Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Abbotsford, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	138,555	129,225	1,055	525	7,760	1,315
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	138,555	129,220	1,050	520	7,755	1,315
0 to 14 years	25,940	24,605	75	195	1,065	175
0 to 4 years	8,450	7,480	30	0	940	25
5 to 9 years	8,985	8,785	40	60	95	70
10 to 14 years	8,510	8,335	10	135	30	75
15 to 64 years	90,365	85,660	675	310	3,715	835
15 to 19 years	8,905	8,725	30	110	45	80
20 to 24 years	9,150	8,990	65	25	65	75
25 to 29 years	9,275	9,055	50	15	155	55
30 to 34 years	9,615	9,285	30	30	270	45
35 to 39 years	8,885	8,465	65	20	340	70
40 to 44 years	8,640	8,185	40	35	385	60
45 to 49 years	9,020	8,670	50	25	275	65
50 to 54 years	9,255	8,730	120	15	385	130
55 to 59 years	9,270	8,455	95	25	690	105
60 to 64 years	8,365	7,100	140	15	1,110	145
65 years and over	22,245	18,960	295	20	2,980	305
65 to 69 years	7,590	6,475	90	10	1,015	95
70 to 74 years	5,345	4,475	65	0	805	65
75 to 79 years	4,075	3,420	70	10	580	65
80 to 84 years	2,920	2,530	30	10	355	30
85 years and over	2,325	2,055	40	0	220	45
85 to 89 years	1,605	1,410	30	0	160	30
90 to 94 years	560	515	10	0	35	10
95 to 99 years	140	120	0	0	20	0
100 years and over	15	15	0	0	10	0
Average age	39.4	38.5	51.3	26.5	52.9	not applicable ...
Median age	38.7	37.4	55.2	18.3	61.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	112,615	104,620	975	330	6,695	1,140
Married or living common law	69,100	63,205	620	155	5,115	700
Married	62,290	56,550	515	155	5,070	590
Living common law	6,810	6,655	110	0	45	105
Not married and not living common law	43,510	41,415	350	175	1,570	440
Never married	28,465	27,970	135	165	200	220
Separated	2,995	2,750	35	0	210	35
Divorced	6,310	6,065	90	10	140	95
Widowed	5,745	4,630	95	0	1,030	90
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	112,615	104,620	975	330	6,690	1,140
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	108,065	100,285	960	290	6,540	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,098	41,510	48,267	27,446	17,799	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,762	31,538	35,848	17,971	15,003	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	108,170	100,380	960	285	6,545	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,326	35,442	40,333	24,318	16,767	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,291	28,842	32,537	17,948	14,777	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,565	90,575	875	250	3,860	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,099	40,051	45,772	28,160	15,977	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,371	29,565	29,681	19,877	10,818	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	77,685	70,725	695	160	6,110	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,682	7,566	9,004	4,619	8,956	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,752	5,399	9,789	722	8,464	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	82,440	78,235	690	245	3,275	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,890	38,727	44,808	25,584	17,365	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,614	29,747	33,338	16,173	11,648	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	86.2	87.1	86.9	91.8	53.0	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	72.1	72.8	66.4	80.1	48.9	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	13.8	12.9	13.5	9.4	47.0	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	112,615	104,620	975	325	6,690	1,135
Without total income	4,545	4,335	15	45	150	35
With total income	108,070	100,280	965	290	6,540	1,100
Percentage with total income	96.0	95.9	99.0	89.2	97.8	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,875	14,360	100	90	1,330	140
$10,000 to $19,999	21,935	18,215	170	65	3,480	200
$20,000 to $29,999	16,585	15,470	165	25	935	175
$30,000 to $39,999	13,040	12,495	100	45	400	125
$40,000 to $49,999	10,580	10,260	95	20	205	105
$50,000 to $59,999	8,215	8,060	80	0	75	80
$60,000 to $69,999	5,735	5,615	50	20	45	55
$70,000 to $79,999	4,415	4,335	50	0	25	55
$80,000 to $89,999	3,430	3,355	45	0	20	50
$90,000 to $99,999	2,260	2,220	30	0	15	30
$100,000 and over	5,995	5,890	80	0	15	90
$100,000 to $149,999	4,430	4,375	45	0	10	50
$150,000 and over	1,560	1,515	45	0	10	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	112,610	104,620	975	330	6,690	1,140
Without after-tax income	4,440	4,240	15	45	145	35
With after-tax income	108,170	100,380	960	290	6,545	1,105
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	95.9	98.5	87.9	97.8	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,420	14,885	105	90	1,345	150
$10,000 to $19,999	23,080	19,225	180	65	3,600	210
$20,000 to $29,999	19,120	17,955	170	25	965	185
$30,000 to $39,999	15,070	14,535	135	45	355	160
$40,000 to $49,999	11,345	11,055	115	15	155	120
$50,000 to $59,999	7,700	7,560	75	10	55	85
$60,000 to $69,999	5,485	5,385	50	15	40	55
$70,000 to $79,999	3,660	3,600	45	0	15	50
$80,000 and over	6,295	6,175	90	10	20	95
$80,000 to $89,999	2,175	2,145	20	0	10	20
$90,000 to $99,999	1,385	1,370	10	10	0	15
$100,000 and over	2,730	2,665	55	0	0	60
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	112,615	104,620	975	330	6,690	1,140
Without employment income	30,170	26,380	290	85	3,415	330
With employment income	82,445	78,235	690	240	3,280	810
Percentage with employment income	73.2	74.8	70.8	72.7	49.0	71.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,985	11,460	125	70	335	155
$5,000 to $9,999	7,575	6,600	55	20	895	70
$10,000 to $19,999	12,795	11,540	95	45	1,120	120
$20,000 to $29,999	10,225	9,750	60	20	390	75
$30,000 to $39,999	8,820	8,505	40	25	245	50
$40,000 to $49,999	8,000	7,765	55	15	165	65
$50,000 to $59,999	6,085	5,970	60	15	45	70
$60,000 to $69,999	4,325	4,245	30	15	35	40
$70,000 to $79,999	3,520	3,460	40	0	15	45
$80,000 and over	9,115	8,945	125	15	35	135
$80,000 to $89,999	2,800	2,735	40	0	20	45
$90,000 to $99,999	1,865	1,830	30	0	0	30
$100,000 and over	4,455	4,375	60	10	10	65
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	112,615	104,620	975	330	6,690	1,135
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	33,705	32,865	285	55	495	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	49,454	49,858	60,988	56,324	27,259	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	57,017	57,322	67,879	50,478	31,415	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	138,555	129,225	1,055	525	7,760	1,315
English only	124,485	124,480	0	0	0	0
French only	55	0	55	0	0	50
English and French	6,205	4,685	995	525	0	1,255
Neither English nor French	7,815	55	10	0	7,755	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	138,555	129,225	1,055	525	7,755	1,315
English	101,550	100,785	765	0	0	765
French	220	35	185	0	0	190
Non-official language	28,355	20,095	55	455	7,755	275
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	28,355	20,095	50	450	7,755	280
English and French	100	55	20	15	0	30
English and non-official language	8,200	8,190	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	20	0	10	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	115	60	0	55	0	25
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	138,555	129,225	1,050	525	7,755	1,315
None	120,135	111,855	540	210	7,525	645
English	8,765	8,285	105	235	135	225
French	900	590	305	0	0	310
Non-official language	8,590	8,385	70	40	90	90
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	8,580	8,385	75	35	95	90
English and French	35	10	0	25	0	15
English and non-official language	70	55	10	10	10	10
French and non-official language	55	35	20	0	0	20
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	138,555	129,220	1,055	520	7,755	1,315
English	88,530	88,525	0	0	0	10
French	1,095	170	920	0	0	925
Non-official language	45,775	37,460	65	495	7,755	310
Aboriginal	35	35	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	45,740	37,425	65	490	7,755	310
English and French	180	150	0	25	0	20
English and non-official language	2,890	2,890	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	80	25	55	0	0	50
English, French and non-official language	15	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	138,555	129,225	1,050	525	7,755	1,315
Official languages	130,740	129,165	1,045	525	0	1,305
English	130,685	129,165	990	525	0	1,255
French	6,255	4,685	1,050	525	0	1,305
Non-official languages	53,270	44,750	250	515	7,755	510
Aboriginal languages	45	45	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	53,225	44,710	250	520	7,755	505
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	138,555	129,225	1,055	520	7,755	1,315
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	6,600	6,535	55	10	0	55
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	6,305	6,245	55	0	0	55
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	3,180	3,180	10	0	0	0
Métis	3,100	3,045	50	0	0	55
Inuk (Inuit)	20	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	195	195	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	105	100	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	131,960	122,685	995	520	7,755	1,260
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	138,555	129,225	1,050	520	7,755	1,310
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	1,615	1,600	15	0	0	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	136,935	127,620	1,040	525	7,755	1,300
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	138,555	129,225	1,055	520	7,755	1,315
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	825	815	15	0	0	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	780	760	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	510	505	0	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	265	260	10	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	50	50	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	50	50	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	6,440	6,350	85	0	0	85
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	6,200	6,110	85	0	0	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,740	3,705	35	0	0	40
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,415	2,360	50	0	0	50
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	50	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	240	240	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	245	240	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	131,280	122,055	950	520	7,755	1,210
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	138,555	129,225	1,050	520	7,755	1,315
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	125,245	119,265	1,010	455	4,510	1,235
Canadian citizens only	121,330	115,680	945	410	4,300	1,150
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	3,920	3,585	60	50	215	85
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	13,310	9,960	45	70	3,240	75
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	138,555	129,225	1,055	520	7,755	1,315
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	98,295	96,175	840	290	990	990
Immigrants^Footnote 42	38,220	31,225	195	215	6,575	305
Before 1981	9,235	8,815	60	15	345	70
1981 to 1990	4,315	3,605	45	25	635	60
1991 to 2000	8,485	6,445	10	50	1,985	30
2001 to 2010	10,755	8,510	50	90	2,105	95
2001 to 2005	5,190	4,095	25	60	1,015	55
2006 to 2010	5,560	4,415	25	30	1,090	40
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	5,435	3,850	25	45	1,515	45
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	2,035	1,815	15	10	185	20
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	38,220	31,230	200	220	6,580	305
Under 5 years	2,695	2,600	15	15	70	25
5 to 14 years	5,220	5,045	55	55	60	85
15 to 24 years	11,220	10,215	30	15	965	40
25 to 44 years	12,575	11,085	75	120	1,295	135
45 years and over	6,510	2,280	20	10	4,195	25
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	38,220	31,230	195	220	6,580	305
Americas	3,585	3,455	35	45	50	55
Brazil	190	190	0	0	0	0
Colombia	100	75	10	15	0	15
El Salvador	235	190	10	15	20	15
Guyana	30	35	0	0	0	0
Haiti	55	45	10	0	0	10
Jamaica	95	95	0	0	0	0
Mexico	175	165	0	10	0	0
Peru	30	25	0	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	55	50	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,420	1,415	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	1,200	1,170	0	10	25	0
Europe	7,345	7,115	75	80	70	115
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	60	0	0	10	0
Croatia	35	35	0	0	0	0
France	65	20	45	0	0	45
Germany	815	805	0	0	10	0
Greece	60	60	0	0	0	0
Hungary	125	110	0	0	15	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	80	75	0	0	0	0
Italy	160	145	10	0	0	10
Netherlands	1,145	1,145	0	10	0	0
Poland	335	325	0	10	0	10
Portugal	30	30	0	0	0	0
Romania	250	195	10	40	10	30
Russian Federation	315	295	0	10	10	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	35	30	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	395	385	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	2,480	2,475	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	965	940	10	10	15	10
Africa	980	910	40	25	10	50
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	40	35	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kenya	115	115	0	0	0	0
Morocco	25	15	10	0	0	10
Nigeria	50	45	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	320	310	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	410	355	30	15	10	40
Asia	25,810	19,255	50	65	6,440	80
Afghanistan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	10	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	660	495	0	10	165	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	110	110	0	0	0	0
India	20,395	14,520	15	15	5,845	25
Iran^Footnote 53	90	85	0	0	0	0
Iraq	135	125	0	10	10	0
Japan	155	155	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	760	680	0	10	65	0
Lebanon	30	20	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	210	170	0	0	35	0
Philippines	1,240	1,235	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	70	65	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	105	35	0	0	70	10
Taiwan	145	115	0	0	25	0
Viet Nam	640	490	0	0	145	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,020	910	20	25	65	35
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	505	490	0	0	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	5,435	3,855	25	45	1,515	50
Americas	335	300	15	10	20	20
Brazil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	45	0	0	0	0
Mexico	40	35	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	120	125	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	65	10	0	15	10
Europe	275	250	0	10	10	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	35	30	0	10	0	0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	25	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	100	100	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	65	65	0	0	0	0
Africa	175	145	15	15	0	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	10	0	0	10
Nigeria	40	40	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	20	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	70	0	15	0	0
Asia	4,595	3,105	0	10	1,485	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	125	100	0	0	30	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	3,540	2,220	0	0	1,325	0
Iran^Footnote 65	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	15	10	0	0	10	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	40	35	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	215	185	0	0	35	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	10	0
Nepal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	25	0	0	10	0
Philippines	405	400	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	10	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	95	20	0	0	70	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	35	25	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	45	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	55	50	0	0	10	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	50	45	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	138,555	129,225	1,055	520	7,755	1,315
First generation^Footnote 71	41,185	33,945	215	235	6,790	325
Second generation^Footnote 72	37,205	35,845	135	265	955	270
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	60,170	59,430	705	25	10	715
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	29,485	22,845	140	205	6,285	245
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	7,295	6,790	75	125	300	140
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	2,865	2,655	25	45	135	50
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	4,430	4,130	55	80	165	95
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	20,135	14,340	40	45	5,705	65
Refugees^Footnote 79	1,975	1,640	20	35	280	35
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	80	75	0	0	10	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	138,555	129,225	1,050	525	7,755	1,315
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	46,640	38,490	170	390	7,580	370
South Asian^Footnote 83	35,315	28,225	40	235	6,805	160
Chinese	2,290	1,990	10	15	285	10
Black	1,410	1,355	50	0	0	50
Filipino	1,570	1,570	0	0	0	0
Latin American	1,120	975	20	55	70	45
Arab	335	235	0	15	85	15
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	1,540	1,340	25	25	150	40
West Asian^Footnote 85	210	205	10	10	0	10
Korean	1,335	1,200	0	10	130	10
Japanese	510	490	0	0	20	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	235	200	0	15	0	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	755	710	15	10	25	15
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	91,920	90,735	875	135	175	945
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	138,555	129,225	1,050	525	7,755	1,310
North American Aboriginal origins	7,275	7,170	105	0	0	100
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,540	4,495	40	0	0	45
Inuit	50	45	0	0	0	0
Métis	2,975	2,910	60	10	0	65
Other North American origins	27,345	26,870	320	15	145	325
Acadian	115	105	15	0	0	15
American	1,945	1,925	25	0	0	20
Canadian	26,050	25,580	315	15	145	320
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	25	25	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	84,035	82,880	835	160	155	915
British Isles origins	48,945	48,740	175	20	10	185
Channel Islander	10	15	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	0	0
English	30,285	30,230	40	20	0	45
Irish	16,395	16,305	85	0	0	90
Manx	25	25	0	0	0	0
Scottish	21,760	21,705	50	0	10	45
Welsh	2,610	2,610	0	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	3,115	3,090	20	0	0	25
French origins	10,280	9,545	720	15	0	725
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	10,280	9,545	715	15	0	725
Western European origins (except French origins)	37,805	37,675	65	40	25	85
Austrian	1,420	1,405	0	10	0	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	415	410	0	10	0	10
Dutch	13,735	13,710	10	15	10	10
Flemish	100	100	0	0	0	0
Frisian	100	100	0	0	0	0
German	26,650	26,560	50	20	20	60
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	905	895	10	0	0	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	9,795	9,780	10	10	10	10
Danish	1,815	1,815	0	0	0	0
Finnish	1,010	1,005	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	670	675	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	3,870	3,870	0	0	0	0
Swedish	3,150	3,140	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	340	335	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	18,795	18,585	45	85	85	85
Bulgarian	95	90	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	65	55	0	0	10	0
Czech	345	345	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	220	220	0	0	0	0
Estonian	180	185	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,930	1,905	10	10	10	10
Latvian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	125	120	0	10	0	0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0	10	0
Polish	4,370	4,350	10	10	10	10
Romanian	930	865	10	45	10	30
Russian	6,490	6,435	10	10	35	15
Slovak	150	150	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	7,055	7,010	10	10	25	15
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	70	70	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	6,635	6,475	85	35	40	100
Albanian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	100	95	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	310	310	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	25	25	0	0	0	0
Greek	605	600	0	0	0	0
Italian	3,410	3,330	55	25	10	65
Kosovar	45	50	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maltese	70	70	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	635	625	10	0	0	10
Serbian	130	120	0	0	10	0
Sicilian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Spanish	1,460	1,395	20	30	20	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	135	130	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	900	880	15	0	0	15
Basque	30	30	0	0	0	0
Jewish	360	355	0	0	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	485	475	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	735	720	15	0	10	15
Antiguan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	50	40	0	0	10	0
Dominican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	100	90	15	0	0	10
Jamaican	350	355	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	110	110	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	65	65	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,345	2,170	30	60	90	60
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	75	60	10	0	0	15
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	225	225	10	0	0	10
Chilean	105	110	0	0	0	0
Colombian	155	125	0	20	0	15
Costa Rican	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	105	75	0	0	20	0
Guyanese	25	25	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	80	75	0	0	0	10
Honduran	40	35	0	10	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	625	575	10	0	35	10
Nicaraguan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	315	315	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	385	325	10	25	20	20
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	50	45	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	165	165	0	0	0	0
African origins	1,700	1,615	65	10	10	65
Central and West African origins	160	130	25	10	0	30
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	15	0	10	0	0	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	20	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	25	20	0	0	0	0
North African origins	295	280	0	10	0	10
Algerian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	30	30	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	65	55	10	0	0	10
Sudanese	135	130	0	10	0	0
Tunisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	545	535	10	0	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	85	85	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
South African	310	305	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	75	75	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	755	725	25	0	10	30
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	65	60	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	695	665	25	0	10	25
Asian origins	44,115	36,235	85	310	7,475	245
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,125	990	15	25	95	30
Afghan	85	80	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	80	60	0	0	20	0
Armenian	120	105	0	0	10	0
Assyrian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	195	190	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	120	110	0	10	0	0
Israeli	75	70	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	20	20	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	10	10	0	0
Lebanese	100	95	0	10	0	10
Palestinian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Syrian	100	50	0	0	50	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turk	105	95	10	10	0	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	15	20	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	70	50	0	0	15	0
South Asian origins	35,080	28,000	45	240	6,795	165
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	30,835	24,595	40	225	5,980	155
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	370	335	0	0	35	0
Punjabi	4,900	3,780	0	40	1,075	25
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	95	90	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	25	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	430	370	0	0	60	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	7,950	7,285	30	45	590	55
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	70	65	0	0	10	0
Chinese	2,970	2,665	0	15	290	10
Filipino	1,750	1,740	10	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Japanese	570	555	0	0	15	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,345	1,205	0	10	130	0
Laotian	465	405	25	10	30	30
Malaysian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	55	35	0	0	20	0
Thai	150	135	0	0	10	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,040	925	0	10	105	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	45	40	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	85	75	0	0	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	85	75	0	0	10	0
Oceania origins	845	835	0	0	0	0
Australian	370	370	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	75	75	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	415	405	0	0	0	0
Fijian	265	260	0	0	10	0
Hawaiian	70	75	0	0	0	0
Maori	35	35	0	0	0	0
Samoan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	112,615	104,620	975	330	6,690	1,140
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,335	19,295	140	60	4,830	175
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	38,085	36,340	280	70	1,395	315
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,200	48,985	550	195	470	655
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,490	9,290	125	10	70	125
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	4,210	4,115	55	0	35	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	5,280	5,175	70	0	35	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,455	17,125	175	55	105	205
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,725	4,625	30	30	45	40
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	18,530	17,945	220	110	255	280
Bachelor's degree	12,175	11,850	110	50	160	135
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,495	1,420	25	20	35	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	710	695	10	10	0	10
Master's degree	3,760	3,610	65	25	55	75
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	400	375	20	10	0	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	112,615	104,615	975	325	6,690	1,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	62,415	55,640	420	135	6,225	485
Education	3,930	3,790	50	25	60	70
13. Education	3,930	3,790	55	25	60	70
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,455	1,410	15	10	25	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	255	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,195	1,155	10	10	25	10
Humanities	4,685	4,505	35	10	135	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	315	280	10	0	25	10
23. English language and literature/letters	660	650	0	0	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,605	1,525	0	0	80	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	260	250	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,205	1,205	0	0	0	0
54. History	530	520	0	0	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	105	80	15	10	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,930	4,830	60	15	25	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	35	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	215	10	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,095	1,070	0	0	10	10
22. Legal professions and studies	790	785	0	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	105	100	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	875	865	15	0	0	15
45. Social sciences	1,810	1,765	30	10	10	40
Business, management and public administration	8,905	8,745	90	25	40	105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	830	800	15	0	10	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,055	7,925	80	20	30	85
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,380	1,340	20	10	15	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	545	535	0	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	480	465	10	0	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	0	10	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	245	235	0	0	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	110	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,615	1,575	20	10	20	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,330	1,295	20	0	15	20
25. Library science	120	115	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	150	0	0	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,925	9,695	120	35	75	140
04. Architecture and related services	150	145	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,435	1,365	25	20	25	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,500	1,475	10	10	10	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,735	2,710	25	0	0	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,820	2,755	35	0	30	35
48. Precision production	1,285	1,240	25	0	10	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,140	1,105	10	10	10	20
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	905	870	10	10	10	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	235	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	8,830	8,670	80	45	35	105
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	545	535	0	0	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	8,090	7,940	80	45	25	100
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	200	200	0	0	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,405	3,315	50	0	30	55
12. Personal and culinary services	2,095	2,035	20	0	35	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	575	565	10	0	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	710	685	15	0	0	20
Other	0	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	112,615	104,620	975	330	6,690	1,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,410	55,635	420	130	6,220	485
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	50,200	48,985	555	195	465	650
Location of study inside Canada	39,685	39,065	465	85	75	510
Same as province or territory of residence	32,630	32,215	265	75	70	305
Different than province or territory of residence	7,055	6,845	200	10	0	205
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	10,515	9,920	85	110	395	145
United States^Footnote 130	1,800	1,775	25	0	0	30
Philippines	620	625	0	0	0	0
India	3,910	3,665	10	10	225	15
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	910	910	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	260	195	0	0	60	0
France	15	0	10	0	0	10
Other	3,000	2,750	40	105	110	95
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	112,615	104,620	975	330	6,690	not applicable ...
In the labour force	73,750	70,275	545	220	2,705	not applicable ...
Employed	68,860	66,175	490	200	2,000	not applicable ...
Unemployed	4,885	4,100	55	20	705	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	38,865	34,340	430	110	3,980	not applicable ...
Participation rate	65.5	67.2	55.9	66.7	40.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	61.1	63.3	50.3	60.6	29.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.6	5.8	10.1	9.1	26.1	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	112,615	104,615	975	330	6,690	1,140
Did not work^Footnote 135	35,900	31,725	380	100	3,695	425
Worked	76,715	72,890	595	235	2,995	710
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	34,675	33,805	285	60	520	320
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	42,040	39,085	310	165	2,480	390
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.8	41.1	35.8	30.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	79,730	75,685	610	245	3,190	735
a.Management	7,980	7,750	55	15	165	60
00 Senior management occupations	555	525	10	10	0	15
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,790	1,765	15	10	0	20
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,675	2,615	10	0	50	10
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,960	2,840	20	0	105	15
b.Professional	9,055	8,840	135	45	40	160
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,590	1,570	20	0	0	20
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,030	985	20	15	10	25
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,220	1,220	10	0	0	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	895	865	15	10	0	25
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,205	2,140	60	10	0	65
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,545	1,525	15	10	0	15
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	565	540	10	10	25	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	6,425	6,355	35	20	15	45
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,795	1,755	20	15	10	30
32 Technical occupations in health	1,310	1,300	0	0	10	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,650	1,640	0	0	10	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	515	515	0	0	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,150	1,145	10	0	0	0
d.Administration and administrative support	9,210	9,075	70	25	40	85
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	3,280	3,225	30	15	10	40
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,105	1,080	15	0	10	15
14 Office support occupations	3,185	3,155	15	0	15	15
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,640	1,610	10	10	15	15
e.Sales	7,740	7,600	30	50	55	55
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,495	1,485	0	0	10	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	3,360	3,305	15	20	20	25
66 Sales support occupations	2,885	2,810	15	30	25	35
f.Personal and customer information services	13,975	13,465	100	40	375	120
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,455	1,440	10	0	10	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,090	2,025	30	10	20	35
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,400	2,290	15	10	85	20
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	3,400	3,285	25	10	80	25
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	4,640	4,420	25	15	180	30
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	7,240	6,965	65	30	180	80
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	4,865	4,660	45	20	140	60
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,375	2,305	20	10	40	25
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	8,220	7,840	70	10	310	70
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,635	1,555	15	0	65	20
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	5,195	4,985	50	0	160	50
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,390	1,300	0	0	85	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,240	3,590	30	0	1,620	35
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	445	425	10	0	10	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	3,170	2,105	10	0	1,055	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	1,625	1,055	15	0	555	15
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,645	4,220	25	10	390	30
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	410	395	0	0	15	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	1,240	1,140	10	0	90	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	715	670	10	0	35	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	2,280	2,010	10	10	255	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	79,735	75,685	615	245	3,190	735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,740	4,990	30	0	1,710	35
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	6,280	4,615	20	0	1,635	25
113 Forestry and logging	105	100	10	0	0	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	25	20	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	330	255	0	0	70	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	290	290	0	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	50	50	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	125	125	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	115	115	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	245	245	0	0	0	0
221 Utilities	245	245	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	7,650	7,305	55	30	265	70
236 Construction of buildings	2,275	2,190	15	0	65	15
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	620	610	15	0	0	15
238 Specialty trade contractors	4,755	4,510	30	20	195	40
31-33 Manufacturing	7,715	7,245	60	35	380	75
311 Food manufacturing	2,005	1,840	15	15	145	20
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	105	100	0	10	0	0
313 Textile mills	25	25	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	20	20	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	20	20	0	0	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	10	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,215	1,065	0	0	145	0
322 Paper manufacturing	65	65	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	170	175	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	35	35	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	200	190	0	0	10	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	400	365	0	0	35	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	430	420	0	0	10	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	150	135	0	0	10	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	880	840	10	10	15	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	390	390	10	0	0	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	105	105	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	70	65	0	10	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	465	450	10	0	0	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	725	710	0	0	0	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	235	235	10	0	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	3,095	2,960	35	20	80	45
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	135	120	0	0	10	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	35	35	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	555	505	10	10	35	15
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	285	265	0	0	10	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	190	190	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	700	680	0	0	10	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	735	710	10	10	10	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	350	340	10	0	10	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	120	115	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	8,635	8,470	30	45	90	50
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,015	1,000	10	0	10	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	380	380	0	0	10	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	340	330	0	0	10	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	605	585	0	10	15	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,850	1,805	0	20	25	0
446 Health and personal care stores	840	840	0	0	10	0
447 Gasoline stations	410	400	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	870	855	10	10	0	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	320	315	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,270	1,240	10	15	10	10
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	520	505	10	0	10	0
454 Non-store retailers	220	215	0	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,520	6,280	70	0	170	70
481 Air transportation	190	185	0	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	195	195	0	0	10	0
483 Water transportation	45	40	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	3,330	3,185	25	0	120	25
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	605	580	10	0	15	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,025	1,000	10	0	15	10
491 Postal service	235	215	10	0	10	10
492 Couriers and messengers	295	295	10	0	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	590	580	0	0	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	1,035	1,020	0	0	15	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	200	200	0	0	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	385	375	0	0	10	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	20	20	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	285	290	0	0	0	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	25	25	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	115	115	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,160	2,145	15	10	0	10
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	995	990	10	0	0	10
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	380	375	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	775	765	10	10	0	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	15	10	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,295	1,270	10	0	15	15
531 Real estate	1,045	1,025	15	0	10	10
532 Rental and leasing services	240	240	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,450	3,395	30	10	15	35
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,450	3,395	30	15	10	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	105	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	105	105	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,690	3,535	35	0	125	35
561 Administrative and support services	3,380	3,220	35	0	120	35
562 Waste management and remediation services	320	315	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	4,835	4,695	100	25	15	115
611 Educational services	4,830	4,695	100	25	15	110
62 Health care and social assistance	7,715	7,600	50	25	35	65
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,310	2,260	20	10	25	25
622 Hospitals	2,280	2,260	10	10	10	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,465	1,445	20	0	0	20
624 Social assistance	1,655	1,640	10	0	10	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	980	955	20	0	10	20
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	295	285	10	0	0	10
712 Heritage institutions	50	45	10	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	625	620	10	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	5,830	5,595	35	25	170	50
721 Accommodation services	460	430	10	0	25	10
722 Food services and drinking places	5,370	5,165	25	30	145	45
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,435	4,290	25	10	110	30
811 Repair and maintenance	1,375	1,320	15	10	40	10
812 Personal and laundry services	1,340	1,285	0	10	45	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,390	1,375	10	0	10	10
814 Private households	330	315	0	0	10	10
91 Public administration	3,320	3,290	20	10	0	20
911 Federal government public administration	1,530	1,515	10	0	0	10
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	590	585	10	0	0	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,170	1,160	0	0	0	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	30	25	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	68,865	66,175	490	205	1,995	595
Worked at home	5,380	5,180	30	0	165	35
Worked outside Canada	295	265	0	15	20	10
No fixed workplace address	12,340	11,645	65	45	595	85
Worked at usual place	50,845	49,085	395	140	1,225	470
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	79,735	75,685	615	245	3,190	740
English	72,435	71,145	540	220	535	645
French	120	75	45	0	0	45
Non-official language	4,770	2,290	15	0	2,470	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,770	2,290	10	0	2,465	10
English and French	90	70	15	0	0	15
English and non-official language	2,305	2,100	0	20	185	10
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	79,735	75,685	610	245	3,190	740
None	73,350	70,140	410	205	2,595	515
English	1,680	1,225	50	10	400	55
French	410	260	140	0	10	140
Non-official language	4,250	4,030	10	35	185	20
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,250	4,025	0	35	185	20
English and French	10	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	20	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	50,850	49,085	395	140	1,225	465
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,390	30,360	240	95	695	290
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,985	3,810	50	10	115	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,215	14,655	105	40	410	120
Commute to a different province or territory	265	265	0	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	63,185	60,730	460	180	1,815	550
Car, truck, van - as a driver	53,455	51,955	370	125	1,000	435
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,955	4,185	50	30	690	60
Public transit	1,435	1,360	20	10	45	25
Walked	2,135	2,080	10	10	35	20
Bicycle	405	400	0	10	0	0
Other method	800	750	0	0	40	10
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	63,185	60,730	460	185	1,815	550
Less than 15 minutes	22,365	21,720	170	50	425	200
15 to 29 minutes	19,665	18,835	140	75	615	175
30 to 44 minutes	10,290	9,725	65	10	490	70
45 to 59 minutes	4,830	4,695	25	10	100	30
60 minutes and over	6,035	5,755	60	35	185	75
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	63,190	60,730	460	185	1,815	550
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,805	6,490	50	25	245	60
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,860	11,290	80	15	470	90
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,710	14,085	140	50	430	165
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,650	11,280	110	35	220	130
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,010	6,755	40	35	180	55
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,160	10,825	40	30	265	55
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	136,935	127,820	1,050	520	7,545	1,310
Non-movers	115,725	108,285	930	435	6,075	1,145
Movers	21,205	19,530	115	90	1,470	165
Non-migrants	11,850	10,990	40	65	755	70
Migrants	9,355	8,540	80	20	710	90
Internal migrants	7,560	7,205	75	10	270	85
Intraprovincial migrants	6,120	5,850	50	10	205	60
Interprovincial migrants	1,440	1,350	25	0	65	25
External migrants	1,800	1,335	10	10	445	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	130,105	121,740	1,025	520	6,815	1,290
Non-movers	73,835	69,570	590	305	3,365	745
Movers	56,270	52,170	440	220	3,445	550
Non-migrants	32,110	30,035	190	115	1,775	245
Migrants	24,160	22,135	250	100	1,675	300
Internal migrants	18,135	17,545	200	65	325	235
Intraprovincial migrants	14,870	14,420	140	55	260	165
Interprovincial migrants	3,265	3,120	65	10	65	70
External migrants	6,030	4,590	45	35	1,355	65

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Abbotsford, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.