Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Richmond, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	196,660	172,600	1,015	1,340	21,710	1,685
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	196,660	172,600	1,020	1,335	21,710	1,685
0 to 14 years	27,220	24,460	50	350	2,360	225
0 to 4 years	8,875	6,950	20	20	1,880	35
5 to 9 years	8,960	8,480	10	145	325	90
10 to 14 years	9,380	9,025	15	185	155	105
15 to 64 years	137,035	123,390	685	890	12,065	1,130
15 to 19 years	11,520	11,160	35	225	100	145
20 to 24 years	13,770	13,415	30	145	180	100
25 to 29 years	13,850	13,345	60	110	340	110
30 to 34 years	12,815	12,300	80	25	410	100
35 to 39 years	11,645	10,930	60	80	575	95
40 to 44 years	12,210	11,010	70	65	1,065	100
45 to 49 years	14,870	12,815	85	80	1,895	125
50 to 54 years	16,570	13,690	105	65	2,720	135
55 to 59 years	15,760	13,170	65	60	2,460	95
60 to 64 years	14,015	11,560	100	40	2,320	115
65 years and over	32,410	24,750	285	95	7,285	330
65 to 69 years	11,910	9,925	90	40	1,860	110
70 to 74 years	7,470	5,815	70	35	1,550	85
75 to 79 years	5,615	4,065	30	20	1,505	45
80 to 84 years	4,120	2,820	30	10	1,265	35
85 years and over	3,290	2,125	60	0	1,105	60
85 to 89 years	2,275	1,490	45	0	740	45
90 to 94 years	805	505	10	0	290	0
95 to 99 years	190	115	0	0	70	0
100 years and over	25	10	0	0	15	0
Average age	41.9	40.4	51.2	29.8	54.4	not applicable ...
Median age	43.3	40.3	52.5	22.5	57.6	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	169,440	148,140	965	985	19,350	1,460
Married or living common law	101,265	85,595	530	405	14,725	730
Married	94,005	78,690	415	395	14,510	610
Living common law	7,255	6,910	115	10	220	125
Not married and not living common law	68,180	62,545	440	580	4,625	730
Never married	47,780	46,335	215	495	725	465
Separated	3,405	2,900	45	25	430	55
Divorced	9,745	8,290	105	45	1,295	135
Widowed	7,255	5,015	65	10	2,165	70
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	169,445	148,140	970	980	19,355	1,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	161,920	141,370	955	845	18,755	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,039	40,733	50,254	34,275	17,285	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,591	29,262	39,329	22,950	14,509	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	162,265	141,660	960	840	18,800	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,071	34,195	41,292	28,819	15,743	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,948	26,844	33,835	21,261	14,356	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	143,990	128,235	880	775	14,095	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,294	40,698	47,557	34,253	16,063	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,882	28,832	36,563	21,101	10,901	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	117,775	100,410	670	605	16,090	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,481	5,373	8,750	3,941	6,080	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,584	1,546	8,355	528	1,845	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,235	104,885	670	635	7,035	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,120	41,390	49,709	35,612	20,685	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,484	31,174	38,194	20,006	16,967	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.5	90.6	87.7	91.1	69.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	73.8	75.4	69.4	78.1	44.9	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	10.5	9.4	12.2	8.2	30.2	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	169,440	148,140	965	985	19,350	1,460
Without total income	7,520	6,770	15	140	595	85
With total income	161,925	141,370	950	845	18,760	1,375
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.4	98.4	85.8	97.0	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35,880	29,525	120	235	6,000	240
$10,000 to $19,999	32,275	24,560	120	160	7,440	200
$20,000 to $29,999	20,725	17,670	150	110	2,790	205
$30,000 to $39,999	16,890	15,410	85	80	1,315	125
$40,000 to $49,999	13,990	13,275	120	75	520	155
$50,000 to $59,999	10,755	10,360	55	50	285	80
$60,000 to $69,999	7,660	7,420	85	20	135	95
$70,000 to $79,999	6,385	6,215	75	20	85	80
$80,000 to $89,999	4,610	4,505	30	25	55	40
$90,000 to $99,999	3,195	3,115	25	20	30	35
$100,000 and over	9,560	9,310	95	55	105	120
$100,000 to $149,999	6,445	6,280	55	35	70	75
$150,000 and over	3,120	3,030	40	15	35	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	169,440	148,140	965	980	19,350	1,460
Without after-tax income	7,180	6,475	10	140	550	80
With after-tax income	162,265	141,665	960	840	18,800	1,380
Percentage with after-tax income	95.8	95.6	99.5	85.7	97.2	94.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	37,135	30,540	130	245	6,225	255
$10,000 to $19,999	33,560	25,655	130	160	7,620	205
$20,000 to $29,999	23,915	20,665	170	125	2,960	230
$30,000 to $39,999	19,510	18,145	135	115	1,120	190
$40,000 to $49,999	15,005	14,420	85	55	445	110
$50,000 to $59,999	10,710	10,330	115	40	225	130
$60,000 to $69,999	7,355	7,190	70	30	65	85
$70,000 to $79,999	4,960	4,845	35	25	50	55
$80,000 and over	10,125	9,880	90	55	100	115
$80,000 to $89,999	3,225	3,165	10	15	30	20
$90,000 to $99,999	2,000	1,955	15	10	20	20
$100,000 and over	4,895	4,755	65	25	50	75
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	169,440	148,145	965	985	19,350	1,460
Without employment income	56,215	43,255	300	350	12,315	470
With employment income	113,230	104,890	670	640	7,040	990
Percentage with employment income	66.8	70.8	69.4	65.0	36.4	67.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,730	15,495	120	100	1,020	170
$5,000 to $9,999	9,810	8,700	20	70	1,020	55
$10,000 to $19,999	17,160	14,905	65	145	2,035	140
$20,000 to $29,999	13,410	11,815	80	55	1,465	105
$30,000 to $39,999	12,520	11,610	65	55	800	90
$40,000 to $49,999	10,750	10,310	55	55	330	85
$50,000 to $59,999	8,100	7,840	35	35	180	55
$60,000 to $69,999	5,915	5,755	75	15	65	85
$70,000 to $79,999	5,310	5,195	35	25	50	50
$80,000 and over	13,530	13,260	120	75	70	160
$80,000 to $89,999	3,585	3,540	10	25	15	20
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	2,575	45	15	10	50
$100,000 and over	7,310	7,155	70	45	45	85
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	169,445	148,140	965	985	19,350	1,460
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	46,015	43,785	310	155	1,765	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	51,059	52,261	63,582	52,982	26,466	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	61,759	62,999	73,909	62,745	28,724	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	196,660	172,600	1,015	1,340	21,710	1,685
English only	164,995	164,995	0	0	0	0
French only	55	0	55	0	0	55
English and French	9,580	7,285	955	1,335	0	1,620
Neither English nor French	22,030	320	10	0	21,710	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	196,660	172,600	1,015	1,335	21,710	1,685
English	89,735	89,120	615	0	0	615
French	260	30	230	0	0	230
Non-official language	87,290	64,295	70	1,215	21,710	675
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	87,280	64,285	70	1,215	21,710	675
English and French	200	60	60	80	0	95
English and non-official language	19,005	19,000	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	30	0	25	0	0	25
English, French and non-official language	140	90	10	45	0	30
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	196,660	172,600	1,015	1,340	21,710	1,685
None	139,490	118,415	625	540	19,920	890
English	29,455	27,890	150	690	730	490
French	910	735	175	0	0	175
Non-official language	25,910	24,815	45	30	1,025	60
Aboriginal	25	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	25,885	24,790	45	30	1,025	60
English and French	110	10	15	85	0	55
English and non-official language	645	605	0	10	35	0
French and non-official language	140	130	10	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	196,665	172,600	1,015	1,340	21,710	1,685
English	64,555	64,550	10	0	0	0
French	990	95	895	0	0	900
Non-official language	123,495	100,480	75	1,240	21,705	690
Aboriginal	25	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	123,470	100,450	70	1,235	21,705	690
English and French	265	180	0	75	0	40
English and non-official language	7,185	7,185	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	55	15	40	0	0	40
English, French and non-official language	120	95	0	25	0	10
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	196,665	172,600	1,015	1,340	21,710	1,685
Official languages	174,635	172,285	1,010	1,335	0	1,680
English	174,580	172,285	955	1,335	0	1,625
French	9,630	7,290	1,015	1,335	0	1,680
Non-official languages	142,100	118,790	330	1,270	21,710	960
Aboriginal languages	40	40	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	142,065	118,755	330	1,270	21,705	960
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	196,660	172,600	1,020	1,335	21,705	1,685
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	1,600	1,565	30	0	10	25
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	1,555	1,525	30	0	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	920	905	10	0	0	10
Métis	615	590	20	0	0	20
Inuk (Inuit)	20	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	15	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	30	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	195,065	171,035	985	1,335	21,705	1,655
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	196,665	172,600	1,020	1,335	21,710	1,685
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	660	655	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	196,000	171,940	1,015	1,335	21,705	1,685
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	196,665	172,600	1,020	1,335	21,710	1,685
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	330	325	0	0	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	325	325	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	275	275	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	45	45	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	1,710	1,635	55	20	0	65
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	1,615	1,545	55	15	0	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,105	1,040	55	10	10	55
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	500	490	0	0	0	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	95	95	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	90	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	194,620	170,635	960	1,320	21,705	1,615
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	196,660	172,600	1,015	1,335	21,705	1,685
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	162,455	147,530	935	1,155	12,825	1,515
Canadian citizens only	147,970	134,805	850	915	11,395	1,315
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	14,485	12,725	90	240	1,435	205
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	34,215	25,070	80	180	8,880	170
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	196,660	172,600	1,015	1,335	21,705	1,685
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	71,855	68,765	680	485	1,920	925
Immigrants^Footnote 42	118,305	98,085	330	835	19,055	745
Before 1981	17,140	16,110	115	80	830	155
1981 to 1990	13,900	12,230	40	85	1,545	85
1991 to 2000	39,185	32,280	55	235	6,620	170
2001 to 2010	32,835	26,355	100	365	6,025	280
2001 to 2005	15,260	12,525	55	195	2,485	155
2006 to 2010	17,575	13,825	40	170	3,535	125
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	15,245	11,115	20	70	4,035	55
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	6,505	5,745	10	15	735	20
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	118,300	98,085	330	835	19,050	745
Under 5 years	8,435	7,900	30	165	340	115
5 to 14 years	18,545	18,030	55	185	275	150
15 to 24 years	20,710	19,660	55	110	885	110
25 to 44 years	52,920	44,115	160	310	8,330	315
45 years and over	17,695	8,380	30	65	9,225	60
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	118,305	98,090	325	830	19,055	740
Americas	3,855	3,630	25	145	45	100
Brazil	150	135	0	15	0	10
Colombia	100	90	0	10	10	10
El Salvador	145	125	0	0	15	0
Guyana	40	40	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	115	110	0	0	0	0
Mexico	425	390	0	30	10	20
Peru	280	255	0	25	0	15
Trinidad and Tobago	190	195	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,480	1,430	15	30	0	25
Other places of birth in Americas	915	860	0	35	15	15
Europe	8,405	7,940	145	155	165	225
Bosnia and Herzegovina	105	95	0	0	10	0
Croatia	140	140	0	0	0	0
France	120	25	95	0	0	95
Germany	725	720	0	10	0	0
Greece	155	145	10	0	0	10
Hungary	105	110	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	165	160	0	0	0	0
Italy	200	190	0	10	0	10
Netherlands	300	300	0	0	0	0
Poland	340	340	0	0	0	0
Portugal	170	150	0	0	10	10
Romania	290	250	0	35	10	15
Russian Federation	985	875	0	30	80	20
Serbia^Footnote 49	160	140	0	0	15	0
Ukraine	655	605	0	15	35	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	2,760	2,760	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,030	930	40	45	15	60
Africa	2,325	2,130	90	75	25	130
Algeria	65	10	40	20	0	50
Egypt	220	210	10	0	0	10
Ethiopia	50	50	0	0	0	0
Kenya	425	415	0	0	10	0
Morocco	50	20	0	30	0	15
Nigeria	50	50	0	0	0	0
Somalia	135	135	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	500	495	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	820	745	50	25	0	60
Asia	102,475	83,175	55	455	18,790	280
Afghanistan	180	150	0	0	35	0
Bangladesh	100	95	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	42,755	28,700	25	210	13,815	130
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	23,190	20,805	0	80	2,300	35
India	5,085	4,415	0	20	650	10
Iran^Footnote 53	745	695	10	10	40	10
Iraq	410	390	0	0	25	0
Japan	1,345	1,235	0	10	95	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	945	875	0	0	70	0
Lebanon	100	65	10	25	10	20
Pakistan	1,035	1,010	0	0	20	0
Philippines	12,985	12,905	10	10	65	15
Sri Lanka	300	300	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	135	75	0	0	60	0
Taiwan	7,525	6,360	0	35	1,130	20
Viet Nam	1,045	870	0	10	165	10
Other places of birth in Asia	4,595	4,245	0	35	310	20
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	1,240	1,210	0	0	25	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	15,250	11,120	20	70	4,035	55
Americas	425	385	0	20	15	10
Brazil	40	30	0	10	0	0
Colombia	25	15	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	75	70	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	190	180	0	0	10	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	70	0	0	0	10
Europe	415	350	15	10	40	20
France	15	0	10	0	0	15
Germany	35	30	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	35	35	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	150	135	0	0	20	10
Ukraine	70	60	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	35	35	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	40	0	0	20	0
Africa	175	165	0	10	0	10
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	50	50	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	15	0	0	0	0
Somalia	15	15	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	35	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	40	0	0	0	10
Asia	14,170	10,160	0	30	3,980	20
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	8,945	5,345	0	20	3,580	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	490	410	0	0	75	0
India	570	495	0	0	75	0
Iran^Footnote 65	80	75	0	0	10	0
Iraq	120	115	0	0	0	0
Israel	40	40	0	0	0	0
Japan	190	175	0	0	20	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	175	160	0	0	20	0
Lebanon	20	10	0	10	10	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	265	260	0	0	0	0
Philippines	2,140	2,130	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabia	55	50	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	20	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	95	35	0	0	65	0
Taiwan	470	390	0	0	85	0
Turkey	15	20	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	65	55	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	380	350	0	0	30	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	60	65	0	0	0	0
Australia	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	40	35	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	196,665	172,600	1,015	1,340	21,710	1,685
First generation^Footnote 71	125,990	104,880	340	860	19,910	770
Second generation^Footnote 72	44,020	41,605	155	465	1,795	385
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	26,650	26,115	520	15	0	530
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	102,335	83,020	215	755	18,350	590
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	71,885	61,060	120	625	10,080	435
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	24,910	20,460	55	215	4,175	165
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	46,980	40,600	65	410	5,905	270
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	24,460	17,280	60	95	7,030	105
Refugees^Footnote 79	3,465	2,800	25	20	620	35
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	2,525	1,880	10	15	625	15
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	196,660	172,600	1,020	1,335	21,705	1,685
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	150,015	127,375	215	1,020	21,405	725
South Asian^Footnote 83	14,360	13,475	35	55	795	60
Chinese	104,185	83,565	90	720	19,810	450
Black	1,275	1,240	25	0	10	30
Filipino	13,570	13,515	0	0	50	10
Latin American	1,585	1,425	15	85	55	60
Arab	1,480	1,240	25	90	130	70
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	1,950	1,825	0	10	125	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	1,230	1,130	10	15	65	15
Korean	1,290	1,190	0	10	100	0
Japanese	3,940	3,765	10	10	160	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	395	380	0	0	15	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	4,760	4,635	0	35	85	20
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	46,645	45,225	800	315	305	960
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	196,660	172,600	1,015	1,335	21,710	1,685
North American Aboriginal origins	2,040	1,965	55	15	0	65
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,480	1,415	50	0	0	55
Inuit	20	20	0	0	0	0
Métis	645	630	0	10	0	10
Other North American origins	14,455	13,945	295	35	175	315
Acadian	40	40	0	0	0	0
American	1,400	1,375	15	15	0	20
Canadian	13,545	13,065	280	20	180	290
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	15	20	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	35	15	15	0	0	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	15	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	49,930	48,570	645	385	325	835
British Isles origins	29,380	29,195	100	55	35	125
Channel Islander	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0	0	0
English	18,015	17,920	35	30	30	50
Irish	9,955	9,910	40	0	0	45
Manx	80	75	0	0	0	0
Scottish	12,985	12,925	30	20	10	40
Welsh	1,665	1,665	0	10	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	2,085	2,085	0	0	0	0
French origins	5,450	4,870	515	55	10	540
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	10	0	0	0	0
French	5,445	4,865	515	55	10	545
Western European origins (except French origins)	11,850	11,670	85	55	35	115
Austrian	850	845	10	0	0	10
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	345	290	35	10	0	45
Dutch	2,935	2,925	10	0	10	10
Flemish	40	30	0	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	8,525	8,420	35	45	20	55
Luxembourger	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	315	300	15	0	0	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	20	20	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,530	4,520	0	10	0	0
Danish	1,010	1,005	0	10	0	0
Finnish	470	465	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	405	405	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,395	1,395	0	0	0	0
Swedish	1,430	1,425	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	195	195	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	11,455	11,100	25	160	170	105
Bulgarian	110	80	0	30	10	15
Byelorussian	190	170	0	0	20	0
Czech	405	390	0	15	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	110	110	0	0	0	0
Estonian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	920	895	10	10	0	15
Latvian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	185	185	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,855	2,830	10	15	10	10
Romanian	755	715	0	30	0	15
Russian	3,535	3,330	0	70	135	40
Slovak	130	130	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,330	4,250	10	40	45	25
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	245	245	0	0	0	10
Southern European origins	8,990	8,680	75	145	85	145
Albanian	85	80	0	0	0	10
Bosnian	50	40	0	0	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	635	615	0	15	0	10
Cypriot	30	30	0	0	0	0
Greek	770	745	15	10	0	20
Italian	2,275	2,195	35	40	10	55
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	45	40	0	0	0	0
Maltese	40	35	10	0	0	10
Montenegrin	20	20	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,355	1,295	10	30	20	20
Serbian	420	390	0	15	20	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Spanish	3,735	3,590	25	75	40	65
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	155	145	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,365	1,290	0	30	50	15
Basque	15	15	0	0	0	0
Jewish	1,065	990	0	35	50	15
Roma (Gypsy)	15	20	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	260	255	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	870	850	10	10	0	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	50	45	0	0	0	0
Dominican	35	30	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	30	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	295	300	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	210	210	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	40	45	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	95	95	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,305	2,105	15	125	55	80
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	90	90	0	0	0	0
Arawak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	60	45	0	15	10	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	145	130	0	15	0	10
Chilean	185	180	0	10	0	0
Colombian	95	80	0	15	10	0
Costa Rican	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	70	60	0	10	0	10
Guyanese	50	50	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	80	70	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maya	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mexican	750	670	15	35	30	30
Nicaraguan	100	85	0	10	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	305	280	10	10	0	15
Salvadorean	160	155	10	0	10	10
Uruguayan	10	0	0	10	0	0
Venezuelan	90	85	0	0	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	120	110	0	10	10	0
African origins	2,010	1,930	55	20	10	60
Central and West African origins	190	180	10	0	0	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	50	55	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	20	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	25	10	10	0	0	10
North African origins	500	460	30	15	0	35
Algerian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Berber	35	25	10	0	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	265	260	0	0	0	0
Libyan	55	60	0	0	0	0
Maure	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	75	55	10	10	0	10
Sudanese	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	15	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	25	15	15	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins	790	790	0	0	10	0
Afrikaner	15	20	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	65	60	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	90	85	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	200	205	0	0	0	0
South African	215	220	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	120	120	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	590	565	10	10	0	15
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	95	90	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	495	475	15	10	0	15
Asian origins	147,040	124,535	195	945	21,370	665
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,980	3,545	50	115	270	110
Afghan	335	305	0	0	30	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	375	275	20	40	45	35
Armenian	135	130	0	10	0	10
Assyrian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	85	75	0	0	0	0
Georgian	35	20	0	0	10	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,075	995	25	10	40	30
Iraqi	500	465	0	10	30	0
Israeli	305	300	0	10	0	0
Jordanian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	20	20	0	0	0	0
Kurd	40	40	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	190	140	10	40	0	25
Palestinian	290	280	0	0	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	30	25	0	0	10	0
Syrian	195	135	10	0	45	10
Tajik	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tatar	30	25	0	0	10	0
Turk	430	385	0	0	40	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	55	45	0	0	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	150	150	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	14,485	13,605	35	70	780	65
Bangladeshi	60	55	0	0	0	0
Bengali	40	40	0	0	0	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	12,335	11,565	35	45	700	55
Goan	80	80	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	45	45	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	15	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	985	960	10	0	25	0
Punjabi	875	780	0	10	85	10
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	415	415	0	0	0	0
Tamil	80	75	0	10	0	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	345	340	0	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	129,105	107,895	110	775	20,325	495
Burmese	120	120	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	110	95	15	0	0	15
Chinese	107,080	86,785	90	725	19,480	450
Filipino	15,475	15,405	10	10	55	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	345	335	0	0	0	0
Japanese	4,925	4,705	10	20	195	15
Karen	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,595	1,455	0	0	130	10
Laotian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	420	420	0	0	10	0
Mongolian	90	75	0	0	10	0
Singaporean	165	155	0	0	10	0
Taiwanese	3,290	2,735	0	50	505	25
Thai	225	215	0	0	10	10
Tibetan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,355	1,215	0	15	125	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	50	50	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	115	110	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	110	115	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	1,060	1,055	0	0	10	0
Australian	260	260	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	95	90	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	760	750	0	0	10	0
Fijian	540	535	0	0	10	0
Hawaiian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Maori	25	30	0	0	0	0
Samoan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	55	55	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	75	75	0	0	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	169,445	148,145	965	985	19,355	1,460
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,470	15,255	110	155	6,955	180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	50,715	43,430	245	275	6,760	380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	96,260	89,455	615	555	5,635	895
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,655	7,105	100	20	430	110
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	3,890	3,625	50	10	205	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	3,770	3,485	50	10	225	50
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	25,060	23,095	200	60	1,705	235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,510	6,550	40	45	875	65
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	56,030	52,700	275	430	2,625	490
Bachelor's degree	39,835	37,405	180	240	2,010	300
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,540	3,235	15	45	240	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,300	1,185	0	25	95	10
Master's degree	9,920	9,530	50	85	250	95
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	1,435	1,345	30	30	25	45
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	169,445	148,140	970	980	19,350	1,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	73,185	58,685	355	425	13,715	565
Education	5,115	4,695	30	30	355	45
13. Education	5,115	4,695	30	30	360	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,025	3,770	20	20	220	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	640	635	0	0	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	3,385	3,135	20	20	210	30
Humanities	6,305	5,665	100	55	480	125
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,335	1,075	10	15	240	20
23. English language and literature/letters	1,595	1,535	10	0	50	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,010	1,840	40	10	125	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	240	225	10	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	280	0	0	0	0
54. History	655	600	0	0	45	10
55. French language and literature/letters	165	105	20	35	10	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,575	11,830	60	105	585	110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	255	245	0	0	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,195	1,110	0	20	70	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,420	1,310	0	10	105	0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,705	1,550	15	10	135	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	170	175	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	2,145	2,105	25	10	0	30
45. Social sciences	5,670	5,335	20	60	260	45
Business, management and public administration	26,775	25,025	125	105	1,520	180
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	20	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	455	10	0	20	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	26,265	24,550	115	100	1,500	165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,605	4,265	20	65	255	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,625	1,540	10	35	45	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,155	1,110	0	10	35	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	90	85	0	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,620	1,445	10	15	160	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	95	0	10	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,630	5,340	25	30	235	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,515	4,305	25	30	160	40
25. Library science	220	205	0	0	15	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	825	755	0	0	60	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	80	80	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	16,150	14,720	130	70	1,230	160
04. Architecture and related services	765	670	0	0	90	0
14. Engineering	7,870	7,035	45	60	735	70
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,525	2,330	15	10	180	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	10	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,765	1,610	45	10	110	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,385	2,305	15	0	65	15
48. Precision production	830	765	10	0	55	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,100	1,045	10	10	45	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	710	670	0	0	35	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	390	375	0	0	10	0
Health and related fields	10,535	9,905	60	45	525	80
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	785	725	0	0	50	10
51. Health professions and related programs	9,435	8,900	55	35	440	75
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	320	280	0	10	30	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,430	3,180	45	15	185	50
12. Personal and culinary services	2,445	2,260	15	10	155	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	290	285	10	0	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	670	630	20	0	15	25
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	169,440	148,140	970	985	19,350	1,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	73,180	58,690	350	425	13,715	565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	96,260	89,455	615	555	5,635	890
Location of study inside Canada	54,495	53,540	465	245	235	595
Same as province or territory of residence	45,560	44,975	190	175	220	275
Different than province or territory of residence	8,935	8,565	280	70	20	310
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	41,765	35,915	150	310	5,395	300
United States^Footnote 130	3,525	3,450	30	30	20	40
Philippines	6,820	6,815	0	0	0	10
India	1,455	1,425	0	0	30	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	2,100	2,065	0	10	20	10
China^Footnote 132	13,460	9,115	10	35	4,300	30
France	150	65	50	30	0	70
Other	14,245	12,980	45	200	1,020	145
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	169,440	148,140	965	985	19,350	not applicable ...
In the labour force	102,725	95,425	595	575	6,130	not applicable ...
Employed	96,715	90,060	570	540	5,545	not applicable ...
Unemployed	6,015	5,365	30	30	590	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	66,720	52,715	370	415	13,220	not applicable ...
Participation rate	60.6	64.4	61.7	58.4	31.7	not applicable ...
Employment rate	57.1	60.8	59.1	54.8	28.7	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.6	5.0	5.2	9.6	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	169,440	148,140	970	985	19,350	1,460
Did not work^Footnote 135	64,160	50,325	320	365	13,150	500
Worked	105,285	97,815	650	620	6,200	960
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	47,350	44,975	320	165	1,890	405
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	57,935	52,840	330	455	4,315	555
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.0	42.8	35.5	38.7	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	109,715	101,730	650	660	6,675	980
a.Management	13,200	12,000	105	45	1,050	125
00 Senior management occupations	1,215	1,020	15	0	175	20
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,560	4,320	25	25	195	35
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	5,005	4,515	40	20	430	45
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,415	2,140	20	0	250	20
b.Professional	20,265	19,605	110	160	385	185
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	5,435	5,230	15	25	170	25
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	5,300	5,100	40	60	90	70
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,300	1,300	0	0	10	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,270	1,250	0	20	0	10
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,065	3,000	15	20	25	20
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,520	2,445	15	20	40	25
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,380	1,285	30	15	55	35
c.Technical and paraprofessional	10,100	9,695	55	85	265	95
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	3,105	2,965	30	35	75	45
32 Technical occupations in health	1,670	1,580	10	10	80	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,470	2,425	0	20	20	15
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	370	365	0	0	0	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,480	2,360	15	20	85	25
d.Administration and administrative support	15,765	15,220	60	105	380	115
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	6,020	5,810	35	35	140	45
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,500	1,475	10	10	10	10
14 Office support occupations	6,415	6,150	25	65	180	55
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,840	1,785	0	10	45	10
e.Sales	14,625	13,630	40	95	855	90
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	3,835	3,675	15	20	125	25
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	7,395	6,905	20	55	410	50
66 Sales support occupations	3,395	3,040	10	25	325	15
f.Personal and customer information services	21,690	19,165	135	110	2,280	190
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,220	1,170	0	0	45	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,655	1,480	10	10	155	15
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	4,400	3,550	10	15	830	10
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	8,345	7,665	95	60	525	120
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	6,070	5,300	20	30	720	35
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,715	4,325	75	15	290	80
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,940	2,645	65	10	225	65
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,775	1,685	10	10	70	20
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	5,325	4,845	45	25	405	60
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,940	1,780	15	0	140	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,670	2,455	30	20	165	40
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	715	600	0	10	100	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,040	855	10	0	180	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	235	190	0	0	40	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	225	155	0	10	65	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	590	505	10	0	75	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,990	2,395	15	0	580	20
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	280	260	0	0	15	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	1,030	795	10	0	230	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	530	450	10	0	65	15
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,150	880	10	0	265	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	109,715	101,730	650	665	6,675	980
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	735	605	0	0	125	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	520	415	0	10	95	0
113 Forestry and logging	35	30	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	125	110	0	0	15	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	55	40	0	0	15	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	300	290	10	0	10	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	70	65	10	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	80	75	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	145	140	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	425	415	10	0	0	0
221 Utilities	420	415	10	0	0	0
23 Construction	5,375	4,785	65	20	505	75
236 Construction of buildings	2,180	1,880	20	15	260	30
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	355	345	0	0	10	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,840	2,560	45	10	230	45
31-33 Manufacturing	6,990	6,145	50	25	765	65
311 Food manufacturing	1,570	1,240	15	0	320	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	130	125	0	0	10	0
313 Textile mills	20	10	0	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	95	90	0	0	10	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	275	175	0	0	95	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	10	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	235	215	0	0	15	10
322 Paper manufacturing	270	255	0	0	10	10
323 Printing and related support activities	375	335	0	0	40	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	20	25	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	395	365	0	15	20	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	255	250	0	0	10	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	190	185	0	0	10	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	125	115	0	0	15	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	350	320	0	0	25	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	620	580	0	0	40	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	495	460	15	0	15	15
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	165	155	0	0	15	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	450	420	15	0	15	15
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	455	395	10	0	60	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	485	435	0	0	55	0
41 Wholesale trade	5,550	5,045	30	40	435	55
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	80	65	0	0	15	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	15	15	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,445	1,255	10	10	180	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	995	900	15	10	80	20
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	165	165	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	650	605	0	0	45	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	995	965	0	10	15	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	660	585	0	10	65	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	550	495	0	10	40	10
44-45 Retail trade	15,275	14,080	70	90	1,035	115
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,485	1,420	0	10	50	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	855	755	0	10	85	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	755	735	0	10	20	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	525	495	10	0	25	10
445 Food and beverage stores	3,455	2,925	0	10	515	15
446 Health and personal care stores	1,920	1,810	0	20	80	15
447 Gasoline stations	195	180	10	0	15	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	2,870	2,750	10	25	85	20
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	605	595	0	0	15	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,095	1,060	10	0	25	10
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	825	765	10	10	45	15
454 Non-store retailers	690	605	10	0	75	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,155	6,835	110	60	155	140
481 Air transportation	1,650	1,565	65	10	10	65
482 Rail transportation	65	60	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	195	195	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	695	650	10	10	35	15
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	840	805	15	10	15	20
486 Pipeline transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	55	45	0	0	10	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,690	1,635	15	10	25	20
491 Postal service	385	380	0	10	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	950	905	10	10	35	15
493 Warehousing and storage	610	580	0	0	25	10
51 Information and cultural industries	2,945	2,835	20	20	70	30
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	755	710	0	10	35	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	550	525	10	0	15	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	230	220	10	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	995	980	10	0	20	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	140	140	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	265	265	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	7,035	6,755	20	35	225	35
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	3,120	3,065	0	15	35	10
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,370	1,220	0	15	135	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,500	2,425	15	10	50	20
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	40	40	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,775	3,540	10	0	220	15
531 Real estate	3,440	3,210	10	10	210	15
532 Rental and leasing services	310	305	0	0	10	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	20	20	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,740	10,245	85	95	315	130
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,740	10,245	85	95	315	135
55 Management of companies and enterprises	175	160	0	0	10	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	175	160	0	10	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,810	4,385	20	50	345	50
561 Administrative and support services	4,635	4,220	25	55	340	45
562 Waste management and remediation services	175	170	0	0	10	0
61 Educational services	7,295	7,080	25	45	135	50
611 Educational services	7,290	7,080	30	50	135	50
62 Health care and social assistance	9,235	8,895	25	65	245	60
621 Ambulatory health care services	3,735	3,550	10	40	130	30
622 Hospitals	2,235	2,210	0	0	20	0
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,030	1,000	0	10	20	0
624 Social assistance	2,240	2,135	10	20	80	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,515	2,410	25	10	65	30
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	690	650	10	10	25	15
712 Heritage institutions	90	85	0	0	10	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,730	1,675	10	0	35	15
72 Accommodation and food services	11,325	9,685	30	50	1,560	55
721 Accommodation services	1,385	1,290	0	10	85	10
722 Food services and drinking places	9,940	8,400	30	35	1,480	50
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,695	4,230	20	10	440	25
811 Repair and maintenance	1,145	1,040	15	0	90	15
812 Personal and laundry services	1,715	1,460	10	10	240	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,225	1,185	0	0	45	0
814 Private households	610	545	0	0	65	0
91 Public administration	3,380	3,305	25	40	20	40
911 Federal government public administration	1,385	1,350	10	20	10	15
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	590	580	0	0	0	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,345	1,315	15	10	10	15
914 Aboriginal public administration	15	15	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	50	45	0	0	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	96,710	90,060	570	540	5,545	840
Worked at home	8,330	7,690	85	50	510	110
Worked outside Canada	2,125	1,480	0	0	635	10
No fixed workplace address	9,575	8,580	100	50	835	130
Worked at usual place	76,680	72,305	375	430	3,570	595
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	109,715	101,730	650	665	6,675	980
English	89,175	87,360	575	560	685	855
French	125	85	20	15	0	30
Non-official language	13,925	8,230	10	20	5,660	20
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	13,920	8,230	10	20	5,660	20
English and French	170	105	35	35	0	55
English and non-official language	6,255	5,910	0	20	325	10
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	60	45	0	15	0	15
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	109,715	101,730	650	665	6,675	980
None	89,475	83,250	485	510	5,230	740
English	5,365	4,490	15	25	835	25
French	555	410	120	20	0	135
Non-official language	13,850	13,170	20	100	565	70
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	13,850	13,165	15	100	565	65
English and French	0	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	365	330	0	0	40	0
French and non-official language	90	70	10	10	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	76,685	72,300	380	430	3,575	595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	43,435	40,240	175	260	2,755	310
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	32,550	31,410	195	160	785	280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	395	370	0	10	15	10
Commute to a different province or territory	305	280	0	0	20	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	86,255	80,885	480	485	4,405	720
Car, truck, van - as a driver	58,655	55,335	350	225	2,740	460
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	5,360	4,850	15	20	480	25
Public transit	16,455	15,490	95	180	695	185
Walked	3,745	3,340	10	35	355	30
Bicycle	1,150	1,055	10	10	80	10
Other method	890	825	0	10	55	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	86,255	80,885	480	485	4,405	725
Less than 15 minutes	18,285	17,105	110	105	955	160
15 to 29 minutes	30,310	28,075	140	165	1,935	220
30 to 44 minutes	21,285	20,050	115	70	1,055	150
45 to 59 minutes	9,565	9,200	60	80	225	100
60 minutes and over	6,815	6,455	60	65	235	95
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	86,260	80,885	480	485	4,405	720
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,665	3,495	45	15	110	50
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,070	9,655	70	30	315	85
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	19,575	18,785	95	100	600	150
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	21,340	20,065	110	145	1,025	185
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	18,410	16,430	90	100	1,780	140
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,200	12,460	75	90	585	115
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	195,000	171,395	1,015	1,340	21,255	1,685
Non-movers	164,860	145,855	865	1,135	17,005	1,440
Movers	30,140	25,540	150	200	4,250	245
Non-migrants	18,090	15,655	50	120	2,260	115
Migrants	12,050	9,885	95	75	1,990	135
Internal migrants	6,630	5,960	85	45	545	105
Intraprovincial migrants	5,335	4,825	40	35	435	55
Interprovincial migrants	1,295	1,130	50	10	110	50
External migrants	5,420	3,930	10	35	1,445	25
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	187,785	165,645	995	1,315	19,825	1,655
Non-movers	110,460	99,070	570	760	10,060	950
Movers	77,325	66,575	425	560	9,770	705
Non-migrants	43,240	38,270	180	315	4,470	340
Migrants	34,085	28,305	240	245	5,295	365
Internal migrants	15,350	13,880	200	160	1,115	280
Intraprovincial migrants	12,245	11,185	90	85	880	135
Interprovincial migrants	3,105	2,690	110	70	230	145
External migrants	18,735	14,430	40	85	4,185	80

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Richmond, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.3%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.