Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Frontenac

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	146,715	140,840	4,720	530	630	4,985
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	146,715	140,840	4,720	525	630	4,985
0 to 14 years	21,990	21,070	685	135	110	750
0 to 4 years	7,050	6,735	180	45	95	205
5 to 9 years	7,575	7,280	240	40	10	260
10 to 14 years	7,370	7,055	260	50	0	285
15 to 64 years	96,985	93,240	3,170	345	230	3,345
15 to 19 years	8,295	8,065	190	35	10	205
20 to 24 years	10,600	10,345	220	30	0	235
25 to 29 years	9,975	9,655	285	25	10	300
30 to 34 years	9,195	8,870	255	40	20	275
35 to 39 years	8,480	8,040	385	50	10	405
40 to 44 years	8,105	7,715	340	45	10	360
45 to 49 years	9,375	8,975	335	50	15	365
50 to 54 years	11,495	11,010	385	40	60	405
55 to 59 years	11,280	10,745	475	15	45	485
60 to 64 years	10,195	9,825	300	20	50	315
65 years and over	27,735	26,530	860	50	295	890
65 to 69 years	9,260	8,895	300	15	50	310
70 to 74 years	6,920	6,645	195	20	60	205
75 to 79 years	4,810	4,565	180	0	60	180
80 to 84 years	3,625	3,440	110	10	70	115
85 years and over	3,120	2,985	80	10	50	75
85 to 89 years	2,225	2,110	70	10	40	75
90 to 94 years	755	745	0	0	10	0
95 to 99 years	135	125	0	0	10	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0
Average age	42.2	42.2	43.4	34.4	54.8	not applicable ...
Median age	43.0	42.9	45.0	35.0	62.0	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	124,720	119,770	4,035	395	525	4,235
Married or living common law	71,775	68,505	2,710	230	325	2,825
Married	57,730	55,160	2,040	215	320	2,145
Living common law	14,040	13,345	670	15	10	675
Not married and not living common law	52,950	51,265	1,325	165	195	1,410
Never married	33,665	32,705	820	115	30	875
Separated	3,860	3,710	130	15	10	135
Divorced	8,425	8,140	230	25	40	240
Widowed	7,000	6,710	150	15	130	155
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	124,720	119,770	4,035	395	520	4,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	120,260	115,435	3,945	385	490	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,951	46,772	55,591	46,850	20,004	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,570	35,231	50,294	34,421	16,727	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	120,280	115,455	3,945	390	495	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,298	39,147	46,332	39,216	18,552	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,169	31,911	44,059	31,689	16,405	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	108,470	104,055	3,715	355	340	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,487	45,293	53,424	46,394	17,423	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,379	33,041	47,972	34,083	9,718	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	88,770	85,525	2,510	295	440	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,027	8,024	8,344	5,048	8,867	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,607	6,619	6,842	2,353	7,950	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,015	83,465	3,060	310	180	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,666	41,378	50,908	39,976	21,133	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,297	30,959	47,137	28,152	16,814	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	87.4	87.3	90.4	91.4	59.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	64.2	64.0	71.0	68.7	37.3	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	12.6	12.7	9.6	8.3	39.8	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	124,725	119,770	4,035	395	525	4,230
Without total income	4,460	4,340	90	10	25	95
With total income	120,260	115,435	3,945	385	490	4,140
Percentage with total income	96.4	96.4	97.8	97.5	93.3	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,275	14,700	350	80	150	390
$10,000 to $19,999	20,560	19,900	425	55	170	455
$20,000 to $29,999	16,510	16,010	395	30	80	410
$30,000 to $39,999	13,815	13,360	340	65	45	370
$40,000 to $49,999	12,200	11,700	440	35	25	460
$50,000 to $59,999	10,000	9,550	415	20	10	430
$60,000 to $69,999	8,185	7,740	425	20	0	440
$70,000 to $79,999	5,830	5,535	300	0	0	300
$80,000 to $89,999	5,020	4,795	210	10	0	215
$90,000 to $99,999	3,535	3,330	190	15	0	200
$100,000 and over	9,335	8,820	450	55	10	480
$100,000 to $149,999	6,415	6,005	365	35	10	385
$150,000 and over	2,920	2,815	90	15	0	100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	124,720	119,770	4,035	395	525	4,230
Without after-tax income	4,440	4,315	90	10	25	95
With after-tax income	120,285	115,455	3,945	385	495	4,135
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.4	97.8	97.5	94.3	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,935	15,345	360	85	150	405
$10,000 to $19,999	21,480	20,765	480	55	175	510
$20,000 to $29,999	18,955	18,430	390	35	100	415
$30,000 to $39,999	16,490	15,855	545	60	35	575
$40,000 to $49,999	14,125	13,555	500	40	30	520
$50,000 to $59,999	10,580	9,950	600	20	0	610
$60,000 to $69,999	7,855	7,490	350	10	10	355
$70,000 to $79,999	5,250	4,995	230	25	0	245
$80,000 and over	9,605	9,065	480	50	10	505
$80,000 to $89,999	3,135	2,945	180	15	0	185
$90,000 to $99,999	1,925	1,775	135	15	0	145
$100,000 and over	4,545	4,345	170	20	10	180
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	124,720	119,770	4,035	395	520	4,235
Without employment income	37,710	36,305	975	80	345	1,015
With employment income	87,015	83,465	3,060	310	180	3,215
Percentage with employment income	69.8	69.7	75.8	78.5	34.6	75.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,325	13,820	415	65	too unreliable to be published F	450
$5,000 to $9,999	7,580	7,325	175	50	too unreliable to be published F	200
$10,000 to $19,999	11,585	11,205	280	35	too unreliable to be published F	295
$20,000 to $29,999	8,785	8,530	215	25	too unreliable to be published F	225
$30,000 to $39,999	8,330	8,020	250	30	too unreliable to be published F	265
$40,000 to $49,999	7,715	7,390	295	25	too unreliable to be published F	305
$50,000 to $59,999	6,495	6,240	235	20	too unreliable to be published F	240
$60,000 to $69,999	5,585	5,200	365	15	too unreliable to be published F	375
$70,000 to $79,999	4,175	3,985	185	0	too unreliable to be published F	185
$80,000 and over	12,450	11,745	640	60	too unreliable to be published F	670
$80,000 to $89,999	3,685	3,500	180	10	too unreliable to be published F	180
$90,000 to $99,999	2,690	2,505	175	15	too unreliable to be published F	180
$100,000 and over	6,070	5,740	290	40	too unreliable to be published F	310
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	124,720	119,770	4,035	395	520	4,230
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	40,325	38,590	1,515	160	65	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	54,228	53,817	65,576	56,625	30,050	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	62,319	62,043	70,416	63,369	34,920	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	146,715	140,835	4,720	530	630	4,980
English only	127,720	127,720	0	0	0	0
French only	270	0	275	0	0	270
English and French	18,065	13,090	4,450	525	0	4,710
Neither English nor French	660	25	0	0	630	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	146,715	140,835	4,720	530	630	4,985
English	136,585	134,335	2,250	0	0	2,250
French	2,215	85	2,135	0	0	2,135
Non-official language	5,195	4,275	10	280	635	150
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5,185	4,260	10	280	630	150
English and French	510	100	235	175	0	325
English and non-official language	2,020	2,015	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	45	0	45	0	0	50
English, French and non-official language	135	30	35	70	0	70
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	146,715	140,840	4,715	525	630	4,985
None	135,275	131,880	2,505	295	595	2,650
English	3,325	2,120	1,075	105	30	1,125
French	3,025	1,985	1,015	25	0	1,030
Non-official language	4,765	4,650	70	35	10	85
Aboriginal	25	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,735	4,625	70	30	10	85
English and French	90	20	0	65	0	40
English and non-official language	90	75	20	10	0	20
French and non-official language	145	110	35	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	146,715	140,840	4,720	525	630	4,985
English	126,745	126,735	10	0	0	10
French	4,655	210	4,445	0	0	4,445
Non-official language	13,415	12,325	90	360	630	270
Aboriginal	40	40	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	13,370	12,285	90	360	630	270
English and French	645	425	60	155	0	140
English and non-official language	1,085	1,090	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	125	25	100	0	0	105
English, French and non-official language	50	30	10	15	0	20
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	146,715	140,840	4,715	530	630	4,985
Official languages	146,060	140,815	4,720	530	0	4,985
English	145,790	140,815	4,445	530	0	4,710
French	18,335	13,090	4,715	525	0	4,980
Non-official languages	18,375	16,730	620	390	630	820
Aboriginal languages	90	80	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	18,290	16,650	610	385	630	810
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	146,715	140,840	4,720	525	630	4,985
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	5,440	5,265	170	10	0	175
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	5,210	5,045	165	0	0	165
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	3,420	3,355	70	0	0	70
Métis	1,735	1,635	95	0	0	100
Inuk (Inuit)	55	55	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	100	95	0	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	125	125	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	141,275	135,575	4,550	525	630	4,810
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	146,715	140,840	4,720	525	630	4,980
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	1,420	1,395	25	0	0	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	145,295	139,445	4,690	525	630	4,960
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	146,715	140,835	4,720	525	635	4,980
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	1,050	1,010	40	0	10	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	1,040	1,000	35	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	820	790	20	0	0	20
Métis single ancestry	205	190	10	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	15	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	10	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	7,370	7,025	335	15	0	340
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	7,195	6,850	335	10	0	340
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,425	5,185	240	0	0	245
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,715	1,610	95	10	0	100
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	50	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	175	175	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	160	160	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	138,295	132,805	4,345	510	625	4,600
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	146,715	140,835	4,720	530	630	4,985
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	141,350	135,945	4,540	490	375	4,785
Canadian citizens only	136,785	131,695	4,370	410	315	4,575
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	4,565	4,250	170	80	65	210
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	5,365	4,890	180	35	255	200
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	146,715	140,835	4,715	530	630	4,980
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	127,430	122,860	4,240	240	85	4,365
Immigrants^Footnote 42	17,590	16,385	430	280	490	575
Before 1981	8,610	8,275	130	65	150	160
1981 to 1990	1,955	1,810	50	20	70	60
1991 to 2000	2,170	1,985	65	60	55	95
2001 to 2010	3,170	2,875	105	110	75	160
2001 to 2005	1,505	1,385	35	60	30	65
2006 to 2010	1,665	1,490	70	55	50	100
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	1,675	1,435	90	25	135	100
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	1,695	1,595	45	10	55	45
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	17,595	16,385	435	285	490	575
Under 5 years	2,240	2,160	55	25	10	70
5 to 14 years	3,595	3,465	90	25	10	105
15 to 24 years	3,990	3,815	60	60	50	90
25 to 44 years	6,700	6,110	195	165	230	280
45 years and over	1,065	835	25	10	195	30
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	17,590	16,385	435	285	485	580
Americas	2,675	2,535	40	65	40	70
Brazil	115	110	0	10	0	0
Colombia	70	40	0	25	0	15
El Salvador	175	130	10	20	15	15
Guyana	85	85	0	0	0	0
Haiti	35	25	0	0	0	10
Jamaica	180	185	0	0	0	0
Mexico	110	100	0	10	0	10
Peru	40	35	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	90	90	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,435	1,425	10	10	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	340	305	10	0	20	15
Europe	8,855	8,475	140	75	165	175
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	30	0	10	0	0
Croatia	25	30	0	0	0	0
France	140	45	95	0	0	90
Germany	760	755	10	0	0	0
Greece	185	185	0	0	0	0
Hungary	90	90	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	130	125	0	0	0	0
Italy	445	415	10	0	15	10
Netherlands	750	740	0	10	0	0
Poland	360	345	0	10	10	10
Portugal	1,300	1,145	10	15	135	15
Romania	85	60	0	30	0	15
Russian Federation	110	100	10	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	70	65	0	10	0	10
Ukraine	95	95	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	3,485	3,485	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	795	760	20	0	10	25
Africa	1,120	845	220	50	10	245
Algeria	35	0	30	0	0	25
Egypt	260	230	10	15	0	20
Ethiopia	20	20	0	0	0	0
Kenya	60	60	0	0	0	0
Morocco	65	15	30	20	0	35
Nigeria	60	60	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	150	145	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	455	290	150	15	0	155
Asia	4,785	4,370	35	95	275	80
Afghanistan	30	30	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	110	115	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	965	800	0	15	150	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	120	115	0	0	10	0
India	740	725	0	10	10	0
Iran^Footnote 53	295	275	10	0	15	0
Iraq	90	85	0	0	0	0
Japan	80	70	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	345	305	0	15	25	10
Lebanon	70	40	15	15	0	25
Pakistan	375	355	0	10	10	0
Philippines	525	520	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	145	145	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	45	25	0	0	20	0
Taiwan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	160	120	0	10	25	10
Other places of birth in Asia	615	575	10	10	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	160	155	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	1,680	1,435	90	25	130	100
Americas	270	250	10	0	10	10
Brazil	55	55	0	0	0	10
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	10	0
Haiti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	30	30	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	115	110	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	35	10	0	0	0
Europe	235	220	10	0	10	15
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	15	15	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	125	125	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	65	55	0	0	0	0
Africa	210	125	65	15	0	75
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	15	0	15	0	0	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	0	25	0	0	25
Egypt	45	35	0	10	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	10	10	0	15
Nigeria	25	20	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	30	10	0	0	10
Asia	955	835	10	10	115	10
Afghanistan	0	10	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	20	20	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	195	130	0	0	60	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	10	0	0	0	0
India	130	135	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	110	105	0	0	10	0
Iraq	25	30	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	40	35	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nepal	15	20	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	40	40	0	0	10	0
Philippines	130	125	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	40	40	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	35	15	0	0	20	0
Taiwan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	10	0	0	10
Viet Nam	25	10	0	0	15	0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	65	0	0	10	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	146,715	140,840	4,720	530	635	4,985
First generation^Footnote 71	20,500	19,140	515	290	545	665
Second generation^Footnote 72	23,375	22,815	355	135	70	420
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	102,840	98,885	3,845	100	15	3,895
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	9,220	8,340	310	225	345	425
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	5,265	4,795	220	140	110	290
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	2,060	1,825	90	80	65	130
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	3,200	2,970	135	55	45	160
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	2,825	2,565	50	40	165	70
Refugees^Footnote 79	1,105	950	40	40	65	65
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	30	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	146,715	140,840	4,720	530	630	4,980
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	11,950	10,905	345	285	415	490
South Asian^Footnote 83	2,460	2,400	0	35	25	20
Chinese	2,565	2,360	0	15	185	10
Black	1,855	1,610	215	25	0	230
Filipino	780	770	0	15	0	10
Latin American	895	755	20	80	40	60
Arab	1,020	810	80	65	60	115
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	560	500	10	20	35	15
West Asian^Footnote 85	460	425	10	10	15	20
Korean	525	475	0	15	35	0
Japanese	215	205	0	0	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	180	180	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	435	415	10	0	15	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	134,765	129,935	4,370	245	215	4,490
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	146,715	140,840	4,720	530	630	4,980
North American Aboriginal origins	8,425	8,035	370	10	0	380
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,425	6,150	265	10	0	270
Inuit	90	90	0	0	0	0
Métis	2,100	1,975	110	10	0	115
Other North American origins	55,830	53,145	2,590	90	0	2,635
Acadian	395	330	60	0	0	60
American	2,170	2,160	10	0	0	10
Canadian	54,235	51,635	2,510	90	0	2,555
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	140	140	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Québécois	75	20	55	0	0	55
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	110,300	106,690	3,135	240	230	3,260
British Isles origins	86,135	85,230	840	55	10	870
Channel Islander	25	30	0	0	0	0
Cornish	20	20	0	0	0	0
English	48,775	48,365	360	35	10	385
Irish	41,410	40,940	455	10	0	465
Manx	50	50	0	0	0	0
Scottish	36,735	36,535	185	15	0	195
Welsh	3,585	3,575	0	0	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	5,185	5,180	0	0	0	10
French origins	21,080	18,210	2,770	90	10	2,815
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	0	10	0	0	0
French	21,070	18,210	2,765	85	0	2,810
Western European origins (except French origins)	24,445	24,085	310	50	0	340
Austrian	845	835	0	10	0	10
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	525	455	55	10	0	60
Dutch	8,860	8,800	45	10	0	50
Flemish	45	45	10	0	0	0
Frisian	50	50	0	0	0	0
German	15,620	15,420	180	15	0	185
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	590	545	40	0	0	45
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,525	4,500	30	0	0	25
Danish	1,180	1,175	10	0	0	10
Finnish	845	835	10	0	0	10
Icelandic	295	295	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,185	1,175	10	0	0	10
Swedish	1,140	1,135	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	195	195	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	10,970	10,750	155	50	15	180
Bulgarian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	30	0	0	0	0
Czech	640	640	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	170	165	0	0	0	0
Estonian	150	155	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,175	1,165	10	0	0	10
Latvian	180	180	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	290	280	10	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Polish	4,310	4,215	65	20	15	75
Romanian	575	520	25	30	0	35
Russian	1,365	1,330	40	0	10	40
Slovak	345	340	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	3,250	3,210	25	10	0	35
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	70	65	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	11,320	10,820	225	75	195	265
Albanian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	25	0	15	0	10
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	290	270	15	0	0	10
Cypriot	15	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	980	965	0	10	0	10
Italian	4,920	4,760	120	15	25	130
Kosovar	10	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Maltese	140	140	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	15	10	0	0	10	0
Portuguese	3,700	3,485	50	30	140	65
Serbian	195	180	0	15	0	10
Sicilian	65	60	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	110	110	0	0	0	0
Spanish	1,110	1,010	55	25	30	60
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	155	155	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	785	770	10	0	0	15
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	410	400	0	0	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	30	30	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	315	310	0	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	1,240	1,205	20	0	10	20
Antiguan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	140	140	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	110	95	0	0	10	0
Dominican	30	30	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	50	40	10	0	0	10
Jamaican	585	575	10	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	125	125	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	15	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	85	85	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	50	50	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,485	1,325	50	75	30	80
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	70	60	0	10	0	0
Arawak	0	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	165	155	10	0	0	10
Chilean	30	35	0	0	0	0
Colombian	120	95	0	25	0	15
Costa Rican	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	65	55	0	0	10	0
Guyanese	155	155	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	20	20	0	0	0	0
Honduran	40	20	0	15	0	10
Maya	25	20	0	0	10	0
Mexican	295	270	10	0	10	10
Nicaraguan	55	50	10	0	0	10
Panamanian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	50	45	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	175	130	10	30	10	20
Uruguayan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	70	75	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	105	100	0	0	0	10
African origins	2,195	1,805	310	75	10	350
Central and West African origins	410	265	145	0	10	145
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroonian	70	0	65	0	0	65
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	15	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	90	80	0	0	10	10
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Liberian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	15	0	20	0	0	20
Nigerian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	15	20	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	30	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	45	25	25	0	0	20
North African origins	805	625	125	55	0	150
Algerian	35	20	15	0	0	20
Berber	50	10	40	0	0	40
Coptic	25	25	10	0	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	450	410	30	10	10	25
Libyan	40	45	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	115	65	30	20	0	35
Sudanese	50	50	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	45	10	20	20	0	25
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	30	15	0	15	0	10
Southern and East African origins	485	460	25	0	0	30
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	0	30	0	0	30
Djiboutian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	65	70	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	40	35	0	0	0	0
South African	240	245	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	535	475	40	20	0	45
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	75	55	10	15	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	485	430	40	20	0	50
Asian origins	9,745	9,125	85	155	370	165
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,105	1,895	75	55	85	100
Afghan	75	70	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	385	340	25	0	20	25
Armenian	100	80	10	10	10	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	585	540	10	10	20	15
Iraqi	95	90	0	0	0	0
Israeli	65	60	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	30	30	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	345	290	30	25	0	40
Palestinian	125	120	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	110	85	0	10	25	0
Syrian	115	90	0	0	20	0
Tajik	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	170	165	10	0	0	10
Turkmen	20	10	0	0	10	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	30	30	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,680	2,610	0	40	25	25
Bangladeshi	95	95	0	0	0	0
Bengali	45	45	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,860	1,810	10	25	20	15
Goan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	30	30	0	10	0	0
Nepali	25	25	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	405	380	0	10	15	0
Punjabi	65	65	0	0	0	10
Sinhalese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	160	165	0	0	0	0
Tamil	40	45	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	75	75	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,095	4,750	10	70	265	40
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	120	115	0	10	0	0
Chinese	2,980	2,770	0	15	180	15
Filipino	890	875	0	10	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	55	50	0	10	0	0
Japanese	270	260	0	0	10	0
Karen	25	20	0	0	10	0
Korean	550	505	0	15	40	10
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	45	40	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	40	40	0	0	0	0
Thai	65	65	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	300	255	0	10	30	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	40	40	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	40	40	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	295	285	10	0	0	10
Australian	210	200	10	0	0	10
New Zealander	70	70	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	20	15	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	124,720	119,770	4,035	395	520	4,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,785	17,100	385	35	265	400
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	34,950	33,745	1,025	65	115	1,055
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	71,985	68,925	2,625	295	140	2,770
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,000	7,555	395	25	20	410
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	3,655	3,395	235	15	10	240
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	4,350	4,160	160	10	10	170
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	30,010	29,055	870	40	45	890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,935	1,815	85	10	20	85
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	32,040	30,495	1,275	220	50	1,385
Bachelor's degree	18,880	18,070	700	85	25	740
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,690	1,610	50	15	10	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,510	1,475	25	10	0	35
Master's degree	6,935	6,590	270	65	15	305
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	3,025	2,750	220	55	0	245
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	124,725	119,770	4,035	395	525	4,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	52,740	50,850	1,405	100	385	1,455
Education	4,840	4,600	215	25	0	225
13. Education	4,840	4,600	215	20	10	230
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,450	2,325	110	10	10	115
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	375	330	45	0	0	45
50. Visual and performing arts	2,070	1,990	70	10	10	70
Humanities	4,595	4,295	235	50	10	265
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	355	300	45	10	0	50
23. English language and literature/letters	1,305	1,255	45	0	10	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	870	815	40	15	0	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	60	60	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	345	345	10	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	440	420	15	0	10	15
54. History	985	945	30	0	0	35
55. French language and literature/letters	230	165	50	15	0	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,710	9,350	310	35	15	325
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	155	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	685	650	40	0	0	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,735	1,675	45	10	0	45
22. Legal professions and studies	1,375	1,335	40	0	0	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	730	700	15	15	0	25
42. Psychology	1,940	1,890	45	0	10	45
45. Social sciences	3,075	2,945	125	10	0	125
Business, management and public administration	11,640	11,105	455	45	35	480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,520	1,495	20	10	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,105	9,595	430	40	40	455
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,715	3,520	170	15	15	170
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,925	1,880	45	0	0	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	340	35	0	0	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	30	30	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,260	1,155	80	10	15	90
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	115	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,575	2,430	130	15	0	140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,865	1,740	110	15	0	115
25. Library science	165	165	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	520	490	20	10	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	25	25	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	12,185	11,675	435	40	35	450
04. Architecture and related services	395	380	15	0	0	10
14. Engineering	3,115	2,920	145	30	15	160
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,710	2,630	75	0	10	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,860	2,770	75	10	0	80
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,255	2,170	90	0	10	85
48. Precision production	840	800	40	0	10	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,000	955	40	0	10	40
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	555	525	15	0	10	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	450	425	25	0	0	25
Health and related fields	14,205	13,830	320	45	10	345
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	955	925	25	0	10	25
51. Health professions and related programs	12,675	12,340	295	35	10	315
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	580	565	10	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,050	4,830	200	15	10	210
12. Personal and culinary services	2,560	2,450	100	15	10	105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	195	180	15	0	0	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	145	30	0	0	30
43. Security and protective services	1,620	1,570	45	10	0	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	480	20	0	0	20
Other	15	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	124,725	119,770	4,035	395	525	4,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,740	50,845	1,405	100	380	1,455
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	71,980	68,925	2,625	295	140	2,775
Location of study inside Canada	64,265	61,690	2,385	175	15	2,470
Same as province or territory of residence	56,905	55,355	1,445	95	10	1,495
Different than province or territory of residence	7,355	6,340	935	80	0	970
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	7,725	7,230	250	115	125	305
United States^Footnote 130	1,980	1,925	35	10	0	45
Philippines	320	325	0	0	0	0
India	420	420	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,445	1,430	15	0	0	20
China^Footnote 132	410	335	0	10	70	0
France	135	40	85	10	0	95
Other	3,005	2,755	105	90	60	145
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	124,725	119,770	4,035	395	525	not applicable ...
In the labour force	77,390	74,360	2,595	305	135	not applicable ...
Employed	71,620	68,780	2,445	270	120	not applicable ...
Unemployed	5,775	5,580	150	35	15	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	47,335	45,410	1,445	95	385	not applicable ...
Participation rate	62.0	62.1	64.3	77.2	25.7	not applicable ...
Employment rate	57.4	57.4	60.6	68.4	22.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.5	5.8	11.5	11.1	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	124,725	119,770	4,035	395	520	4,235
Did not work^Footnote 135	43,595	41,875	1,245	100	375	1,295
Worked	81,130	77,890	2,790	295	150	2,935
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	41,280	39,510	1,535	160	75	1,620
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	39,845	38,380	1,255	130	70	1,320
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	42.7	43.9	42.5	41.2	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	83,270	79,955	2,850	315	155	3,000
a.Management	7,570	7,270	265	40	0	285
00 Senior management occupations	580	560	20	0	0	20
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	2,985	2,805	170	10	0	175
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,650	2,565	60	30	0	70
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,355	1,340	15	0	0	15
b.Professional	18,965	18,035	820	110	0	875
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,985	1,915	60	10	0	70
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	2,485	2,405	85	0	0	80
30 Professional occupations in nursing	2,230	2,175	45	10	0	50
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,375	2,310	60	10	0	60
40 Professional occupations in education services	6,225	5,705	450	70	0	485
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,660	2,565	80	20	0	85
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,000	960	40	0	0	45
c.Technical and paraprofessional	9,665	9,020	605	40	0	625
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,020	1,920	90	10	0	95
32 Technical occupations in health	1,890	1,830	50	10	0	55
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,970	1,850	110	20	0	115
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,040	1,720	315	0	0	320
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,745	1,695	45	10	0	45
d.Administration and administrative support	9,750	9,325	380	35	10	400
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	4,505	4,265	215	25	0	230
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	705	690	20	0	0	20
14 Office support occupations	3,365	3,230	130	10	0	135
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,175	1,145	20	10	0	25
e.Sales	7,800	7,595	180	25	0	195
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,475	1,430	40	0	0	45
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	3,570	3,495	70	10	0	75
66 Sales support occupations	2,755	2,670	70	15	0	75
f.Personal and customer information services	17,215	16,680	360	55	115	390
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,510	1,495	15	10	0	15
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,325	2,285	35	10	0	40
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	3,185	3,055	60	15	55	65
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,370	4,215	130	15	15	135
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	5,820	5,625	125	25	50	135
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	5,090	4,970	110	10	10	115
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,605	3,520	75	0	10	70
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,490	1,450	40	10	0	40
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,265	4,155	95	0	10	95
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	775	755	20	0	0	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,410	2,365	35	0	0	40
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,080	1,035	40	0	10	40
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,205	1,185	10	0	0	15
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	175	170	0	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	310	305	0	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	725	710	10	0	0	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,750	1,725	15	0	10	15
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	305	300	0	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	605	610	0	0	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	325	315	0	0	0	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	520	500	0	0	10	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	83,270	79,955	2,850	315	150	3,005
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	770	770	0	0	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	680	680	0	0	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	25	25	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	15	20	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	50	50	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	155	10	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	15	10	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	65	65	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	80	80	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	520	505	15	0	0	20
221 Utilities	520	505	15	0	0	15
23 Construction	5,415	5,300	90	0	15	90
236 Construction of buildings	1,455	1,410	35	0	10	35
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	625	605	20	0	0	20
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,330	3,280	35	0	0	40
31-33 Manufacturing	3,415	3,370	25	10	10	30
311 Food manufacturing	300	290	0	0	0	10
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	100	105	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	55	50	10	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	30	35	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	25	25	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	85	85	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	60	65	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	95	95	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	20	15	0	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	635	635	0	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	200	205	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	185	185	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	290	285	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	235	235	0	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	240	235	0	0	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	95	100	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	90	80	10	0	0	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	355	345	10	0	0	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	80	80	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	225	225	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,605	1,565	25	10	0	30
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	10	10	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	30	25	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	370	370	0	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	200	200	0	0	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	125	120	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	295	285	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	345	325	15	0	0	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	185	190	0	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	40	35	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	9,630	9,465	140	25	0	150
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,015	995	20	0	0	20
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	285	285	10	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	310	305	0	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	785	780	10	0	0	10
445 Food and beverage stores	2,160	2,125	30	0	0	30
446 Health and personal care stores	970	960	0	10	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	275	260	10	10	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	950	945	10	0	0	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	485	475	10	0	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,300	1,265	25	0	0	30
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	705	690	20	0	0	15
454 Non-store retailers	385	390	0	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,115	2,045	55	10	10	60
481 Air transportation	50	45	0	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	70	70	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	30	35	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	500	500	0	0	0	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	650	625	15	0	0	20
486 Pipeline transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	60	55	10	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	230	215	10	0	0	10
491 Postal service	185	185	10	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	240	230	10	0	10	10
493 Warehousing and storage	90	80	0	0	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	1,250	1,200	45	0	0	50
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	255	240	15	0	0	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	245	240	0	0	0	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	95	85	10	0	0	10
517 Telecommunications	365	355	10	0	0	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	40	40	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	255	245	10	0	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	2,335	2,240	90	10	0	90
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	835	810	20	0	0	20
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	435	420	15	0	0	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	1,060	1,005	55	10	0	55
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	10	10	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,600	1,560	30	10	10	30
531 Real estate	1,400	1,370	20	0	10	25
532 Rental and leasing services	195	185	0	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,165	4,030	125	10	0	135
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,160	4,030	130	10	0	130
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	45	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	45	50	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,935	3,805	100	25	10	115
561 Administrative and support services	3,760	3,625	100	25	10	110
562 Waste management and remediation services	180	180	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	11,065	10,410	550	100	0	600
611 Educational services	11,065	10,410	555	100	0	605
62 Health care and social assistance	12,880	12,540	305	25	0	320
621 Ambulatory health care services	3,540	3,460	70	10	0	75
622 Hospitals	5,300	5,185	110	10	0	110
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,940	1,905	35	0	10	30
624 Social assistance	2,095	1,990	100	0	0	105
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,975	1,945	20	10	0	25
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	625	620	10	0	0	10
712 Heritage institutions	220	225	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,125	1,100	15	10	0	20
72 Accommodation and food services	7,480	7,215	155	30	85	175
721 Accommodation services	1,175	1,150	10	0	0	20
722 Food services and drinking places	6,305	6,060	140	25	80	155
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,375	3,230	110	15	15	125
811 Repair and maintenance	920	865	35	10	0	45
812 Personal and laundry services	1,150	1,105	30	10	15	30
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,075	1,035	40	0	0	40
814 Private households	230	220	10	0	0	10
91 Public administration	9,550	8,585	940	25	0	955
911 Federal government public administration	6,185	5,290	865	25	0	880
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,430	1,385	40	0	0	40
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,915	1,885	30	0	0	35
914 Aboriginal public administration	10	10	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	71,615	68,780	2,445	270	120	2,580
Worked at home	4,850	4,685	145	20	0	150
Worked outside Canada	330	310	25	0	0	25
No fixed workplace address	7,220	6,985	200	20	15	210
Worked at usual place	59,220	56,800	2,080	230	105	2,195
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	83,270	79,960	2,845	310	155	3,005
English	81,570	79,135	2,175	230	40	2,285
French	750	245	470	30	0	490
Non-official language	270	175	0	10	90	0
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	260	165	0	0	95	0
English and French	460	215	195	45	0	220
English and non-official language	205	180	0	0	20	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	83,270	79,955	2,845	315	155	3,005
None	78,605	76,985	1,305	205	110	1,415
English	655	280	330	25	25	340
French	3,355	2,095	1,195	70	0	1,230
Non-official language	600	575	10	0	15	10
Aboriginal	15	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	585	560	10	0	15	10
English and French	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	25	10	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	59,225	56,805	2,080	235	105	2,195
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	46,205	44,110	1,805	190	100	1,900
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,275	7,110	160	10	0	165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,495	5,360	90	40	0	110
Commute to a different province or territory	250	220	30	0	0	30
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	66,440	63,795	2,280	250	115	2,405
Car, truck, van - as a driver	49,685	47,650	1,785	180	65	1,880
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,590	4,395	130	35	30	150
Public transit	4,700	4,545	135	0	15	135
Walked	5,370	5,165	170	15	10	180
Bicycle	1,350	1,300	45	10	0	50
Other method	745	730	10	0	10	10
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	66,440	63,790	2,280	250	120	2,405
Less than 15 minutes	22,760	21,700	915	95	50	965
15 to 29 minutes	28,925	27,750	995	125	55	1,055
30 to 44 minutes	9,945	9,655	255	25	10	265
45 to 59 minutes	2,450	2,390	50	10	10	55
60 minutes and over	2,360	2,295	65	0	0	60
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	66,440	63,790	2,280	250	120	2,405
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,205	3,105	95	0	0	100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,535	11,135	370	20	10	380
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,245	19,325	845	65	10	875
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	15,080	14,430	570	70	10	605
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,990	6,715	165	45	75	185
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,380	9,085	240	40	20	250
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	145,350	139,550	4,690	515	590	4,945
Non-movers	123,205	118,525	3,800	435	445	4,020
Movers	22,140	21,025	890	80	145	925
Non-migrants	13,210	12,845	310	30	35	325
Migrants	8,930	8,185	580	55	110	610
Internal migrants	7,735	7,130	520	50	30	545
Intraprovincial migrants	6,045	5,815	200	10	20	205
Interprovincial migrants	1,685	1,315	320	35	15	340
External migrants	1,195	1,055	60	0	75	60
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	139,665	134,100	4,540	480	540	4,780
Non-movers	82,940	80,130	2,305	235	275	2,415
Movers	56,720	53,975	2,235	250	260	2,360
Non-migrants	30,230	29,375	730	85	40	775
Migrants	26,490	24,600	1,500	165	220	1,585
Internal migrants	22,975	21,365	1,390	130	90	1,455
Intraprovincial migrants	18,260	17,510	640	50	60	665
Interprovincial migrants	4,715	3,850	750	85	30	790
External migrants	3,520	3,235	115	30	135	130

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Frontenac

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.