Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Pickering, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	90,995	88,430	1,230	415	920	1,440
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	90,990	88,430	1,225	420	920	1,435
0 to 14 years	14,885	14,380	185	155	165	260
0 to 4 years	4,540	4,280	75	30	155	90
5 to 9 years	4,900	4,785	80	25	10	90
10 to 14 years	5,445	5,310	35	95	0	80
15 to 64 years	63,300	61,895	830	240	340	950
15 to 19 years	6,265	6,175	40	50	10	65
20 to 24 years	6,650	6,575	55	25	0	65
25 to 29 years	5,500	5,445	30	20	10	40
30 to 34 years	5,430	5,330	50	25	30	60
35 to 39 years	5,385	5,215	120	35	15	135
40 to 44 years	5,695	5,550	95	35	15	115
45 to 49 years	6,660	6,505	95	30	25	115
50 to 54 years	8,160	7,990	85	20	65	95
55 to 59 years	7,485	7,255	140	10	75	145
60 to 64 years	6,080	5,860	120	10	95	125
65 years and over	12,805	12,150	215	30	420	230
65 to 69 years	4,890	4,735	45	15	95	50
70 to 74 years	3,060	2,900	75	0	80	75
75 to 79 years	2,280	2,125	35	10	115	35
80 to 84 years	1,455	1,325	60	0	70	60
85 years and over	1,125	1,065	10	0	55	10
85 to 89 years	775	745	0	0	25	0
90 to 94 years	260	235	0	0	20	0
95 to 99 years	75	65	0	0	10	10
100 years and over	10	15	0	0	0	0
Average age	40.1	40.0	44.7	28.1	54.4	not applicable ...
Median age	41.4	41.2	47.5	21.6	62.9	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	76,105	74,045	1,045	265	755	1,180
Married or living common law	44,310	42,925	745	160	485	820
Married	39,635	38,395	615	155	470	695
Living common law	4,670	4,530	125	0	10	125
Not married and not living common law	31,800	31,115	300	110	275	355
Never married	22,450	22,190	145	90	20	190
Separated	1,920	1,865	35	0	15	35
Divorced	3,940	3,850	55	10	35	55
Widowed	3,495	3,210	70	10	205	70
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	76,105	74,040	1,045	265	755	1,175
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	72,125	70,165	1,005	245	710	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,188	51,462	59,541	47,015	13,749	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,412	38,790	48,312	35,179	14,190	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	72,145	70,190	1,010	240	710	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,519	41,727	47,419	39,703	13,299	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,534	34,876	42,044	32,057	14,190	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,870	64,360	940	210	365	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,986	51,111	58,048	49,361	11,465	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,676	37,806	48,575	33,048	7,119	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,265	47,810	655	150	650	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,776	6,726	8,655	6,275	8,654	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,974	2,925	7,084	2,490	5,434	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	56,200	55,040	760	185	220	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,172	51,243	57,434	46,664	15,714	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,486	39,564	48,815	41,758	12,010	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	91.0	91.1	90.7	90.0	42.6	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	77.9	78.1	72.1	74.9	36.2	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	9.0	8.9	9.4	8.6	57.6	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	76,110	74,045	1,040	265	755	1,175
Without total income	3,980	3,880	35	25	40	50
With total income	72,130	70,165	1,005	240	710	1,125
Percentage with total income	94.8	94.8	96.6	90.6	94.0	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,305	10,865	120	45	275	140
$10,000 to $19,999	10,935	10,470	135	35	295	150
$20,000 to $29,999	8,010	7,840	65	25	75	75
$30,000 to $39,999	6,860	6,680	110	25	45	125
$40,000 to $49,999	6,625	6,520	90	10	10	100
$50,000 to $59,999	5,780	5,640	105	20	15	115
$60,000 to $69,999	5,035	4,930	90	15	0	100
$70,000 to $79,999	4,045	3,955	70	25	0	80
$80,000 to $89,999	3,130	3,085	40	10	0	40
$90,000 to $99,999	2,690	2,640	45	0	0	45
$100,000 and over	7,705	7,535	140	25	0	155
$100,000 to $149,999	5,210	5,110	85	15	0	100
$150,000 and over	2,495	2,430	55	0	0	65
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	76,110	74,045	1,045	265	755	1,180
Without after-tax income	3,960	3,855	35	20	45	45
With after-tax income	72,150	70,190	1,010	245	715	1,125
Percentage with after-tax income	94.8	94.8	96.7	92.5	94.7	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,635	11,180	135	50	270	160
$10,000 to $19,999	11,285	10,810	130	35	300	150
$20,000 to $29,999	9,395	9,180	95	30	85	110
$30,000 to $39,999	8,520	8,350	120	25	30	135
$40,000 to $49,999	8,105	7,925	130	25	25	145
$50,000 to $59,999	6,665	6,525	120	10	0	130
$60,000 to $69,999	5,020	4,920	70	30	0	85
$70,000 to $79,999	3,945	3,880	60	0	0	65
$80,000 and over	7,590	7,420	140	30	0	160
$80,000 to $89,999	2,510	2,480	25	10	0	30
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530	1,495	30	10	0	35
$100,000 and over	3,550	3,450	90	15	0	95
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	76,110	74,045	1,045	265	755	1,175
Without employment income	19,910	19,010	290	85	535	325
With employment income	56,200	55,040	760	185	225	845
Percentage with employment income	73.8	74.3	72.7	69.8	29.8	71.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,475	7,290	105	too unreliable to be published F	55	115
$5,000 to $9,999	4,360	4,255	60	too unreliable to be published F	30	70
$10,000 to $19,999	6,790	6,630	55	too unreliable to be published F	80	65
$20,000 to $29,999	4,835	4,735	45	too unreliable to be published F	20	60
$30,000 to $39,999	4,945	4,850	65	too unreliable to be published F	20	65
$40,000 to $49,999	4,640	4,570	60	too unreliable to be published F	0	65
$50,000 to $59,999	4,540	4,435	65	too unreliable to be published F	10	75
$60,000 to $69,999	4,005	3,935	60	too unreliable to be published F	0	65
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	3,125	55	too unreliable to be published F	0	60
$80,000 and over	11,425	11,210	190	too unreliable to be published F	0	195
$80,000 to $89,999	2,665	2,625	30	too unreliable to be published F	0	35
$90,000 to $99,999	2,375	2,330	40	too unreliable to be published F	0	40
$100,000 and over	6,380	6,250	120	too unreliable to be published F	0	125
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	76,110	74,045	1,045	265	755	1,175
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	28,215	27,685	390	90	55	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	61,796	61,726	73,989	58,997	23,053	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	72,771	72,690	86,041	68,060	23,590	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	90,995	88,425	1,230	420	920	1,440
English only	83,360	83,360	0	0	0	0
French only	95	0	95	0	0	95
English and French	6,605	5,055	1,135	420	0	1,345
Neither English nor French	940	20	0	0	920	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	90,995	88,425	1,230	420	920	1,435
English	76,760	76,090	670	0	0	670
French	440	30	410	0	0	410
Non-official language	8,505	7,330	10	245	920	135
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	8,505	7,330	15	245	920	135
English and French	235	60	70	110	0	120
English and non-official language	4,890	4,880	10	0	0	15
French and non-official language	45	0	40	0	0	40
English, French and non-official language	120	40	15	65	0	45
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	90,995	88,430	1,230	420	920	1,440
None	78,245	76,470	645	255	880	775
English	4,465	4,115	195	130	30	255
French	990	705	285	0	0	285
Non-official language	7,165	7,040	95	20	15	100
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,165	7,035	90	20	10	105
English and French	20	0	0	20	0	10
English and non-official language	45	40	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	65	60	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	90,990	88,430	1,225	420	920	1,435
English	67,430	67,420	10	0	0	10
French	1,125	75	1,050	0	0	1,050
Non-official language	19,975	18,650	95	310	920	250
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	19,970	18,650	95	310	920	250
English and French	340	235	10	95	0	50
English and non-official language	2,000	2,000	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	80	10	65	0	0	70
English, French and non-official language	50	30	10	10	0	10
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	90,995	88,430	1,230	420	920	1,435
Official languages	90,055	88,410	1,230	415	0	1,435
English	89,960	88,410	1,135	420	0	1,345
French	6,700	5,055	1,225	420	0	1,440
Non-official languages	26,295	24,710	340	320	920	505
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	26,290	24,710	345	320	920	505
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	90,990	88,425	1,230	420	920	1,435
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	1,070	1,020	40	15	0	45
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	1,045	990	35	15	0	45
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	550	530	20	0	0	15
Métis	460	425	25	15	0	30
Inuk (Inuit)	40	40	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	25	25	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	89,920	87,405	1,190	405	920	1,395
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	90,990	88,430	1,225	415	920	1,435
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	290	280	0	15	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,705	88,155	1,225	405	920	1,435
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	90,990	88,425	1,225	420	920	1,440
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	175	170	0	0	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	160	155	0	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	130	125	10	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	25	25	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	1,685	1,605	55	25	0	65
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	1,635	1,565	50	25	0	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,105	1,060	30	10	0	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	515	480	20	15	0	30
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	25	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	45	40	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	40	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	89,135	86,655	1,170	395	915	1,370
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	90,995	88,430	1,225	420	920	1,435
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	86,615	84,515	1,150	385	565	1,345
Canadian citizens only	81,220	79,405	1,055	290	470	1,205
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	5,395	5,110	95	90	100	140
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	4,380	3,915	80	35	355	95
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	90,995	88,430	1,230	420	920	1,440
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	59,410	58,155	895	200	155	1,000
Immigrants^Footnote 42	31,155	29,920	305	205	730	410
Before 1981	11,455	11,230	70	35	120	90
1981 to 1990	4,850	4,735	25	30	50	40
1991 to 2000	6,775	6,540	70	45	125	90
2001 to 2010	6,155	5,720	85	85	260	130
2001 to 2005	3,475	3,255	50	65	105	80
2006 to 2010	2,680	2,465	35	20	160	45
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	1,925	1,695	50	10	170	55
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	430	355	25	10	40	30
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	31,155	29,920	305	205	730	410
Under 5 years	3,330	3,230	30	45	25	55
5 to 14 years	6,350	6,285	35	25	0	50
15 to 24 years	7,955	7,775	60	45	75	80
25 to 44 years	11,400	10,965	160	80	195	200
45 years and over	2,120	1,665	20	0	430	20
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	31,155	29,920	305	205	725	410
Americas	8,970	8,845	65	20	40	75
Brazil	50	45	0	0	0	0
Colombia	120	105	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	130	125	0	0	0	0
Guyana	2,220	2,220	0	0	0	0
Haiti	60	10	40	15	0	45
Jamaica	2,700	2,695	0	0	0	0
Mexico	80	75	0	0	0	0
Peru	85	65	0	0	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1,505	1,510	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	635	630	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	1,390	1,365	10	0	15	10
Europe	7,645	7,400	40	70	140	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	45	0	0	0	0
Croatia	70	70	0	0	0	0
France	50	20	20	10	0	25
Germany	555	550	0	0	0	0
Greece	490	470	0	0	20	0
Hungary	175	180	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	195	195	0	0	0	0
Italy	700	640	0	10	50	10
Netherlands	165	165	0	0	0	0
Poland	415	395	0	10	10	10
Portugal	345	335	10	0	10	0
Romania	415	350	0	45	20	20
Russian Federation	65	65	0	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	60	55	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	60	60	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	2,985	2,975	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	860	830	0	0	25	10
Africa	1,715	1,500	165	35	15	185
Algeria	10	10	10	0	0	0
Egypt	300	270	10	10	10	15
Ethiopia	85	80	0	0	0	0
Kenya	180	180	0	0	0	0
Morocco	25	10	0	10	0	10
Nigeria	150	150	0	0	0	0
Somalia	45	45	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	215	215	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	710	535	155	15	0	160
Asia	12,690	12,045	30	80	535	65
Afghanistan	760	695	0	10	50	10
Bangladesh	300	295	0	0	0	10
China^Footnote 51	695	520	0	0	175	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	325	300	0	0	20	0
India	2,675	2,565	10	10	90	15
Iran^Footnote 53	265	245	10	0	10	10
Iraq	205	205	0	0	0	0
Japan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	180	160	0	0	20	0
Lebanon	280	260	0	10	10	10
Pakistan	1,900	1,820	0	25	60	15
Philippines	2,195	2,180	0	0	15	0
Sri Lanka	1,590	1,520	0	10	60	10
Syria^Footnote 55	105	80	0	10	10	10
Taiwan	80	80	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	160	150	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	945	925	10	10	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	130	130	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	1,930	1,695	55	10	170	55
Americas	405	375	15	10	10	15
Brazil	15	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	125	125	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15	20	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	70	75	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	155	140	10	0	10	10
Europe	220	185	10	0	30	10
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	35	20	0	0	15	0
Russian Federation	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	25	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	60	55	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	65	55	0	0	15	0
Africa	60	40	20	0	0	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	35	15	0	0	15
Asia	1,235	1,090	10	0	130	0
Afghanistan	40	30	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	35	40	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	95	45	0	0	50	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	10	10	0	0	0	0
India	305	285	0	0	20	0
Iran^Footnote 65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	10	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	25	15	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	40	25	10	0	10	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	205	195	0	0	10	0
Philippines	185	185	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	30	20	0	0	10	0
Sri Lanka	160	145	0	0	15	0
Syria^Footnote 67	20	15	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	30	30	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	25	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	90,995	88,430	1,230	420	920	1,440
First generation^Footnote 71	32,010	30,685	330	220	765	445
Second generation^Footnote 72	28,445	27,890	225	185	150	315
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	30,535	29,855	670	10	10	675
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	20,170	19,160	235	175	610	320
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	8,890	8,645	80	85	80	125
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	3,330	3,220	55	35	25	70
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	5,560	5,430	30	50	55	55
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	8,145	7,660	70	30	380	85
Refugees^Footnote 79	3,000	2,750	85	55	120	110
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	130	100	0	0	30	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	90,995	88,430	1,225	420	920	1,440
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	39,045	37,620	430	270	725	565
South Asian^Footnote 83	13,820	13,330	85	115	280	145
Chinese	2,455	2,200	10	0	245	10
Black	9,810	9,525	235	50	0	260
Filipino	3,410	3,380	0	15	15	10
Latin American	1,135	1,070	0	0	60	10
Arab	1,520	1,440	30	20	25	45
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	405	385	0	0	15	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	1,575	1,470	20	20	60	35
Korean	295	275	0	0	20	0
Japanese	305	300	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	2,285	2,210	30	40	0	55
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	2,025	2,015	10	0	0	10
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	51,950	50,810	795	145	195	870
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	90,995	88,430	1,225	420	920	1,440
North American Aboriginal origins	1,855	1,775	60	25	0	70
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,275	1,225	40	10	0	40
Inuit	45	45	0	0	0	0
Métis	595	555	25	10	0	30
Other North American origins	18,875	18,425	380	60	10	415
Acadian	90	65	20	0	0	20
American	985	985	0	0	0	0
Canadian	18,040	17,630	340	60	0	370
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	100	100	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	40	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Québécois	60	45	15	0	0	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	51,170	50,140	690	150	190	765
British Isles origins	32,780	32,550	200	30	10	215
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	15	0	0	0	0
English	18,620	18,520	85	10	0	90
Irish	13,360	13,235	95	15	0	105
Manx	15	15	0	0	0	0
Scottish	13,970	13,930	40	0	0	40
Welsh	1,405	1,400	0	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	2,400	2,390	10	0	0	10
French origins	5,275	4,645	590	40	0	610
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	5,275	4,645	595	40	10	610
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,020	8,925	70	20	0	85
Austrian	590	570	0	15	0	15
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	130	110	15	0	0	15
Dutch	2,530	2,515	15	0	0	15
Flemish	25	25	0	0	0	0
Frisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	6,225	6,195	15	20	0	25
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	305	290	15	0	0	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	30	20	10	0	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,255	1,250	10	0	0	10
Danish	250	250	0	0	0	0
Finnish	325	325	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	25	25	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	335	335	0	0	0	0
Swedish	325	320	0	0	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	75	70	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	6,670	6,505	10	95	60	60
Bulgarian	150	135	0	10	0	0
Byelorussian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Czech	250	250	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	70	70	0	0	0	0
Estonian	185	185	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	975	965	0	10	0	0
Latvian	145	150	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	170	170	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,310	2,265	10	20	25	10
Romanian	720	620	0	65	30	35
Russian	740	740	0	0	0	0
Slovak	80	80	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,915	1,890	0	0	10	10
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	20	20	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	13,860	13,640	65	30	135	85
Albanian	55	50	0	0	10	0
Bosnian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	285	280	10	0	0	0
Cypriot	115	115	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,270	2,230	10	10	25	10
Italian	5,935	5,830	30	15	55	40
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	1,245	1,225	0	0	15	0
Maltese	280	285	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	30	30	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,730	2,710	10	10	10	10
Serbian	160	160	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	45	40	0	0	0	10
Slovenian	175	175	0	0	0	0
Spanish	1,705	1,675	10	0	15	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	130	130	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	390	390	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	220	220	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	160	165	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	9,950	9,800	110	40	0	130
Antiguan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	765	765	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Carib	25	25	0	0	0	0
Cuban	130	130	0	0	0	0
Dominican	145	140	0	0	0	10
Grenadian	295	295	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	170	50	90	30	0	110
Jamaican	5,515	5,495	10	10	0	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	140	135	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,740	1,725	10	10	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	175	175	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,435	1,440	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	320	305	10	0	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,715	3,650	15	10	40	20
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	150	150	0	0	10	0
Arawak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	60	55	0	0	10	0
Chilean	60	60	0	0	10	0
Colombian	135	125	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	80	85	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	75	75	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	2,245	2,245	0	0	0	10
Hispanic	55	50	0	0	10	0
Honduran	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	200	185	0	0	10	10
Nicaraguan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	125	120	0	0	10	0
Salvadorean	165	150	0	10	0	0
Uruguayan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	170	165	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	100	100	0	0	0	0
African origins	3,700	3,430	205	50	10	230
Central and West African origins	490	400	85	10	0	90
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	35	20	15	0	0	10
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	70	0	55	10	0	55
Edo	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	130	125	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	160	160	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	20	0	20	0	0	20
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	30	30	0	0	0	0
North African origins	645	575	35	30	0	45
Algerian	15	10	0	10	0	0
Berber	10	10	0	0	0	0
Coptic	20	25	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	445	410	15	15	0	25
Libyan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maure	20	20	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	75	50	10	15	0	15
Sudanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	30	25	10	0	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	650	610	35	0	0	40
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	10	0	10	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	40	35	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	190	190	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	45	40	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	55	20	35	0	0	35
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	105	100	0	0	0	0
South African	185	180	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	75	65	0	10	0	0
Other African origins	1,935	1,865	45	15	0	55
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	325	320	0	0	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	1,615	1,550	50	15	0	55
Asian origins	26,810	25,760	170	185	690	265
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,970	3,720	60	60	125	90
Afghan	1,270	1,205	0	0	50	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	315	295	10	0	15	10
Armenian	255	220	20	10	10	25
Assyrian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	30	10	20	10	0	20
Iranian	530	490	0	10	20	10
Iraqi	200	200	0	0	0	0
Israeli	70	65	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	45	20	0	25	0	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	645	625	10	0	10	15
Palestinian	300	300	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	30	35	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	235	225	0	0	15	0
Tajik	60	55	0	0	10	0
Tatar	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turk	110	105	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	20	15	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	190	190	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	15,140	14,680	85	110	270	145
Bangladeshi	170	170	0	0	0	0
Bengali	140	135	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	10,555	10,300	45	45	165	70
Goan	90	85	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	25	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	25	25	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,805	1,740	0	15	50	0
Punjabi	255	250	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	60	60	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	2,030	1,945	10	40	45	25
Tamil	730	680	0	10	35	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	870	800	30	15	30	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	8,500	8,130	40	30	300	55
Burmese	40	45	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	20	0	0	0	0
Chinese	3,915	3,660	10	0	255	10
Filipino	3,720	3,670	15	15	15	20
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	90	0	0	0	0
Japanese	365	360	0	0	10	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	305	290	0	0	20	0
Laotian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	65	35	20	0	0	25
Singaporean	25	25	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	95	95	0	0	0	0
Thai	35	35	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	335	320	0	0	15	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	65	65	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	145	135	0	0	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	150	135	0	0	10	0
Oceania origins	190	185	0	0	0	0
Australian	145	145	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	25	25	0	0	0	0
Fijian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	76,110	74,045	1,045	265	755	1,175
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,375	9,810	105	35	425	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	22,125	21,665	205	65	195	240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,610	42,570	735	165	135	820
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,525	4,410	90	0	20	90
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	2,210	2,155	40	0	15	40
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	2,315	2,255	50	10	0	50
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,965	17,635	230	55	55	255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,965	1,910	20	20	15	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	19,160	18,620	400	90	50	445
Bachelor's degree	14,020	13,685	250	65	20	280
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,410	1,335	50	0	20	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	405	395	10	0	0	10
Master's degree	3,015	2,920	75	10	10	80
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	310	285	20	0	0	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	76,110	74,045	1,045	265	755	1,175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	32,500	31,470	305	100	615	355
Education	2,345	2,265	65	0	15	65
13. Education	2,340	2,265	70	0	15	65
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,660	1,640	20	0	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	325	325	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,335	1,320	15	0	10	15
Humanities	2,305	2,225	35	20	15	50
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	175	160	0	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	575	570	0	0	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	710	675	15	10	15	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	25	30	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	150	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	210	0	0	0	0
54. History	380	370	10	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	70	60	0	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,990	5,860	80	40	10	105
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	60	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	615	595	10	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,070	1,050	10	0	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	1,015	1,010	10	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	110	110	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	935	910	20	0	0	25
45. Social sciences	2,175	2,130	35	10	0	40
Business, management and public administration	11,020	10,750	190	50	25	220
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	25	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	725	715	0	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,265	10,005	185	50	25	205
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,760	1,685	50	10	20	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	720	690	20	0	10	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	485	465	15	0	10	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	25	20	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	425	420	10	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	100	0	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,320	2,290	25	0	0	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,020	1,990	20	10	0	25
25. Library science	35	40	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	240	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	25	20	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,235	8,050	130	30	25	145
04. Architecture and related services	345	340	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	2,085	2,020	40	10	20	45
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,895	1,840	35	10	10	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,630	1,600	25	10	0	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,510	1,490	15	0	0	20
48. Precision production	770	760	10	0	10	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425	405	15	0	0	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	225	215	10	0	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	190	10	0	0	10
Health and related fields	5,475	5,365	85	10	15	95
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	625	615	10	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,730	4,625	75	10	15	80
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	120	120	10	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,080	2,035	35	0	0	40
12. Personal and culinary services	1,070	1,045	20	0	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	675	665	10	0	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	325	320	0	0	0	10
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	76,110	74,045	1,045	265	755	1,180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,500	31,475	310	100	620	355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	43,610	42,570	735	165	135	820
Location of study inside Canada	34,780	34,060	600	120	0	660
Same as province or territory of residence	32,935	32,470	385	80	0	425
Different than province or territory of residence	1,845	1,585	215	40	0	235
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	8,830	8,515	135	45	135	155
United States^Footnote 130	1,105	1,080	20	0	10	25
Philippines	1,005	1,005	0	0	0	0
India	1,230	1,215	0	0	10	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,080	1,065	0	10	0	10
China^Footnote 132	200	150	0	0	50	0
France	55	25	35	0	0	35
Other	4,160	3,975	75	35	75	90
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	76,110	74,045	1,045	265	755	not applicable ...
In the labour force	51,835	50,845	695	175	115	not applicable ...
Employed	47,690	46,750	665	160	120	not applicable ...
Unemployed	4,145	4,095	30	15	0	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	24,270	23,200	345	85	635	not applicable ...
Participation rate	68.1	68.7	66.5	66.0	15.2	not applicable ...
Employment rate	62.7	63.1	63.6	60.4	15.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.1	4.3	8.6	0.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	76,105	74,045	1,045	265	755	1,175
Did not work^Footnote 135	23,070	22,055	330	80	600	375
Worked	53,040	51,990	715	180	155	805
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	28,945	28,395	400	100	50	450
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	24,090	23,595	315	80	105	355
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.3	44.3	41.2	39.4	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	54,575	53,500	730	185	160	825
a.Management	6,840	6,660	115	40	30	140
00 Senior management occupations	755	730	20	0	0	20
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	2,800	2,750	25	15	0	35
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,085	2,015	35	15	20	45
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,200	1,160	35	10	0	35
b.Professional	10,625	10,350	210	55	10	240
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	2,475	2,415	30	25	0	45
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	2,520	2,445	60	15	0	65
30 Professional occupations in nursing	930	915	15	0	0	10
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	550	540	10	0	0	15
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,195	2,115	65	10	0	70
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,425	1,395	20	0	0	25
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	530	525	0	0	0	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	5,820	5,750	65	10	0	70
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,650	1,620	25	0	0	25
32 Technical occupations in health	895	880	15	0	0	15
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,400	1,385	15	0	0	15
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	425	420	0	0	0	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,450	1,440	10	0	0	10
d.Administration and administrative support	8,230	8,085	105	20	15	120
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	3,575	3,510	60	0	0	60
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	780	760	15	0	0	15
14 Office support occupations	2,755	2,700	25	10	10	35
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,120	1,110	10	0	10	10
e.Sales	5,980	5,885	50	25	15	65
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,835	1,795	25	15	0	30
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	2,485	2,465	10	0	10	10
66 Sales support occupations	1,660	1,620	25	0	10	25
f.Personal and customer information services	8,015	7,840	100	20	55	115
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	640	635	10	0	0	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	975	940	10	10	20	15
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,245	1,220	10	0	10	15
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	3,000	2,925	65	10	0	70
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	2,155	2,130	15	0	15	10
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	3,800	3,755	30	10	0	35
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,445	2,425	15	0	0	20
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,355	1,335	10	15	0	15
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,000	2,955	15	0	25	20
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	800	795	10	0	0	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,650	1,620	0	10	20	10
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	550	540	10	0	0	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	705	695	0	0	0	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	110	105	10	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	140	135	0	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	455	450	0	0	10	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,555	1,515	20	10	10	25
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	330	325	0	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	400	395	0	0	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	400	385	15	0	10	15
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	430	410	10	0	10	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	54,575	53,500	735	185	160	820
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	220	0	0	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	180	185	0	0	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	10	10	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10	10	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	20	20	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	65	0	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	15	10	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	35	30	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	20	20	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	795	785	15	0	0	15
221 Utilities	795	780	10	0	0	15
23 Construction	4,235	4,170	50	0	20	50
236 Construction of buildings	1,225	1,195	15	0	15	15
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	315	300	10	0	0	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,705	2,670	25	0	10	25
31-33 Manufacturing	3,705	3,635	45	10	15	50
311 Food manufacturing	380	360	10	0	10	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	80	75	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	10	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	0	10	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	50	45	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	145	140	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	310	305	0	0	0	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	25	30	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	410	395	10	0	10	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	160	160	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	85	80	0	10	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	75	75	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	265	265	0	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	230	220	10	0	0	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	310	305	10	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	130	130	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	570	550	10	10	0	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	195	195	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	245	245	0	0	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	2,310	2,255	35	15	10	45
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	0	10	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	25	25	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	285	285	0	10	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	380	375	10	0	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	190	185	0	0	10	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	305	300	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	755	730	15	10	0	20
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	265	260	0	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	90	85	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	6,220	6,095	70	30	25	85
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	655	640	15	0	0	15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	270	260	0	0	0	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	340	330	0	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	505	500	10	0	0	10
445 Food and beverage stores	1,230	1,190	20	0	20	20
446 Health and personal care stores	545	545	0	0	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	85	80	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	775	760	0	10	0	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	400	395	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	915	895	10	10	10	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	345	340	10	0	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	165	155	0	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,475	2,445	30	10	10	30
481 Air transportation	170	165	0	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	85	70	10	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	0	10	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	360	350	10	0	0	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	935	925	10	0	0	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	225	215	0	0	0	0
491 Postal service	270	270	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	245	245	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	190	190	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,890	1,860	25	0	0	30
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	285	280	10	0	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	315	310	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	215	215	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	880	860	20	0	0	20
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	75	70	10	0	0	10
519 Other information services	120	120	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	4,855	4,725	100	30	0	115
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,745	2,690	30	20	0	45
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	625	605	10	0	0	15
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	1,460	1,400	55	10	0	55
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	25	25	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,255	1,225	20	10	0	25
531 Real estate	1,125	1,100	15	0	10	20
532 Rental and leasing services	120	115	0	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,725	4,630	65	20	10	75
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,725	4,630	65	25	10	75
55 Management of companies and enterprises	200	200	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	200	205	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,785	2,735	25	10	15	30
561 Administrative and support services	2,655	2,615	30	0	10	30
562 Waste management and remediation services	125	120	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	4,355	4,220	105	20	0	115
611 Educational services	4,355	4,220	105	20	0	115
62 Health care and social assistance	5,365	5,305	50	10	0	50
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,730	1,710	15	0	0	15
622 Hospitals	1,570	1,555	10	0	0	10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	830	825	10	0	0	10
624 Social assistance	1,240	1,220	10	0	0	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,275	1,275	0	0	0	0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	325	325	0	0	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	155	155	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	795	795	0	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,715	2,640	30	10	25	40
721 Accommodation services	255	250	0	0	0	0
722 Food services and drinking places	2,460	2,390	35	15	25	35
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,200	2,150	10	10	30	20
811 Repair and maintenance	580	570	10	10	0	10
812 Personal and laundry services	725	715	10	0	10	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	720	710	0	10	0	0
814 Private households	175	160	0	0	15	0
91 Public administration	2,935	2,870	50	10	0	55
911 Federal government public administration	585	560	25	0	0	20
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	720	705	10	0	0	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,635	1,610	20	0	0	20
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	47,690	46,745	665	160	115	745
Worked at home	3,235	3,140	65	15	15	70
Worked outside Canada	205	190	10	0	0	10
No fixed workplace address	5,970	5,870	80	10	15	80
Worked at usual place	38,285	37,545	525	130	90	590
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	54,575	53,500	730	185	160	825
English	53,450	52,705	560	150	35	635
French	185	110	75	10	0	75
Non-official language	345	230	0	0	115	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	345	235	0	0	115	0
English and French	250	135	95	10	0	100
English and non-official language	330	310	0	0	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	54,575	53,500	735	185	165	825
None	52,815	52,080	480	130	130	545
English	260	200	50	0	0	55
French	635	415	190	30	0	205
Non-official language	825	780	10	15	20	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	820	780	10	15	20	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	15	0	0	10	0
French and non-official language	30	15	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	38,290	37,545	525	135	85	590
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,505	7,390	70	25	20	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,530	4,460	70	10	0	70
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	26,175	25,625	390	100	70	435
Commute to a different province or territory	75	70	0	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	44,255	43,415	600	140	100	670
Car, truck, van - as a driver	32,980	32,350	450	100	85	500
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,605	2,545	25	15	20	30
Public transit	6,960	6,810	120	30	0	135
Walked	1,055	1,045	0	0	0	10
Bicycle	115	120	0	0	0	0
Other method	545	540	10	0	0	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	44,260	43,415	605	140	100	670
Less than 15 minutes	6,715	6,630	55	0	20	60
15 to 29 minutes	10,555	10,335	150	45	30	170
30 to 44 minutes	10,025	9,815	150	20	40	155
45 to 59 minutes	7,000	6,865	125	10	0	130
60 minutes and over	9,960	9,780	125	65	0	150
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	44,255	43,415	605	135	95	670
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,375	3,335	30	0	10	30
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,010	7,860	115	30	10	125
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,710	12,420	235	50	0	255
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,525	8,350	125	15	35	135
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,495	5,395	45	25	25	65
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,140	6,045	55	15	20	65
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	90,035	87,560	1,210	405	865	1,415
Non-movers	81,510	79,480	1,060	315	645	1,225
Movers	8,525	8,075	150	85	215	195
Non-migrants	3,320	3,185	40	15	80	55
Migrants	5,205	4,890	105	70	135	145
Internal migrants	4,750	4,510	65	65	110	100
Intraprovincial migrants	4,495	4,270	55	60	110	80
Interprovincial migrants	260	240	15	0	10	10
External migrants	455	385	40	10	20	45
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	86,455	84,145	1,150	390	765	1,350
Non-movers	59,060	57,885	705	195	275	795
Movers	27,395	26,260	450	195	490	550
Non-migrants	10,165	9,885	125	40	115	145
Migrants	17,235	16,375	325	155	375	405
Internal migrants	15,420	14,765	290	135	225	355
Intraprovincial migrants	14,955	14,370	235	120	230	295
Interprovincial migrants	460	390	55	10	0	60
External migrants	1,815	1,610	40	20	145	45

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Pickering, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.