Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Whitby, T

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	126,785	123,145	2,100	480	1,055	2,335
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	126,785	123,150	2,095	480	1,055	2,340
0 to 14 years	25,500	24,905	265	190	140	360
0 to 4 years	7,200	7,005	45	10	140	50
5 to 9 years	8,990	8,800	110	85	0	155
10 to 14 years	9,305	9,105	105	95	0	150
15 to 64 years	85,780	83,605	1,500	270	405	1,630
15 to 19 years	9,045	8,845	110	75	15	145
20 to 24 years	8,270	8,095	105	30	40	120
25 to 29 years	6,330	6,190	85	10	50	90
30 to 34 years	7,155	6,995	85	25	50	100
35 to 39 years	8,550	8,360	130	20	40	140
40 to 44 years	9,920	9,665	205	30	25	215
45 to 49 years	10,210	9,900	225	35	40	245
50 to 54 years	10,815	10,475	265	25	50	280
55 to 59 years	8,820	8,610	150	10	55	155
60 to 64 years	6,665	6,475	145	10	45	150
65 years and over	15,505	14,635	335	20	515	345
65 to 69 years	5,760	5,480	155	10	110	160
70 to 74 years	3,705	3,505	70	0	130	70
75 to 79 years	2,655	2,505	50	10	90	55
80 to 84 years	1,865	1,730	35	10	90	40
85 years and over	1,520	1,410	25	0	85	25
85 to 89 years	1,115	1,040	15	0	60	10
90 to 94 years	350	315	15	0	20	15
95 to 99 years	60	50	0	0	10	0
100 years and over	10	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	38.0	37.8	43.8	26.1	53.7	not applicable ...
Median age	39.2	39.0	46.5	17.6	64.4	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	101,280	98,245	1,835	290	920	1,980
Married or living common law	61,755	59,800	1,290	140	530	1,360
Married	54,725	52,980	1,110	110	530	1,165
Living common law	7,025	6,815	180	25	10	195
Not married and not living common law	39,525	38,445	545	150	385	620
Never married	27,450	26,870	325	120	140	385
Separated	2,890	2,810	40	15	25	50
Divorced	5,145	5,010	105	10	20	105
Widowed	4,040	3,755	75	10	205	75
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	101,280	98,240	1,835	290	920	1,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,980	93,090	1,760	245	885	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,958	55,199	63,139	46,547	15,755	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,310	42,649	51,356	42,610	15,057	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	96,035	93,145	1,760	245	885	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,364	44,546	50,171	39,086	15,247	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,424	37,654	44,834	39,035	15,057	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	88,505	86,120	1,650	225	515	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,727	54,846	62,222	46,650	14,233	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,273	41,478	48,538	36,544	9,306	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,240	63,120	1,160	155	800	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,607	6,576	7,237	5,627	8,316	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,880	2,845	5,283	1,445	7,299	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,495	74,590	1,390	205	315	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,389	54,415	62,368	48,370	16,858	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,909	42,986	54,325	36,949	13,292	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	91.8	91.9	92.4	92.0	52.6	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	78.9	79.0	78.0	87.0	37.9	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	8.2	8.1	7.6	7.6	47.4	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	101,285	98,240	1,835	290	920	1,980
Without total income	5,305	5,150	75	45	30	95
With total income	95,980	93,085	1,760	245	890	1,885
Percentage with total income	94.8	94.8	95.9	84.5	96.7	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,090	13,535	220	55	280	245
$10,000 to $19,999	13,510	12,945	190	30	340	205
$20,000 to $29,999	9,840	9,490	155	25	170	165
$30,000 to $39,999	8,635	8,420	140	10	60	145
$40,000 to $49,999	8,425	8,200	170	35	20	190
$50,000 to $59,999	7,500	7,340	145	10	0	150
$60,000 to $69,999	6,595	6,430	140	15	10	150
$70,000 to $79,999	5,470	5,360	100	10	0	105
$80,000 to $89,999	4,570	4,430	120	15	0	130
$90,000 to $99,999	4,595	4,505	90	10	0	90
$100,000 and over	12,755	12,435	295	30	0	305
$100,000 to $149,999	8,950	8,740	180	30	0	195
$150,000 and over	3,810	3,700	110	0	0	115
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	101,285	98,240	1,835	290	920	1,980
Without after-tax income	5,245	5,095	75	40	30	95
With after-tax income	96,035	93,140	1,760	245	890	1,880
Percentage with after-tax income	94.8	94.8	95.9	84.5	96.7	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,585	14,010	240	55	285	270
$10,000 to $19,999	14,130	13,565	185	30	345	200
$20,000 to $29,999	11,515	11,140	180	25	170	195
$30,000 to $39,999	10,805	10,545	185	15	65	195
$40,000 to $49,999	9,985	9,750	185	40	15	200
$50,000 to $59,999	9,005	8,775	210	15	10	220
$60,000 to $69,999	6,880	6,720	140	15	10	150
$70,000 to $79,999	6,395	6,205	155	30	0	175
$80,000 and over	12,740	12,440	280	25	0	290
$80,000 to $89,999	4,225	4,155	60	10	0	70
$90,000 to $99,999	2,780	2,710	50	10	0	55
$100,000 and over	5,735	5,570	160	10	0	165
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	101,285	98,240	1,835	290	920	1,980
Without employment income	24,785	23,655	445	85	605	485
With employment income	76,500	74,590	1,390	205	315	1,490
Percentage with employment income	75.5	75.9	75.7	70.7	34.2	75.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,580	10,320	155	40	65	175
$5,000 to $9,999	5,590	5,440	90	0	55	95
$10,000 to $19,999	8,295	8,070	130	25	65	135
$20,000 to $29,999	6,275	6,080	90	20	85	100
$30,000 to $39,999	5,825	5,680	95	20	35	105
$40,000 to $49,999	5,695	5,575	95	15	10	100
$50,000 to $59,999	5,785	5,660	110	15	0	120
$60,000 to $69,999	5,075	4,945	120	10	0	125
$70,000 to $79,999	4,350	4,235	105	10	0	105
$80,000 and over	19,035	18,570	405	50	0	435
$80,000 to $89,999	4,050	3,950	80	20	0	90
$90,000 to $99,999	4,195	4,075	100	15	0	105
$100,000 and over	10,795	10,540	225	25	0	240
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	101,280	98,240	1,835	290	915	1,980
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	38,625	37,750	745	85	50	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	68,336	68,230	76,401	72,288	23,304	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	77,818	77,713	86,420	76,805	26,257	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	126,785	123,150	2,095	480	1,060	2,335
English only	115,055	115,055	0	0	0	0
French only	70	0	65	0	0	65
English and French	10,585	8,080	2,030	475	0	2,270
Neither English nor French	1,075	20	0	0	1,055	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	126,785	123,145	2,095	480	1,060	2,340
English	113,740	112,620	1,120	0	0	1,120
French	850	10	845	0	0	845
Non-official language	7,730	6,335	10	325	1,055	175
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,725	6,335	10	325	1,055	170
English and French	280	100	60	120	0	120
English and non-official language	4,085	4,050	30	0	0	30
French and non-official language	20	0	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	90	40	10	35	0	30
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	126,780	123,150	2,100	480	1,060	2,340
None	113,675	111,480	975	250	965	1,100
English	3,890	3,235	450	140	60	520
French	1,810	1,245	540	30	0	550
Non-official language	7,230	7,080	85	30	30	100
Aboriginal	25	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,205	7,055	90	30	30	100
English and French	35	0	10	35	0	20
English and non-official language	25	20	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	115	85	35	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	126,785	123,150	2,095	480	1,060	2,335
English	103,200	103,200	0	0	0	0
French	2,105	155	1,955	0	0	1,950
Non-official language	19,025	17,575	50	335	1,060	220
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	19,010	17,565	50	340	1,060	220
English and French	325	200	15	105	0	75
English and non-official language	1,980	1,985	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	85	10	75	0	0	75
English, French and non-official language	65	30	0	35	0	15
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	126,780	123,150	2,095	475	1,060	2,340
Official languages	125,710	123,130	2,100	480	0	2,335
English	125,640	123,130	2,030	480	0	2,270
French	10,655	8,075	2,100	480	0	2,335
Non-official languages	25,245	23,385	385	410	1,060	595
Aboriginal languages	35	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25,215	23,350	390	415	1,060	590
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	126,785	123,150	2,095	480	1,055	2,335
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	1,995	1,905	85	10	0	90
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	1,880	1,790	90	0	0	90
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	1,115	1,085	25	0	0	30
Métis	730	665	60	0	0	60
Inuk (Inuit)	35	40	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	45	40	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	70	75	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	124,785	121,245	2,010	475	1,060	2,245
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	126,785	123,150	2,095	480	1,060	2,335
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	560	555	10	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	126,225	122,595	2,090	480	1,060	2,330
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	126,785	123,150	2,100	480	1,055	2,335
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	245	230	15	0	0	15
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	245	230	20	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	215	205	10	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	30	25	0	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	3,235	3,085	140	10	0	145
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	3,150	3,000	140	10	0	140
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,325	2,255	70	0	0	70
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	755	675	70	10	0	70
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	70	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	85	85	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	85	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	123,305	119,830	1,945	470	1,060	2,175
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	126,785	123,145	2,095	480	1,060	2,335
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	121,390	118,415	2,000	415	560	2,205
Canadian citizens only	115,780	113,090	1,915	305	470	2,070
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	5,605	5,325	80	110	90	135
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	5,395	4,730	100	65	500	135
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	126,785	123,145	2,100	480	1,060	2,335
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	96,500	94,465	1,675	225	140	1,785
Immigrants^Footnote 42	29,555	28,150	420	250	735	545
Before 1981	11,170	10,955	85	10	125	90
1981 to 1990	4,290	4,175	45	15	45	55
1991 to 2000	5,615	5,210	130	65	210	155
2001 to 2010	6,335	5,955	115	120	140	175
2001 to 2005	3,510	3,315	50	70	70	90
2006 to 2010	2,825	2,640	65	50	70	85
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	2,145	1,850	45	35	215	65
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	730	535	0	10	185	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	29,550	28,150	425	250	735	545
Under 5 years	3,555	3,450	45	60	10	75
5 to 14 years	6,550	6,435	65	45	0	90
15 to 24 years	6,850	6,700	60	35	60	80
25 to 44 years	10,705	10,155	225	105	225	275
45 years and over	1,890	1,415	30	0	445	25
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	29,555	28,150	425	250	735	545
Americas	7,510	7,380	60	50	30	80
Brazil	125	115	0	10	0	0
Colombia	190	175	0	10	10	10
El Salvador	75	80	0	0	0	0
Guyana	1,245	1,245	0	0	0	0
Haiti	70	20	35	10	0	40
Jamaica	2,375	2,375	0	0	0	0
Mexico	155	155	0	10	0	0
Peru	105	105	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	995	990	10	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	925	905	15	10	0	20
Other places of birth in Americas	1,250	1,215	0	15	20	10
Europe	10,270	9,885	75	85	225	115
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	90	0	0	15	0
Croatia	135	135	0	0	0	0
France	80	30	45	0	0	45
Germany	500	490	0	10	0	0
Greece	355	335	0	0	20	0
Hungary	160	155	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	240	240	0	0	0	0
Italy	965	880	0	0	75	0
Netherlands	490	490	0	10	0	10
Poland	585	550	10	10	25	15
Portugal	365	345	0	0	20	0
Romania	365	285	0	55	25	30
Russian Federation	170	160	0	0	10	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	120	115	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	150	135	0	0	15	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	4,490	4,490	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	990	955	20	0	15	20
Africa	1,755	1,415	265	65	10	300
Algeria	20	15	0	0	0	0
Egypt	160	120	25	10	0	35
Ethiopia	45	45	0	0	0	0
Kenya	110	110	0	0	0	0
Morocco	60	30	20	10	0	25
Nigeria	300	300	0	0	0	0
Somalia	15	15	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	235	240	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	820	545	210	50	0	240
Asia	9,895	9,345	20	55	470	55
Afghanistan	635	590	0	10	40	10
Bangladesh	240	240	0	0	10	0
China^Footnote 51	1,230	1,010	0	10	215	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	305	285	0	0	25	0
India	1,800	1,740	0	0	60	0
Iran^Footnote 53	290	280	0	10	0	0
Iraq	70	70	0	0	0	0
Japan	40	45	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	245	230	0	0	15	0
Lebanon	220	200	15	10	10	15
Pakistan	1,365	1,325	0	0	40	0
Philippines	1,505	1,500	0	0	10	0
Sri Lanka	875	830	0	20	30	0
Syria^Footnote 55	30	25	0	0	0	10
Taiwan	60	50	0	10	0	10
Viet Nam	175	160	10	0	15	0
Other places of birth in Asia	790	775	0	0	15	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	125	120	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	2,140	1,850	45	40	215	60
Americas	465	435	10	10	15	10
Brazil	15	20	0	0	0	0
Colombia	20	20	0	0	10	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	160	160	0	0	0	0
Mexico	20	20	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	105	100	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	15	10	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	115	95	0	10	0	0
Europe	215	175	0	0	30	0
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	15	15	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	0	0	15	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	20	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	55	50	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	75	70	0	0	0	0
Africa	245	200	30	15	0	35
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	10	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	10	0	10
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	15	0	0	20
Egypt	40	45	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	55	60	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	40	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	50	10	0	0	10
Asia	1,190	1,000	0	15	170	10
Afghanistan	30	20	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	40	45	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	235	110	0	0	120	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	10	0	0	0	0	0
India	250	235	0	0	20	0
Iran^Footnote 65	30	35	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	20	20	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	15	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	140	130	0	0	10	0
Philippines	215	210	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabia	25	20	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	55	50	0	0	10	0
Syria^Footnote 67	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	65	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	30	30	0	0	0	0
Australia	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	126,785	123,150	2,095	480	1,060	2,335
First generation^Footnote 71	30,775	29,150	440	260	930	565
Second generation^Footnote 72	34,495	33,880	320	175	130	410
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	61,515	60,120	1,340	50	0	1,365
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	18,825	17,630	340	240	615	460
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	9,340	8,940	160	160	80	235
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	3,605	3,435	80	50	45	105
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	5,730	5,505	75	110	40	130
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	6,775	6,230	80	45	415	105
Refugees^Footnote 79	2,570	2,335	100	30	95	120
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	145	120	10	0	20	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	126,780	123,150	2,100	480	1,055	2,335
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	32,095	30,590	515	245	740	640
South Asian^Footnote 83	8,345	8,110	30	70	145	65
Chinese	3,185	2,840	20	15	305	25
Black	10,085	9,615	380	80	15	420
Filipino	2,550	2,545	0	0	10	0
Latin American	1,345	1,165	15	40	125	35
Arab	960	880	45	25	10	55
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	525	465	0	0	55	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	1,260	1,175	10	15	65	20
Korean	355	335	0	0	15	0
Japanese	460	460	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	1,170	1,165	0	0	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	1,860	1,845	10	10	0	10
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	94,690	92,560	1,585	235	315	1,695
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	126,780	123,145	2,100	480	1,055	2,335
North American Aboriginal origins	3,480	3,315	155	10	0	160
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,630	2,550	75	0	0	80
Inuit	65	65	0	0	0	0
Métis	870	785	75	10	0	80
Other North American origins	35,760	34,810	890	50	10	915
Acadian	165	110	55	0	0	50
American	1,525	1,505	25	0	0	25
Canadian	34,555	33,665	830	50	0	855
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	275	270	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	15	10	0	0	10
Québécois	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	30	25	0	0	0	0
European origins	87,885	86,015	1,235	240	390	1,355
British Isles origins	63,210	62,820	325	40	15	345
Channel Islander	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	36,085	35,940	135	10	0	135
Irish	26,930	26,740	150	25	20	165
Manx	45	50	0	0	0	0
Scottish	27,960	27,850	70	20	15	85
Welsh	2,780	2,765	15	0	0	15
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	4,600	4,580	10	10	0	15
French origins	11,025	9,905	1,050	70	0	1,085
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	11,025	9,905	1,050	70	0	1,085
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,910	15,785	95	30	0	110
Austrian	850	845	0	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	400	365	35	0	0	35
Dutch	4,690	4,675	10	10	0	15
Flemish	25	15	0	0	0	10
Frisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	10,680	10,635	25	30	0	35
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	490	465	25	0	0	25
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,685	2,665	15	10	0	20
Danish	695	680	10	10	0	10
Finnish	575	575	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	225	215	10	0	0	10
Norwegian	530	530	0	0	0	0
Swedish	675	675	0	0	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	105	105	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	12,295	12,000	60	110	125	115
Bulgarian	145	140	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Czech	450	445	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	175	175	0	0	0	0
Estonian	225	220	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,545	1,525	10	0	15	10
Latvian	195	190	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	265	265	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	4,830	4,715	35	30	45	55
Romanian	835	750	10	55	25	35
Russian	1,215	1,185	10	0	30	10
Slovak	475	465	0	10	0	10
Ukrainian	3,815	3,770	15	10	20	20
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	35	35	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	18,995	18,570	125	45	260	145
Albanian	85	85	0	0	10	0
Bosnian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	650	650	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	20	20	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,350	2,315	15	0	25	10
Italian	9,385	9,205	75	20	90	85
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	1,160	1,140	0	10	10	0
Maltese	725	725	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	3,235	3,195	15	10	20	15
Serbian	320	315	0	0	0	10
Sicilian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	360	355	0	0	0	0
Spanish	2,045	1,895	20	25	105	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	260	240	10	0	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	670	650	25	0	0	25
Basque	25	25	0	0	0	0
Jewish	335	330	10	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	305	295	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	9,475	9,370	75	25	10	90
Antiguan	105	105	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	875	870	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Carib	70	70	0	0	0	0
Cuban	165	165	0	0	0	0
Dominican	110	105	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	310	310	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	145	70	60	10	0	60
Jamaican	5,580	5,555	15	10	0	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	40	40	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,535	1,510	15	10	0	25
Vincentian/Grenadinian	255	245	0	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,180	1,185	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	310	315	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,740	3,635	15	45	45	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	110	115	0	0	0	0
Arawak	50	50	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	90	70	0	10	10	0
Belizean	40	35	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	170	165	0	10	0	0
Chilean	125	125	0	0	0	0
Colombian	270	250	0	10	10	0
Costa Rican	45	35	0	10	10	0
Ecuadorian	110	100	10	0	0	10
Guatemalan	105	95	0	0	15	0
Guyanese	1,620	1,620	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Honduran	20	15	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	350	330	10	15	0	15
Nicaraguan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	45	45	10	0	0	10
Paraguayan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	155	140	0	10	0	0
Salvadorean	120	120	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	230	230	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	105	110	0	0	0	0
African origins	3,930	3,455	380	85	15	420
Central and West African origins	910	690	195	25	0	205
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	25	0	25	0	0	25
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	50	25	30	0	0	30
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	160	10	135	20	0	145
Edo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	175	175	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	30	0	30	0	0	30
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	375	370	0	10	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	120	120	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	55	35	0	15	0	10
North African origins	545	460	60	25	0	75
Algerian	40	30	15	0	0	10
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	25	20	0	0	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	310	270	25	15	0	35
Libyan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	75	40	25	10	0	25
Sudanese	20	20	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	25	25	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	770	650	90	30	0	105
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	15	0	0	20	0	10
Burundian	75	0	80	0	0	75
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	60	55	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	30	10	15	10	0	15
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	20	0	0	0	0
South African	275	280	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	75	75	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	80	70	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	1,780	1,695	35	45	10	55
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	235	220	10	15	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	1,585	1,500	35	40	10	55
Asian origins	20,890	20,040	105	135	615	170
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,440	3,245	60	50	80	90
Afghan	1,060	1,000	0	15	45	10
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	255	250	0	0	0	10
Armenian	265	260	0	0	0	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	25	25	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	470	450	0	10	20	0
Iraqi	90	90	0	0	0	0
Israeli	65	65	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	575	510	25	30	10	40
Palestinian	265	265	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	15	10	10	0	0	10
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	200	190	0	0	0	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	240	215	10	0	10	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	25	30	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	55	55	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	9,540	9,290	30	70	145	65
Bangladeshi	170	170	0	0	0	0
Bengali	100	105	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	6,365	6,240	35	10	85	40
Goan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	20	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	25	20	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,455	1,400	0	15	35	0
Punjabi	210	195	10	0	10	10
Sinhalese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,030	970	0	35	25	20
Tamil	235	235	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	595	580	0	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	8,480	8,040	30	15	390	40
Burmese	20	25	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	35	0	0	0	0
Chinese	4,525	4,185	20	15	310	25
Filipino	2,885	2,875	0	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	105	105	0	0	0	0
Japanese	540	540	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	375	360	0	0	20	0
Laotian	50	40	0	0	10	0
Malaysian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0	0	10
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	50	50	0	0	0	0
Thai	90	45	0	0	45	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	315	300	0	0	10	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	75	80	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	80	80	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	265	265	0	0	0	0
Australian	180	185	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	45	45	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	55	55	0	0	0	0
Fijian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	101,285	98,240	1,835	290	920	1,980
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,865	13,115	210	55	485	240
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	28,780	28,060	405	35	285	420
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,635	57,065	1,220	200	145	1,320
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,785	5,640	125	0	20	125
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	2,635	2,535	90	0	0	90
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	3,155	3,110	25	0	10	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	25,305	24,685	545	45	40	565
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,015	1,925	65	0	15	70
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	25,530	24,810	490	150	75	565
Bachelor's degree	18,575	18,135	305	80	60	340
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,665	1,630	30	10	0	35
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	450	25	0	0	25
Master's degree	4,335	4,155	120	55	10	145
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	480	445	10	15	10	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	101,285	98,240	1,830	290	915	1,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	42,645	41,175	615	85	775	660
Education	3,810	3,665	115	10	20	120
13. Education	3,805	3,665	115	10	20	120
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,500	2,440	50	10	0	55
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	550	545	0	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,950	1,895	45	10	0	55
Humanities	3,050	2,955	65	20	15	75
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	200	175	10	0	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	860	835	15	0	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	770	20	10	0	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	20	15	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	145	0	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	270	10	0	0	10
54. History	610	610	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	150	135	15	10	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,390	8,200	125	65	0	160
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	90	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	950	920	15	15	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,325	1,295	20	10	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	1,510	1,475	35	0	0	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	135	130	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,300	1,290	10	0	0	15
45. Social sciences	3,070	2,985	45	45	0	65
Business, management and public administration	13,130	12,735	335	45	15	355
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	25	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,100	1,075	25	10	0	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,000	11,635	310	40	15	325
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,340	2,280	45	0	15	45
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,005	990	15	0	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	630	615	15	0	0	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	30	25	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	585	565	10	0	10	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	90	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,475	2,405	50	10	0	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,945	1,900	30	15	0	40
25. Library science	110	110	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	350	15	0	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	55	50	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,025	10,740	205	30	45	220
04. Architecture and related services	450	455	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	2,615	2,500	75	20	25	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,535	2,480	40	10	10	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,290	2,265	15	0	10	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,135	2,080	45	0	0	45
48. Precision production	990	965	25	0	0	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	630	595	25	0	0	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	335	315	15	0	10	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	280	10	0	0	10
Health and related fields	7,755	7,590	145	10	10	145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,100	1,090	10	0	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	6,545	6,395	125	10	10	130
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	100	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,530	3,455	65	0	10	65
12. Personal and culinary services	1,620	1,585	30	0	10	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,495	1,475	20	0	0	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	380	15	0	0	15
Other	0	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	101,280	98,240	1,835	290	915	1,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,650	41,175	610	85	770	660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	58,635	57,065	1,225	200	145	1,320
Location of study inside Canada	49,660	48,495	1,040	120	0	1,105
Same as province or territory of residence	46,560	45,695	755	110	10	805
Different than province or territory of residence	3,100	2,795	290	20	0	295
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	8,975	8,570	180	80	145	220
United States^Footnote 130	1,510	1,480	30	0	0	35
Philippines	695	695	0	0	0	0
India	850	850	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,330	1,310	15	0	0	15
China^Footnote 132	490	410	10	0	75	10
France	45	15	25	10	0	30
Other	4,040	3,815	105	55	70	130
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	101,285	98,240	1,835	290	920	not applicable ...
In the labour force	70,300	68,725	1,260	200	110	not applicable ...
Employed	65,080	63,640	1,180	170	90	not applicable ...
Unemployed	5,215	5,085	80	25	20	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	30,985	29,515	575	90	805	not applicable ...
Participation rate	69.4	70.0	68.7	69.0	12.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	64.3	64.8	64.3	58.6	9.8	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.4	6.3	12.5	18.2	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	101,280	98,240	1,830	290	920	1,975
Did not work^Footnote 135	29,350	27,990	495	80	790	530
Worked	71,930	70,250	1,340	210	125	1,445
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	39,355	38,445	775	80	50	815
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	32,575	31,805	565	125	80	630
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.3	43.0	37.6	39.7	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	74,150	72,435	1,365	210	145	1,470
a.Management	9,650	9,380	235	15	10	250
00 Senior management occupations	900	875	25	0	0	30
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,190	4,075	105	10	0	115
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,950	2,880	60	10	0	65
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,605	1,555	45	0	10	45
b.Professional	15,075	14,630	355	85	0	395
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	3,270	3,190	65	15	0	70
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	3,200	3,135	40	30	0	55
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,330	1,310	10	0	0	15
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	760	745	15	0	0	15
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,795	3,610	160	25	0	175
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,920	1,860	45	0	10	50
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	805	780	15	10	0	20
c.Technical and paraprofessional	8,075	7,920	120	30	0	135
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,060	2,020	45	0	0	40
32 Technical occupations in health	1,225	1,200	30	0	0	30
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,805	1,745	40	15	10	50
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,150	1,145	0	0	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,835	1,805	15	20	0	20
d.Administration and administrative support	9,650	9,470	155	20	10	165
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	4,390	4,310	75	0	0	80
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	860	840	15	10	0	15
14 Office support occupations	3,145	3,090	50	10	0	55
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,250	1,230	15	0	10	20
e.Sales	8,370	8,210	140	10	15	145
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,270	2,215	55	0	0	60
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	3,800	3,740	60	0	0	60
66 Sales support occupations	2,305	2,260	20	0	15	30
f.Personal and customer information services	11,140	10,825	210	25	80	220
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	880	865	10	0	0	15
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,590	1,555	25	0	10	25
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,800	1,760	15	10	15	15
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	3,650	3,515	125	0	10	125
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,225	3,125	45	0	55	40
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	5,045	4,955	85	10	0	85
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,270	3,205	55	10	10	55
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,770	1,745	25	0	0	25
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,835	3,790	40	10	0	45
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,235	1,215	25	0	0	20
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,930	1,900	15	10	0	20
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	670	670	0	0	0	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	875	855	10	10	10	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	140	140	0	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	110	105	0	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	625	610	10	10	10	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,435	2,405	20	0	10	20
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	610	605	0	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	495	485	0	0	10	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	850	830	15	0	0	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	485	480	0	0	10	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	74,150	72,430	1,365	210	140	1,475
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	300	295	0	0	10	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	240	230	0	0	10	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10	0	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	50	50	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155	150	10	0	0	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	85	80	10	0	0	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	35	35	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	35	30	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,830	1,785	30	10	0	40
221 Utilities	1,825	1,785	30	10	0	35
23 Construction	5,015	4,905	80	10	15	90
236 Construction of buildings	1,265	1,230	25	0	10	30
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	365	360	0	10	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,380	3,320	55	0	10	55
31-33 Manufacturing	5,525	5,410	95	0	10	100
311 Food manufacturing	425	415	10	0	0	10
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	100	100	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	20	20	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	0	10	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	45	50	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	85	75	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	270	265	10	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	385	390	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	20	10	10	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	445	435	15	0	0	15
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	290	280	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	185	180	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	150	145	10	0	0	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	455	450	10	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	380	375	0	0	0	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	350	340	10	0	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	160	155	10	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,300	1,270	20	0	0	20
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	175	175	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	270	260	10	0	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	3,005	2,875	120	10	10	120
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	0	0	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	35	35	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	395	390	0	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	530	500	20	0	0	25
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	165	140	25	0	0	25
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	380	365	15	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,045	1,000	45	0	10	45
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	345	335	0	0	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	110	110	10	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	8,850	8,715	95	20	15	105
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,145	1,120	20	0	0	25
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	410	415	0	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	355	350	10	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	765	760	10	0	0	10
445 Food and beverage stores	2,200	2,165	20	10	10	25
446 Health and personal care stores	710	690	15	0	10	10
447 Gasoline stations	110	115	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	870	855	15	0	0	15
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	395	395	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,195	1,175	15	0	0	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	440	435	0	0	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	255	255	0	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,890	2,860	30	0	0	35
481 Air transportation	105	95	10	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	130	120	10	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	530	520	0	0	0	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	980	980	0	0	0	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	255	250	0	0	0	0
491 Postal service	215	215	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	290	285	10	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	375	375	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,370	2,325	45	0	0	40
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	490	485	0	0	0	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	380	360	20	0	0	15
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	305	305	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	920	905	10	0	0	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	60	60	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	220	210	10	0	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	5,300	5,150	130	20	0	140
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,945	2,860	80	10	0	80
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	745	735	10	0	0	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	1,555	1,510	40	0	0	45
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	50	50	10	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,570	1,535	30	0	0	30
531 Real estate	1,385	1,360	30	0	0	30
532 Rental and leasing services	175	170	0	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,845	5,725	110	10	0	115
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,845	5,725	110	0	0	115
55 Management of companies and enterprises	235	220	0	10	0	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	230	220	0	10	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,265	3,150	80	25	15	90
561 Administrative and support services	3,115	3,005	75	20	15	85
562 Waste management and remediation services	150	150	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	6,750	6,525	205	25	0	215
611 Educational services	6,755	6,525	205	25	0	215
62 Health care and social assistance	7,455	7,295	125	30	10	135
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,420	2,375	40	0	0	45
622 Hospitals	2,145	2,115	30	0	0	35
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,170	1,145	15	10	0	15
624 Social assistance	1,725	1,660	40	20	0	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,890	1,865	20	0	0	20
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	440	430	10	0	0	10
712 Heritage institutions	110	105	0	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,340	1,330	15	0	0	15
72 Accommodation and food services	4,310	4,195	60	10	40	65
721 Accommodation services	315	310	10	0	0	0
722 Food services and drinking places	3,990	3,890	55	10	45	60
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,760	2,705	30	0	25	30
811 Repair and maintenance	855	840	10	0	10	10
812 Personal and laundry services	900	890	10	0	0	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	795	775	10	0	10	10
814 Private households	215	200	0	0	10	10
91 Public administration	4,835	4,740	85	10	0	85
911 Federal government public administration	840	810	25	0	0	25
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	985	955	25	10	0	30
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	3,005	2,965	30	10	0	30
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	65,085	63,640	1,180	175	90	1,265
Worked at home	4,860	4,730	110	10	20	110
Worked outside Canada	180	180	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	7,155	6,975	145	25	10	160
Worked at usual place	52,885	51,755	925	145	60	995
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	74,150	72,430	1,365	210	145	1,470
English	72,880	71,715	965	150	45	1,040
French	395	165	210	15	0	220
Non-official language	250	160	0	0	85	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	255	165	0	0	90	0
English and French	370	145	190	35	0	205
English and non-official language	245	235	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	74,150	72,435	1,370	210	145	1,475
None	71,790	70,635	895	145	120	965
English	375	210	140	15	15	145
French	1,105	735	320	45	0	345
Non-official language	860	840	10	0	10	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	865	835	10	0	10	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	52,885	51,755	925	140	65	995
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,570	13,350	165	25	35	180
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,395	15,060	275	45	20	295
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	23,780	23,210	490	75	10	530
Commute to a different province or territory	135	135	0	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	60,045	58,730	1,065	165	75	1,155
Car, truck, van - as a driver	47,075	46,050	850	125	50	915
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,195	3,135	35	15	10	40
Public transit	7,490	7,285	165	30	10	175
Walked	1,575	1,555	15	0	0	15
Bicycle	180	180	0	0	0	0
Other method	530	525	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	60,040	58,735	1,070	170	75	1,150
Less than 15 minutes	12,240	12,010	185	15	25	190
15 to 29 minutes	15,825	15,515	235	40	30	255
30 to 44 minutes	9,295	9,055	185	40	10	210
45 to 59 minutes	7,540	7,345	155	40	0	175
60 minutes and over	15,140	14,805	310	25	0	320
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	60,040	58,730	1,070	165	70	1,150
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,555	5,475	70	0	0	70
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,385	11,110	240	35	0	255
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,735	15,330	310	70	20	345
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,370	11,155	205	15	0	210
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,430	6,270	125	15	30	130
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,565	9,395	125	30	15	140
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	125,515	121,925	2,095	470	1,030	2,325
Non-movers	113,985	111,015	1,805	390	780	2,000
Movers	11,530	10,905	285	80	255	325
Non-migrants	4,455	4,260	105	50	45	130
Migrants	7,070	6,650	175	35	215	190
Internal migrants	6,570	6,315	155	20	80	165
Intraprovincial migrants	6,245	6,020	145	10	65	155
Interprovincial migrants	330	300	10	10	15	15
External migrants	495	330	20	15	135	25
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	119,580	116,145	2,050	465	920	2,285
Non-movers	80,195	78,300	1,305	220	370	1,415
Movers	39,385	37,845	745	250	550	870
Non-migrants	16,065	15,650	240	105	70	295
Migrants	23,320	22,195	505	145	480	575
Internal migrants	20,760	20,080	450	105	130	500
Intraprovincial migrants	19,890	19,270	390	95	125	440
Interprovincial migrants	880	810	60	10	10	65
External migrants	2,555	2,115	55	35	350	70

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Whitby, T

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.