to 44 years	112,150	108,100	2,125	745	1,180	2,500
45 to 49 years	105,765	101,895	1,885	595	1,390	2,185
50 to 54 years	105,205	100,955	2,070	450	1,730	2,295
55 to 59 years	100,170	95,910	1,870	265	2,130	2,000
60 to 64 years	79,950	75,480	1,425	175	2,875	1,515
65 years and over	157,120	142,330	2,620	435	11,740	2,835
65 to 69 years	60,710	56,205	1,025	155	3,315	1,105
70 to 74 years	38,200	34,835	655	90	2,620	705
75 to 79 years	26,475	23,665	455	85	2,280	495
80 to 84 years	18,260	16,155	295	45	1,765	320
85 years and over	13,470	11,465	185	60	1,760	215
85 to 89 years	9,760	8,415	140	35	1,170	160
90 to 94 years	3,060	2,570	30	20	435	40
95 to 99 years	580	435	10	0	135	15
100 years and over	70	45	0	0	15	10
Average age	37.2	36.9	41.5	33.3	50.7	not applicable ...
Median age	36.6	36.3	41.7	34.1	59.5	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	1,197,285	1,147,480	20,110	6,045	23,645	23,130
Married or living common law	729,155	695,925	12,715	3,815	16,690	14,625
Married	619,795	590,215	9,795	3,515	16,265	11,555
Living common law	109,360	105,710	2,925	305	425	3,075
Not married and not living common law	468,125	451,555	7,390	2,230	6,955	8,510
Never married	333,185	325,490	4,800	1,845	1,055	5,725
Separated	26,070	25,025	525	100	420	570
Divorced	71,105	68,485	1,400	210	1,005	1,505
Widowed	37,765	32,550	670	75	4,470	710
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	1,197,280	1,147,480	20,110	6,045	23,640	23,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,138,275	1,091,475	19,325	5,530	21,945	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	69,070	70,155	68,268	50,182	20,565	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,793	44,672	48,382	33,740	17,022	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,138,500	1,091,680	19,340	5,530	21,950	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,836	55,624	54,431	41,843	19,258	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,868	39,526	42,000	31,467	16,928	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,066,970	1,029,295	18,305	5,140	14,235	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	69,686	70,499	67,913	50,614	20,064	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,474	44,079	47,370	33,601	12,878	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	649,845	617,460	10,885	3,375	18,125	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,568	6,492	6,996	5,186	9,140	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,227	3,145	4,118	2,126	7,625	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	926,435	896,535	15,890	4,610	9,400	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	65,167	65,663	65,709	48,481	25,158	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,651	44,083	48,335	31,568	21,453	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	94.6	94.8	94.2	93.7	63.3	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.8	76.9	79.1	80.5	52.4	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	5.4	5.2	5.8	6.3	36.7	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	1,197,280	1,147,480	20,110	6,050	23,645	23,130
Without total income	59,000	56,000	785	520	1,700	1,045
With total income	1,138,280	1,091,475	19,325	5,530	21,945	22,090
Percentage with total income	95.1	95.1	96.1	91.4	92.8	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	149,285	140,340	2,150	1,080	5,710	2,690
$10,000 to $19,999	139,425	128,145	2,130	765	8,390	2,505
$20,000 to $29,999	128,870	122,585	2,045	685	3,550	2,395
$30,000 to $39,999	109,995	105,610	1,860	585	1,945	2,150
$40,000 to $49,999	105,305	101,955	1,730	455	1,160	1,955
$50,000 to $59,999	90,825	88,275	1,650	390	510	1,845
$60,000 to $69,999	74,970	72,960	1,415	365	235	1,600
$70,000 to $79,999	61,055	59,480	1,195	220	160	1,305
$80,000 to $89,999	49,155	47,945	875	225	110	985
$90,000 to $99,999	41,855	40,755	885	175	35	970
$100,000 and over	187,545	183,430	3,385	595	135	3,685
$100,000 to $149,999	103,650	101,365	1,845	330	100	2,010
$150,000 and over	83,895	82,060	1,540	260	35	1,670
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	1,197,280	1,147,480	20,105	6,045	23,640	23,135
Without after-tax income	58,780	55,800	770	515	1,695	1,030
With after-tax income	1,138,500	1,091,685	19,340	5,535	21,945	22,105
Percentage with after-tax income	95.1	95.1	96.2	91.6	92.8	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	153,185	144,115	2,225	1,095	5,755	2,770
$10,000 to $19,999	145,835	134,335	2,250	785	8,475	2,640
$20,000 to $29,999	148,385	141,295	2,370	790	3,935	2,765
$30,000 to $39,999	137,510	132,440	2,350	650	2,070	2,680
$40,000 to $49,999	127,405	123,680	2,215	540	960	2,485
$50,000 to $59,999	100,690	98,060	1,840	485	310	2,080
$60,000 to $69,999	77,065	75,000	1,530	310	225	1,685
$70,000 to $79,999	59,290	57,790	1,165	245	90	1,285
$80,000 and over	189,130	184,970	3,395	630	135	3,710
$80,000 to $89,999	44,740	43,750	785	145	60	860
$90,000 to $99,999	30,665	30,085	455	110	15	505
$100,000 and over	113,725	111,135	2,150	380	60	2,345
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	1,197,280	1,147,485	20,110	6,050	23,640	23,135
Without employment income	270,845	250,945	4,220	1,440	14,245	4,940
With employment income	926,430	896,535	15,895	4,605	9,400	18,195
Percentage with employment income	77.4	78.1	79.0	76.1	39.8	78.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	100,855	97,290	1,615	710	1,245	1,970
$5,000 to $9,999	59,935	57,530	945	365	1,080	1,125
$10,000 to $19,999	100,800	96,495	1,585	645	2,080	1,905
$20,000 to $29,999	87,350	83,615	1,370	540	1,825	1,635
$30,000 to $39,999	83,445	80,220	1,345	415	1,460	1,555
$40,000 to $49,999	81,215	78,800	1,285	315	815	1,440
$50,000 to $59,999	71,805	69,730	1,310	370	395	1,495
$60,000 to $69,999	59,530	57,975	1,125	245	190	1,250
$70,000 to $79,999	49,710	48,400	1,000	195	115	1,100
$80,000 and over	231,790	226,475	4,310	810	190	4,715
$80,000 to $89,999	41,560	40,615	730	155	60	810
$90,000 to $99,999	36,430	35,495	755	155	25	830
$100,000 and over	153,795	150,370	2,825	495	100	3,075
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	1,197,285	1,147,480	20,110	6,045	23,645	23,135
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	435,785	423,840	7,585	1,690	2,675	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	66,311	66,569	69,909	59,989	32,087	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	90,769	91,236	87,920	75,152	34,730	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,630	7,540	29,640	26,400
English only	1,341,485	1,341,490	0	0	0	0
French only	1,335	0	1,330	0	0	1,335
English and French	105,445	76,615	21,295	7,540	0	25,060
Neither English nor French	30,285	640	0	0	29,640	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	1,478,555	1,418,740	22,630	7,545	29,640	26,400
English	1,159,255	1,147,525	11,735	0	0	11,730
French	8,850	395	8,455	0	0	8,455
Non-official language	220,880	184,525	635	6,075	29,645	3,675
Aboriginal	445	435	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	220,435	184,085	635	6,070	29,645	3,670
English and French	2,460	645	1,070	745	0	1,445
English and non-official language	85,365	85,180	185	0	0	185
French and non-official language	385	65	325	0	0	325
English, French and non-official language	1,355	415	220	720	0	585
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,630	7,545	29,640	26,400
None	1,250,345	1,207,710	11,980	3,750	26,905	13,855
English	97,980	89,390	4,405	2,770	1,415	5,785
French	14,835	9,870	4,805	140	15	4,875
Non-official language	111,425	108,840	975	325	1,290	1,135
Aboriginal	765	760	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	110,660	108,075	970	320	1,285	1,135
English and French	655	85	55	510	10	310
English and non-official language	1,985	1,705	235	35	0	255
French and non-official language	1,305	1,130	170	0	0	170
English, French and non-official language	35	15	0	20	0	15
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	1,478,555	1,418,740	22,630	7,545	29,640	26,400
English	1,027,345	1,027,290	45	0	0	50
French	21,875	1,460	20,415	0	0	20,415
Non-official language	388,205	350,955	1,095	6,515	29,645	4,350
Aboriginal	1,070	1,060	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	387,135	349,895	1,095	6,505	29,635	4,350
English and French	3,920	3,075	150	695	0	495
English and non-official language	35,295	35,280	15	0	0	15
French and non-official language	1,110	215	895	0	0	895
English, French and non-official language	815	470	10	330	0	175
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,630	7,545	29,645	26,400
Official languages	1,448,270	1,418,100	22,620	7,545	0	26,395
English	1,446,940	1,418,100	21,290	7,540	0	25,060
French	106,780	76,615	22,625	7,545	0	26,395
Non-official languages	495,055	453,135	5,290	6,990	29,640	8,785
Aboriginal languages	1,690	1,680	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	493,385	451,475	5,295	6,985	29,640	8,785
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,630	7,545	29,640	26,400
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	46,285	45,330	865	60	30	895
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	45,150	44,210	850	55	30	880
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	19,790	19,595	150	30	15	160
Métis	24,830	24,085	705	30	10	720
Inuk (Inuit)	535	530	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	510	510	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	620	615	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,432,270	1,373,410	21,765	7,490	29,615	25,505
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	1,478,555	1,418,740	22,625	7,545	29,640	26,400
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	16,065	15,945	85	20	20	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,462,485	1,402,795	22,545	7,525	29,625	26,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,625	7,545	29,645	26,400
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	10,760	10,610	130	10	10	135
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	10,460	10,315	125	10	15	130
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	7,625	7,565	40	0	15	40
Métis single ancestry	2,715	2,625	90	0	0	90
Inuit single ancestry	120	120	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	300	295	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	290	285	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	51,030	49,535	1,400	80	20	1,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	48,930	47,545	1,290	75	20	1,325
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	26,300	25,605	655	35	0	675
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	22,120	21,440	630	50	0	655
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	505	500	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	2,100	1,995	115	0	0	110
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,995	1,890	110	0	0	110
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	40	0	0	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	40	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	1,416,765	1,358,600	21,100	7,460	29,610	24,830
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	1,478,555	1,418,740	22,625	7,545	29,640	26,400
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	1,318,760	1,275,075	20,435	5,765	17,480	23,320
Canadian citizens only	1,247,615	1,208,770	18,950	3,965	15,935	20,935
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	71,145	66,310	1,485	1,805	1,550	2,385
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	159,795	143,665	2,190	1,775	12,160	3,080
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,625	7,545	29,645	26,400
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	1,034,370	1,010,850	17,005	1,755	4,760	17,885
Immigrants^Footnote 42	415,930	381,520	5,170	5,490	23,760	7,915
Before 1981	73,380	70,250	800	365	1,965	985
1981 to 1990	42,045	38,365	305	350	3,030	480
1991 to 2000	69,850	63,030	735	800	5,280	1,135
2001 to 2010	135,005	123,965	1,860	2,705	6,475	3,210
2001 to 2005	60,410	55,360	800	1,220	3,030	1,410
2006 to 2010	74,600	68,605	1,055	1,490	3,445	1,800
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	95,650	85,905	1,470	1,265	7,015	2,100
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	28,250	26,375	450	300	1,125	605
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	415,930	381,515	5,170	5,490	23,760	7,915
Under 5 years	38,720	36,975	480	480	785	720
5 to 14 years	71,380	68,945	775	1,100	550	1,330
15 to 24 years	81,525	77,815	1,005	810	1,885	1,410
25 to 44 years	185,945	173,320	2,605	2,765	7,260	3,985
45 years and over	38,370	24,460	305	325	13,275	465
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	415,935	381,520	5,170	5,490	23,760	7,915
Americas	46,020	43,115	615	1,335	960	1,280
Brazil	1,475	1,380	15	65	15	45
Colombia	5,860	4,950	120	460	330	355
El Salvador	2,485	2,295	15	55	120	40
Guyana	890	885	0	0	0	10
Haiti	535	180	245	105	10	300
Jamaica	3,120	3,120	0	0	0	0
Mexico	4,660	4,310	35	190	130	125
Peru	1,120	940	20	110	55	75
Trinidad and Tobago	1,495	1,490	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	13,230	13,100	65	60	10	95
Other places of birth in Americas	11,150	10,465	95	290	300	245
Europe	87,110	82,910	1,535	1,415	1,250	2,245
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,115	2,015	0	45	60	20
Croatia	1,335	1,295	0	0	30	0
France	1,325	270	1,035	15	0	1,040
Germany	7,195	7,080	50	65	0	80
Greece	960	915	0	15	30	0
Hungary	2,030	1,955	0	30	40	20
Ireland^Footnote 48	1,815	1,805	10	0	0	10
Italy	3,945	3,735	35	60	110	70
Netherlands	3,955	3,905	0	50	0	30
Poland	7,015	6,725	30	75	180	65
Portugal	1,205	1,100	15	10	80	15
Romania	4,625	4,135	30	410	55	235
Russian Federation	4,070	3,695	15	170	190	100
Serbia^Footnote 49	1,145	1,105	0	15	25	10
Ukraine	3,050	2,755	10	65	220	40
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	29,390	29,340	30	20	0	40
Other places of birth in Europe	11,945	11,090	280	355	225	455
Africa	41,460	37,145	2,590	1,195	530	3,185
Algeria	775	270	275	230	0	385
Egypt	2,955	2,735	75	130	15	135
Ethiopia	5,240	5,120	10	15	90	25
Kenya	2,770	2,725	10	0	30	10
Morocco	710	275	195	220	20	305
Nigeria	7,745	7,720	0	10	10	15
Somalia	1,355	1,240	20	20	75	30
South Africa, Republic of	3,250	3,240	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	16,655	13,815	1,995	560	285	2,280
Asia	237,210	214,285	415	1,545	20,965	1,190
Afghanistan	3,290	2,860	20	45	365	40
Bangladesh	3,180	3,085	0	55	45	25
China^Footnote 51	35,130	27,505	20	195	7,420	115
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	11,150	10,460	0	35	660	20
India	47,240	41,635	20	150	5,430	95
Iran^Footnote 53	5,815	5,500	15	150	150	90
Iraq	3,650	3,385	0	20	245	10
Japan	1,565	1,500	0	15	50	10
Korea, South^Footnote 54	7,385	6,905	0	45	435	20
Lebanon	4,420	3,870	150	165	230	235
Pakistan	17,785	16,965	0	100	720	50
Philippines	55,050	54,620	50	115	260	110
Sri Lanka	2,025	1,975	0	0	35	10
Syria^Footnote 55	2,220	1,390	15	85	730	55
Taiwan	2,240	2,070	0	15	150	15
Viet Nam	15,755	12,415	30	105	3,205	85
Other places of birth in Asia	19,315	18,140	75	250	840	205
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	4,135	4,065	15	0	50	15
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	95,650	85,905	1,465	1,260	7,015	2,095
Americas	9,530	8,685	120	320	405	285
Brazil	535	480	10	35	10	25
Colombia	1,280	1,040	10	85	140	50
Cuba	125	105	0	15	10	10
Haiti	150	30	70	50	10	90
Jamaica	475	475	0	0	0	0
Mexico	2,020	1,865	10	60	90	35
United States^Footnote 58	2,130	2,100	0	20	0	15
Venezuela^Footnote 59	1,140	1,060	10	25	50	20
Other places of birth in Americas	1,680	1,525	10	45	100	30
Europe	10,160	9,100	355	305	400	510
France	275	10	270	10	0	270
Germany	495	445	10	35	0	30
Ireland^Footnote 60	620	620	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	445	355	0	55	35	30
Romania	625	525	10	85	10	45
Russian Federation	655	535	0	30	85	15
Ukraine	845	710	0	10	120	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	3,285	3,270	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	2,920	2,630	65	80	150	100
Africa	12,165	10,670	915	305	270	1,065
Algeria	160	50	65	40	0	85
Cameroon	570	335	215	15	0	225
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	220	45	140	35	0	155
Côte d'Ivoire	130	10	120	10	0	120
Egypt	1,130	1,045	30	50	15	50
Eritrea	1,055	970	10	0	80	0
Ethiopia	1,585	1,510	10	0	65	10
Morocco	190	60	55	65	10	95
Nigeria	3,940	3,930	0	0	10	10
Somalia	240	185	10	0	45	10
South Africa, Republic of	590	580	0	10	0	10
Tunisia	70	25	30	0	10	40
Other places of birth in Africa	2,280	1,930	230	70	45	265
Asia	62,970	56,630	80	325	5,935	245
Afghanistan	495	425	0	10	55	0
Bangladesh	750	730	0	10	15	0
China^Footnote 63	6,340	4,385	0	15	1,940	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	420	365	0	0	45	0
India	13,110	11,535	0	15	1,560	10
Iran^Footnote 65	2,250	2,120	0	50	75	30
Iraq	1,230	1,090	0	10	125	0
Israel	225	220	0	0	10	10
Japan	335	315	0	15	0	10
Korea, South^Footnote 66	1,940	1,780	0	15	145	10
Lebanon	555	455	25	30	40	45
Nepal	1,125	1,090	0	0	30	0
Pakistan	4,400	4,035	0	10	355	10
Philippines	23,170	22,980	25	20	140	35
Saudi Arabia	365	355	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	335	315	0	0	20	0
Syria^Footnote 67	1,405	625	10	65	715	40
Taiwan	325	290	10	0	25	10
Turkey	140	130	0	0	10	0
United Arab Emirates	440	430	10	0	10	0
Viet Nam	1,220	810	0	0	405	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,410	2,150	0	45	205	30
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	820	820	0	0	10	0
Australia	575	575	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	245	240	0	0	10	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,625	7,545	29,645	26,395
First generation^Footnote 71	454,345	417,765	5,750	5,830	24,995	8,665
Second generation^Footnote 72	308,920	300,485	2,520	1,360	4,555	3,200
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	715,290	700,495	14,355	350	90	14,530
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	349,425	317,480	4,425	5,150	22,360	7,005
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	198,105	188,585	2,445	3,255	3,815	4,070
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	78,410	74,260	1,190	1,465	1,500	1,920
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	119,690	114,325	1,255	1,790	2,320	2,155
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	99,880	83,245	980	805	14,850	1,385
Refugees^Footnote 79	48,595	43,185	925	1,010	3,465	1,435
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	2,850	2,465	80	70	225	120
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	1,478,555	1,418,745	22,630	7,540	29,645	26,400
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	469,705	433,380	4,575	4,625	27,125	6,890
South Asian^Footnote 83	123,900	114,970	230	620	8,080	540
Chinese	90,285	79,090	210	470	10,515	445
Black	54,905	50,750	2,770	705	675	3,125
Filipino	73,005	72,410	65	145	380	145
Latin American	28,205	25,435	310	1,190	1,270	905
Arab	26,560	23,425	705	925	1,505	1,170
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	23,410	20,690	60	165	2,490	145
West Asian^Footnote 85	12,845	11,750	60	235	805	180
Korean	11,165	10,440	0	60	665	30
Japanese	5,735	5,590	10	20	120	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	4,710	4,530	40	25	120	55
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	14,985	14,295	115	60	505	150
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	1,008,850	985,360	18,050	2,915	2,520	19,510
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	1,478,555	1,418,740	22,630	7,545	29,640	26,400
North American Aboriginal origins	61,790	60,145	1,530	85	30	1,575
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,285	35,410	805	40	25	825
Inuit	745	735	0	0	10	10
Métis	27,180	26,300	830	45	10	855
Other North American origins	324,605	315,055	8,655	380	515	8,845
Acadian	1,935	1,560	375	0	0	375
American	26,570	26,430	105	20	10	115
Canadian	305,685	296,605	8,220	350	510	8,400
New Brunswicker	30	10	15	0	0	15
Newfoundlander	570	570	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	60	50	0	0	0	10
Ontarian	55	50	10	0	0	0
Québécois	510	365	140	0	0	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	170	165	0	10	0	0
European origins	901,255	882,255	13,715	2,855	2,425	15,140
British Isles origins	584,095	580,545	3,120	325	110	3,280
Channel Islander	135	140	0	0	0	0
Cornish	105	105	0	0	0	0
English	334,440	332,990	1,145	210	95	1,255
Irish	218,395	216,660	1,595	125	15	1,660
Manx	425	420	0	0	0	0
Scottish	267,255	266,135	995	105	25	1,045
Welsh	30,500	30,415	75	10	10	75
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	39,290	39,110	145	30	10	155
French origins	129,505	117,125	11,895	450	35	12,115
Alsatian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Breton	25	15	10	0	0	10
Corsican	25	20	10	0	0	10
French	129,445	117,070	11,890	450	30	12,115
Western European origins (except French origins)	292,065	289,875	1,435	590	165	1,730
Austrian	15,650	15,575	40	25	10	55
Bavarian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Belgian	7,345	6,910	375	55	0	400
Dutch	61,170	60,880	140	115	40	195
Flemish	670	660	0	0	0	10
Frisian	255	260	0	0	0	0
German	224,970	223,765	710	375	120	895
Luxembourger	280	265	15	10	0	10
Swiss	9,125	8,760	270	75	15	305
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	425	425	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	107,110	106,830	170	90	20	215
Danish	21,260	21,220	20	15	10	30
Finnish	6,310	6,295	10	10	10	10
Icelandic	8,305	8,290	0	10	0	10
Norwegian	47,655	47,545	80	25	10	90
Swedish	30,365	30,290	35	35	0	55
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	4,530	4,505	30	0	0	25
Eastern European origins	222,985	219,620	755	1,305	1,305	1,410
Bulgarian	1,670	1,565	10	55	45	35
Byelorussian	850	790	0	10	45	0
Czech	8,130	8,085	20	15	10	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	2,890	2,855	35	10	0	35
Estonian	1,265	1,265	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	23,715	23,360	110	165	80	195
Latvian	1,305	1,295	0	0	0	10
Lithuanian	2,615	2,570	15	10	20	20
Moldovan	995	830	0	80	85	50
Polish	60,280	59,530	255	210	280	360
Romanian	14,445	13,780	50	505	105	305
Russian	41,585	40,660	140	280	510	280
Slovak	5,005	4,915	10	45	30	35
Ukrainian	98,870	98,050	200	230	400	315
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	945	940	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	97,260	94,345	1,145	895	885	1,585
Albanian	1,890	1,755	0	40	85	20
Bosnian	1,820	1,745	10	20	50	20
Catalan	50	45	0	0	10	0
Croatian	6,525	6,450	25	15	40	25
Cypriot	65	70	0	0	0	0
Greek	6,995	6,850	35	80	35	75
Italian	45,625	44,465	680	275	200	815
Kosovar	150	135	0	0	15	0
Macedonian	540	510	0	25	10	15
Maltese	670	645	25	0	0	25
Montenegrin	130	120	0	0	10	0
Portuguese	8,905	8,595	110	60	145	140
Serbian	3,520	3,360	15	70	75	50
Sicilian	160	160	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,865	1,850	10	10	0	10
Spanish	23,030	22,005	305	435	285	525
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,860	1,845	10	0	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	120	120	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	10,110	9,830	145	40	100	165
Basque	200	175	20	10	0	25
Jewish	4,690	4,535	50	25	85	60
Roma (Gypsy)	200	200	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	455	450	0	0	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	4,615	4,520	80	0	10	85
Caribbean origins	15,920	15,280	405	190	45	500
Antiguan	305	305	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	135	135	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	885	880	10	0	0	10
Bermudan	125	125	0	0	0	0
Carib	60	60	0	0	0	0
Cuban	855	785	10	35	25	30
Dominican	340	325	0	10	0	10
Grenadian	210	210	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	1,015	570	310	125	10	375
Jamaican	7,400	7,355	30	10	10	35
Kittitian/Nevisian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	245	245	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	340	335	0	0	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,210	2,190	10	10	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	360	365	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,200	1,185	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,170	1,140	25	10	0	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	36,915	33,845	435	1,270	1,365	1,070
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	845	790	15	25	15	30
Arawak	80	65	10	0	0	10
Argentinian	825	795	0	20	10	10
Belizean	215	210	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	280	255	0	15	10	10
Brazilian	1,645	1,555	30	20	40	40
Chilean	3,300	3,170	20	40	75	35
Colombian	7,500	6,360	125	530	480	395
Costa Rican	290	285	0	0	0	10
Ecuadorian	445	400	0	0	45	0
Guatemalan	1,300	1,165	30	20	90	35
Guyanese	1,165	1,165	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	760	720	10	20	15	15
Honduran	370	330	25	0	15	25
Maya	230	215	0	0	0	0
Mexican	8,940	8,295	80	275	290	215
Nicaraguan	910	860	10	20	25	10
Panamanian	160	160	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	170	175	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	1,495	1,350	25	70	50	60
Salvadorean	3,005	2,825	35	50	100	60
Uruguayan	150	145	0	0	0	10
Venezuelan	3,450	3,135	40	155	120	120
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	1,710	1,560	30	35	85	50
African origins	59,290	53,755	3,325	1,285	930	3,965
Central and West African origins	16,515	14,410	1,770	305	30	1,920
Akan	95	75	20	10	0	20
Angolan	160	125	20	10	0	30
Ashanti	80	80	0	0	0	0
Beninese	125	65	60	10	0	60
Burkinabe	20	0	20	0	0	20
Cameroonian	970	505	435	30	0	445
Chadian	60	30	30	0	0	35
Congolese	1,395	555	715	120	10	770
Edo	290	290	0	0	0	0
Ewe	70	55	15	0	0	15
Gabonese	25	10	15	0	0	15
Gambian	70	75	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,865	1,830	15	15	0	25
Guinean	150	65	65	20	0	75
Ibo	1,155	1,155	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	180	10	165	10	0	165
Liberian	300	295	0	0	10	10
Malian	25	10	10	0	0	10
Malinké	25	20	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	7,880	7,820	15	20	15	30
Peulh	45	20	0	25	0	15
Senegalese	280	115	100	60	10	135
Sierra Leonean	225	225	0	0	0	0
Togolese	75	35	35	10	0	35
Wolof	45	10	20	15	0	25
Yoruba	1,810	1,805	0	10	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	695	515	135	45	0	155
North African origins	11,550	9,775	755	715	305	1,110
Algerian	825	400	275	140	10	345
Berber	355	120	95	115	10	160
Coptic	115	110	0	0	0	0
Dinka	270	240	0	0	30	0
Egyptian	4,585	4,220	100	145	125	175
Libyan	575	535	0	10	30	10
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	1,125	715	170	195	40	265
Sudanese	3,375	3,270	0	30	70	20
Tunisian	485	270	120	90	10	165
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	290	200	45	50	0	65
Southern and East African origins	21,385	20,285	395	165	540	475
Afrikaner	140	140	0	0	0	0
Amhara	220	215	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	230	160	60	15	0	65
Burundian	195	80	85	30	0	105
Djiboutian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	3,805	3,550	35	20	200	45
Ethiopian	6,400	6,195	10	45	145	35
Harari	45	45	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	970	965	0	0	10	0
Malagasy	50	20	25	0	0	25
Mauritian	280	190	90	0	0	90
Oromo	675	635	0	0	45	0
Rwandan	180	140	40	0	0	40
Seychellois	25	30	0	0	0	0
Somali	2,770	2,590	25	25	125	40
South African	2,955	2,940	10	0	0	10
Tanzanian	480	480	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	430	385	10	10	30	15
Ugandan	335	330	0	10	0	0
Zambian	135	140	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	815	815	0	0	0	0
Zulu	80	80	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	1,570	1,495	25	40	10	45
Other African origins	10,990	10,300	505	135	60	570
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	935	905	25	0	0	20
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	10,155	9,485	480	135	50	550
Asian origins	389,585	360,770	1,275	2,490	25,045	2,525
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	49,040	44,930	650	960	2,500	1,130
Afghan	5,345	4,810	40	50	435	75
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	5,125	4,500	210	145	265	280
Armenian	1,020	945	10	40	35	25
Assyrian	355	305	0	0	50	0
Azerbaijani	295	240	0	10	45	0
Georgian	230	205	0	0	25	0
Hazara	265	245	0	10	15	0
Iranian	8,610	8,175	10	180	240	105
Iraqi	3,830	3,525	25	30	255	35
Israeli	755	740	10	0	0	10
Jordanian	600	565	0	15	20	10
Kazakh	300	260	0	15	15	10
Kurd	940	825	0	0	110	0
Kuwaiti	50	45	10	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	150	145	0	0	10	0
Lebanese	14,055	13,290	275	240	245	400
Palestinian	1,675	1,625	0	25	20	10
Pashtun	375	355	0	0	25	0
Saudi Arabian	185	180	0	0	10	0
Syrian	3,395	2,510	30	80	775	70
Tajik	175	165	0	0	0	0
Tatar	370	320	0	35	20	15
Turk	2,625	2,395	40	85	100	90
Turkmen	55	60	0	0	0	0
Uighur	150	145	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	270	245	0	10	15	0
Yemeni	545	510	10	0	20	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	1,375	1,305	15	30	35	30
South Asian origins	123,510	114,790	230	630	7,850	550
Bangladeshi	2,365	2,310	0	20	35	15
Bengali	1,015	960	0	30	15	15
Bhutanese	160	95	0	30	40	15
East Indian	91,410	84,680	215	345	6,170	385
Goan	350	345	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	295	285	0	0	10	0
Kashmiri	595	570	0	0	20	0
Nepali	1,930	1,835	0	15	80	10
Pakistani	18,550	17,640	10	160	745	85
Punjabi	8,655	7,370	10	55	1,220	35
Sinhalese	385	375	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	2,445	2,400	0	10	35	10
Tamil	445	440	0	10	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	2,570	2,475	0	10	80	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	219,270	203,290	395	915	14,660	855
Burmese	770	750	0	0	25	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,150	1,960	10	30	150	25
Chinese	105,360	93,420	265	525	11,150	530
Filipino	77,435	76,825	60	160	395	140
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,625	1,590	10	10	15	15
Japanese	7,975	7,810	10	30	130	25
Karen	295	225	0	0	75	0
Korean	11,790	11,030	0	60	705	30
Laotian	960	895	0	10	55	0
Malaysian	1,360	1,360	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	1,105	1,070	0	0	25	0
Singaporean	205	190	0	0	10	10
Taiwanese	1,210	1,120	0	20	65	10
Thai	1,125	1,070	0	0	45	10
Tibetan	890	815	0	0	70	0
Vietnamese	21,100	18,445	55	125	2,475	110
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	340	325	0	0	10	0
Other Asian origins	1,695	1,615	0	0	75	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	1,690	1,615	0	0	75	0
Oceania origins	6,915	6,860	15	10	35	15
Australian	3,785	3,780	0	10	0	0
New Zealander	1,450	1,445	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	1,820	1,780	0	10	35	0
Fijian	1,195	1,155	0	0	35	10
Hawaiian	160	160	0	0	0	0
Maori	190	190	0	0	0	0
Samoan	90	95	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	85	80	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	135	140	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	1,197,285	1,147,480	20,110	6,050	23,645	23,135
No certificate, diploma or degree	163,960	146,835	2,310	690	14,125	2,655
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	315,170	304,350	4,305	1,125	5,385	4,870
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	718,155	696,295	13,490	4,235	4,135	15,610
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	87,055	83,980	2,225	270	575	2,360
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	30,365	28,890	990	140	350	1,060
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	56,685	55,090	1,235	135	230	1,300
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	221,390	215,545	3,885	780	1,175	4,280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,975	36,675	685	235	385	800
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	371,735	360,100	6,695	2,945	1,995	8,170
Bachelor's degree	260,495	253,560	3,950	1,480	1,495	4,695
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,660	18,655	535	350	120	705
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,965	9,650	145	90	75	190
Master's degree	70,005	67,255	1,715	785	245	2,110
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	11,615	10,980	345	235	50	465
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	1,197,280	1,147,480	20,110	6,050	23,645	23,135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	479,130	451,185	6,620	1,815	19,505	7,525
Education	43,025	41,205	1,190	215	415	1,295
13. Education	43,025	41,210	1,190	215	415	1,295
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	23,065	22,455	435	80	90	475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,960	3,885	75	0	0	75
50. Visual and performing arts	19,105	18,580	360	80	90	400
Humanities	31,770	30,375	620	385	390	810
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,345	2,950	150	145	105	220
23. English language and literature/letters	7,670	7,500	85	65	20	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	9,700	9,320	110	65	205	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	130	135	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,115	2,035	45	25	15	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,775	3,715	50	0	15	50
54. History	4,225	4,120	65	15	25	75
55. French language and literature/letters	805	610	120	75	0	155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	75,070	72,895	1,250	560	365	1,530
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	855	820	20	10	10	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,260	9,080	130	25	25	140
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,380	9,045	185	45	105	205
22. Legal professions and studies	14,125	13,675	230	170	50	320
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	960	935	30	0	0	30
42. Psychology	11,875	11,635	175	45	15	200
45. Social sciences	28,610	27,710	475	265	160	610
Business, management and public administration	163,090	158,635	3,075	780	600	3,470
30.16 Accounting and computer science	210	215	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,105	7,955	90	35	25	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	154,770	150,465	2,985	750	575	3,360
Physical and life sciences and technologies	36,430	35,075	805	315	235	960
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,375	10,975	280	90	40	320
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,890	6,700	95	40	55	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	325	295	25	15	0	25
40. Physical sciences	16,220	15,515	390	170	140	475
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,615	1,590	25	0	0	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30,315	29,405	535	235	140	650
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,725	24,050	440	140	90	510
25. Library science	1,650	1,605	25	15	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,615	3,455	60	60	45	90
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	325	295	10	20	0	20
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	172,005	166,815	3,195	970	1,015	3,680
04. Architecture and related services	5,990	5,830	105	45	0	130
14. Engineering	64,160	61,810	1,095	685	570	1,440
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	33,195	32,455	495	95	150	545
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	30	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	29,180	28,320	675	65	115	705
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,570	25,895	505	50	115	530
48. Precision production	12,875	12,465	320	30	60	340
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,085	12,680	215	55	135	240
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,470	7,205	115	35	115	135
03. Natural resources and conservation	5,615	5,480	100	20	20	110
Health and related fields	100,060	97,685	1,450	480	445	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	8,405	8,215	135	20	30	145
51. Health professions and related programs	88,880	86,780	1,265	435	405	1,480
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,775	2,690	50	20	15	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,175	28,990	720	160	300	800
12. Personal and culinary services	19,460	18,655	435	120	250	495
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	130	120	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	210	190	10	0	10	10
43. Security and protective services	4,675	4,525	120	15	10	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,700	5,490	160	25	25	170
Other	75	75	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	70	70	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	1,197,280	1,147,480	20,110	6,045	23,640	23,135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	479,125	451,185	6,620	1,815	19,510	7,530
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	718,155	696,295	13,490	4,230	4,135	15,605
Location of study inside Canada	544,245	531,360	10,950	1,695	230	11,800
Same as province or territory of residence	378,560	373,450	4,010	910	190	4,465
Different than province or territory of residence	165,685	157,910	6,945	790	40	7,335
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	173,915	164,930	2,540	2,535	3,910	3,800
United States^Footnote 130	22,765	22,425	260	75	0	300
Philippines	29,045	28,965	35	10	35	40
India	19,675	19,230	0	45	400	25
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	15,985	15,840	90	45	10	115
China^Footnote 132	12,010	10,245	10	30	1,730	20
France	1,250	315	840	95	0	890
Other	73,175	67,910	1,305	2,230	1,735	2,415
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	1,197,280	1,147,480	20,110	6,050	23,645	not applicable ...
In the labour force	874,540	847,340	15,155	4,460	7,590	not applicable ...
Employed	793,590	769,085	13,895	3,855	6,755	not applicable ...
Unemployed	80,950	78,255	1,260	600	835	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	322,740	300,145	4,960	1,590	16,050	not applicable ...
Participation rate	73.0	73.8	75.4	73.7	32.1	not applicable ...
Employment rate	66.3	67.0	69.1	63.7	28.6	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	9.3	9.2	8.3	13.5	11.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	1,197,280	1,147,480	20,110	6,050	23,645	23,135
Did not work^Footnote 135	292,620	271,005	4,420	1,470	15,730	5,155
Worked	904,660	876,480	15,695	4,580	7,915	17,980
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	452,735	440,210	8,000	1,755	2,770	8,880
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	451,925	436,270	7,690	2,820	5,150	9,100
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.6	42.7	38.8	40.1	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	929,720	900,535	16,080	4,765	8,340	18,460
a.Management	104,575	101,945	1,900	365	360	2,085
00 Senior management occupations	12,445	12,100	260	65	15	295
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	34,550	33,730	645	170	10	730
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	32,415	31,580	555	75	200	595
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	25,165	24,535	435	60	130	465
b.Professional	195,235	190,165	3,800	1,085	185	4,340
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	43,040	42,120	705	195	20	805
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	60,185	58,775	970	395	50	1,170
30 Professional occupations in nursing	15,510	15,240	225	40	0	245
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	13,740	13,405	250	70	15	285
40 Professional occupations in education services	29,300	27,925	1,085	245	40	1,210
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	25,705	25,135	425	110	40	480
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	7,750	7,565	140	35	15	155
c.Technical and paraprofessional	91,070	88,960	1,460	460	195	1,685
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	35,725	34,960	540	190	35	630
32 Technical occupations in health	16,925	16,600	220	45	60	240
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	15,040	14,540	285	145	65	360
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	5,125	5,020	90	15	0	95
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	18,255	17,835	320	70	35	355
d.Administration and administrative support	119,160	116,465	1,785	570	340	2,070
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	51,135	49,975	840	225	95	950
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	10,080	9,870	160	40	15	175
14 Office support occupations	41,630	40,735	495	250	150	620
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	16,315	15,880	290	60	85	320
e.Sales	92,065	89,970	1,065	520	505	1,325
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	22,220	21,875	225	90	30	275
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	43,390	42,435	505	260	185	645
66 Sales support occupations	26,450	25,665	330	165	295	415
f.Personal and customer information services	154,195	146,475	2,510	1,050	4,155	3,040
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	12,830	12,535	165	110	20	220
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	18,285	17,530	370	105	285	420
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	27,440	25,705	415	165	1,155	500
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	46,375	44,530	970	325	545	1,130
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	49,265	46,180	585	350	2,150	760
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	74,040	71,285	1,720	285	745	1,865
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	52,565	50,300	1,360	225	690	1,470
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	21,470	20,990	360	65	55	395
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	59,700	57,530	1,235	290	650	1,380
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	14,230	13,700	285	65	175	320
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	32,025	31,025	605	165	230	685
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	13,450	12,800	345	55	240	380
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	17,600	17,190	260	45	100	285
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	6,140	6,015	100	15	10	110
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	3,550	3,505	25	0	25	20
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	7,915	7,675	140	30	70	155
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	22,090	20,550	345	95	1,100	395
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	5,545	5,390	115	20	20	120
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,205	5,725	120	30	330	135
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	4,260	3,960	25	15	260	30
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	6,075	5,470	90	25	490	105
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	929,720	900,535	16,080	4,765	8,340	18,460
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,090	8,900	75	15	105	80
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	7,850	7,705	35	15	95	35
113 Forestry and logging	280	270	0	0	0	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	50	50	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	915	875	35	0	0	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	57,855	56,680	875	245	55	995
211 Oil and gas extraction	37,590	36,905	515	145	25	590
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	900	885	10	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	19,370	18,890	355	95	35	395
22 Utilities	9,885	9,680	135	45	20	160
221 Utilities	9,880	9,680	140	40	20	160
23 Construction	87,930	84,545	2,135	385	860	2,325
236 Construction of buildings	24,370	23,355	625	115	275	680
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	10,375	10,085	205	55	30	230
238 Specialty trade contractors	53,185	51,110	1,305	215	555	1,410
31-33 Manufacturing	47,570	45,330	880	240	1,120	1,000
311 Food manufacturing	6,860	6,340	145	40	340	165
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	1,390	1,365	25	0	0	25
313 Textile mills	165	155	10	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	255	225	10	0	25	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	425	350	20	0	55	20
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	45	35	10	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	2,195	2,100	65	0	30	65
322 Paper manufacturing	820	770	25	15	10	35
323 Printing and related support activities	2,310	2,265	20	0	20	20
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	3,005	2,905	65	25	10	80
325 Chemical manufacturing	2,590	2,515	85	0	0	80
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,880	1,765	20	20	70	30
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	2,780	2,690	55	20	15	65
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,260	1,190	30	0	40	25
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	5,960	5,730	95	30	110	110
333 Machinery manufacturing	4,965	4,735	70	35	115	90
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	2,725	2,660	45	15	10	55
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	1,250	1,190	20	0	40	20
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,425	1,400	15	10	0	20
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	2,905	2,675	30	10	200	25
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	2,370	2,275	50	20	25	60
41 Wholesale trade	32,720	31,715	575	90	345	615
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	615	575	10	0	20	15
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	2,580	2,480	90	10	0	95
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	4,790	4,495	80	20	195	95
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	2,980	2,890	35	10	45	40
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,610	1,575	30	0	0	30
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	5,910	5,790	115	10	0	120
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	9,570	9,395	135	25	15	150
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	3,525	3,390	50	10	70	55
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	1,150	1,130	25	0	0	20
44-45 Retail trade	103,935	101,230	1,280	610	820	1,585
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	12,010	11,815	150	35	10	170
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	4,110	4,015	55	15	30	65
443 Electronics and appliance stores	4,215	4,130	35	35	10	55
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	6,875	6,715	70	35	45	90
445 Food and beverage stores	24,225	23,295	270	155	500	350
446 Health and personal care stores	7,980	7,790	100	60	35	130
447 Gasoline stations	3,510	3,405	65	15	25	70
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	13,300	12,920	190	140	55	255
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	6,660	6,570	60	25	0	75
452 General merchandise stores	11,995	11,745	140	50	60	165
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	5,620	5,460	95	35	35	110
454 Non-store retailers	3,435	3,370	55	0	10	55
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	51,220	49,305	1,295	295	325	1,440
481 Air transportation	9,545	8,975	515	55	0	545
482 Rail transportation	2,245	2,185	55	10	0	55
483 Water transportation	55	60	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	12,385	11,900	260	70	150	295
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	6,715	6,530	105	55	25	130
486 Pipeline transportation	4,105	4,065	25	15	0	30
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	85	85	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	5,275	5,140	80	30	30	95
491 Postal service	2,515	2,445	60	10	0	70
492 Couriers and messengers	3,320	3,200	70	30	25	85
493 Warehousing and storage	4,985	4,745	115	40	85	140
51 Information and cultural industries	17,760	17,355	285	100	25	335
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	2,515	2,465	35	10	10	35
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	2,545	2,510	25	10	10	25
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,230	1,210	25	0	0	25
517 Telecommunications	8,595	8,350	180	60	0	210
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	710	695	0	10	0	10
519 Other information services	2,160	2,115	30	15	0	40
52 Finance and insurance	32,475	31,765	490	200	20	590
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	14,375	14,050	210	110	0	265
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	7,740	7,530	150	50	0	175
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	10,130	9,950	130	40	15	150
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	230	230	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	18,700	18,340	235	50	65	265
531 Real estate	15,310	15,015	195	45	55	215
532 Rental and leasing services	3,245	3,180	45	10	15	50
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	145	150	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	95,140	92,920	1,490	515	225	1,745
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	95,140	92,915	1,485	515	220	1,750
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,195	4,050	110	30	0	130
551 Management of companies and enterprises	4,195	4,050	110	30	0	130
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	40,010	37,860	750	270	1,125	890
561 Administrative and support services	37,680	35,565	730	270	1,115	865
562 Waste management and remediation services	2,325	2,295	20	0	10	25
61 Educational services	58,425	56,100	1,755	440	130	1,975
611 Educational services	58,425	56,100	1,755	440	135	1,975
62 Health care and social assistance	97,255	95,070	1,345	465	370	1,575
621 Ambulatory health care services	39,675	38,965	520	105	85	570
622 Hospitals	25,505	25,050	330	110	10	390
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	13,605	13,290	175	85	55	215
624 Social assistance	18,470	17,770	320	165	215	405
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	23,600	23,040	345	90	120	395
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	6,990	6,840	100	35	15	120
712 Heritage institutions	1,220	1,170	50	0	0	50
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	15,390	15,030	195	60	105	225
72 Accommodation and food services	65,915	62,775	815	390	1,930	1,010
721 Accommodation services	7,705	7,355	170	60	115	200
722 Food services and drinking places	58,210	55,415	645	330	1,815	810
81 Other services (except public administration)	40,470	39,200	485	155	635	565
811 Repair and maintenance	11,765	11,500	125	60	85	150
812 Personal and laundry services	13,815	13,250	160	55	350	185
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	9,470	9,275	130	20	45	140
814 Private households	5,425	5,175	75	25	150	85
91 Public administration	35,570	34,670	715	145	45	790
911 Federal government public administration	7,670	7,310	325	25	10	340
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	6,955	6,780	140	25	10	155
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	20,700	20,345	245	85	25	285
914 Aboriginal public administration	150	155	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	95	80	10	10	0	10
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	793,590	769,085	13,895	3,855	6,755	15,825
Worked at home	59,955	58,285	1,150	235	290	1,265
Worked outside Canada	3,425	3,245	75	40	65	95
No fixed workplace address	111,415	106,880	2,650	560	1,320	2,935
Worked at usual place	618,800	600,680	10,020	3,025	5,075	11,530
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	929,720	900,535	16,080	4,765	8,340	18,460
English	907,140	885,735	13,830	4,220	3,355	15,945
French	2,245	815	1,355	70	0	1,390
Non-official language	10,045	5,650	40	70	4,280	75
Aboriginal	50	50	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	9,995	5,600	40	70	4,280	75
English and French	1,770	740	770	255	0	895
English and non-official language	8,355	7,510	55	105	685	105
French and non-official language	20	0	10	0	10	10
English, French and non-official language	150	85	25	35	10	45
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	929,715	900,530	16,085	4,765	8,340	18,465
None	889,705	867,650	11,640	3,895	6,520	13,585
English	5,470	3,685	945	80	765	990
French	8,545	4,870	3,305	365	10	3,490
Non-official language	25,305	23,855	100	305	1,045	250
Aboriginal	140	130	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	25,170	23,725	100	300	1,045	250
English and French	20	10	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	115	105	0	10	10	0
French and non-official language	560	360	90	100	0	140
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	618,800	600,680	10,020	3,025	5,075	11,535
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	517,695	501,905	8,360	2,790	4,645	9,760
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	85,290	83,360	1,385	170	375	1,470
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,065	11,775	210	30	55	225
Commute to a different province or territory	3,745	3,645	70	35	10	80
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	730,215	707,560	12,675	3,585	6,400	14,465
Car, truck, van - as a driver	538,540	523,320	9,350	2,240	3,630	10,470
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	36,820	35,165	515	240	900	635
Public transit	99,265	95,205	1,680	780	1,595	2,075
Walked	33,950	32,970	565	230	185	680
Bicycle	10,500	10,125	320	50	15	345
Other method	11,135	10,775	245	45	70	270
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	730,215	707,560	12,670	3,590	6,395	14,465
Less than 15 minutes	136,275	132,730	2,150	490	910	2,390
15 to 29 minutes	288,215	279,520	4,950	1,480	2,260	5,690
30 to 44 minutes	193,110	186,725	3,430	965	1,985	3,915
45 to 59 minutes	65,965	63,805	1,190	375	600	1,375
60 minutes and over	46,650	44,775	955	280	640	1,095
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	730,215	707,560	12,675	3,585	6,395	14,465
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	51,280	49,510	1,085	200	490	1,185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	152,390	147,780	2,835	670	1,105	3,170
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	212,765	206,775	4,085	1,005	895	4,590
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	128,640	124,960	2,165	685	830	2,505
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	78,365	75,320	1,025	385	1,635	1,215
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	106,780	103,215	1,485	635	1,440	1,805
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	1,460,035	1,401,980	22,440	7,465	28,150	26,170
Non-movers	1,232,685	1,186,270	17,810	5,885	22,725	20,755
Movers	227,350	215,715	4,630	1,575	5,430	5,420
Non-migrants	158,390	151,905	2,960	1,110	2,410	3,515
Migrants	68,960	63,810	1,670	465	3,020	1,905
Internal migrants	46,830	44,775	1,440	260	360	1,565
Intraprovincial migrants	29,785	28,965	580	60	185	605
Interprovincial migrants	17,050	15,815	865	195	180	960
External migrants	22,125	19,025	230	205	2,655	340
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	1,383,920	1,330,225	21,825	7,300	24,570	25,475
Non-movers	747,715	722,270	9,895	2,890	12,655	11,340
Movers	636,210	607,950	11,935	4,410	11,915	14,135
Non-migrants	370,660	358,330	5,310	1,910	5,105	6,265
Migrants	265,545	249,625	6,620	2,495	6,810	7,865
Internal migrants	171,965	164,625	5,035	1,285	1,020	5,675
Intraprovincial migrants	88,185	86,200	1,400	225	355	1,510
Interprovincial migrants	83,785	78,425	3,640	1,060	660	4,170
External migrants	93,580	84,995	1,585	1,215	5,790	2,185

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Division No. 6

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.