Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Surrey, CY
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	511,545	472,235	3,610	2,710	32,980	4,970
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	511,540	472,235	3,615	2,710	32,980	4,970
0 to 14 years	92,480	86,875	290	675	4,635	625
0 to 4 years	28,930	24,820	60	65	3,980	95
5 to 9 years	32,140	31,425	135	145	435	205
10 to 14 years	31,410	30,635	90	465	220	325
15 to 64 years	349,910	330,240	2,515	1,915	15,240	3,470
15 to 19 years	34,080	33,125	160	635	165	475
20 to 24 years	34,930	34,275	175	260	225	305
25 to 29 years	33,660	32,655	225	140	645	290
30 to 34 years	36,320	35,110	165	130	920	230
35 to 39 years	35,860	34,435	205	135	1,080	275
40 to 44 years	36,120	34,250	260	160	1,455	340
45 to 49 years	36,810	34,640	410	105	1,655	460
50 to 54 years	37,490	34,805	320	145	2,220	390
55 to 59 years	34,675	31,145	335	125	3,075	400
60 to 64 years	29,960	25,815	270	75	3,805	305
65 years and over	69,155	55,120	805	125	13,105	865
65 to 69 years	25,315	20,920	290	40	4,060	310
70 to 74 years	17,850	14,400	215	40	3,195	235
75 to 79 years	12,140	9,140	175	20	2,795	185
80 to 84 years	7,880	6,015	65	10	1,790	70
85 years and over	5,980	4,635	65	10	1,265	70
85 to 89 years	4,215	3,290	40	10	880	45
90 to 94 years	1,430	1,115	15	0	295	20
95 to 99 years	285	210	10	0	70	0
100 years and over	45	25	0	0	20	0
Average age	38.6	37.6	47.3	28.7	53.5	not applicable ...
Median age	38.4	37.0	49.3	20.6	60.6	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	419,065	385,360	3,325	2,035	28,345	4,340
Married or living common law	254,260	229,870	2,025	800	21,555	2,430
Married	231,120	207,350	1,680	780	21,305	2,070
Living common law	23,135	22,515	350	20	255	355
Not married and not living common law	164,810	155,490	1,295	1,235	6,785	1,915
Never married	115,195	112,480	730	1,120	870	1,285
Separated	9,810	9,270	105	30	405	120
Divorced	21,235	20,110	265	45	815	290
Widowed	18,565	13,630	200	40	4,700	215
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	419,065	385,360	3,325	2,035	28,345	4,340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	397,880	365,700	3,225	1,610	27,340	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,978	41,664	47,578	31,162	17,052	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,882	32,060	36,950	18,683	14,454	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	398,365	366,175	3,225	1,605	27,355	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,815	35,128	39,537	26,808	15,969	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,223	29,002	33,822	18,595	14,373	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	350,085	329,775	2,880	1,370	16,065	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,195	41,306	46,622	32,960	16,867	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,961	31,204	35,580	20,668	10,977	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	285,325	257,395	2,245	1,130	24,555	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,430	6,274	8,567	4,494	7,953	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,256	3,000	7,603	753	6,333	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	301,705	286,950	2,380	1,190	11,190	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,014	40,751	47,382	33,703	20,233	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,829	31,787	38,204	22,269	14,886	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	88.5	89.4	87.5	90.0	58.1	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	75.9	76.7	73.4	79.9	48.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	11.5	10.6	12.5	10.1	41.9	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	419,065	385,360	3,320	2,040	28,345	4,340
Without total income	21,185	19,655	95	430	1,005	310
With total income	397,880	365,705	3,225	1,605	27,340	4,030
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	97.1	78.7	96.5	92.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	68,740	60,325	470	500	7,445	720
$10,000 to $19,999	77,280	63,385	490	325	13,085	655
$20,000 to $29,999	53,515	49,600	425	160	3,325	510
$30,000 to $39,999	46,740	44,470	305	180	1,785	395
$40,000 to $49,999	39,815	38,600	340	140	735	405
$50,000 to $59,999	30,010	29,245	270	100	395	325
$60,000 to $69,999	22,260	21,710	220	50	280	245
$70,000 to $79,999	16,055	15,730	185	30	115	195
$80,000 to $89,999	11,925	11,650	170	25	80	180
$90,000 to $99,999	8,350	8,215	95	20	20	105
$100,000 and over	23,185	22,780	255	70	80	290
$100,000 to $149,999	16,120	15,850	165	45	65	185
$150,000 and over	7,065	6,930	95	25	15	105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	419,060	385,365	3,320	2,040	28,345	4,345
Without after-tax income	20,695	19,185	95	425	990	310
With after-tax income	398,365	366,175	3,225	1,610	27,355	4,030
Percentage with after-tax income	95.1	95.0	97.1	78.9	96.5	92.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70,935	62,360	505	500	7,565	755
$10,000 to $19,999	80,795	66,550	495	340	13,405	665
$20,000 to $29,999	63,950	59,665	495	230	3,560	610
$30,000 to $39,999	54,635	52,485	395	180	1,575	490
$40,000 to $49,999	42,575	41,400	390	155	630	465
$50,000 to $59,999	29,265	28,580	295	65	325	325
$60,000 to $69,999	19,095	18,665	220	35	180	230
$70,000 to $79,999	13,130	12,915	155	35	30	170
$80,000 and over	23,995	23,555	280	75	85	320
$80,000 to $89,999	7,855	7,725	100	15	15	105
$90,000 to $99,999	4,670	4,570	55	15	25	65
$100,000 and over	11,465	11,250	125	45	35	150
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	419,065	385,365	3,325	2,040	28,345	4,340
Without employment income	117,360	98,410	945	850	17,155	1,370
With employment income	301,705	286,950	2,380	1,190	11,190	2,970
Percentage with employment income	72.0	74.5	71.6	58.3	39.5	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40,335	38,220	410	240	1,470	525
$5,000 to $9,999	24,825	22,590	125	125	1,985	190
$10,000 to $19,999	45,010	41,155	295	200	3,365	390
$20,000 to $29,999	37,235	34,960	175	105	1,990	230
$30,000 to $39,999	34,970	33,425	225	155	1,165	305
$40,000 to $49,999	30,670	29,860	180	95	530	230
$50,000 to $59,999	22,960	22,315	255	90	290	300
$60,000 to $69,999	17,690	17,295	175	55	175	200
$70,000 to $79,999	13,245	12,995	135	30	85	155
$80,000 and over	34,775	34,140	410	90	135	450
$80,000 to $89,999	10,055	9,860	105	25	60	120
$90,000 to $99,999	6,915	6,795	75	20	25	85
$100,000 and over	17,800	17,480	225	50	50	250
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	419,065	385,360	3,320	2,035	28,345	4,340
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	124,610	120,870	1,075	380	2,280	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	50,026	50,391	57,371	49,954	29,274	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	59,318	59,738	66,350	65,970	32,627	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	511,540	472,235	3,610	2,710	32,980	4,970
English only	455,255	455,255	0	0	0	0
French only	205	0	205	0	0	205
English and French	22,755	16,655	3,395	2,705	0	4,740
Neither English nor French	33,325	325	20	0	32,985	20
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	511,540	472,235	3,615	2,710	32,980	4,970
English	303,210	301,160	2,050	0	0	2,050
French	1,095	85	1,005	0	0	1,005
Non-official language	154,455	118,970	170	2,325	32,980	1,330
Aboriginal	30	35	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	154,420	118,945	175	2,330	32,980	1,335
English and French	530	145	235	155	0	315
English and non-official language	51,680	51,630	45	0	0	45
French and non-official language	105	45	55	0	0	55
English, French and non-official language	470	190	45	230	0	165
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	511,545	472,235	3,615	2,715	32,985	4,970
None	393,460	359,000	2,080	1,185	31,195	2,675
English	57,355	54,780	485	1,185	905	1,080
French	2,500	1,715	710	75	10	745
Non-official language	56,560	55,345	250	115	850	305
Aboriginal	125	125	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	56,440	55,225	250	110	855	305
English and French	205	45	15	145	0	85
English and non-official language	990	945	25	0	15	30
French and non-official language	460	405	45	0	10	45
English, French and non-official language	15	0	10	10	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	511,540	472,235	3,610	2,715	32,980	4,970
English	246,335	246,320	15	0	0	15
French	3,395	320	3,075	0	0	3,075
Non-official language	241,955	206,160	305	2,505	32,985	1,560
Aboriginal	130	130	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	241,825	206,030	310	2,505	32,985	1,555
English and French	625	505	10	115	0	65
English and non-official language	18,755	18,735	25	0	0	25
French and non-official language	215	35	175	0	0	175
English, French and non-official language	255	155	0	100	0	45
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	511,540	472,235	3,610	2,710	32,985	4,970
Official languages	478,215	471,910	3,595	2,705	0	4,945
English	478,010	471,910	3,390	2,710	0	4,745
French	22,960	16,655	3,595	2,705	0	4,950
Non-official languages	287,750	251,060	1,095	2,615	32,980	2,405
Aboriginal languages	225	220	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	287,530	250,835	1,095	2,620	32,980	2,405
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	511,540	472,235	3,610	2,710	32,980	4,965
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	13,465	13,260	190	0	10	190
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	13,135	12,940	190	0	10	190
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	7,335	7,295	25	0	10	30
Métis	5,685	5,530	160	0	0	165
Inuk (Inuit)	115	115	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	205	195	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	120	115	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	498,080	458,980	3,415	2,710	32,970	4,775
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	511,540	472,235	3,615	2,715	32,985	4,970
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	4,205	4,180	25	0	0	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	507,335	468,055	3,590	2,710	32,975	4,950
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	511,540	472,235	3,610	2,715	32,980	4,970
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	2,760	2,725	35	0	0	35
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	2,710	2,675	35	0	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	1,940	1,940	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	730	690	35	0	0	35
Inuit single ancestry	45	45	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	50	50	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	35	40	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	12,885	12,650	220	0	15	225
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	12,460	12,240	210	0	15	205
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,815	7,705	100	0	15	100
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,560	4,455	105	0	0	105
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	90	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	420	405	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	400	390	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	495,895	456,865	3,355	2,715	32,965	4,715
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	511,540	472,235	3,610	2,710	32,980	4,970
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	439,695	415,920	3,335	2,260	18,180	4,465
Canadian citizens only	419,275	397,305	3,005	1,905	17,060	3,955
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	20,420	18,615	330	350	1,115	510
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	71,850	56,315	280	455	14,805	500
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	511,545	472,235	3,610	2,710	32,985	4,965
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	281,190	273,910	2,445	1,105	3,730	2,995
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	220,155	189,190	1,135	1,520	28,315	1,895
Before 1981	37,050	35,175	225	115	1,540	280
1981 to 1990	25,490	22,525	85	140	2,735	155
1991 to 2000	52,570	44,395	135	305	7,735	290
2001 to 2010	68,700	58,805	545	720	8,630	905
2001 to 2005	32,005	27,660	180	315	3,850	335
2006 to 2010	36,695	31,145	370	405	4,780	570
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	36,335	28,285	140	245	7,665	265
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	10,195	9,140	30	85	940	70
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	220,155	189,185	1,135	1,520	28,310	1,895
Under 5 years	16,360	15,365	125	190	685	215
5 to 14 years	31,945	30,775	230	480	460	470
15 to 24 years	55,150	52,350	225	185	2,395	315
25 to 44 years	83,935	75,345	465	560	7,575	740
45 years and over	32,755	15,360	95	105	17,200	150
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	220,155	189,190	1,135	1,515	28,310	1,895
Americas	11,345	10,730	110	240	260	230
Brazil	335	325	0	10	0	0
Colombia	650	545	30	20	50	40
El Salvador	1,380	1,280	0	30	70	15
Guyana	205	210	0	0	0	0
Haiti	85	30	45	10	0	45
Jamaica	615	615	0	0	0	0
Mexico	890	820	0	40	20	25
Peru	320	300	0	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	385	385	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 47}	3,915	3,840	20	30	25	40
Other places of birth in Americas	2,560	2,380	10	90	90	55
Europe	25,910	25,165	230	170	345	320
Bosnia and Herzegovina	450	420	0	20	15	10
Croatia	505	495	0	10	0	0
France	245	90	160	0	0	160
Germany	2,450	2,425	10	15	10	15
Greece	415	395	0	15	15	10
Hungary	715	710	0	10	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	340	340	0	0	0	0
Italy	945	895	10	20	25	15
Netherlands	1,355	1,355	0	0	0	0
Poland	2,235	2,165	0	0	65	0
Portugal	815	740	10	0	65	10
Romania	700	615	0	30	45	20
Russian Federation	780	750	0	15	10	10
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	310	300	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	710	660	0	15	35	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	9,655	9,645	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	3,295	3,175	50	25	50	60
Africa	7,000	5,840	640	315	200	795
Algeria	90	10	50	25	0	60
Egypt	355	305	15	35	10	30
Ethiopia	455	440	0	0	20	0
Kenya	705	670	0	15	15	10
Morocco	180	70	70	30	20	80
Nigeria	580	580	0	0	0	0
Somalia	600	505	0	0	95	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,015	1,010	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	3,015	2,255	505	210	45	610
Asia	166,110	138,090	145	790	27,090	540
Afghanistan	1,660	1,430	10	0	225	10
Bangladesh	610	600	0	10	10	0
China^{Footnote 51}	18,490	13,870	10	205	4,405	115
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	2,365	2,245	0	20	100	10
India	81,730	64,305	65	160	17,195	145
Iran^{Footnote 53}	965	885	0	10	75	10
Iraq	2,580	1,930	0	30	615	15
Japan	755	720	0	10	35	10
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	6,455	5,475	0	90	880	50
Lebanon	510	430	10	30	45	25
Pakistan	4,985	4,480	0	50	455	25
Philippines	24,115	23,910	0	55	155	25
Sri Lanka	1,360	1,315	0	10	45	0
Syria^{Footnote 55}	895	345	0	10	545	10
Taiwan	5,335	4,530	10	40	755	25
Viet Nam	5,355	4,400	0	25	925	15
Other places of birth in Asia	7,945	7,225	30	65	625	60
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	9,795	9,360	10	0	415	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	36,340	28,285	145	240	7,665	265
Americas	1,430	1,270	0	40	115	20
Brazil	105	95	0	10	0	0
Colombia	85	60	0	0	20	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	60	55	0	0	0	0
Mexico	245	215	0	25	10	10
United States^{Footnote 58}	420	405	0	0	15	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	490	415	0	10	70	0
Europe	1,290	1,175	15	0	100	20
France	15	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	65	45	10	0	10	10
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	45	45	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Romania	60	45	10	0	15	10
Russian Federation	55	50	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	140	115	0	0	25	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	475	475	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	425	380	0	0	40	0
Africa	1,505	1,220	110	70	110	145
Algeria	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	15	0	15	0	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	60	15	0	0	15
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	60	55	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	85	70	0	0	15	0
Ethiopia	45	50	0	0	0	0
Morocco	50	15	10	0	15	15
Nigeria	220	220	0	0	0	0
Somalia	250	190	0	0	55	0
South Africa, Republic of	120	120	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	0	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	560	425	60	50	20	85
Asia	31,590	24,130	15	125	7,325	75
Afghanistan	270	220	0	0	45	0
Bangladesh	90	90	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 63}	4,645	2,905	0	40	1,705	15
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	125	110	0	10	10	10
India	15,020	11,160	10	25	3,825	20
Iran^{Footnote 65}	175	130	0	0	50	0
Iraq	1,090	645	10	0	440	0
Israel	15	15	0	0	0	0
Japan	85	85	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	1,080	905	0	15	160	10
Lebanon	75	50	0	10	15	0
Nepal	85	75	0	0	10	0
Pakistan	885	800	0	10	75	0
Philippines	5,260	5,235	0	10	15	10
Saudi Arabia	60	50	0	0	10	0
Sri Lanka	170	155	0	0	10	0
Syria^{Footnote 67}	795	255	0	0	540	0
Taiwan	420	350	0	10	70	0
Turkey	15	10	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	105	100	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	360	230	0	0	130	0
Other places of birth in Asia	765	555	10	10	195	10
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	515	495	0	0	20	0
Australia	95	90	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	420	400	0	0	20	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	511,540	472,235	3,615	2,710	32,980	4,970
First generation^{Footnote 71}	233,040	200,840	1,180	1,630	29,390	1,995
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	139,000	134,030	440	1,035	3,500	955
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	139,495	137,370	1,995	45	90	2,015
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	186,290	156,905	915	1,420	27,050	1,625
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	78,860	72,940	470	940	4,510	940
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	29,945	27,695	195	260	1,795	325
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	48,910	45,245	275	680	2,710	620
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	85,795	65,930	220	200	19,440	325
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	20,490	17,140	175	270	2,900	310
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	1,150	895	45	10	200	50
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	511,540	472,235	3,610	2,710	32,980	4,970
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	299,250	263,470	1,065	2,335	32,380	2,230
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	168,035	145,940	320	945	20,835	795
Chinese	39,890	33,130	30	400	6,325	230
Black	9,455	8,735	365	130	230	430
Filipino	31,865	31,610	0	65	185	35
Latin American	7,065	6,515	50	215	285	155
Arab	5,770	4,225	100	160	1,285	180
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	13,010	11,565	20	100	1,320	65
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	3,715	3,360	15	30	310	30
Korean	9,285	7,955	0	150	1,170	80
Japanese	2,850	2,775	0	10	75	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	1,990	1,655	130	80	130	170
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	6,320	6,005	25	60	235	55
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	212,295	208,765	2,550	375	600	2,740
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	511,545	472,235	3,615	2,715	32,985	4,965
North American Aboriginal origins	15,645	15,370	255	0	15	260
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,210	10,075	110	0	15	115
Inuit	165	165	0	0	0	0
Métis	5,745	5,590	155	0	0	155
Other North American origins	71,305	69,370	1,105	170	660	1,190
Acadian	140	130	10	0	0	10
American	5,290	5,260	15	15	10	20
Canadian	67,740	65,850	1,070	160	655	1,150
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	85	85	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	115	80	40	0	0	40
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	25	25	0	0	0	0
European origins	200,365	197,135	2,170	445	615	2,395
British Isles origins	127,820	127,370	360	35	60	375
Channel Islander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	40	40	0	0	0	0
English	78,900	78,690	145	25	35	155
Irish	43,735	43,570	150	10	15	155
Manx	80	80	0	0	0	0
Scottish	56,205	56,065	130	0	15	130
Welsh	6,880	6,875	10	0	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	8,550	8,510	25	0	15	25
French origins	24,820	22,890	1,835	75	20	1,875
Alsatian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	20	10	0	0	0	0
French	24,780	22,850	1,835	80	20	1,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	57,290	56,960	225	80	25	265
Austrian	3,235	3,205	10	20	10	15
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,210	1,145	60	0	0	60
Dutch	14,820	14,755	40	10	15	40
Flemish	125	125	0	0	0	0
Frisian	70	70	0	0	0	0
German	41,395	41,260	95	35	10	110
Luxembourger	50	35	0	0	0	10
Swiss	1,480	1,425	40	15	0	45
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	105	105	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	22,915	22,865	15	20	10	30
Danish	4,085	4,075	0	0	0	10
Finnish	2,255	2,250	0	10	0	0
Icelandic	1,790	1,790	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	9,525	9,510	10	0	10	10
Swedish	6,770	6,750	10	10	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	790	790	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	43,235	42,720	65	150	300	140
Bulgarian	290	260	10	0	20	10
Byelorussian	155	150	0	0	0	0
Czech	1,665	1,660	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	520	520	0	0	0	0
Estonian	295	295	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	4,570	4,540	15	20	0	25
Latvian	250	250	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	335	335	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	80	85	0	0	0	0
Polish	12,100	11,940	30	35	90	50
Romanian	2,540	2,435	10	40	55	30
Russian	8,585	8,470	15	45	55	35
Slovak	915	915	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	17,850	17,715	15	25	90	25
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	190	185	0	10	0	10
Southern European origins	29,580	28,860	240	220	260	350
Albanian	460	440	0	0	20	0
Bosnian	395	360	0	20	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	1,810	1,795	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	45	45	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,245	2,205	0	25	10	15
Italian	11,455	11,250	135	40	40	155
Kosovar	40	40	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Maltese	155	155	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	60	50	0	10	10	0
Portuguese	4,385	4,270	35	10	65	40
Serbian	970	915	0	30	20	15
Sicilian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	440	430	0	0	10	0
Spanish	8,290	8,030	60	110	90	110
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	475	475	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	2,135	2,050	35	40	15	50
Basque	55	55	0	0	0	0
Jewish	910	855	15	30	15	25
Roma (Gypsy)	30	30	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	60	65	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	1,080	1,050	25	10	0	25
Caribbean origins	3,660	3,580	60	0	10	70
Antiguan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	225	220	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	25	30	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	210	200	10	0	10	0
Dominican	105	95	0	0	10	10
Grenadian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	155	115	35	10	0	40
Jamaican	1,695	1,690	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	40	45	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	610	600	10	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	100	100	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	370	360	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	255	250	10	0	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	8,650	8,140	50	185	270	145
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	335	315	0	0	10	0
Arawak	0	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	110	110	0	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	460	445	0	15	0	0
Chilean	510	480	10	10	10	15
Colombian	790	670	35	25	60	50
Costa Rican	75	70	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	650	630	0	10	15	0
Guyanese	240	235	0	0	0	10
Hispanic	305	275	0	20	10	10
Honduran	440	400	0	15	30	10
Maya	175	165	0	0	0	0
Mexican	2,130	2,020	0	40	60	25
Nicaraguan	285	275	0	10	0	0
Panamanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	65	60	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	395	385	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	1,600	1,520	0	20	60	15
Uruguayan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	120	105	0	0	15	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	625	605	0	15	10	10
African origins	10,310	9,300	470	280	255	610
Central and West African origins	1,910	1,665	190	45	10	215
Akan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	60	60	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	20	20	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	325	150	135	30	0	155
Edo	25	30	0	0	0	0
Ewe	35	30	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	10	0	0
Gambian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	485	480	0	0	0	0
Guinean	20	10	10	10	0	10
Ibo	65	65	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Liberian	120	115	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	685	680	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	35	35	0	0	0	0
Togolese	25	0	25	0	0	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	25	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	125	85	35	0	0	35
North African origins	1,370	1,120	85	125	45	145
Algerian	75	30	20	15	10	30
Berber	30	10	0	15	0	0
Coptic	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	620	565	15	35	10	30
Libyan	45	50	0	0	0	0
Maure	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	270	170	50	30	20	65
Sudanese	285	270	0	0	10	10
Tunisian	35	10	10	25	0	20
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	10	0	0	10	0	0
Southern and East African origins	4,190	3,715	190	90	195	240
Afrikaner	35	35	0	0	0	0
Amhara	50	40	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	60	20	25	0	0	25
Burundian	140	45	75	20	10	80
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	240	220	0	0	15	0
Ethiopian	555	540	0	0	15	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	275	270	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	210	65	95	50	0	120
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	55	40	0	10	0	0
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,185	1,050	0	0	135	0
South African	965	950	0	10	0	0
Tanzanian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	70	70	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	120	120	0	0	0	0
Zulu	20	20	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	270	255	0	10	10	10
Other African origins	3,035	2,895	80	35	25	100
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	295	270	30	0	0	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	2,775	2,635	80	40	25	100
Asian origins	277,695	243,590	555	1,875	31,670	1,495
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	12,815	10,725	110	165	1,820	185
Afghan	2,625	2,350	0	15	255	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	1,385	1,000	40	20	325	55
Armenian	290	255	10	10	15	15
Assyrian	210	145	0	0	60	0
Azerbaijani	45	45	0	0	0	0
Georgian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Hazara	15	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,660	1,590	0	0	60	0
Iraqi	2,505	1,920	0	30	555	20
Israeli	105	105	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	170	160	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	285	260	0	10	15	0
Kuwaiti	20	20	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	60	45	0	10	10	0
Lebanese	1,180	1,100	25	30	30	40
Palestinian	720	675	0	10	35	0
Pashtun	170	150	0	10	10	0
Saudi Arabian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Syrian	930	460	0	0	465	0
Tajik	85	85	0	0	0	0
Tatar	90	90	0	0	10	0
Turk	670	640	0	10	20	10
Turkmen	20	20	0	0	0	0
Uighur	40	35	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	45	45	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	45	40	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	550	460	10	25	60	20
South Asian origins	164,005	141,980	350	1,030	20,645	870
Bangladeshi	515	505	0	0	10	0
Bengali	220	215	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	10	0
East Indian	138,210	119,590	330	855	17,440	750
Goan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	120	120	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	75	65	0	10	0	10
Nepali	465	455	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	5,650	5,335	10	35	265	30
Punjabi	22,200	18,230	15	165	3,785	95
Sinhalese	305	295	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,480	1,430	0	10	35	10
Tamil	300	280	10	0	10	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	3,635	3,215	0	20	405	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	102,065	92,075	105	690	9,190	450
Burmese	610	480	0	0	130	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,160	1,005	0	20	130	15
Chinese	45,085	38,395	60	400	6,225	260
Filipino	33,925	33,640	0	65	210	35
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	945	925	0	0	15	0
Japanese	3,700	3,590	10	15	85	10
Karen	525	365	0	0	160	0
Korean	9,445	8,130	0	130	1,180	75
Laotian	1,055	1,000	0	0	50	10
Malaysian	660	660	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	100	90	0	0	15	0
Singaporean	95	100	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	2,535	2,165	0	15	355	10
Thai	520	505	10	10	10	10
Tibetan	130	120	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	9,200	8,200	15	65	910	50
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	145	115	0	0	30	0
Other Asian origins	500	435	0	10	55	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	500	435	0	10	60	0
Oceania origins	9,155	8,920	30	15	195	35
Australian	995	995	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	415	415	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	7,805	7,575	25	15	190	35
Fijian	7,315	7,080	20	15	190	30
Hawaiian	155	150	0	0	0	0
Maori	95	100	0	0	0	0
Samoan	80	75	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	85	85	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	140	140	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	419,065	385,360	3,320	2,040	28,345	4,345
No certificate, diploma or degree	78,070	59,500	475	460	17,630	710
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	135,915	127,885	970	590	6,465	1,265
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	205,085	197,980	1,875	980	4,250	2,365
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	28,805	27,990	325	60	435	355
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	13,110	12,680	135	15	285	140
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	15,695	15,305	190	45	150	215
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	69,095	66,980	740	215	1,160	850
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,485	15,595	195	90	605	245
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	90,690	87,410	615	610	2,055	920
Bachelor's degree	61,130	58,910	395	360	1,465	575
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,620	6,305	70	60	185	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,550	2,440	20	25	65	30
Master's degree	18,410	17,860	100	145	300	170
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	1,980	1,890	30	15	45	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	419,065	385,360	3,320	2,035	28,345	4,345
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	213,980	187,380	1,445	1,055	24,095	1,975
Education	12,685	12,145	150	50	340	175
13. Education	12,685	12,140	145	50	340	180
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,630	6,255	80	45	255	100
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,335	1,300	20	0	10	25
50. Visual and performing arts	5,300	4,960	60	40	250	75
Humanities	15,090	14,315	95	70	615	125
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,800	1,590	30	0	175	30
23. English language and literature/letters	2,950	2,860	15	25	45	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,925	6,600	15	10	295	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	50	45	10	0	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	470	435	10	0	25	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,225	1,200	0	0	25	0
54. History	1,505	1,455	0	0	40	10
55. French language and literature/letters	170	130	20	20	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	21,680	20,940	200	185	355	290
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	175	0	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,670	1,580	30	25	30	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,715	3,615	15	10	70	20
22. Legal professions and studies	3,205	3,075	25	35	75	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	275	270	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	3,535	3,475	40	10	15	45
45. Social sciences	9,100	8,750	80	100	160	135
Business, management and public administration	43,715	42,315	485	210	710	590
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80	80	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,705	1,635	35	20	15	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	41,930	40,595	445	190	695	540
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,185	7,915	60	60	150	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,800	2,775	15	15	0	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,770	2,700	20	20	35	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	60	55	0	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	2,210	2,055	20	20	110	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	345	335	0	10	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,500	9,165	70	45	215	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,910	7,705	55	40	115	75
25. Library science	300	290	0	0	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,225	1,115	10	10	95	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	60	60	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	41,585	40,160	380	155	890	455
04. Architecture and related services	1,130	1,090	0	0	40	0
14. Engineering	11,815	11,205	65	100	445	110
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,970	6,750	55	0	160	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,835	8,585	135	20	90	145
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,440	8,260	60	25	95	70
48. Precision production	4,400	4,275	65	0	55	70
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,630	2,530	15	0	85	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,870	1,790	10	0	75	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	755	740	10	0	10	0
Health and related fields	32,700	31,940	185	145	430	255
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,740	1,670	0	10	55	10
51. Health professions and related programs	30,415	29,750	175	125	365	240
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	540	520	0	15	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,670	10,290	160	20	200	170
12. Personal and culinary services	6,920	6,680	80	0	165	75
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	20	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	40	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,520	1,440	60	0	15	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,155	2,110	20	10	15	25
Other	15	15	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	419,060	385,360	3,325	2,035	28,345	4,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	213,980	187,385	1,450	1,055	24,095	1,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	205,080	197,975	1,875	980	4,250	2,365
Location of study inside Canada	133,620	131,330	1,525	575	190	1,810
Same as province or territory of residence	113,435	112,135	700	435	170	915
Different than province or territory of residence	20,185	19,195	820	145	20	895
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	71,465	66,645	350	405	4,060	555
United States^{Footnote 130}	5,330	5,240	40	20	25	50
Philippines	11,500	11,490	0	10	10	10
India	21,295	20,335	20	20	920	30
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	4,180	4,160	15	0	10	15
China^{Footnote 132}	8,285	6,300	15	50	1,920	35
France	150	50	50	45	10	75
Other	20,720	19,070	215	260	1,170	345
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	419,065	385,365	3,325	2,040	28,345	not applicable ...
In the labour force	274,690	262,825	2,105	1,145	8,615	not applicable ...
Employed	256,875	246,605	1,955	1,020	7,295	not applicable ...
Unemployed	17,810	16,215	150	120	1,320	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	144,380	122,535	1,215	895	19,725	not applicable ...
Participation rate	65.5	68.2	63.3	56.1	30.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	61.3	64.0	58.8	50.0	25.7	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.2	7.1	10.5	15.3	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	419,065	385,360	3,325	2,035	28,345	4,340
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	138,395	117,420	1,165	865	18,945	1,595
Worked	280,670	267,940	2,160	1,170	9,400	2,745
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	127,970	124,080	1,100	400	2,390	1,300
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	152,695	143,855	1,060	770	7,010	1,445
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.1	42.6	38.3	34.9	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	292,675	279,090	2,215	1,275	10,095	2,855
a.Management	27,560	26,520	250	85	700	295
00 Senior management occupations	2,385	2,260	40	0	70	45
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	7,990	7,800	70	45	80	90
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	10,670	10,280	115	25	250	125
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,515	6,175	25	10	305	35
b.Professional	37,465	36,760	300	180	225	395
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	7,775	7,630	45	45	50	70
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	7,720	7,570	45	55	50	75
30 Professional occupations in nursing	5,050	5,025	15	0	0	20
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,700	2,660	15	10	15	15
40 Professional occupations in education services	6,950	6,765	95	50	35	120
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	4,950	4,865	40	15	30	45
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	2,325	2,235	45	0	40	45
c.Technical and paraprofessional	25,435	24,770	295	145	230	360
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	7,375	7,205	80	25	60	95
32 Technical occupations in health	5,095	5,010	25	25	25	40
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	6,140	5,995	30	55	65	55
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,010	1,890	115	0	0	120
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,820	4,670	35	35	80	55
d.Administration and administrative support	35,615	34,810	315	185	315	405
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	12,495	12,185	165	70	70	200
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	3,100	3,055	15	10	20	20
14 Office support occupations	14,125	13,805	100	65	155	130
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	5,900	5,760	35	35	70	55
e.Sales	32,290	31,380	155	175	580	240
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	7,430	7,270	40	30	85	55
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	14,635	14,205	85	75	270	125
66 Sales support occupations	10,225	9,900	30	65	225	60
f.Personal and customer information services	58,885	55,835	385	260	2,400	515
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	5,945	5,865	35	30	15	50
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	6,685	6,270	50	25	340	70
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	9,885	9,175	45	30	630	60
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	17,985	17,275	145	85	485	190
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	18,380	17,245	105	90	935	150
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	25,360	24,060	280	60	965	315
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	18,270	17,165	210	40	855	230
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	7,095	6,900	70	25	110	80
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	28,990	27,490	185	120	1,195	245
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	7,825	7,450	45	55	270	75
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	16,070	15,445	100	55	470	130
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	5,095	4,600	35	10	445	40
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,655	4,500	15	15	2,125	20
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	795	740	0	0	55	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	2,635	1,505	0	10	1,120	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	3,225	2,260	10	10	950	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	14,420	12,965	45	40	1,365	70
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,415	1,390	0	10	10	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	4,000	3,620	20	10	350	25
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	3,150	2,850	15	10	275	15
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	5,855	5,105	15	10	725	25
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	292,675	279,090	2,220	1,275	10,095	2,855
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,010	3,740	10	10	2,255	15
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	5,310	3,150	10	10	2,140	15
113 Forestry and logging	110	100	0	0	10	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	255	230	0	0	25	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	340	250	0	0	85	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	685	665	10	0	10	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	175	165	0	0	10	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	205	200	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	310	300	10	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,375	1,365	10	0	10	10
221 Utilities	1,370	1,365	10	0	0	0
23 Construction	27,700	25,880	265	90	1,455	315
236 Construction of buildings	7,520	7,025	70	30	395	90
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,745	1,650	20	10	70	20
238 Specialty trade contractors	18,430	17,205	175	60	990	205
31-33 Manufacturing	24,835	23,230	130	70	1,400	165
311 Food manufacturing	4,730	4,240	25	10	460	25
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	520	515	0	0	10	0
313 Textile mills	60	45	0	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	195	175	0	0	25	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	265	215	0	0	50	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	20	20	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	2,330	2,125	10	10	195	0
322 Paper manufacturing	755	730	10	0	10	10
323 Printing and related support activities	910	885	15	0	10	15
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	110	100	0	0	10	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	880	825	10	20	30	15
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,570	1,490	10	0	70	15
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,175	1,115	15	10	45	15
331 Primary metal manufacturing	705	685	10	0	10	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,620	2,490	20	10	110	20
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,660	1,595	10	0	50	15
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,100	1,080	0	10	15	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	600	585	0	0	15	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,105	1,090	10	0	10	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,985	1,780	0	0	205	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,535	1,445	10	15	65	20
41 Wholesale trade	13,035	12,390	120	60	465	145
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	170	155	10	0	15	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	75	70	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,735	2,560	10	0	165	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,695	1,610	15	20	50	25
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	750	750	0	0	10	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,755	2,630	25	10	95	30
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,355	2,305	20	20	10	30
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,810	1,695	30	10	70	35
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	680	615	10	0	55	10
44-45 Retail trade	34,440	33,325	170	185	760	260
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	3,395	3,300	30	15	50	40
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,445	1,375	15	10	50	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,735	1,715	10	0	10	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	2,185	2,105	20	0	50	25
445 Food and beverage stores	7,690	7,305	15	30	345	30
446 Health and personal care stores	3,575	3,500	15	25	30	30
447 Gasoline stations	935	910	0	0	20	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	4,895	4,715	45	45	85	70
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,305	1,265	10	10	30	10
452 General merchandise stores	3,895	3,820	0	30	40	20
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,035	1,995	10	0	20	10
454 Non-store retailers	1,355	1,320	10	0	25	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25,700	24,940	215	90	455	260
481 Air transportation	1,490	1,450	35	0	0	40
482 Rail transportation	565	550	10	0	0	15
483 Water transportation	490	480	15	0	0	10
484 Truck transportation	8,885	8,535	55	35	265	75
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	4,725	4,645	20	15	45	25
486 Pipeline transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	35	35	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	4,320	4,225	50	20	30	55
491 Postal service	1,040	1,020	10	0	10	10
492 Couriers and messengers	1,765	1,690	20	10	40	25
493 Warehousing and storage	2,375	2,295	0	15	65	10
51 Information and cultural industries	6,015	5,885	55	25	50	70
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,035	990	0	0	30	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,410	1,365	20	15	10	30
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	300	300	0	0	10	0
517 Telecommunications	2,605	2,570	25	0	10	25
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	215	215	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	455	445	10	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	11,335	11,135	100	25	75	110
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,210	5,160	35	10	10	40
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,670	1,610	15	10	40	15
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	4,430	4,345	55	0	25	55
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	20	25	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,785	5,665	10	15	95	20
531 Real estate	4,960	4,850	10	10	80	20
532 Rental and leasing services	815	795	0	0	10	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,070	17,630	135	125	175	195
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,070	17,630	140	125	180	195
55 Management of companies and enterprises	510	485	10	10	15	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	510	485	10	10	15	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,560	15,435	105	125	890	170
561 Administrative and support services	15,740	14,650	110	125	860	170
562 Waste management and remediation services	815	785	0	0	30	0
61 Educational services	16,325	15,890	180	105	150	230
611 Educational services	16,325	15,890	175	105	145	230
62 Health care and social assistance	30,670	30,075	190	140	265	260
621 Ambulatory health care services	10,135	9,945	55	60	75	85
622 Hospitals	9,440	9,335	60	35	0	75
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	5,620	5,545	20	20	30	30
624 Social assistance	5,475	5,245	50	25	150	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,390	5,290	45	15	40	55
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,605	1,550	30	0	25	30
712 Heritage institutions	105	100	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,685	3,640	15	15	10	20
72 Accommodation and food services	23,030	21,875	110	110	930	165
721 Accommodation services	2,225	2,130	10	0	90	10
722 Food services and drinking places	20,800	19,750	110	105	840	160
81 Other services (except public administration)	13,555	12,795	135	35	580	155
811 Repair and maintenance	4,275	4,090	65	10	115	65
812 Personal and laundry services	4,695	4,465	35	0	195	35
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	2,790	2,650	20	20	100	35
814 Private households	1,795	1,595	20	0	175	20
91 Public administration	11,670	11,395	210	45	20	230
911 Federal government public administration	5,470	5,245	170	40	25	185
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,835	1,825	0	10	0	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	4,290	4,255	30	0	0	30
914 Aboriginal public administration	15	15	10	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	55	55	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	256,875	246,605	1,955	1,025	7,295	2,465
Worked at home	16,085	15,445	150	80	410	190
Worked outside Canada	1,845	1,630	10	10	205	10
No fixed workplace address	45,075	42,340	360	165	2,200	450
Worked at usual place	193,865	187,185	1,430	770	4,480	1,820
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	292,675	279,090	2,220	1,270	10,095	2,855
English	263,810	258,710	1,885	1,085	2,125	2,430
French	370	185	170	15	0	175
Non-official language	17,060	9,780	25	50	7,210	45
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	17,060	9,775	20	55	7,210	50
English and French	445	255	130	55	0	155
English and non-official language	10,945	10,125	10	55	760	30
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	35	10	10	0	10
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	292,675	279,095	2,220	1,275	10,095	2,855
None	262,460	251,545	1,720	1,020	8,175	2,230
English	6,690	5,415	105	60	1,105	135
French	1,315	885	360	65	0	395
Non-official language	21,985	21,045	30	120	790	90
Aboriginal	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	21,970	21,035	30	120	795	85
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	95	80	0	0	20	0
French and non-official language	130	115	0	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	193,865	187,190	1,430	770	4,480	1,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	85,015	81,920	640	285	2,170	785
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	104,565	101,210	760	470	2,125	995
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,545	3,345	25	10	170	25
Commute to a different province or territory	740	715	10	0	15	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	238,940	229,530	1,795	935	6,680	2,265
Car, truck, van - as a driver	176,820	171,420	1,305	525	3,570	1,570
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	16,435	14,320	130	85	1,905	170
Public transit	35,560	34,130	280	275	870	425
Walked	6,610	6,345	40	45	185	60
Bicycle	915	865	20	0	30	20
Other method	2,605	2,445	20	10	130	25
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	238,940	229,530	1,795	935	6,675	2,265
Less than 15 minutes	39,960	38,725	285	90	855	335
15 to 29 minutes	70,380	68,015	515	270	1,580	650
30 to 44 minutes	60,040	57,255	410	240	2,140	525
45 to 59 minutes	30,910	29,655	270	150	840	345
60 minutes and over	37,650	35,885	320	185	1,265	415
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	238,945	229,535	1,795	935	6,680	2,265
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	23,215	22,185	205	60	765	235
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45,875	43,890	465	85	1,435	505
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	53,400	51,390	465	270	1,270	600
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	41,310	39,820	300	140	1,055	370
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	31,815	30,475	135	145	1,060	205
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	43,330	41,770	225	240	1,100	345
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	505,835	467,675	3,595	2,690	31,875	4,940
Non-movers	427,380	396,575	3,025	2,195	25,590	4,120
Movers	78,455	71,100	570	495	6,290	820
Non-migrants	47,875	44,160	295	290	3,130	440
Migrants	30,580	26,935	275	210	3,155	380
Internal migrants	20,840	19,555	240	155	895	310
Intraprovincial migrants	16,930	15,980	150	80	720	190
Interprovincial migrants	3,910	3,575	85	80	170	125
External migrants	9,740	7,380	35	55	2,265	70
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	482,610	447,415	3,550	2,645	29,000	4,875
Non-movers	268,040	251,350	1,805	1,370	13,515	2,495
Movers	214,570	196,070	1,740	1,275	15,480	2,380
Non-migrants	122,410	114,025	880	630	6,880	1,195
Migrants	92,160	82,045	860	650	8,610	1,185
Internal migrants	54,305	51,405	715	345	1,835	890
Intraprovincial migrants	44,835	42,675	420	180	1,560	515
Interprovincial migrants	9,470	8,730	295	165	280	375
External migrants	37,860	30,640	140	305	6,770	295

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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